DOCSLIB.ORG

Herb-Drug Interaction, Herbs, Counseling, Herbal Preparation INTRODUCTION Matter, Etc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Herb-Drug Interaction, Herbs, Counseling, Herbal Preparation INTRODUCTION Matter, Etc International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1, Supply 1, Nov.-Dec. 2009 Review Article HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS AND PATIENT COUNSELING MOHAMMAD YAHEYA MOHAMMAD ISMAIL* Dept. of Pharmacy, Higher College of Technology, P.O.Box 74 PC 133, Sultanate of Oman E mail: [email protected] (*Corresponding author) ABSTRACT Millions of people today use herbal therapies along with prescription and non prescription medications. Although considered natural, many of these herbal therapies can interact with other medications, causing either potentially dangerous side effects and / or reduced benefits from the medication. Currently, there is very little information published on herb-drug interactions whilst the use of herbs is progressively growing across the world. As there is large belief that herbal medicines are safe to use, it needs to be understood that depending on the amount and potency of the pharmacologic principles contained in the herbal preparation, potential exists for herb-drug interaction to occur when the herbal product is consumed with the modern day medicine. It should be understood that herbal preparations contain active phytochemicals in varying proportions which have a tendency like any other active pharmacological substance to alter the enzymatic systems, transporters and / or the physiologic process. The intent of this review is to update on some imminent issues that may arise if the modern medicine is mixed with a suspecting herbal preparation. These situations may arise in our daily lives due to the lack of strict adherence to regular drug prescription practices, unabated use of over the counter drug products and / or self prescription practices. Health-care practitioners should caution patients against mixing herbs and pharmaceutical drugs. Keywords: Herb-Drug Interaction, Herbs, Counseling, Herbal Preparation INTRODUCTION matter, etc. Herbal drugs constitute only those Herbs have been used for medicinal purposes traditional medicines, which primarily use since the beginning of recorded time. medicinal plant preparation for therapy. Although most people believe that herbs are WHO estimates that about three quarters of harmless plants, about one third of our drugs world population currently use herbs and (including digitalis, morphine, atropine and other forms of traditional medicines to treat several chemotherapeutic agents) were developed their disease. Even as we entered into the new from plants. So, indeed, herbs can be potent century with its exciting prospect of gene products. Herbs can affect body functions; therapy, herbal medicines remain one of the therefore, when herbs are taken concurrently common forms of therapy available to the with drugs, interactions are possible. world population. The increasing awareness of herbal medicines Botanical medications have increased in is acknowledged by World Health popularity. In the United States, botanical Organization (WHO). WHO has recently products are now a $1.5 billion per year defined traditional medicine (including herbal industry. It is estimated that 60% to 70% of drugs) as comprising therapeutic practices the American population is taking botanical that have been in existence, almost for several products, but less than one third of these hundreds of years, before the development persons inform their medical practitioners of and spread of modern medicine and still in such use1. use today. The traditional preparations Today, our understanding of the interactions comprise medicinal plants, minerals, organic between drugs and herbs and between drugs 151 and food is still in its infancy. Much research increases with the number of products is still required in herbal therapy to examine consumed e.g., for 2 products, the risk is 6%; individual plant constituents and to determine for 5 products, 50%; and for 8 or more how plants interact with drugs and food. products, 100%4. The mechanisms for drug Some researchers suggest that herb-drug interaction can be divided into two general interactions occur less often than predicted. If categories i.e. pharmacokinetics (absorption, an interaction between an herb and a drug distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a does occur, conventional drugs are usually drug) and pharmacodynamic interactions (the the culprits because they are more combined pharmacological effects of a drug). pharmacologically active2, 3. Pharmacokinetic interactions In this review an attempt has been made to Absorption update the most commonly occurring herb- Herbs that have hydrocolloidal carbohydrate drug interactions. components such as gums and mucilage are HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS soluble in water but poorly absorbable; Many medicinal herbs and pharmaceutical examples include psyllium, rhubarb, flax- drugs are therapeutic at one dose and toxic at seed, marshmallow and aloe. These another. Interactions between herbs and drugs compounds bind to other drugs, particularly may increase or decrease the pharmacological when consumed in their whole or powdered or toxicological effects of either component. forms. For example, psyllium (an herb high in Synergistic therapeutic effects may mucilage) inhibits the absorption of lithium. complicate the dosing of long-term Rhubarb and aloe can cause diarrhea, which medications e.g., herbs traditionally used to reduces the action of drugs that have a narrow decrease glucose concentrations in diabetes therapeutic index (eg, digoxin, warfarin). In could theoretically precipitate hypoglycaemia order to prevent an herb from binding with if taken in combination with conventional drugs, the drug should be taken 1 hour before drugs. Because of the possible herb–drug or 2 hours after these herbal products. interactions, health care providers need to be Distribution aware of herb and supplement use by their Herbs such as meadowsweet and black patients 1. willow, which contain pain-reducing A drug interaction is defined as any salicylates, may displace highly protein- modification caused by another exogenous bound drugs such as warfarin and chemical (drug, herb or food) in the carbamazepine thus increasing the adverse diagnostic, therapeutic or other action of a effects of these drugs. These products should drug in or on the body. The possibilities of not be taken concurrently 2, 3. drug interaction are endless, because more Metabolism than 30000 over-the-counter products; more Liquorice (as an herb, not a sweetener) than 1000 unique chemical substances from decreases the metabolism of corticosteroids, which prescription drugs are produced; and leading to adverse and toxic effects from the hundreds of herbs, vitamins and minerals are buildup of corticosteroids. Recently, available. The risk for drug interactions researchers discovered that St. John’s wort 152 can induce hepatic microsomal enzymes in Many medicinal herbs contain anticoagulant the cytochrome P-450 system; thus, it coumarins (not all coumarins are increases the metabolism of drugs anticoagulant), which can also have additive metabolized in this system, such as digoxin effects when combined with pharmaceutical and theophylline, protease inhibitors and anticoagulants7. A Chinese herb, danshen cyclosporine. The drugs are thus rendered less (Salvia miltiorrhiza) has been associated with effective, so concurrent use of liquorice with three cases of profound anticoagulation in these drugs is not recommended 2, 3. patients on warfarin. Dong quai or danggui Pharmacodynamic interactions (Angelica sinensis, syn A. polymorpha), An example of a pharmacodynamic another Chinese herb, doubled prothrombin interaction is additive activity. For example, time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio the hypnotic activity of benzodiazepines is (INR) in a 46-year-old African-American increased by valerian and the anticoagulant woman, previously stabilized on warfarin, action of warfarin is enhanced by ginkgo and who had ingested dong quai for four weeks. possibly by many other herbs. It is best not to Laboratory values normalized within one take these products concurrently 3. month of discontinuing the herb8. In rabbits, INTERACTION RISKS IN SPECIFIC dong quai extract affected neither baseline PT PATIENT POPULATIONS nor warfarin pharmacokinetics9. Given the The following section reviews potential case reports, however, caution would dictate effects of dietary supplements in patients that patients avoid combining dong quai with taking anticoagulants, cardiovascular warfarin. medications, psychiatric medications, laxatives, In one poorly documented case report, the diabetic medications or medications for anticoagulant effect of warfarin was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) potentiated by consuming an extract of the infection. green fruit of papaya (Carica papaya) 10. Patients receiving anticoagulants Green papayas, high in papain are commonly Warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants consumed in Southeast Asia. Although interact with many drugs, foods and feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) and ginger medicinal herbs. Both garlic (Allium sativum) (Zingiber officinale) often are invoked as and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) interfere with anticoagulant herbs in the literature, no cases platelet function in vitro and may increase the of bleeding problems have been linked to risk of bleeding when combined with these herbs. Although feverfew extracts and warfarin. Garlic inhibits platelet aggregation its sesquiterpene lactone constituents, notably and fibrinolytic activity in both patients with parthenolide, inhibit platelet aggregation by coronary artery disease
Load more

Recommended publications
  • COMFORCLEANSE Item No
    COMFORCLEANSE Item No. 320402 Size: 150 ct AUST L 193422 VEGAN PRODUCT SUMMARY & BACKGROUND ComforCleanse™ is an effective combination of herbs and essential oils that aids in the relief of constipation and helps reduce the occurrence of constipation. It effectively combines healthy fibre, minerals, herbs and essential oils to cleanse and balance. Conveniently packaged in capsule form, ComforCleanse also contains Cascara sagrada bark and psyllium. The colon is the final component of the digestive tract; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body. Although the bowel is comprised of the small and the large intestines, it is commonly used to describe the large intestines, which consist of the colon, the rectum and the anus. Therefore, a ‘bowel problem’ is any problem affecting these parts of the digestive tract. ComforCleanse was formulated to help cleanse and restore balance with the entire bowel in mind. KEY INGREDIENTS Berberis vulgaris, Burdock Root Powder, Chamomile Mentha piperita, pectin, Pimpinella anisum, Psyllium Oil German, Citrus reticulata, Copaiba Oil, Husk Powder, Rheum palmatum, Rosmarinus Echinacea purpurea, Ferula assa-foetida, Foeniculum officinalis, Zingiber officinale vulgare, Frangula purshiana, Garlic Clove Powder, FEATURES BENEFITS • Vegan-friendly formula • Decrease and relieve constipation • Contains Cascara sagrada (Frangula purshiana) • Can be used as a laxative bark traditionally used as a stimulant laxative • Helps reduce occurrence of constipation • Promotes bowel evacuation • Improves bowel waste elimination • Supports normal digestive and colon function WHO SHOULD TAKE COMFORCLEANSE? DIRECTIONS Those suffering from the uncomfortable effects of Adults take 2-3 capsules before breakfast and at constipation bedtime. Drink at least 2L of water throughout the day for best results.
    [Show full text]
  • G.I. Fortify (Capsules) Introduced 2013
    G.I. Fortify (capsules) Introduced 2013 What Is It? Recommendations G.I. Fortify (capsules) is designed to support G.I. health and bowel regularity as well Pure Encapsulations recommends 3-6 capsules daily, in divided doses, with a meal as promote a healthy G.I. environment, detoxification and colon cell function.* and 8-12 oz. water. Uses For G.I. Fortify (capsules) Are There Any Potential Side Effects Or Precautions? G.I. Motility: Psyllium, Plantago indica or blond psyllium, is a valued source of Not to be taken by pregnant or lactating women. Psyllium and flaxseed may cause soluble fiber. Soluble fiber increases stool volume when taken with appropriate gastrointestinal discomfort, including bloating, flatulence, addominal pain or amounts of water, supporting larger and softer stools for healthy bowel diarrhea. In rare cases, psyllium has been associated with headache, backache, movements. As the bulk moves through the intestine, it helps to collect and rhinitis, increased cough, and sinusitis. Psyllium should be consumed with eliminate other waste and toxins from the intestinal walls. This helps to minimize adequate water, as case reports indicate a potential for bowel obstruction when the amount of exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to toxins. Flaxseeds provide it is consumed without water. Rarely, individuals can have an allergic response a source of lignans, fatty acids, and both soluble and insoluble fibers, enhancing to psyllium, with symptoms including runny nose, sneezing, conjunctivitis, skin the gut health potential of this complex.* rash, itching, flushing, chest and throat tightness, congestion, hypotension or G.I. Integrity: l-Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleanse & Lean
    Max Cleanse & Lean Get Lean and Hard! † Lose Weight & Cleanse Your Body!† The research team at Max Muscle has come up with a product that not Size: 100 Capsules only improves your health, but also helps you lose excess weight fast! We Serving Size: 1 Capsule call it Max Cleanse & Lean™ (MCL). MCL offers you a solution to your Servings Per Container: Approx. 100 digestive issues as well as a way to remove excess water and waste from your body. You workout hard to build your body and you want to be able to KEY FEATURES • Get Lean & Hard † see the results every day, that’s what MCL can do. Often stress, poor diet, • Removes Excess Water† and every day issues affect our body’s ability to deal with excess fluid and • Promotes Regularity† waste causing numerous problems. MCL addresses the bloating or excess water that many of us hold just under our skin, in our hips, abs, legs, and KEY MESSAGES feet. MCL helps you naturally release this excess fluid and flush it from • Improves health and promotes quick weight-loss.† your system helping you drop weight and lean up. MCL also helps • Removes subcutaneous water and waste from the body.† promote regularity. Regularity is essential for your health. If you’re backed • Flushes excess fluid from the body.† up then MCL will help you get back on track and, in the process, enable • Promotes regularity.† your body to absorb more nutrients, grow more muscle, and lose • Formulated with the highest quality ingredients more weight.† to help you lean out and look better than ever.† • Patent pending formula designed to help you lose Patent Pending Formula! weight fast while cleansing system of impurities for † MCL was formulated with the highest quality ingredients available to help better health.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heart Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber
    Conclusions. Heart disease continues to be one of the most factors for cardiovascular disease, including blood pressure, weight, widespread health problems in the United States. Fortunately, it is and glucose levels. Not all fibers provide the same cardiovascular ™ also among the most preventable health problems. To that end, benefits; however, and differences among the various types of fibers Expert Views Americans are encouraged to adopt heart-healthy habits, which should be appreciated when choosing a fiber supplement. Psyllium include a healthy diet and regular exercise.7 In addition to being an and oat fibers are the only fibers that have been recognized by the GI HealtH & Wellness | Issue four | february 2011 important part of a healthy diet, dietary fibers provide a number of FDA for their cholesterol-lowering and cardiovascular benefits, while cardiovascular benefits. The cholesterol-lowering benefits of certain other fibers such as calcium polycarbophil are indicated for their fibers (psyllium and oat fibers) as adjunct to a low-fat diet are well- laxation effects. An understanding of these differences should allow features: the heart health benefits of recognized and have been demonstrated in numerous well-controlled physicians and patients to tailor their choice of dietary fiber and fiber trials. Further, dietary fibers have beneficial effects on other key risk supplements to better meet their individual health goals. One dietary fiber CHD Prevalence february Is amerIcan Heart HealtH montH Cholesterol Lowering Benefits Heart
    [Show full text]
  • Various Species, Mainly Aloe Ferox Miller and Its Hybrids)
    European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 5 July 2007 Doc. Ref: EMEA/HMPC/76313/2006 COMMITTEE ON HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (HMPC) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON ALOE BARABADENSIS MILLER AND ALOE (VARIOUS SPECIES, MAINLY ALOE FEROX MILLER AND ITS HYBRIDS) Aloe barbadensis Miller (barbados aloes) Herbal substance Aloe [various species, mainly Aloe ferox Miller and its hybrids] (cape aloes) the concentrated and dried juice of the leaves, Herbal Preparation standardised; standardised herbal preparations thereof Pharmaceutical forms Herbal substance for oral preparation Rapporteur Dr C. Werner Assessor Dr. B. Merz Superseded 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 75 23 70 51 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.europa.eu ©EMEA 2007 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Clinical Pharmacology 3 II.1 Pharmacokinetics 3 II.1.1 Phytochemical characterisation 3 II.1.2 Absorption, metabolism and excretion 4 II.1.3 Progress of action 5 II.2 Pharmacodynamics 5 II.2.1 Mode of action 5 • Laxative effect 5 • Other effects 7 II.2.2 Interactions 8 III. Clinical Efficacy 9 III.1 Dosage 9 III.2 Clinical studies 9 Conclusion 10 III.3 Clinical studies in special populations 10 III.3.1 Use in children 10 III.3.2. Use during pregnancy and lactation 10 III.3.3. Conclusion 13 III.4 Traditional use 13 IV. Safety 14 IV.1 Genotoxic and carcinogenic risk 14 IV.1.1 Preclinical Data 14 IV.1.2 Clinical Data 18 IV.1.3 Conclusion 20 IV.2 Toxicity 20 IV.3 Contraindications 21 IV.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 21 IV.5 Undesirable effects 22 IV.6 Interactions 22 IV.7 Overdose 23 V.
    [Show full text]
  • And Dose-Dependent Effect of Psyllium on Serum Lipids in Mild-To-Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: a Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 821–827 & 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0954-3007/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/ejcn ORIGINAL ARTICLE Time- and dose-dependent effect of psyllium on serum lipids in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials Z-h Wei1, H Wang1, X-y Chen, B-s Wang, Z-x Rong, B-s Wang, B-h Su and H-z Chen Department of Pharmacology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Objectives: Evidences from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis have claimed an association between the use of soluble dietary fiber from psyllium and a cholesterol-lowering effect. However, there is still uncertainty as to the dose–response relationship and its long-term lipid-lowering efficacy. This meta-analysis was primarily conducted to address the dose–response relationship between psyllium and serum cholesterol level and time-dependent effect of psyllium in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects. Methods: Twenty-one studies, which enrolled a total of 1030 and 687 subjects receiving psyllium or placebo, respectively, were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were randomized placebo-controlled trials, double blinded or open label, on subjects with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. The dose of psyllium was between 3.0 and 20.4 g per day and intervention period was more than 2 weeks. Any type of diet background was permitted. Diet lead-in period was between 0 and 8 weeks. Results: Compared with placebo, consumption of psyllium lowered serum total cholesterol by 0.375 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.257– 0.494 mmol/l), and LDL cholesterol by 0.278 mmol/l (95% CI: 0.213–0.312 mmol/l).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Aloe Vera Juice and Isabgol Husk on Microbial Quality of Wheat
    International Journal of Chemical Studies 2018; 6(4): 393-397 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2018; 6(4): 393-397 Impact of Aloe vera juice and isabgol husk on © 2018 IJCS Received: 23-05-2018 microbial quality of wheat flour vermicelli Accepted: 24-06-2018 JM Vaghashiya JM Vaghashiya, Dev Raj, HG Suthar, PB Zinzala and RB Bharai Department of Post-harvest Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Abstract Navsari Agricultural University, The present investigation was aimed to study the impact of Aloe vera juice and isabgol husk in microbial Navsari, Gujarat, India quality of wheat flour vermicelli. Aloe vera based vermicelli were prepared using seventeen treatment formulations of Aloe vera juice (18%, 20%, 22% and 24%), isabgol husk (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) Dev Raj and wheat flour (100% - % Aloe vera juice and % isabgol husk) along with standard formulation (18% Department of Post-harvest water and 82% wheat flour). Prepared vermicelli after cold extrusion were dried in dryer at 50°C Technology, ASPEE College of temperature for 10 min to remove moisture up to 8 % followed by cooling at room temperature, packing Horticulture and Forestry, in PP bags and storage at room temperature for six months for periodical analysis of microbial quality. Navsari Agricultural University, The results of the present investigation indicate that the vermicelli prepared using 24% Aloe vera juice, Navsari, Gujarat, India 1% isabgol husk and 75% wheat flour (F13) were found to resist microbial growth during six month of storage. HG Suthar Department of Post-harvest Keywords: Aloe vera juice, isabgol husk, wheat flour, extruder, vermicelli, water activity, total plate Technology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, count and storage Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India Introduction Vermicelli is an important cereal based extruded staple food conventionally made from refined PB Zinzala wheat flour using 18-20 % water.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    nature publishing group CLINICAL AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 1 see related editorial on page x The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis REVIEW Paul Moayyedi , BSc, MB, ChB, PhD, MPH, FRCP, FRCPC, AGAF, FACG 1 , Eamonn M.M. Quigley , MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI 2 , Brian E. Lacy , MD, PhD, FACG3 , A n t h o n y J . L e m b o , M D , F A C G 4 , Yu r i A . S a i t o , M D , M P H , F A C G 5 , Lawrence R. Schiller , MD, FACP, FACG6 , E d y E . S o ff er , MD, FACG 7 , Brennan M.R. Spiegel , MD, MSHS, FACG8 and Alexander C. Ford , MB, ChB, MD 9 , 10 OBJECTIVES: Fiber has been used for many years to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This approach had fallen out of favor until a recent resurgence, which was based on new randomized controlled trial (RCT) data that suggested it might be effective. We have previously conducted a systematic review of fi ber in IBS, but new RCT data for fi ber therapy necessitate a new analysis; thus, we have conducted a systematic review of this intervention. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched up to December 2013. Trials recruiting adults with IBS, which compared fi ber supplements with placebo, control therapy, or “ usual management ” , were eligible. Dichotomous symptom data were pooled to obtain a relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic after therapy as well as number needed to treat (NNT) with a 95 % confi dence interval (CI).
    [Show full text]
  • Plantago Media L.—Explored and Potential Applications of an Underutilized Plant
    plants Review Plantago media L.—Explored and Potential Applications of an Underutilized Plant Radu Claudiu Fierascu 1,2, Irina Fierascu 1,3,* , Alina Ortan 3 and Alina Paunescu 4 1 National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; fi[email protected] 2 Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania 3 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; [email protected] 4 Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pitesti, 1 Targu din Vale Str., Pitesti, 110040 Arges, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The search of valuable natural compounds should be directed towards alternative vegetal resources, and to the re-discovery of underutilized plants. Belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, the hoary plantain (Plantago media L.) represents one of the lesser studied species from the Plantago genus. The literature study revealed the under-utilization of the hoary plantain, a surprising aspect, considering its widespread. If the composition of Plantago media L. is rather well established, its applications are not nearly studied as for other Plantago species. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the findings regarding the applications of P. media, and, having as starting point the applications of related species, to propose new emerging areas of research, such as the biomedical applications validation through in vivo assays, and the evaluation of its potential towards indus- trial applications (i.e., development of food or personal care products), pisciculture or zootechny, phytoremediation and other environmental protection applications, or in the nanotechnology area Citation: Fierascu, R.C.; Fierascu, I.; (materials phytosynthesis).
    [Show full text]
  • Herb-Drug Interaction Introduction
    Herb-Drug Interaction Introduction • Herbal drugs are defined as any form of a plant or plant product that contains a single herb or combinations of herbs that are believed to have complementary effects. • Although they are considered to be safe, because they are natural, they may have various adverse effects, and may interact with other herbal products or conventional drugs. These interactions are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. • Because herbs are sold as food supplements, companies are not required to prove their efficacy. • Side effects or interactions are also not required to be determined or disclosed. • No government agency reviews these products for safety, dosage, or quality. • However, 2621 adverse events associated with dietary supplements, including 101 deaths, were reported to the FDA over a 5-year period. • Multiple ingredients are present in the same bottle. • Products are sometimes mislabeled or misidentified • Potency can vary depending on the climate and soil in which the herbs are grown. Drug-Herb Interactions • Pharmacokinetic interactions : Having to do with absorption, distribution, and metabolism. • Pharmacodynamic interactions: Additive activity meaning that certain herbs increase the actions of certain medications. Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Absorption • Some herbs have hydrocollated carbohydrate components such as gums and mucliage. • These are soluble in water but poorly absorbable. • Examples are psyllium, rhubarb, flaxseed, and marshmallow. • Bind to other drugs, particularly when consumed in their whole or powdered forms. • Psyllium inhibits the absorption of lithium. • Rhubarb and aloe can cause diarrhea which reduces the actions of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index (digoxin, warfarin) Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Distribution • Meadowsweet and black willow contain pain reducing salicylates.
    [Show full text]
  • DAILY FIBER- Psyllium Husks Powder, for Solution CVS Pharmacy, Inc. Disclaimer
    DAILY FIBER- psyllium husks powder, for solution CVS Pharmacy, Inc. Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies. ---------- 1936A - CVS Drug Facts Active ingredient (in each Stick Pack) Psyllium Husk, approximately 3.4 g Purpose Bulk-forming Laxative Uses effective in treating occasional constipation and restoring regularity Warnings Choking: Taking this product without adequate fluid may cause it to swell and block your throat or esophagus and may cause choking. Do not take this product if you have difficulty in swallowing. If you experience chest pain, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing or breathing after taking this product, seek immediate medical attention. Allergy alert: This product may cause an allergic reaction in people sensitive to inhaled or ingested psyllium. Ask a doctor before use if you have a sudden change in bowel habits persisting for 2 weeks abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting Stop use and ask a doctor if constipation lasts more than 7 days rectal bleeding occurs These may be signs of a serious condition. Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Directions Put one dose into an empty glass. Mix this product (child or adult dose) with at least 8 ounces (a full glass) of water or other fluid. Taking this product without enough liquid may cause choking. See choking warning. Stir briskly and drink promptly. If mixture thickens, add more liquid and stir.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Psyllium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile
    http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2020.29 Open Access Original Article International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2020, 184–191 ISSN 2330- 4456 Effect of Psyllium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Non-diabetic Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Fatemeh Pourbehi1 ID , Parvin Ayremlou2, Alireza Mehdizadeh3, Rasoul Zarrin4* ID Abstract Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in women. In addition, the risk of type- 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance is higher among women with PCOS. Psyllium can reduce the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance, and lipid profile. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of psyllium supplementation on insulin resistance and the lipid profile in non-diabetic women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 54 eligible non-diabetic women with PCOS aged 18-45 were recruited from an endocrinology clinic and divided into 2 groups based on their body mass index (BMI) through stratified-block randomization. Participants in intervention and placebo groups received 5 g of psyllium or cellulose microcrystalline twice a day for 8 weeks. Fasting insulin, FBS, and insulin resistance indicators including HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR, along with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the lipid profile were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In the psyllium group, the FBS, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HOMA1-IR, and HOMA2-IR indicators decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks, but the changes were not significant in the placebo group.
    [Show full text]