UNU-IIST International Institute for Software Technology
UNU-IIST Annual Report 2004
Chris George and Wendy Hoi Iok Wa
March 2005
UNU-IIST Report No. 314 A UNU-IIST and UNU-IIST Reports
UNU-IIST (United Nations University International Institute for Software Technology) is a Research and Training Centre of the United Nations University (UNU). It is based in Macau, and was founded in 1991. It started operations in July 1992. UNU-IIST is jointly funded by the Governor of Macau and the governments of the People’s Republic of China and Portugal through a contribution to the UNU Endownment Fund. As well as providing two-thirds of the endownment fund, the Macau authorities also supply UNU-IIST with its office premises and furniture and subsidise fellow accommodation.
The mission of UNU-IIST is to assist developing countries in the application and development of software technology.
UNU-IIST contributes through its programmatic activities:
1. Advanced development projects, in which software techniques supported by tools are applied, 2. Research projects, in which new techniques for software development are investigated, 3. Curriculum development projects, in which courses of software technology for universities in devel- oping countries are developed, 4. University development projects, which complement the curriculum development projects by aiming to strengthen all aspects of computer science teaching in universities in developing countries, 5. Schools and Courses, which typically teach advanced software development techniques, 6. Events, in which conferences and workshops are organised or supported by UNU-IIST, and 7. Dissemination, in which UNU-IIST regularly distributes to developing countries information on international progress of software technology.
Fellows, who are young scientists and engineers from developing countries, are invited to actively partic- ipate in all these projects. By doing the projects they are trained.
At present, the technical focus of UNU-IIST is on formal methods for software development. UNU-IIST is an internationally recognised center in the area of formal methods. However, no software technique is universally applicable. We are prepared to choose complementary techniques for our projects, if necessary.
UNU-IIST produces a report series. Reports are either Research R , Technical T , Compendia C or Administrative A . They are records of UNU-IIST activities and research and development achievements. Many of the reports are also published in conference proceedings and journals.
Please write to UNU-IIST at P.O. Box 3058, Macau or visit UNU-IIST’s home page: http://www.iist.unu.edu, if you would like to know more about UNU-IIST and its report series.
Mike Reed, Director UNU-IIST International Institute for Software Technology
P.O. Box 3058 Macau
UNU-IIST Annual Report 2004
Chris George and Wendy Hoi Iok Wa
Abstract
This document covers UNU-IIST activities in 2004. It describes the implementation of UNU- IIST’s research, development, and training projects, its reports, and its publications. Copyright °c 2005 UNU-IIST Contents i
Contents
1 Executive Summary 1 1.1 Projects ...... 1 1.2 Training ...... 1 1.3 Events ...... 2 1.4 Staff ...... 2
2 Status of implementation of project activities 3 2.1 Models for Internet-based programming ...... 3 2.2 Hardware/software codesign ...... 4 2.3 Formal Methods for Object and Component Systems ...... 4 2.4 Design techniques for real-time embedded systems ...... 7 2.5 Software Testing ...... 8 2.6 Open Source Software Development ...... 9 2.7 Formal methods tools and applications ...... 10 2.8 e-learning ...... 10 2.9 Research in the UN ...... 11 2.10 e-Macao: Development of e-Government for Macao ...... 12 2.11 Development of Computer Science Departments in Developing Countries . . . . . 14 2.12 IT Training Courses and Schools in Developing Countries ...... 16
3 Postgraduate training/teaching activities 17 3.1 Fellowships ...... 17 3.2 Supervisions ...... 18
4 Publications and dissemination 18 4.1 Publications ...... 18 4.1.1 UNU-IIST reports ...... 18 4.1.2 External Publications ...... 18 4.2 Tutorials ...... 19 4.3 Dissemination ...... 19
5 List of academic meetings and events 19
6 UN and host country linkages 20 6.1 Other collaborative projects ...... 21
7 Personnel/staffing situation 21
8 Tables of fellowships, schools and courses 22
A Fellowships 23
B Personnel 24 B.1 Staff ...... 24 B.2 Post-doctoral Fellows and Project Staff ...... 25
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau Contents ii
B.3 Visiting Researchers ...... 25
C Schools and Courses 25 C.1 Schools ...... 25 C.2 Courses ...... 27
D List of External Publications 27
References 30
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau Executive Summary 1
1 Executive Summary
1.1 Projects
The e-Macao project to develop a basis for e-government in Macao, and to train government staff in the relevant technologies was formally inaugurated in July 2004. The project, funded by the Macao government, lasts for two years. It is now well under way: a project manager, post-doctoral fellow and three other project staff have been appointed, a Macao e-Government survey and a global e-Government survey have been completed, and intensive training of IT staff from the Macao Government has been taking place since October 2004.
The on-line repository of research materials has been established as a prototype at http:// run.iist.unu.edu. So far it only contains UNU materials; we hope soon to attract other UN agencies.
We still hope to establish collaborative projects on water resource management (together with UNU-INWEH) and on the certification of open source software (with partners in Europe).
UNU-IIST needs to maintain its academic excellence through research. Current key research areas are internet computing, hardware/software co-design, object-oriented and component- based development, hybrid systems, testing, open-source software, electronic government, and formal methods tools and applications. The research projects have been very active this year, demonstrated by the large number of publications: 33. We have also produced 26 technical reports.
1.2 Training
UNU-IIST’s main concern is the development of software technology in developing countries, and it concentrates on capacity building through postgraduate training.
Training takes three forms: fellowships at UNU-IIST (17 fellows from 8 countries started fellow- ships during 2004), fellowships for computer science lecturers and for PhD students at universities in developed countries (5 fellows from 5 countries to 4 partner universities), and schools/courses in developing countries. Schools last 2–4 weeks, have regional participation, and involve a num- ber of courses, some taught by UNU-IIST staff, some by experts from developed countries, and some by people from the host country. In 2004 UNU-IIST, together with local partners, organ- ised 5 schools in Kazakhstan, Vietnam, China (2), and Brazil, and sponsored one in Slovakia. Training courses are usually taught by UNU-IIST staff, and in 2004 we organised 7 courses in Mozambique, Argentina (2), Peru, Nigeria, India, and China.
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1.3 Events
We have organised the first International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (IC- TAC) in Guizhou, China. The initiative aims to extend the traditional UNU-IIST training courses and schools, which may not be so attractive to young but established researchers. The colloquium includes both research oriented presentations and tutorials in order for us to reach out to meet those potential researchers from developing countries and to help them to establish links with researchers from developed countries. The response to the first such colloquium has been good, attracting some 111 papers from over 30 countries and regions, plus a number of excellent tutorials. We have already started planning the second ICTAC in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2005.
UNU-IIST has also sponsored SEFM 2004 in Beijing, and offered travel scholarships for people to attend.
The project “Development of Computer Science Departments in Developing Countries” sends young computer science lecturers from developing countries to partner universities in industrial countries for a semester to learn new courses and introduce them to their departments. This year, as well as surveying participants, we have organised two workshops, in Nigeria and Vietnam, to further disseminate the results and evaluate the project.
1.4 Staff
Chris George has been Director a.i. since March 2003. Prof Mike Reed has accepted the position and should start at the beginning of 2005.
Dr. Antonio Cerone joined UNU-IIST as a Research Fellow in February 2004. Antonio was pre- viously at the Software Verification Research Centre at the University of Queensland, Australia. He is an expert in formal methods, particularly models for concurrency and model checking.
A second vacancy has been filled by the appointment of Dr. Tomasz Janowski, who was previ- ously a Research Fellow during 1995–2002.
UNU-IIST has appointed its first post-doctoral fellow, Dr Adegboyega Ojo, who is working on the e-Macao project, and plans to appoint more such fellows on research projects in the near future.
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2 Status of implementation of project activities
2.1 Models for Internet-based programming
Staff responsible He Jifeng
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 76 250
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 23 101 (30%)
Project abstract Recent distributed computing projects have been designed to use the com- puters of hundreds of thousands of volunteers all over the world, via the Internet. The last ten years have seen a marked interest in Internet-based technology, spanning applications as diverse as information retrieval, intelligent user interface design, knowledge manage- ment. We aim to tackle the following features of Internet-based systems
• autonomy • mobility • proactivity and reactivity • cooperation
The project plans to cover the following topics
1. semantic models for Internet-based systems 2. specification and design techniques based on the so-called “good enough” ordering 3. conceptual models for Internet-based software
Status and plans The project has produced
1. A contract-oriented model for internet-based computing [1, 2] 2. A set of algebraic laws for internet-based systems [3] 3. Link between simulation and refinement [4]
We plan to deal with the following issues
1. a formal model for internet-based software architecture and its applications in analysis of design pattern 2. interface consistency of internet-based software
Sources of funding UNU-IIST. The 973 Project (no.2002CB312001) of the MoST of China will also provide travel money for Chinese collaborators.
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2.2 Hardware/software codesign
Staff responsible He Jifeng
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 76 250
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 36 844 (48%)
Project abstract Hardware/software codesign is a design technique which delivers computer systems comprising hardware and software components. This project aims to provide a tool-based design technique in support of design of hardware/software mixed systems. In particular we concern with the reconfiguration issue of the hardware, where the resource allocation strategy has to be optimised. Traditional system specifications always abstract from resources. However, it is unavoid- able to append resource constraints in later system implementation. This project will cope with the following topics
1. a hierarchy of formal models for programs with limited resources and pre-compiler specification 2. optimisation of software/hardware partitioning strategies
Status and Plans The progress has been made in the following areas:
1. Resource model and pre-compiler specification [5] 2. Partitioning algorithm for various software-hardware architectures [6, 7]
We plan to pursue the following topics
1. Reconfiguration scheme and its implementation 2. Optimisation of compiler for the SIMD CPU.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
2.3 Formal Methods for Object and Component Systems
Staff responsible He Jifeng, Zhiming Liu
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 76 250
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 60 819 (79%)
Project abstract The idea to exploit and reuse components to build and to maintain software systems goes back to “structured programming” in the 70s. It was a strong argument for development of object oriented methods and languages in the 80s. However, it is today’s growing complexity of systems that forces us to turn this idea into practice. So far, there is no agreement on standard technologies for designing and creating components,
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nor on methods of composing them. Finding appropriate formal approaches for describing components, the architectures for composing them, and the methods for component-based software construction, is correspondingly challenging. This project investigates the key issues in application of the technology. These include: the consistency problems of integration of different views of a component, component compo- sition, component coordination, component composition, component system reconfigura- tion, component reuse, and transformation for platforms. We focus on the development of theories and methods that help the understanding the ideas of model-based development, including the notions of interfaces, contracts, services, connectors and architecture; and support the analysis and synthesis of component systems. A number of possible avenues have been identified:
1. Formal models and refinement for object-oriented systems 2. Formalising UML 3. Formal models of component systems 4. Relating OO and component-based development 5. Applications of the techniques to network computing and mobile computing (relating to models for internet-based programming). 6. Application of the method to formal support of design patterns and architectural description 7. Application of OO and component-based approach to real-time and fault-tolerant systems 8. Looking at the application of the formal techniques to Enterprise Javabeans
Main achievements include:
OO Specification Language We have defined a notation, rCOS (used to be known as OOL), for specifying object-oriented designs and given it a predicative semantics [8, 9]. The model supports stepwise refinement in OO development. He Jifeng, Liu Zhiming from UNU-IIST, Li Xiaoshan (from the University of Macao) and Qin Shengchao (from the National University of Singapore) have contributed to this. Integration of UML Models We have applied rCOS to give a formal semantics of UML models [10, 11, 12, 13], to provide formal integration of UML models [14, 15, 16, 17], and to deal with consistency problems and consistent refinement of UML models [15, 18]. The model and methods have been integrated in the Rational Unified De- velopment Process (RUP) [15, 18, 16, 17]. He Jifeng, Zhiming Liu from UNU-IIST, Li Xiaoshan from the University of Macao, Yifeng Chen from the University of Le- icester (UK), and three fellows, Liu Jing Yang Jing and Long Quan, from China have contributed to this work. Model Component Systems We have defined a contract-oriented model for component systems. This model defines a component at three levels of abstraction: interfaces for syntactic description of dependencies, contracts for specification of functional depen- dencies, and components for specification of design and implementation. Operators
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for service extension, service restriction and composition are also defined. Replace- ability of components is defined by the classical notion of refinement and laws of refinement are provided [19, 9, 20]. Applications and Tool Development We have started to look at the application of the models for object and component system to the formal specification of CORBA and JavaBeans [21, 22], and at tool support for automatic prototype generation from UML requirement models [23]. He Jifeng, Zhiming Liu from UNU-IIST, Li Xiaoshan from the University of Macao, and fellows Long Quan from China and Bhim Prasad Upadhyaya from Nepal have contributed to this part. External Seminars, Presentations and Lectures In addition to the publications re- ferred to above, Zhiming Liu give a talk on Contract-Equipped Components at an invitation-only Workshop on Predictable Software Component Assembly on 20–21 May 2004 at the University of Manchester(http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~wangz0/ CologNet_Workshop.html), a seminar on UML: Promises, Problems and Solutions at the University of De Montfort University (UK) on 27 May 2004, a seminar on Contract-Oriented Development of Component Systems at the Institute of Software of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on 27 July 2004, and a seminar on Formal In- tegration of UML Models at Peking University on 28 July 2004, Integration and Refinement of UML Models at Tata Institute of Foundemental Research in India on 27 December 2004, Formal Support to UML Model Transformations at Tata Research and Design Development Centre, Pune, India on 30 December 2004. He Jifeng and Zhiming Liu are currently editing a review volume on Mathematical Frameworks for Component Software — Models for Analysis and Synthesis, that is to be published by World Scientific. Training activities In 2003, we gave two courses on Object-Oriented Software Devel- opment with UML, one at a training school in Guiyang, China and one at the East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. (See appendix C.1). The lec- ture notes are available in the form of a UNU-IIST technical report [24]. Five fellows, Liu Jing, Yang Jing, Long Quan, Chen Yuxin from China, and Bhim Upad- hyaya from Nepal have worked on the project and contributed to the publications [23, 11, 15, 14, 16, 17, 21, 22, 13]. Bhim Upadhyaya is also finishing his MSc thesis [25] supervised by Zhiming Liu.
Status and plans We will continue this project and make further investigations into the link between the semantics of OO and component-based programming, and extend our speci- fication language to cover more aspects such as exceptions and protocols of components. We will work on the extension of the theory to deal with concurrency, real-time, fault- tolerance, and web-based computing. Some work has started with real-time [26].
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
Collaborations We have close collaboration with the University of Leicester (UK), the Uni- versity of Macau and the National University of Singapore. Collaboration between the two groups at UNU-IIST has also been good on this project [27].
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2.4 Design techniques for real-time embedded systems
Staff responsible Dang Van Hung
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 76 250
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 27 409 (35%)
Project abstract As a continuation of the project “Specification and Design of Hybrid Sys- tems”, this project focuses on techniques for the development of the software component of embedded systems. Embedded systems are Real-time Hybrid systems in which com- puters with digital control programs are embedded to control the systems to meet their requirements. Our research has a focus on:
• Component-based architecting and distribution of components • Schedulability analysis-based resource usage of components and resource constraints • Performance enhancement through introducing more concurrency and reducing block- ing times • Combination between real-time UML and formal techniques for real-time embedded systems development that have been developed in the previous stage of the project in UNU-IIST.
Our main achievements include
Formal model for real-time component-based systems Using the UTP approach, we add to the specification of a method a time constraint which is a relation be- tween the resource availability and the amount of time spent to perform the method. We define a contract to include method specifications, and define a component as an implementation of a contract. Our model supports the separation between func- tional and non-functional requirements, and the formal compositional verification of component-based real-time systems [26, 28]. Model-checking techniques for real-time component-based systems We introduce a formal model of real-time component systems using duration automata. From the simplicity of the system structure and of duration automata in comparison to timed automata, we can develop a model checking technique with the complexity much lower than using a timed automata model (a report is under preparation). We also develop a technique for checking linear duration invariants of timed automata [29] which is more powerful than the ones in the literature. We also develop a technique for checking a real-time system with untimed SPIN [30]. Techniques for specification and reasoning about real-time systems We develop a general technique for integrating temporal logics and to derive TLA Designs of Timed Automata from Durational Specifications [31, 32].
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
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2.5 Software Testing
Staff responsible Bernhard K. Aichernig
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 98,500
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 23 519 (23%)
Project abstract This research project is concerned with the automated generation of test- cases from formal requirements specifications as well as with the associated testing theo- ries. This includes the investigation of existing testing, specification and refinement tech- niques. The aim is to develop testing theories that are able to unify the existing results on specification-based testing.
Fault-based Testing: Fault-based testing is a technique where testers anticipate errors in a system under test in order to asses or generate test cases. The idea is to have enough test cases capable of detecting these anticipated errors. We apply this method on the specification level. We were able to transfer our previous results on specification mutation testing [33] to Hoare & He’s Unifying Theory of Programming. The result is a fault-based testing theory as well as two new test case generation techniques for detecting anticipated faults: one is based on the semantic level of design specifications, the other on the algebraic properties of a programming language. This work has been submitted to be included in a special issue of the Formal Aspects of Computing Journal and is currently in a revision phase [34]. Previous work on a test case generator for RAISE has been accepted for publication [35]. This work combines algebraic and model-based test case generation techniques. A new fault-based test case generator for OCL has reached a prototype level. Fault- based testing is a technique where testers anticipate errors in a system under test in order to assess or generate test cases. The idea is to have enough test cases capable of detecting these anticipated errors. We translated our general testing theory to a constraint satisfaction problem and implemented a constraint solver for finding test cases for given errors. The work has been submitted to FM 2005 [36]. A fault-based testing method for distributed systems has been developed. Here, we used the CADP tools 1 to generate test cases from event-based specifications. As a case study parts of the HTML protocol have been modeled in order to test web-servers for common faults [37]. Bootstrap Testing: This is a continuation of Armando Haeberer’s work on testing. We were able to relate his work which is inspired from philosophy of science to our own testing theory and clarified the issues he raised. This work highlights situations in which testing fails to report correct results due to incompleteness of implementa- tion relations and provides techniques to overcome these problems. This work was accepted for presentation at PRISE 2004 [38].
1http://www.inrialpes.fr/vasy/cadp/
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau Status of implementation of project activities 9
Semantics: A pre-requisite for any systematic testing method is a clear definition of the semantics of the artefacts involved. We worked on UML semantics [39, 40] as well as on a component calculus that will be the base for a coalgebraic testing theory for components. Training activities: We gave one course on Foundations of Software Testing at Hue University, Vietnam, Aug 30 – Sep 3, 2004.
Status and plans The project has reached a level where theory can be turned into tools. In 2004 the project generated 3 already accepted papers, 4 papers under review and one book chapter. In addition, a test case generator prototype has been developed. We plan to continue our work on fault-based testing techniques both on the theoretical and applied (tool) level. Next steps include transferring our testing theory to concurrent systems (CSP), working on a coalgebraic testing theory for components, and extending our test case generator.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
Collaborations University of Minho, Braga, Portugal and Peking University, China.
2.6 Open Source Software Development
Staff responsible Bernhard K. Aichernig
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 98 667
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 10 268 (10%)
Project abstract Open source software is increasingly important for public and industrial organisations, but its quality can be very hard to measure. This makes its use a risk. This risk could be substantially reduced if there were appropriate standards, supported by analysis tools, for certifying such software. Defining such standards, and developing an online infrastructure in which independently developed analysis tools can be inserted is the vision of this project. A second, long-term, goal is the creation of an international certification authority for open source software, ideally under the umbrella of the United Nations. To achieve its objectives the project intends to bring together techniques for certification, program understanding, validation, and verification, culminating in a framework for mon- itoring, evaluating, and certifying open source software products. While not intended to directly change the process of open source development, some effect on that process is likely as certification becomes common.
Status and plans The project still seeks for external funding. A project proposal for the European Framework VI Call 2 was not successful. The consortium currently is improving the proposal and aims to resubmit. A 2-days project meeting was held at TU Graz, Austria in May.
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Sources of funding UNU-IIST
Collaborations Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), Sidereus (Portugal), Soft- ware Improvement Group (The Netherlands), TU Graz (Austria), TUV¨ (Germany), Uni- versity of Minho (Portugal).
2.7 Formal methods tools and applications
Staff responsible Chris George
Budget for 2004–5 USD 98 667
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 86 713 (87%)
Project abstract We will continue to develop the RAISE tools, particularly in integrating them with OO and graphical approaches. We will also seek opportunities to work on suitable applications, especially in collaborative projects
Status and Plans There have been three activities in 2004:
• A description of an infrastructure to support mobile computing was developed by Satyajit Acharya from Hyderabad, India as part of his PhD [41]. • The testing capacity of the tools has been increased with the addition of support for mutation testing and test-coverage analysis. • The translator from UML to RSL [42] was included in the release after Ana Funes contributed the relevant section of the user guide.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
2.8 e-learning
Staff responsible He Jifeng
Project abstract This project aims to develop a distance learning capability. Tianjin Univer- sity of Science and Technology (UoST) in China is keen to work with us using a distance learning infrastructure system they have developed, sending two fellows to Macao. This will (a) help us develop courses to be available in this format and (b) perhaps open up another possibility of a funded project in Macao.
Status and plans Fellows from UoST have installed the software system in support of distance learning in the UNU-IIST, and experimented on a short course using the equipment and facilities provided by University of Macau to connect classrooms in Macao and Tianjin. The connection cost, however, proved prohibitive: USD 250 for one 45-minute lecture. We have invited two more fellows from Tianjin UoST and plan to make some courseware and provide a series of e-learning courses on XML in support of the training programme
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of the e-Macao project. This will be based on using local connections to run courses in real time, and on making the courseware available via the UNU-IIST website.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST
2.9 Research in the UN
Staff responsible Antonio Cerone
Budgetary provision for 2004 USD 31 600
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 22 109 (76%)
Project abstract This project originated from a proposal made at CONDIR 25 to develop an on-line repository of UNU research materials, possibly to be extended to other UN agencies. The project started on December 2003 with the selection and adaptation of the open source library package DSpace and the creation of a prototype, which has been so far populated with reports from IAS, IIST, INTECH and WIDER. All data is held on a web server maintained by UNU-IIST and located in Macao. This centralised implementation will allow the repository to act as an archive for long-term protection of the data and provide robust and efficient access for users. Eventually each collection will be managed separately, with the data extended and edited remotely using on-line forms by the organisation that owns it.
Development of the Prototype The project started on December 2003 with the selec- tion and adaptation of the open source library package DSpace and the subsequent creation of a prototype. Materials are organised into ”communities”. Each commu- nity contains materials from a single UN agency and is partitioned into ”collections”. Collections can be browsed and searched, and global search is also possible. Search is on some of the meta-data associated with each entry. Currently the only commu- nity available is UNU, which is partitioned into 4 collections: UNU-IAS, UNU-IIST, UNU-INTECH and UNU-WIDER. Populating the Prototype So far the prototype has been populated with research re- ports from IAS, IIST, INTECH and WIDER and we hope soon to add reports from other UNU centres and programmes, and in the future from other UN agencies. The initial populating of the repository has been handled by requesting data, as pdf files or whatever other format, and meta-data (authors, title, abstract, keywords, etc.) in whatever form it was currently held and converting it to the required format, which also needed some extensions in order to cater for the needs of particular collections.
Status and plans We have recently
• started discussing with UNU librarians a uniform subject classification scheme for the reports;
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• asked collection owners to test the prototype with insertion and removal of dummy material and give us feedback to help us design the final version.
So far response to the prototype has been very positive.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST (50%) and Macao Foundation (50%).
2.10 e-Macao: Development of e-Government for Macao
Staff responsible Tomasz Janowski
Budget for 2004–5 USD 405 967
Amounts expended by end 2004 USD 261 794 (64%)
Project abstract e-Macao is a two-year cooperative research, development and capacity-building project in the area of e-government. The aim of the project is to advance the state of e- government in Macao through software research and development, and specialised training of the government IT staff. The technical focus is on middleware support for e-services, delivered by government agencies to citizens (G2C), businesses (G2B) or other agencies (G2G), and implemented using sound, rigorous software development methods. The project consists of 20 tasks in four activity areas:
Training A range of courses is delivered about technologies relevant for e-government, such as: UML, Java Enterprise Programming, Java Web Services, XML Processing, and others. The training is addressed to management- or technical-level government IT staff. One or two people are selected from each major agency to attend the courses and carry out supervised development (core team). Another team attends the courses only (extended team), later to be supervised by the core team members. Development The activity starts with a survey of e-government in Macao, including information-finding visits to 44 major government agencies, and a questionnaire to record their structure, services, resources and online presence. After the survey, the team will develop three concrete e-government services delivered to citizens (G2C), businesses (G2B) and government (G2G), then carry out design and implementation of middleware software to facilitate the delivery and administration of such services in general. Research This activity aims to build a solid foundation to make informed decisions con- cerning the development of e-government (the product) and the training in applicable methodologies (the process). Exchange This activity aims to disseminate the results obtained during the research and development activities among all project staff and trainees via seminars, workshops and the project website. The activity also supports visits by international experts to share their experience in e-government, and missions to attend major e-government conferences and meetings by the project team.
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The project officially started on 1 July 2004.
Status and plans The status of individual tasks is as follows:
Task 1 - Macao e-Government Survey: A service-oriented agency questionnaire was created and discussed among project members and government managers. Data about 44 agencies participating in the survey was collected through the questionnaire, visits to the agencies and independent review of their websites. Reports containing the findings were written for all 44 agencies, and subjected to the official review process. Task 2 - Global e-Government Survey: A questionnaire to carry out review of gov- ernment websites was created and discussed among project members. Four global e-government surveys by UN, Accenture, Brown University and Economist/IBM, and 67 government websites were reviewed, and the data was collected and analysed. Task 10 - Missions: Project team attended two conferences: 4th International Confer- ence on E-Commerce, E-Business, E-Government (I3E), Toulouse, France, August 2004, and 3rd International Conference on e-Government (eGov), Zaragoza, Spain, August - September 2004. Task 11 - Visitors: Dr. Vassilios Peristeras from the Greek National Centre for Public Administration and Local Government and Prof. Noshir Contractor from the Uni- versity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign visited the e-Macao project during October- December to share their experience on e-government and offer comments on the project. Each gave a seminar. Task 12 - Website: The project website http://www.emacao.gov.mo was established to provide access to all project documents, reports and announcements. The website is password-protected. Task 13 - Workshops: The Domain Analysis-Concluding Workshop took place in De- cember, including presentations about the findings of the Tasks 1 and 2, and pre- sentations by 11 cross-agency development teams formed by the government trainees (core team). Task 14 - Project Seminars: Five seminars took place in 2004 attended by government staff: Introduction to e-Government by Tomasz Janowski (twice); The Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA): A Blueprint for e-Government Development by Vas- silios Peristeras; Object-Oriented Principles by Robert P. Biuk-Aghai; and Coevo- lution of Knowledge Networks and 21st Century Organizational Forms by Noshir Contractor. Task 15 - IT Heads Training: The 36-hour training “e-Government: Concepts, Method- ology, Technologies, Strategies” for management-level IT staff from Macao Govern- ment was prepared and delivered in October. 61 staff from 40 agencies attended this training. Task 16 - Core Team Technology Training: Two courses: “Java Workshop” and “Object- Oriented Analysis and Design with UML” were prepared and delivered twice to the core team (groups C and D, 24 students each). The first was delivered in November and the second in December.
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Task 17 - Core Team Development: The core team is carrying out supervised soft- ware development in 11 project teams, by applying the skills learned during the courses. The scope of each project has been defined to include the interest of the team members and their agencies.
Sources of funding Macao Government, through the Macao Foundation
Collaborations UNU-IIST partners on the project are Macao Government, University of Macau and INESC-Macau.
2.11 Development of Computer Science Departments in Developing Coun- tries
Staff responsible Dang Van Hung
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 130 000
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 35 705 (27%)
Project abstract This project aims to strengthen all aspects of computer science teaching in universities in developing countries. Under the project, we are trying to arrange for (generally young) computer science lectur- ers or professors from universities in developing countries to learn new courses at partner universities in industrialised countries for one semester as a fellow, at the same time pro- viding them with the supporting course materials. Then when they return to their own universities they use the knowledge they gain, together with the supporting course mate- rials, as the basis for improving and updating existing courses or introducing new courses into the teaching curriculum of their own university. With our arrangement, the part- ner universities provide the use of their facilities free of charge and in particular without payment of tuition fees. UNU-IIST provides recommended text books for each of the courses the fellows study, and these text books become the property of the fellows’ home department when they return.
Status of implementation In the year 2004, 4 lecturers from 4 universities in 4 developing countries have been trained under the project. See appendix A for the complete list of the fellowships by the project in 2004. This figure is less than planned as we do not have chance to find good candidates and one fellow from Bangladesh was offered a place in Queensland University twice, but at last turned down our invitation in order to take a PhD study in India. In order to evaluate the impact of the project, a survey among the ex-DCSDep fellows has been made. 17 (out of 40) fellows have responded to the questionnaire. According to the results, the DCSDep fellowships have very good contributions to the development and improvement of the Computer Science curriculum of the home universities of the fellows. Some new courses and new content have been introduced in their home universities as a result of their fellowship. However, the fellows have only limited opportunities to share
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the knowledge they gained during the fellowships with other universities in their home countries. UNU-IIST organised two workshops, one in Ibadan, Nigeria, 19–23 October, 2004, and one in Hanoi, Vietnam, 28–31 December, 2004 to disseminate and to evaluate the fellowship results. The workshops attracted a great attention from the universities in Nigeria and in Vietnam: the number of regular participants of each workshop was 40. Our fellows gave interesting presentations in the workshops sharing their knowledge with others. There were also presentations from other university lecturers to exchange their experiences in computer science curriculum development. We also invited 4 fellows from Palestine, Peru and DPRK (2) to Macao to revise and develop computer science curricula for their departments under the supervision of our staff. The results of their work are reported in 4 UNU-IIST reports [43, 44, 45, 46].
Partner Institutions in Developing Countries So far 19 institutions in developing coun- tries have benefited from this project. They are (with currently active ones marked by ∗): Mongolian Technical University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia University of Natural Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ∗ University of Natural Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam Hanoi University of Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ha Tay, Vietnam University of Dschang, Cameroon University of Yaound´eI, Yaound´e,Cameroon University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Chittagong University, Bangladesh Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Kathmandu University, Nepal Gui Zhou University, Gui Yang, China Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China Xian University of Post and Telecommunications, Xian, China Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Northwest University, Xian, China National University of Laos Nong Lam University, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam Technological University of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan ∗ University Of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria ∗ University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe ∗ University of Catamarca, Argentina ∗ University of Science and Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh ∗ Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
Partner Institutions in Industrialised Countries 11 institutions in industrial countries have
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been involved in training lecturers from developing countries in this project. They are (with currently active ones marked by ∗): Queen’s University, Belfast, UK ∗ University of Leicester, UK University of Oxford, UK ∗ University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia University of Toronto, Canada University of York, UK ∗ University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ∗ Swinburne University of Technology, Australia ∗ South Bank University, London, UK ∗ National University of Singapore ∗ Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea ∗ Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands ∗ De Montfort University, Leicester, England ∗ Ball State University, USA
Status and plans Currently ongoing.
Sources of funding UNU-IIST and partner institutions in industrialised countries.
2.12 IT Training Courses and Schools in Developing Countries
Staff responsible Chris George, He Jifeng, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Antonio Cerone, Dang Van Hung, and Liu Zhiming
Budgetary provision for 2004–5 USD 217 000
Amount expended by end 2004 USD 184 235 (84%)
Project abstract Under the project IT Training Courses and Schools in Developing Countries, UNU-IIST aims to disseminate sound modern approaches to software development in de- veloping countries. IT Schools and Courses are organised jointly with host institutions. The courses are in two categories: formal methods and software engineering, and system development. Formal (mathematical) methods are being increasingly used in Europe and the USA and are starting to be important in developing countries. In particular, formal methods are becoming advised or even mandatory for the development of safety-critical and defence software. The aim of the courses is to propagate research into and application of formal software de- velopment techniques, with the hope that developing countries can accelerate their progress in being self sufficient in software technology, and even become providers of services and products elsewhere. The courses on software engineering and system development aim to introduce the ad- vanced methods, techniques and tools that are widely used in industry for software devel-
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opment. They cover project management, object-oriented software development with UML and the Rational Unified Development Process, Component-Based Software Development, and Software Testing. These topics are often taught together with those on formal methods so that the participants can integrate formal methods and practical software engineering in their further study and practice. IT Schools, however, have a wide range of topics in computer science not just in software technology, and consist of several courses. Courses in a school are taught by experts invited from universities and industries as well, not just by UNU-IIST staff.
Status of implementation In 2004, together with their host institutions, UNU-IIST organ- ised or sponsored 6 training schools in Slovakia, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, China (2) and Brazil. About 260 participants from developing countries of all continents attended the schools. See appendix C.1 for details. UNU-IIST staff presented:
• Five courses on formal development using RAISE in Maputo, Mozambique, in San Luis, Argentina, and as part of schools in Star´aLesn´a,Slovakia, in Almaty, Kaza- khstan, and in Zhengzhou, China. • Two courses on software project management in Arequipa, Peru, and as part of a school in Hue, Vietnam. • A course on model checking as part of a school in Hue, Vietnam. • Two courses on foundations of software testing in San Luis, Argentina, and as part of a school in Hue, Vietnam. • One course on the B method as part of a school in Guizhou, China • One course on real-time and fault-tolerant systems as part of a school in Recife, Brazil. • One course on RSL, testing from formal specifications, and UML in Hyderabad, India. • One course on OO software development with UML in Shanghai, China.
See appendix C.2 for the list of courses.
Status and plans Currently ongoing.
Sources of funding Schools and courses are organised on a cost-sharing basis between UNU- IIST and the host institution.
3 Postgraduate training/teaching activities
3.1 Fellowships
During 2004 UNU-IIST has trained 26 fellows from 7 developing countries at UNU-IIST, and 5 fellows from 5 developing countries have studied at a university in a developed country. See appendix A for details.
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3.2 Supervisions
UNU-IIST staff have been involved in supervising 4 PhD students and 1 Masters student during 2004.
• Chris George is PhD Thesis adviser for Mr Satyajit Acharya from the University of Hy- derabad, India. Mr Acharya’s thesis will be in the field of mobile computing, but the title has not been decided yet. • Dang Van Hung is PhD Thesis adviser for Mr Pham Hong Thai from Hanoi National University, Vietnam (PhD Thesis: Automatic Verification of Duration Constraints of Real- time Systems). • Jifeng He is Masters Thesis adviser for Mr Peng Xiaoqing and Mr Wei Yining from East China Normal University, China. Their thesis titles have not been decided yet. • Zhiming Liu is PhD Thesis adviser for Mr Jing Liu from Shanghai University, China, and Ms Jing Yang from Guizhou University, China. Their thesis titles have not been decided yet. Zhiming is also Masters Thesis adviser for Mr Bhim Prasad Upadhyaya from Kathmandu University, Nepal (Masters Thesis: Formal Model for JavaBeans).
4 Publications and dissemination
4.1 Publications
4.1.1 UNU-IIST reports
In 2004, UNU-IIST staff and fellows have produced 26 reports, which are available for download- ing via the UNU-IIST web page and also available in the UNU-IIST library. These reports are [31, 10, 11, 47, 15, 26, 48, 19, 27, 41, 32, 30, 28, 43, 49, 29, 50, 51, 52, 53, 44, 45, 37, 46, 54, 55].
4.1.2 External Publications
A total of 26 papers have been published in conference proceedings, and 7 papers have been pub- lished by journals or as a book chapter. See appendix D for the full list of external publications in 2004.
UNU-IIST staff have served on the Programme Committees of 15 2004 international confer- ences: ASE04, PRISE04, FM04, SEFM04, ICFEM04, ICTAC04, ISFST04, ICECCS2004, PRO- VE2004, CSITeA04, ICDIT2004, UML2004, ASWEC2004, the 2nd Workshop of Quantitative Aspects of Programming Languages (a satellite workshop of ETAPS2004), DEBS’04.
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4.2 Tutorials
Chris George gave a tutorial with the title the RAISE Language, Method, and Tools at ICFEM04, 8-12 November 2004, Seattle, USA.
4.3 Dissemination
The aim of dissemination is to distribute new research and development techniques, results in software technology and free software to selected targets in developing countries and countries in transition. Since UNU-IIST, in its Research and Advanced Development Projects, uses front- of-the-wave techniques and pursues further development (i.e. research) of these techniques, the dissemination activity focuses primarily on propagating the techniques and results that directly relate to UNU-IIST’s Research and Advanced Development Agenda. In parallel, through its training activities, and also through institutional agreements with specific institutions, UNU- IIST provides access to literature (reports, papers), free books and software. UNU-IIST has defined a list of target institutions, which includes 10 institutions in China, 30 institutions in Asian countries other than China, 6 institutions in South America and in Africa, and 2 institutions in Eastern Europe. Institutions from developing countries are added to the list if their research and training interests match the areas that are covered by UNU-IIST’s programme. UNU-IIST sends to its targeted institutions a six-month selection of up-to-date information on international literature, free software and technical reports, both from UNU-IIST itself and from partner institutions, together with instructions on how to procure such publications. More specifically, each institution receives:
1. List of UNU-IIST reports with abstract and URL address
2. Copies of the tables of contents of 22 important journals in the area of computer software. UNU-IIST provides photocopies of a limited number of articles from these journals upon request
5 List of academic meetings and events
Academic meetings and events are the workshops, conferences and seminars that UNU-IIST organised or jointly organised with some other institutions.
ICTAC Colloquium On 20–24 September 2004, UNU-IIST, jointly with the Academy of Sci- ences of Guizhou Province, China, organised the 1st International Colloquium on Theo- retical Aspects of Computing. The programme included six very good tutorials including one by Tobias Nipkow which lasted for 3 half days, four outstanding invited talks includ- ing one given by He Jifeng, and 36 regular presentations selected from 111 submissions
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from over 30 countries and regions. Zhiming Liu is co-chair of the Programme Committee and Bernhard Aichernig is the Publicity Chair. The initiative is to extend the traditional UNU-IIST training schools to research oriented presentations and tutorials in order for us to reach out to meet those potential researchers from developing countries and to help them to establish links with researchers from developed countries. This turned out to be very successful and cost effective as the tutorial lecturers came to teach at their own expense. We will continue the event of ICTAC and improve it in future: the next ICTAC is planned for September 2005 in Hanoi, Vietnam. He Jifeng and Zhiming Liu, UNU-IIST Board Members Profs Manfred Broy and Mathai Joseph, and former director of UNU-IIST Prof. Dines Bjørner are among the members of the Advisory Committee of ICTAC.
SEFM Conference UNU-IIST jointly with Peking University organised the 2nd International Conference for Software Engineering and Formal Methods during 26–30 September. He Jifeng is co-chair of the conference, Zhiming Liu is co-chair of the Programme Committee, Antonio Cerone is the Finance Chair, and Bernhard Aichernig is the Tutorial and Work- shop Chair. The programme includes four excellent tutorials selected from 12 proposals, one workshop on Aspect-Oriented Software Engineering, five outstanding keynote talks, and 38 regular presentations accepted from 144 submissions. Antonio Cerone is the co- ordinator of SEFM Steering Committee, for which Zhiming Liu is a member as well as UNU-IIST Board members Profs Manfred Broy and Mathai Joseph.
Seminars and In-house Training UNU-IIST has organised 39 seminars and in-house train- ing courses for its fellows and staff in 2004 (compared with 25 in 2003). The lecturers were visitors, fellows and staff of UNU-IIST. The seminars act as a forum for the UNU-IIST staff and fellows to present their work and to discuss topics of common interest in soft- ware technology. In-house training lectures are to provide more fundamental knowledge in computer science to the fellows.
6 UN and host country linkages
We continue to have good relations with the Macao Government and other local institutions, particularly the Macao Foundation and the University of Macau: e-Government Project This project, described in section 2.10, is a collaboration involving the Macao Government, the University of Macau, and the software engineering institute INESC-Macau.
UNU Research Repository This on-line repository of research materials is a UNU-wide col- laboration, and may later involve other UN agencies: see section 2.9. The Macao Founda- tion is sharing the cost.
Macao Water We have started a collaboration with Macao Water and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) to help Macao Water manage the salinity in Macao’s drinking water, which tends to be high during the winter. So far CUHK has produced software using
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constraint satisfaction techniques, and UNU-IIST has supplied the web-based interface to this program. In addition UNU-IIST has been studying the application of genetic algorithms to the problem.
6.1 Other collaborative projects
Open Source Software We are still aiming at a collaborative EU project on the certification of open source software: see section 2.6.
Lake Management The sustainable exploitation of lake and river basins needs decision sup- port systems (DSSs) that are very expensive to create. The idea of creating a generic DSS with a team of computer scientists and domain experts was discussed at a joint project or- ganised jointly by UNU-IIST and UNU-INWEH in November 2003. The workshop thought such a project feasible, and proposed to develop a prototype that could be used to seek funding from, perhaps, the World Bank to develop a full system. Work has not proceeded because of shortage of available effort, but it is hoped to get it under way by 2005.
7 Personnel/staffing situation
Chris George has been Director a.i. since March 2003. Interviews for a new Director were held in December 2003 and an offer made to Prof Martin Wirsing from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit¨at in Munich. But, after a long deliberation, in May 2004 he eventually declined the offer. Since then Prof. Mike Reed from Oxford University, UK, has been interviewed and offered the position, and he will start in January 2005. The continuing uncertainty over this position has complicated the future planning of activities and initiatives.
Two people were offered Research Fellow positions following interviews in September 2003. One, Antonio Cerone, accepted and joined UNU-IIST in February 2004. Antonio was previously at the Software Verification Research Centre at the University of Queensland, Australia. He is an expert in formal methods, particularly models for concurrency and model checking.
The second offer was not accepted, the person involved apparently not wanting to move away from Europe. The position was advertised again in early 2004. The 50 applicants were not of very good quality, but in the meantime, former Research Fellow Tomasz Janowski had come to Macao in February 2004 on a PSA to manage the e-Macao project and he applied for the vacancy. He was appointed and starts from 1 October 2004.
Ojo Adegboyega from Nigeria has been appointed a post-doctoral fellow for the e-Macao project from 1 May on a (renewable) 1-year contract.
A complete list of personnel may be found in appendix B.
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8 Tables of fellowships, schools and courses
Fellows’ Continents 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Asia 23 16 21 18 15 Africa 6 5 4 2 3 South America 3 2 1 0 5 Europe 1 2 Total 33 23 26 20 25
Table 1: UNU-IIST fellowships
Fellowships in table 1 include fellowships at UNU-IIST and at other universities.
Schools 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 and Courses S/Cs Parts S/Cs Parts S/Cs Parts S/Cs Parts S/Cs Parts Asia 10 202 11 466 5 258 6 274 6 346 Africa 7 135 3 83 1 30 1 18 2 54 S America 4 88 2 32 2 35 3 143 4 105 Total 21 425 16 581 8 323 10 435 10 505
Table 2: Schools and courses organised by UNU-IIST with numbers of participants
Publications 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Conference papers 23 20 14 16 26 Journal articles and book chapters 5 2 3 5 7 Books 0 0 2 1 0 Total 28 22 19 22 33
Table 3: UNU-IIST publications
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A Fellowships
Fellows at UNU-IIST ------Period of fellowship Country Project ------Yang Jing 14/01/03 -- 10/07/04 China Object-Oriented Liu Jing 10/02/03 -- 31/03/04 China Object-Oriented Satyajit Acharya 01/09/03 -- 31/05/04 India Formal Methods Bhim Upadhyaya 11/09/03 -- 30/09/04 Nepal Object-Oriented Wang Xiaofeng 01/09/03 -- 31/05/04 China Codesign Kim Pyong Sam 20/09/03 -- 19/06/04 DPR Korea UML Kim Yong Chun 20/09/03 -- 19/06/04 DPR Korea UML Xue Bing 11/09/03 -- 10/03/04 China Real-Time Feng Yubo 11/09/03 -- 10/03/04 China Real-Time Long Quan 29/09/03 -- 28/03/05 China UML Pham Hong Thai 01/12/03 -- 28/02/04 Vietnam Real-Time Chan Un Lai 08/12/03 -- 31/03/05 China (Macao) Comput. Sys. Carlo Corrales 05/01/04 -- 14/10/04 Peru Model-based Testing Percy Pari 05/01/04 -- 04/05/05 Peru Model-based Testing Elizabeth Vidal 05/01/04 -- 01/07/04 Peru Curr. Dev. Bui Vu Anh 05/01/04 -- 04/10/04 Vietnam Embedded Sys. Saleem Zoughbi 05/01/04 -- 30/01/04 Palestine Curr. Dev. ’’ ’’ 21/06/04 -- 18/08/04 Palestine Curr. Dev. Cheng Yuxin 01/03/04 -- 10/08/04 China Component Software Ri Myong Bok 08/06/04 -- 05/09/04 DPR Korea IT Curr. Ri Chol Gun 08/06/04 -- 05/09/04 DPR Korea IT Curr. Ri Chol Ju 08/06/04 -- 08/03/05 DPR Korea RAISE Ho Yong Song 08/06/04 -- 08/03/05 DPR Korea RAISE Steffen Andersen 03/08/04 -- 04/12/04 Denmark RAISE Steffen Holmslykke 03/08/04 -- 04/12/04 Denmark RAISE Peng Xiaoqing 10/09/04 -- 09/06/05 China Codesign Gabriel Oteniya 15/09/04 -- 30/10/05 Nigeria E-government Elsa Estevez 01/10/04 -- 30/06/05 Argentina E-government Chao Yuefeng 18/10/04 -- 17/04/05 China Codesign Ge Weimin 18/10/04 -- 17/04/05 China Codesign
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Fellows for Development of Computer Science Departments ------Period of fellowship Country Partner Univ. ------Mariano Argerich 28/02/04 -- 25/06/04 Argentina University of Queensland, Australia Nephas Mufutumari 24/08/04 -- 18/12/04 Zimbabwe Ball State University Muncie, Indiana, USA Olusegun Folorunso 26/08/04 -- 18/12/04 Nigeria Ball State University Muncie, Indiana, USA Hoang Chi Thanh 21/09/04 -- 13/12/04 Vietnam De Montfort University Leicester, UK
PhD Fellowships ------Period of fellowship Country Partner Univ. ------Uzma Khadim 20/01/04 -- 20/01/08 Pakistan Eindhoven University the Netherlands
B Personnel
B.1 Staff
The following is the staffing situation in 2004:
1. Mr. Chris George, Director, a.i.
2. Prof. He Jifeng, Senior Research Fellow
3. Dr. Antonio Cerone, Research Fellow, since 19 February
4. Dr. Bernhard K. Aichernig, Research Fellow
5. Dr. Dang Van Hung, Research Fellow
6. Dr. Tomasz Janowski, Project Manager under PSA, 19 February - 30 September 2004 Research Fellow, from 1 October 2004
7. Dr. Zhiming Liu, Research Fellow
8. Ms. (Wendy) Hoi Iok Wa, Senior Administrative Assistant, and Acting Administrative and Programme Services Officer
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9. Ms. (Kitty) Chan Iok Sam, Computer Systems Assistant
10. Ms. (Sandy) Lee Yuen Kwan, Administrative Assistant
11. Ms. (Michelle) Ho Sut Meng, Finance Assistant
12. Ms. (Alice) Pun Chong Iu, Programme Assistant
13. Ms. (Coffee) Ieong Soi Cheng das Dores, Library Clerk
14. Ms. Lei Sao Chi, Messenger
B.2 Post-doctoral Fellows and Project Staff
Dr. Adegboyega Ojo 1 May 2004 - 30 April 2005 Nigeria Mr. Frank Wong 1 November 2003 - 31 May 2005 Macao
B.3 Visiting Researchers
The following were Visiting Researchers at UNU-IIST during 2004:
Prof. Matthew Olusegun Adigun 24 February - 23 March Nigeria Dr . Chen Yifeng 22 April - 21 June U.K.
C Schools and Courses
The following schools and courses were organised or sponsored by UNU-IIST in 2004.
C.1 Schools
• PhD Summer school on Logics of Specification Languages Star´aLesn´a,Slovakia 6–19 June. Organizer: CoLogNet, Participants: 45 from 23 countries. Several were sponsored by UNU-IIST. 9 courses in total were taught at the school; Chris George taught ”The logic of the RAISE Specification Language”.
• 2nd International Summer School on Formal Methods and Information Technologies Al- maty, Kazakhstan 2–14 August Institute for Problems of Informatics and Control (IPIC)
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25 people from 5 countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan The school included four courses: 1. Introduction to formal development using RAISE and some example applications. (Chris George, UNU-IIST) 2. Software development using UML (Dr. Saule Sagnaeva, IPIC & Aulie-Ata Univer- sity): taught in Russian 3. Introduction to specification languages Duration Calculus and CSP (Prof. Bektur Baizhanov and Dr. Viktor Verbovskiy, IPIC): taught in Russian 4. Specifying Systems in TLA+ (Dr. Stephan Merz, Lorraine branch of INRIA) • Summer School on Advanced Techniques for Software Development, 16 August - 3 Septem- ber, 2004. Organisers: Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences, Hue Univer- sity, Vietnam, and UNU-IIST. Participants: 19. Courses: 1. Software Project Management (Chris George, UNU-IIST), 2. Model Checking (Dang Van Hung, UNU-IIST), 3. Foundations of Software Testing (Bernhard K. Aichernig, UNU-IIST) • 2004 China International Training Course on Computer Software Technology, 19 July – 13 August 2004. Organizer: Guizhou Academy of Sciences, and UNU-IIST. Participants: 51 from 25 developing countries. Courses: 1. UML (Xiaoshan Li, University of Macao), 2. The B Method (Dang Van Hung, UNU-IIST), 3. The RAISE Method (Li Danning and Li Dan, Guizhou, China), 4. Foundations of Database (Yuan Liyan, Canada). The school also had one seminar from Prof. Zhou Chaochen (Academy of Sciences, China), and two seminars by Prof. Zhang Mingyi (Guizhou, China). • Summer School on Methods and Tools for High Quality Software Development, 16-27 August 2004, Zhengzhou, China. Organisers: Zhengzhou University and UNU-IIST. Par- ticipants: 66 (one from Greece). Courses:
1. High-Integrity Software Development in SPARK (Dr. Kung-Kiu Lau, University of Manchester, U.K.), 2. Protocol Verification using Process Algebra (Prof. Wan Fokkink, CWI, The Nether- lands), 3. Using Timed Automata to Specify and Verify Real-Time Systems (Dr. Jozef Hooman, Embedded Systems Institute Eindhoven ,The Netherlands), 4. RAISE Method and Tool(Chris George, UNU-IIST).
• Pernambuco School on Software Engineering: Refinement,. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, 23 November - 5 December 2004. Organisers: Federal University of Pernambuco. Partici- pants: 50 from 5 countries (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Chile and Argentina). Courses:
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1. Unifying Theories of Programming (Ana Cavalcanti, Jim Woodcock, UK) 2. Concurrency: CSP and FDR (Jim Davies, UK) 3. Refinement in object-oriented development: UML and sequential Java (Paulo Borba, Augusto Sampaio, Brazil) 4. Probability in the context of wp (Carroll Morgan, Australia) 5. Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems: Specification, Verification, Refinement and Schedulability (Zhiming Liu, UNU-IIST) 6. Refinement tools: focus on industrial experience (Colin O’Halloran, UK) 7. Model Checking (David Deharbe, Brazil).
C.2 Courses
• Course covering RSL, testing from formal specifications, and formalising UML class di- agrams using RSL, taught by Chris George, Hyderabad, India 1–4 March 2004. Host: University of Hyderabad. Participants: 15 participants from India.
• Course on Software Project Management Lagos, Nigeria 21–25 June University of Lagos, taught by Dr Edmonds Lau, University of Swinburne, Australia. Participants: 24 from Nigeria.
• Formal Software Specification using RAISE, Maputo, Mozambique, taught by Dr. Antonio Cerone on 26-30 July 2004. Host: Eduardo Mondlane University. Participants: 30 (4 from South Africa, the others local)
• Course on OO Software Development with UML, 2-13 August 2004, East China Nor- mal University, Shanghai. Lecturer: Zhiming Liu. Participants: about 170 fourth year undergraduates and Master students.
• Course on Foundations of Software Testing taught by Chris George, University of San Luis, Argentina, 15–19 November 2004. 15 participants from Argentina.
• Course on Formal Software Development taught by Chris George, University of San Luis, Argentina, 18–20 November 2004. 15 participants from Argentina.
• Course on Software Project Management taught by Chris George, Arequipa, Peru, 29 November – 1 December 2004. 40 participants from Peru.
D List of External Publications
1. Jing Liu, Zhiming Liu, He Jifeng, and Xiaoshan Li. Linking UML Models of Design and Requirement. Presented at and published in the proceedings of ASWEC2004, 13-16 April, 2004, Melbourne, Australia.
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau List of External Publications 28
2. Xiaoshan Li, Zhiming Liu, and Jifeng He. A Formal Semantics of UML Sequence Dia- gram. Presented at and published in the proceedings of ASWEC2004, 13-16 April, 2004, Melbourne, Australia.
3. Yifeng Chen and Zhiming Liu. Integrating Temporal Logics. Presented at and published in the proceedings of IFM 2004, 4-7 April, 2004, Canterbury, Kent, UK, Eerke A. Boiten, John Derrick, Graeme Smith (Eds.), LNCS 2999, Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 402-420.
4. Pu Geguang, Dang Van Hung, He Jifeng and Wang Yi. An Optimal Approach to Hard- ware/software Partitioning for Synchronous Model. Presented at and published in the pro- ceedings of the IFM 2004 Conference, Canterbury, UK, 4-7 April, 2004, Eerke A. Boiten, John Derrick, Graeme Smith (Eds.), LNCS 2999, Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 363-381.
5. Dang Van Hung and Ho Van Huong. Modelling Real-time Database Systems in Duration Calculus. Presented at and published in the proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Databases and Applications (DBA 2004), February 17 - 19, 2004, Innsbruck, Austria, M.H. Hamza (ed.), ACTA Press, pp. 37-42.
6. Dimitar P. Guelev and Dang Van Hung. A Relatively Complete Axiomatisation of Pro- jection onto State in the Duration Calculus. Journal of Applied and Non Classical Logics, Volume 14, No 1-2, 2004, pp. 151-182.
7. Dimitar P. Guelev and Dang Van Hung. On the Completeness and Decidability of Duration Calculus with Iteration. Accepted for publication by the Theoretical Computer Science Journal.
8. Francois Siewe, Dang Van Hung, Hussein Zedan and Antonio Cau. A Formal Design Tech- nique for Real-Time Embedded Systems Development using Duration Calculus. IEEE- RAS Latin American Robotics Symposium, pp 60-65, Oct 28-29, 2004. Editors: A. Weitzenfeld and A. Barrera.
9. Zhiming Liu, He Jifeng, Xiaoshan Li, and Jing Liu. Unifying Views of UML. Technical Report 288, accepted for publication in ENTCS.
10. Jing Liu, Zhiming Liu, Xiaoshan Li, He Jifeng and Yifeng Chen. Towards the Integration of a Formal Object-Oriented Method and Relational Unified Process Chapter 6 of a Book on Software Evolution with UML and XML, Editor: Hongji Yang, Publisher Idea Group
11. Jing Liu, Zhiming Liu, Xiaoshan Li and Jifeng He. Formal Support to Incremental Devel- opment. Proceedings of the 15th IRMA Internation Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 23-26 May, 2004.
12. Jifeng He and Zhiming Liu. A Design Calculus for Object-Oriented and Component Sys- tems, Invited Talk at Third International Symposium on Formal Methods for Components and Objects (FMCO 2004), 2 - 5 November 2004, Leiden, The Netherlands.
13. Pei Yu and Xu Qiwen. Checking Interval Based Properties for Reactive Systems. Fifth International Conference on Verification, Model Checking and Abstract Interpretation. Venice, Italy. LNCS 2937, January 2004.
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau List of External Publications 29
14. Liu Z., Ravn A.P. and Li X. (2004), Unifying proof methodologies of duration calculus and timed linear temporal logic, Journal of Formal Aspects of Computing, Vol.16, No. 2, May (2004), pp. 140-154.
15. B.P. Upadhyaya and Z. Liu, A Design Level Formal Model for JavaBeans, World Multi- conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI), Nagib Callaos and William Lesso and Shusaku Nomura and Jianna Zhang (eds), Vol XIV, pp. 191–196, Orlando, Florida, July, 2004, International Institute of Informatics and Systemics.
16. Bhim Prasad Upadhyaya and Zhiming Liu, Formal Support for Development of JavaBeans Component Systems, Proc. of the 28th Annual International Computer Software and Ap- plications Conference (COMPSAC), Hong Kong,September 2004, IEEE Computer Society Press.
17. Pham Hong Thai and Dang Van Hung, Verifying Linear Duration Constraints of Timed Automata, presented and published in the proceedings of the First International Collo- quium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, Guiyang, China 20 - 24 September 2004, LNCS 3407, pp. 295-309, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
18. He Jifeng, Liu Zhiming, Li Xiaoshan and Qin Shenchao, ”A relational model for object- oriented design” APLAS’04, 2004
19. Jin Nanyong and He Jifeng, ”A resourse model and pre-compiler for hardware/software mixed systems” SEFM04, 2004
20. He Jifeng, C. Morgan and A. Mclver, ”Deriving probabilistic semantics via ”weakest com- pletion”” ICFEM’04, 2004
21. He Jifeng, ”Link simulation with refinement” in Proc of The 25th anniversary of CSP, 2004.
22. Yifeng Chen and Zhiming Liu. From Durational Specifications to TLA Designs of Timed Automata, accepted for ICFEM04.
23. Zhiming Liu, He Jifeng, and Li Xiaoshan. Contract-Oriented Component Software De- velopment. Presented at and published in the proceedings IFIP WCC-TCS2004, 24-26 August 2004, Toulouse, France, J.J. Levy, E.W. Mayer and J. C. Mitchell (eds.), Explor- ing New Frontiers of Theoretical Informatics, Proc. of IFIP WCC-TCS2004, pp.349-366.
24. Zhiming Liu, Xiaoshan Li, Jing Liu, and He Jifeng. Integrating and Refining UML Models. Accepted for presentation at the UML2004 Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML- based Software Development, October 10-15, 2004, Lisbon, Portugal. Enhanced Version will be published in Journal on Software and Systems Modeling”
25. X. Li and Z. Liu and J. He and Q. Long, Generating a prototype from UML model of system requirements, Accepted for presentation at International Conference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technologies (ICDCIT) 2004. Proceedings to be published in LNCS,
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau References 30
26. J. Yang and Q. Long and X. Li, A Predicative Semantic Model for Integrating UML Mod- els, Accepted for presentation at the 1st Internation Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (ICTAC), September 20-24, 2004 Guiyang, China. LNCS 3407, Springer- Verlag, 2005.
27. Aristides Dasso and Chris George, Automating Software Development by Cross-Utilization of Specification Tools, accepted for 8th IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications - SEA 2004.
28. Sun Meng, Zhang Naixiao, and Bernhard K. Aichernig. The Formal Foundations in RSL for UML Statechart Diagrams. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2004.
29. Li Dan and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Combining algebraic and model-based test case gen- eration. In Proceedings of First International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Com- puting, Guiyang, China 20-24 September 2004, LNCS 3407, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
30. Sun Meng, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Luis S. Barbosa, and Zhang Naixiao. A coalgebraic semantic framework for component based development in UML. In Proceedings of Cat- egory Theory and Computer Science (CTCS’04), August 12th-14th, 2004, Copenhagen, Denmark, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier, 2004.
31. Dines Bjørner, Chris W. George, Anne E. Haxthausen, Christian Krog Madsen, Steffen Holmslykke and Martin Penicka. UML-ising Formal Techniques. Integration of Software Specification Techniques for Applications in Engineering: Priority Program SoftSpez of the German Research Foundation (DFG), Final Report, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Volume 3147, 2004, pp. 423 - 450.
32. He Jifeng, Integrating Variants of DC, Invited talk at ICTAC04.
33. Adnan Sherif, He Jifeng, Cavalcanti and Augusto Sampaio. A Framework For Specifica- tion and Validation of Real-Time Systems Using Circus Actions. In Proceedings of First International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, Guiyang, China 20-24 September 2004, LNCS 3407, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
References
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[25] Bhim Prasad Upadhyaya. A formal model for javabeans. Master’s thesis, International Institute for Software Technology / The United Nations University and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, September 2004. Available online at http://www.iist.unu.edu/newrh/III/1/page.html as at September 2004.
[26] Dang Van Hung. A Formal Model for Component Interfaces for Real-time Systems. Tech- nical Report 296, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, March 2004.
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[27] Sun Meng, Zhang Naixiao, and Bernhard K. Aichernig. The Formal Foundations in RSL for UML Statechart Diagrams. Technical Report 299, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, April 2004.
[28] Kim Pyong Sam and Dang Van Hung. A UTP Approach Semantics for Component-Based Real-Time Systems. Technical Report 303, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, June 2004.
[29] Pham Hong Thai and Dang Van Hung. Verifying Linear Duration Constraints of Timed Automata. Technical Report 306, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, June 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of ICTAC’04, Gui Yang, September, 2004.
[30] Kim Yong Chun and Dang Van Hung. Verifying Real-Time Systems Using Untimed Model Checking Tools. Technical Report 302, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, June 2004.
[31] Yifeng Chen and Zhiming Liu. Integrating Temporal Logics. Technical Report 291, UNU- IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, February 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of IFM 2004, 4-7 April, 2004, Canterbury, Kent, UK, Eerke A. Boiten, John Derrick, Graeme Smith (Eds.), LNCS 2999, Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 402–420.
[32] Yifeng Chen and Zhiming Liu. From Durational Specifications to TLA Designs of Timed Automata. Technical Report 301, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, June 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of ICFEM04.
[33] Bernhard K. Aichernig. Mutation Testing in the Refinement Calculus. Formal Aspects of Computing Journal, 15(2):280–295, 2003.
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[38] Bernhard K. Aichernig and Chris George. When specification-based testing fails. In PRISE 2004, the First Conference on the PRInciples of Software Engineering, Buenos Aires, Ar- gentina, November 22 - 27, 2004, 2004.
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[40] Sun Meng, Bernhard K. Aichernig, Luis S. Barbosa, and Zhang Naixiao. A coalgebraic semantic framework for component based development in UML. In Proceedings of Category Theory and Computer Science (CTCS’04), August 12th-14th, 2004, Copenhagen, Denmark, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier, 2004.
[41] Satyajit Acharya and Chris George. Specifying a Mobile Computing Application Environ- ment Using RSL. Technical Report 300, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, May 2004.
[42] Ana Funes and Chris George. Formal Foundations in RSL for UML Class Diagrams. Tech- nical Report 253, UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau, May 2002. Published as chapter VIII Formalizing UML Class Diagrams of UML and the Unified Process, Liliana Favre (ed.), IRM Press, 2003.
[43] Elizabeth Vidal Duarte and Bernhard K. Aichernig. Towards an Improved Computing Curriculum for San Pablo Catholic University in Peru. Technical Report 304, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, June 2004.
[44] Ri Myong Bok. Undergraduate Computer Science Curriculum for the DPR of Korea. Com- pendia Report 311, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004.
[45] Ri Chol Gun and Antonio Cerone. Postgraduate Information Systems Curriculum for the University of Natural Science in the DPR of Korea. Technical Report 312, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004.
[46] Saleem Zougbi. Reconciling the Should-be and the Can-be in Undergraduate Curricula: Lessons from Bethlehem University, Palestine. Technical Report 315, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, August 2004.
[47] Pu Geguang, Jin Naiyong, He Jifeng, and Qiu Zongyan. Performance Analysis in High- Level Synthesis. Technical Report 294, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, February 2004.
[48] Dang Van Hung. A Technique for Improving Time Performance for Synchronous Parallel Programs. Technical Report 297, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, March 2004.
[49] Bhim Prasad Upadhyaya and Zhiming Liu. A Formal Model for JavaBeans. Technical Report 305, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004. Based on this report, a paper titled A Design Level Formal Model for JavaBeans was presented at and published in the proceedings of SCI’04 and a paper titled Formal Support for Development of JavaBeans Component Systems was presented at and published in the proceedings of COMPSAC’04.
[50] Li Xiaoshan, Zhiming Liu, He Jifeng, and Long Quan. Generating a Prototype from UML Model of System Requirements. Technical Report 307, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of the International Con- ference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technologies (ICDCIT) 2004.
[51] He Jifeng, Zhiming Liu, Li Xiaoshan, and Qin Shengchao. A Relational Model for Object- Oriented Designs. Technical Report 308, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of the Second ASIAN Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems (APLAS) 2004.
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[52] Yang Jing, Long Quan, Li Xiaoshan, and Zhiming Liu. A Predicative Semantic Model for Integrating UML Models. Technical Report 309, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, Septem- ber 2004. Presented at and published in the proceedings of the 1st International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing (ICTAC), September 20-24, 2004 Guiyang, China.
[53] Zhiming Liu, editor. Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on Theoretical As- pects of Computing ICTAC04, Guiyang, China 20 - 24 September 2004, number 310 in UNU-IIST Reports, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004.
[54] Johan Bengtsson and Wang Yi. Timed Automata: Semantics, Algorithms and Tools. Technical Report 316, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, September 2004.
[55] Dang Van Hung and Bui Vu Anh. Model Checking Component Based Systems with Black- box Testing. Technical Report 317, UNU-IIST, P.O.Box 3058, Macau, October 2004.
Report No. 314, March 2005 UNU-IIST, P.O. Box 3058, Macau