Mapping of Chinese R&D Networks
IDCK Analysis No. 4, February 2016.
Published by Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation Bredgade 40 1260 Copenhagen K Telephone: 3544 6200 E-mail: [email protected] www.ufm.dk
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Dear reader This ICDK analysis provides you with a mapping of current development and activities in the Chinese R&D that corresponds with the focus of the Danish Innovation Networks within 22 specific sectors. The mapping has been made for Innovation Centre Denmark, Shanghai by the consultancy company Kairos Future.
The purpose of this mapping is to provide you with an overview of the R&D development in China. The mapping is not only targeted the stakeholders within the innovation networks but also research institutions, companies and other relevant actors.
The mapping aims to inspire Danish Innovation networks, research institutions and companies to open their eyes to the many opportunities of collaboration with relevant stakeholders in China.
Furthermore, the mapping will give you a glimpse of the rapid R&D/innovation development in China in the recent years and an introduction to the significant policy initiatives that are expected to become strong R&D tendencies in the years to come.
It is recommended to use the mapping as a “Guide” which consists of an introduction providing an overview of the methodology used, political/societal contexts in China, and finally an organized list of data for each of the 22 specific sectors corresponding to the Danish Innovation Networks. It might not be of one’s interests to go through these data and analysis for all sectors, therefore you are more than welcome to just read though the specific area of your interest.
Innovation Centre Denmark in Shanghai will use this mapping actively as a tool to start a dialogue with the Danish Innovation Networks, researchers and companies on further collaboration.
Yours sincerely,
Nina Hassel Innovation Attaché Innovation Centre Denmark, Shanghai
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Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 10
2. OVERVIEW ...... 11 2.1 TRENDS IN CHINESE R&D ...... 11 2.2 COMPLEMENTARITIES IN CHINA FOR DANISH INNOVATION NETWORKS ...... 15
3. SIGNIFICANT POLICY INITIATIVES ...... 18 3.1 MADE IN CHINA 2025 ...... 18 3.2 SMART CITIES ...... 19 3.3 INTERNET PLUS ...... 21
4. BIOMASS ...... 24 4.1 KEY METRICS ...... 24 4.2 TOP CITIES ...... 25 4.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 26 4.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 27 4.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 28 4.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 29 4.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 30 4.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 31
5. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ...... 32 5.1 KEY METRICS ...... 32 5.2 TOP CITIES ...... 33 5.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 34 5.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 35 5.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 36 5.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 37 5.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 38 5.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 39
6. BIOTECH ...... 40 6.1 KEY METRICS ...... 40 6.2 TOP CITIES ...... 41 6.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 42
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6.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 43 6.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 44 6.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 45 6.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 46 6.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 47
7. BRAND BASE ...... 48 7.1 KEY METRICS ...... 48 7.2 TOP CITIES ...... 49 7.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 50 7.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 51 7.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 52 7.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 53 7.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 54 7.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 55
8. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTION ...... 56 8.1 KEY METRICS ...... 56 8.2 TOP CITIES ...... 57 8.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 58 8.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 59 8.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 60 8.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 61 8.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 62 8.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 63
9. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ...... 64 9.1 KEY METRICS ...... 64 9.2 TOP CITIES ...... 65 9.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 66 9.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 67 9.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 68 9.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 69 9.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 70 9.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 71
10. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY ...... 72 10.1 KEY METRICS ...... 72 10.2 TOP CITIES ...... 73 10.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 74 10.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 75 10.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 76
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10.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 77 10.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 78 10.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 79
11. FINANCIAL IT ...... 80 11.1 KEY METRICS ...... 80 11.2 TOP CITIES ...... 81 11.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 82 11.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 83 11.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 84 11.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 85 11.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 86 11.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 87
12. FOOD ...... 88 12.1 KEY METRICS ...... 88 12.2 TOP CITIES ...... 89 12.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 90 12.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 91 12.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 92 12.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 93 12.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 94 12.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 95
13. HEALTH & WELFARE TECHNOLOGY ...... 96 13.1 KEY METRICS ...... 96 13.2 TOP CITIES ...... 97 13.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 98 13.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 99 13.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 100 13.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 101 13.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 102 13.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 103
14. IT ...... 104 14.1 KEY METRICS ...... 104 14.2 TOP CITIES ...... 105 14.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 106 14.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 107 14.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 108 14.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 109 14.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 110
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14.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 111
15. KNOWLEDGE-BASED EXPERIENCE TECHNOLOGY ...... 112 15.1 KEY METRICS ...... 112 15.2 TOP CITIES ...... 113 15.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 114 15.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 115 15.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 116 15.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 117 15.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 118 15.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 119
16. LIFESTYLE ...... 120 16.1 KEY METRICS ...... 120 16.2 TOP CITIES ...... 121 16.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 122 16.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 123 16.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 124 16.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 125 16.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 126 16.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 127
17. LIGHT ...... 128 17.1 KEY METRICS ...... 128 17.2 TOP CITIES ...... 129 17.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 130 17.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 131 17.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 132 17.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 133 17.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 134 17.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 135
18. MATERIAL ...... 136 18.1 KEY METRICS ...... 136 18.2 TOP CITIES ...... 137 18.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 138 18.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 139 18.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 140 18.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 141 18.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 142 18.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 143
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19. OFFSHORE ENERGY ...... 144 19.1 KEY METRICS ...... 144 19.2 TOP CITIES ...... 145 19.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 146 19.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 147 19.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 148 19.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 149 19.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 150 19.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 151
20. PRODUCTION ...... 152 20.1 KEY METRICS ...... 152 20.2 TOP CITIES ...... 153 20.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 154 20.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 155 20.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 156 20.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 157 20.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 158 20.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 159
21. ROBOCLUSTER ...... 160 21.1 KEY METRICS ...... 160 21.2 TOP CITIES ...... 161 21.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 162 21.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 163 21.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 164 21.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 165 21.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 166 21.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 167
22. SERVICE PLATFORM ...... 168 22.1 KEY METRICS ...... 168 22.2 TOP CITIES ...... 169 22.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 170 22.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 171 22.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 172 22.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 173 22.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 174 22.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 175
23. SOUND ...... 176 23.1 KEY METRICS ...... 176
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23.2 TOP CITIES ...... 177 23.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 178 23.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 179 23.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 180 23.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 181 23.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 182 23.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 183
24. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ...... 184 24.1 KEY METRICS ...... 184 24.2 TOP CITIES ...... 185 24.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 186 24.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 187 24.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 188 24.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 189 24.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 190 24.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 191
25. TRANSPORT ...... 192 25.1 KEY METRICS ...... 192 25.2 TOP CITIES ...... 193 25.3 KEY R&D TOPICS ...... 194 25.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS ...... 195 25.5 TOP INVENTORS ...... 196 25.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS ...... 197 25.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 198 25.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS ...... 199
About ICDK Analysis ...... 200
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1. INTRODUCTION
This report sets out to examine the Chinese landscape of R&D and scientific research in sectors of relevance to 22 Danish Innovation Networks. It does so by combining three approaches:
• Policy research , where significant policy initiatives have been investigated to provide overviews of the most important developments. Three policy initiatives have been selected. Each one of them is of potential importance to several of the Danish Innovation Networks. • Patent analysis , where the complete database of Chinese invention patents has been used to map cities, companies, institutes, individuals, R&D topics, and social networks that are the most relavant for the 22 Danish Innovation Netoworks. Chinese patents are often criticized for their low degree of novelty. In this study, however, only invention patents, which require substantive examination, have been used as sources. Other patent types, design patents and utility patents, have not been used. The source of patents is the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China. • Scientific article analysis , where the complete database of scientific publications by Chinese researchers has been used to map top cities, institutions, and individuals in academic sectors that the most relavant for each of the 22 Danish Innovation Networks.
The results in this report can be used on two levels.
On the first level, the results provide an instant overview of points of interest and answers to key questions in each Network such as: What entities are the most active in R&D and academic research? Which cities have the highest concentration of knowledge? Lists of specific R&D topics and academic articles are also present in this report.
On the other level, the results highlight points of potential entry for Danish companies or institutions that are interested in identifying Chinese collaboeation partners, potential customers, competitors, acquisition targets, or inspiration for new ideas, technologies, and applications.
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2. OVERVIEW
2.1 TRENDS IN CHINESE R&D
2.1.1 Three phases of R&D R&D in China is growing exponentially, diversifying geographically and technologically, and migrating away from the state towards private entrepreneurs. These changes have played out over three distinct phases: state-led innovation (1985- 2005), innovation streamlining (2005-2008), and entrepreneurial innovation (2008-present).
In the earliest phase (approximately 1985-2005) R&D was characterized by the dominance of state actors, geographical concentration, large-scale laboratory testing, and patenting in organic chemistry, Chinese medicine, foodstuff, and agricultural technology.
During the second phase (2005-2008), R&D activities became increasingly streamlined and market-oriented, patenting in ICT and pharmaceuticals surged, favored enterprises took center stage, and academic research improved.
During the third and present phase (2008- present), entrepreneurs and manufacturers drive patenting growth and R&D has spread to more cities and more sectors of technology, notably environment protection and energy efficiency, automation, and new information technologies.
The third phase has also seen manifestations outside of the R&D domain. Trade statistics show that private domestic companies are taking an increasing share of high-tech exports from state-owned and foreign companies. A growing focus among Chinese companies to build their own international brands is evident by the steady growth in the number of trademarks registered overseas (more than 35,000 trademarks were registered in 2013 while only 5000 trademark registration took place one decade earlier). There has also been an uptick in the number of Chinese returnees from overseas, last year almost equaling the number of Chinese leaving the country to study abroad. With over one million returnees since 2009 and almost half of them starting their own business, Chinese with overseas experiences and networks have become a growing force in China’s innovation ecosystem.
The diagram below shows the number of invention patent applications by Chinese entities over time. Invention patent is considered a better indicator of novelty than the other patent types. Nevertheless, patenting is not the same as innovation. Various policy incentives have encouraged Chinese organizations to apply for more patents, thereby making their R&D work visible to the outside. The rapid growth in recent years cannot be explained entirely by policy. It reflects a genuine increase in R&D output and a stronger focus on R&D among Chinese companies.
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900 825
653
600 526 ANP 391 ACP 290 315 245 AP 300 210 173
applications (thousand) 130 Numberof invention patent
0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Figure 2.1 Number of invention patent applications in China over time. ANP stands for applications by non-Chinese entities. ACP stands for applications by Chinese entities. AP stands for the total number of invention patent applications. Source: China's State Intellectual Property Office.
2.1.2 An evolving landscape of R&D leaders Over the three phases of R&D development in China described above, significant changes happened to the composition of organizations involving R&D: • 1990s: Institutes under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, universities, and SOEs focused on natural resources (Sinopec, Baoshan Steel) dominated the R&D effort. • 2000-2005: Emergence of large private companies in electronics (Lenovo, Via Electronic), telecom (ZTE, Huawei), appliances (Haier), genetics (Shanghai Bode), automotive (BYD), and manufacturing (Foxconn). • 2006-2010: Universities pushed out research institutes. Semiconductors (SMIC), chemicals (Shanghai Qipeng), and food (Shenzhen Oceanpower) companies entered the stage. • 2011-2014: Reemergence of key state-owned companies (Sinopec, State Grid). Among private companies, domination of electronics, appliances, and communications (Foxconn, ZTE, Huawei, Datang Communications). Emergence of private companies in IT (Tencent, Qihoo), photoelectronics (Ocean’s Lighting, Huaxing Photoelectronic, BOE), and heavy machinery (Zoomlion)
2.1.3 An evolving geography of R&D In the early 2000s, 40% of invention patents were applied for from three of the biggest cities of China - Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen; today the number is less than 15%. Second- and third-tier cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi, Qingdao, Changzhou, Hefei, Zhenjiang, and Ningbo have seen especially rapid growth, owing to a combination of supportive government policies, accumulation of a critical mass of knowledge, and maturing innovation ecosystems in these cities.
The map below displays the amount of invention patenting in Chinese cities. The size of each circle reflects the number of patent applications from that city. As can Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation 12
be seen, invention patenting is dominated by the cities in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, and Peal River Delta, but other costal and interior cities are active too.
Figure 2.2 Geographical distribution of invention patent applications by domestic applicants in China. Circle size reflects the number of applications. Source: China's State Intellectual Property Office. Analysis: Kairos Future. Map: Open Street Maps.
The Yangtze River Delta, dominated by Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Nanjing, and Ningbo, has seen especially impressive growth in recent years. The diagram below shows patenting over time by region, with the Yangtze river delta taking the lead, followed by the Bohai Rim and Interior China. Due to the lag between application and publications of patents, the diagram is made using statistics until 2012.
120
100 Bohai Rim 80 Fujian Province
60 Interior China Northeast China (thousands) 40 Pearl River Delta
20 Yangtze River Delta Numberof patent applications
0
1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 Figure 2.3 Invention patenting in China over time. Source: China's State Intellectual Property Office. Analysis: Kairos Future.
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2.1.4 The rise of the entrepreneurs Companies that used to supply Western brand owners with components are now building their own brands, scaling up their R&D, and becoming the rivals of their former customers. China’s traditional manufacturing strength is finding ways to merge with its newer IT capabilities with applications in sectors such as smart homes and wearable devices.
With role models such as Jack Ma of Alibaba and Lei Jun of Xiaomi, a growing number of young Chinese are aspiring to become successful entrepreneurs. The chart below shows the distribution of funding from Innofund, a Chinese government funding program for innovative SME projects. It shows especially strong activity in IT, energy & environment, health, and manufacturing.
IT Finance 18% 3% Chemistry 4% Transportation 5% Energy & Smart environment technology 13% 5%
Public platform 5%
Telecom Health 6% Media 12% technology Manufacturing 6% 12%
Figure 2.4 Distribution of funding from Innofund over technology sectors, 2014. Source: Innofund . Analysis: Kairos Future.
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2.2 COMPLEMENTARITIES IN CHINA FOR DANISH INNOVATION NETWORKS
2.2.1 Amount of activity in sectors corresponding to Danish Innovation Networks Denmark’s 22 organized innovation networks all have corresponding networks in China. Some of the sectors are dominated by R&D (measured by invention patenting) rather than academic research (measured by academic publications). Such sectors include biomedical engineering, sustainable construction, robotics, and lighting technology. Other sectors have much larger shares of academic research, especially biotechnology, sound, and energy technology. A third category of sectors see much activity in both R&D and academic research, including IT, material science, and environmental technology.
The diagram below shows the volume of academic publications on the vertical axis and the volume of invention patentapplication on the horizontal axis.
16.000 Biotech
14.000 Sound IT 12.000 Material Energy technology Production 10.000 Environment
8.000 Climate change adapetion 6.000 Biomass Light Robotics Numberof academic articles 4.000 Brand base Service Knowledge-based Food economy Biomedical 2.000 Offshore energy Transport engineering Financial IT Sustainable Health&welfare construction Lifestyle 0 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 Number of invention patent applications
Figure 2.5 Number of academic articles and number of invention patent applications in each area corresponding to a Danish innovation network. Sources: China's State Intellectual Property Office. Analysis: Kairos Future.
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2.2.2 Growth in activity in sectors corresponding to Danish Innovation Networks A different picture is provided by looking at the rate of growth of each area corresponding to Danish innovation networks. The diagram below shows the growth rates for academic articles and invention patent applications respectively, between the periods 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. The size of each bubble reflects the number of invention patent applications.
Even though growing from lower starting points, smaller sectors such as food technology, knowledge-based economy, offshore energy, health & welfare, climate change adaptation, and financial IT that grew the fastest. A few sectors that previously experienced rapid growth, namely robotics, sustainable construction, and products, saw a slight decline in academic publications between the two periods. All sectors grew rapidly in terms of R&D output.
70% Food 60% Offshore energy
50% Health&welfare Knowledge-based economy 40% Biomass Energy technology Climate change adapetion 30% Biotech Light
Environment Sound Financial IT 20% Lifestyle Material 10% Biomedical engineering Brand base IT Growthrateof academic articles Transport Robotics Service 0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% -10% Production Sustainable construction -20% Growth rate of invention patent applications
Figure 2.6 Growth rate of academic articles and growth rate of invention patent applications in each area corresponding to a Danish innovation networks. The size shows the number of invention patent applications. Sources: China's State Intellectual Property Office. Analysis: Kairos Future.
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2.2.3 Key R&D topics corresponding to Danish innovation networks The word cloud below displays R&D topics that are frequently mentioned in patent abstracts falling under sectors corresponding to the 22 Danish innovation networks. The size of a phrase reflects the number of patent abstracts it has been present throughout the entire period of Chinese patenting. Especially common words/phrases are disease treatment, automation, textile design, communication technology, and data transmission and processing.
Figure 2.6 Wordcloud showing phrases used in Chinese invention patent abstracts in sectors corresponding to any of the 22 Danish innovation networks. Size reflects number of abstracts that a word is used in.
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3. SIGNIFICANT POLICY INITIATIVES
This section presents three significant clusters of Chinese policies aiming at industrial upgrading, technological innovation, and improved livelihoods: Made in China 2025, Smart Cities, and Internet Plus. All three sectors cut across and impact several industries and are relevant to many of the Danish Innovation Networks. The policies have been adopted on the central level, but how they will play out on local levels is not yet entirely known.
It is clear that the central government see the policies as tools for comprehensively upgrading Chinese industry and achieving more sustainable development. While previous policies tended to focus specifically on innovation, the current ones focus on the entire manufacturing process, thus taking China’s realities into account. It promotes development not only of advanced industries, but of traditional industries and modern services. While there is a focus on state involvement, market mechanisms are more prominent than in previous plans.
Although Chinese companies are best positioned to take advantags of the policies, they also result in opportunities for Danish compaines.
Amounts of funding are given in the Chinese currency, CNY. In November 2015 the exchange rate between CNY and DKK was 1:1.1.
3.1 MADE IN CHINA 2025
3.1.1 Overview The policy plan "Made in China 2025" is an initiative to comprehensively upgrade Chinese industry. The initiative draws direct inspiration from Germany's "Industry 4.0" plan. It was drafted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) over two and a half years, with input from 150 experts from the China Academy of Engineering.
The goal is to make the Chinese industry more efficient and integrated so that it can occupy the highest parts of global production chains. The plan identifies the goal of raising domestic content of core components and materials to 40% by 2020 and 70% by 2025.
The selected sectors include 1) information technology, 2) high-end numerical
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control machine and automaton, 3) aerospace and aviation equipment, 4) maritime engineering equipment and high-tech vessel manufacturing, 5) advanced rail equipment, 6) green vehicles, 7) electric power equipment, 8) new materials, 9) biomedicine and high-performance medical apparatus and 10) agricultural industry equipment.
3.1.2 Policies The “Made in China 2025” Plan proposes to organize and implement five key projects on innovation engineering, strong foundation engineering, intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing and high-end equipment, with the related implementation schemes successively issued before the end of 2015.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Finance have jointly issued the "Notice on organized the industrial transformation and upgrading of the infrastructure project in 2015". The document laid out the plan’s focus by way of 18 technologies, 19 core foundation parts, 5 advanced foundation technologies, and 13 kinds of service platform of industrial technology.
Ministry of Finance will set up a special subsidy fund to give financial support to related businesses. Special allowances will not support more than 20% of the total investment and a single project will not be granted more than CNY 50 million.
The government will come out with a catalogue, including key industrial sectors and their direction of upgrade. The list will be adjusted as needed in the future.
3.1.3 Initiatives and projects The Ministry of Industry and Information has issued an announcement of the “2015 Intelligent Manufacturing Special Projects”. 94 projects are mentioned in the announcement. Example projects include: • ”Standardization and experimental verification system of industrial cloud service models” by China Electronics Standardization Institute • ”Research and verification of new generation of information technology products and intelligent factory reference model” by Haier Group Company • ”Comprehensive standardized test verification of marine engineering equipment intelligent manufacturing” by Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industry (Group) Co., Ltd.
3.2 SMART CITIES
3.2.1 Overview In September 2014, the Instructive Opinions on a Robust Development of Smart Cities was jointly issued by eight ministries in China (National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Housing and UrbanRural Development, and Ministry of Transport). The document defined “smart city” as a new philosophy and model that utilizes the new generation of information technology such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data and GIS to advance the design, construction,
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management and services of cities.
The government includes in “smart city” sectors such as smart governance, smart mobility, smart energy, smart logistics, smart healthcare, smart food system, water management, environment, smart community, smart education, smart architecture, and smart agriculture.
3.2.2 Policy objectives The key policy objectives of the smart cities plan are: • To promote better management of cities: Urbanization is at the top of the agenda for the Chinese government, but it brings problems such as overcrowded cities, industrial pollution, traffic congestion, shortage of resources, unemployment, etc. These problems occur mainly due to the inefficiency of management and services offered by the traditional way of city management. It is hoped that smart cities can improve this. • To improve people’s livelihood: Smart city solutions will improve services in sectors such as healthcare, education, mobility and housing and thereby improve people’s livelihood. • To promote industrial development: One of the features of smart city is that it promotes industrial development, especially in industries such as software services and other new technology related industries, which helps economic development. • To promote innovation: Smart cities can only be realized through innovation. Thus the smart city strategy has the added benefit of stimulating innovation, which in turn is the key to the economic development of cities, efficiency of energy and resources, and employment.
3.2.3 Policy actions 2012 was an important year for China’s smart city development. Until that point, China had been in what could be characterized as an embryonic stage of smart city development, with limited policy actions. But in 2012, 90 pilot smart cities were selected by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and 9 more pilot districts were added at the end of that year.
In 2013, the number of pilot smart cities was increased to 193. China Development Bank cooperated with Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to finance ¥80 billion as support fund for smart city projects. Each pilot city can apply for the financial support from CDB.
A new list of pilot smart cities was announced at the end of 2014, expanding the number of cities to around 290. Three important documents pertaining to smart cities were realeased in China in the past year: • The National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020), issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in March 2014, encouraged the development of smart cities. • Instructive opinions on a Robust Development of Smart Cities was jointly issued by eight ministries in August 2014. • 43rd Article issued by the State Council in October 2014 encouraged the use of the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in smart city projects. Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation 20
Brief of Instructive Opinions on a Robust Development of Smart Cities : • By 2020, the characteristics of Chinese smart cities should be: convenient public services; good city management; livable environment; smart infrastructure; safe information. • Information sharing should be promoted: data should be shared across departments; open data should be encouraged to involve other stakeholders. • New technology should be welcomed: Internet of Things should be used in high energy consumption industries; government platforms should be based on cloud computing.
Brief of the Smart City Part of the National New-Type Urbanization Plan (2014- 2020) : • The National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) is a national development strategy that offers top-down development directions for the next 6 years. • Broadband should cover each household and the speed should be at least 50Mbps. More than 50% of households should achieve a speed of 100Mbps. The implementation of 4G and public wireless networks should be accelerated. • Digital governmence should be developed. Digital management in basic sectors such as urban planning, environment management, land usage etc should be promoted. • Smart infrastructure sectors such as traffic guidance, traffic incidents management, smart grid, and water management and supply should be promoted. • Innovative solutions should be encouraged to offer conveniences and effici- encies in public services such as healthcare, education, employment, eldercare, and culture. • Information service industries should be supported and new types of businesses cultivated. The integration of e-commerce and logistics through information technology should be facilitated.
3.3 INTERNET PLUS
3.3.1 Overview In March 2015, Premier Li Keqiang unveiled the Internet Plus plan, ”to integrate mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, to encourage the healthy development of e-commerce, in- dustrial networks, and Internet banking, and to get Internet-based companies to increase their presence in the international market.”
It has been made clear that Internet Plus project should not only cary economic benefits, but should also improve public services. For example, taxi-hailing apps can help save energy and cut emissions. Online appointment with doctors, telemedicine, and video lectures are also have benefits for a variety of citizens.
The action plan includes development targets and supportive measures for key Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation 21
sectors, which the government hopes can establish new industrial modes. Target sectors include (1) mass entrepreneurship and innovation, (2) manufacturing, (3) agriculture, (4) energy, (5) finance, (6) public services, (7) logistics, (8) e- commerce, (9) traffic, (10) biology and (11) artificial intelligence.
3.3.2 Policies While concrete details of the plan have yet to emerge, a string of policy measures have been unveiled: • A fund of CNY 40 billion will be invested in startups and technologies that are inline with the overall goals of the plan. • China will clear barriers and lower limits for market entry of Internet Plus- related products, optimize the credit system, draft a Big Data strategy and promote legal services. • The government will provide financial support and tax cuts to key companies and projects related to the Internet Plus plan, and encourage local governments to follow suit, while welcoming investors from home and abroad.
Specific sectors announced as part of the plan include: • The development of an ”experience economy” for the support of physical retailers that utilize online stores, mobile payment, smart dressing and other new technologies to create ”experiential shopping patterns”. • Development of a ”sharing economy”, while regulating the development of peer-to-peer car rental, online rental, etc. The government will strive to lower the barriers of entry and improve service standards. • Improvement of systems for traceability of the quality and safety of agricultural products. • Development of intelligent manufacturing and mass customization. • Development of intelligent energy production and distributed energy networks. • Development of financial cloud services platforms. • Development of long-term tracking, forecasting and early warning of personalized health management services. • Building of logistics information sharing exchange systems and intelligent storage systems. • Establishment of e-commerce tracing systems of product quality and cloud service platforms for after-sales quality. • Enhancement of market regulatory systems of Internet food and drug monitoring. • Strengthening dynamic monitoring of resources and the environment, improving the recycling system, and establishing an online waste tracking sy-stem. • Improving the research and industrialization of computer vision, intelligent voice processing, biometrics, natural language understanding, intelligent decision-making, and new human-computer interactive control.
3.3.3 Initiatives & projects Examples of early Internet Plus projects include: • Chinese equipment vendor Huawei to invest CNY 3.4 billion in Internet and Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation 22
communications developers cloud and Internet of Things enablement platform. • SAIC and Alibaba Group announced a joint investment of CNY 1 billion to establish China's first ”Internet car fund”. The fund will be used for ”Internet automotive” research and development. • Honeywell and Huawei will focus on the study of a ”wireless gas detection system with eLTE mission critical network integration”.
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4. BIOMASS
4.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for biomass R&D in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 2,774 people in 995 organizations applied for 2,498 biomass related invention patents in 2013 and 2014. During the same period, 5,027 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. All metrics are indicating rapid growth. The growth in R&D personnel, i.e. the number of people who were involved in the patent is especially noteworthy. The fact that the number of R&D personnel is growing so much faster than the number of patent applications may reflect new incentives or a preference on the part of the companies to involve a greater number of employees in their R&D effort.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 1,995 2,498 25.2% Patenting organizations 739 995 34.6% R&D personnel 724 2,774 283.1% Academic articles 3,779 5,027 33.0% Academic institutions 1,297 1,610 24.1% Academic researchers 12,692 17,067 34.5% Table 4.1
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4.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in biomass R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Beijing (300 applications), Qingdao (245 applications), and Wuhu (179 applications) top the list. In the latter city, patenting is concentrated to a relatively small number of companies.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 115 300 2. Qingdao 72 245 3. Wuhu 17 179 4. Shanghai 58 177 5. Hangzhou 49 156 6. Guangzhou 49 139 7. Nanjing 36 135 8. Tianjin 54 132 9. Suzhou 56 120 10. Hefei 45 83 11. Ji'nan 28 75 12. Chengdu 21 73 13. Wuhan 33 70 14. Dalian 14 69 15. Harbin 17 65 16. Wuxi 26 61 17. Chongqing 19 60 18. Shenyang 16 51 19. Chuzhou 19 48 20. Changsha 21 48 Table 4.2
Figure 4.1
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4.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D within biomass technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Biogas 3,104 2. Biomass 2,001 3. Bacteria 1,845 4. Biofuel 1,688 5. Bioenergy 1,063 6. Lignocellulose 1,059 7. Saponin 822 8. Biofuels 771 9. Pre-treatment 658 10. Hydrolysis 655 11. Bio economy 609 12. Gasification 559 13. Livestock manure 382 14. Biochar 278 15. Refining vegetable oil 78 16. Fast pyrolysis 18 Table 4.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include organic fertilizers, biofuels, environmental protection, saponins, cellulose, waste, fermentation, and anaerobic processes.
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4.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China that are most active in biomass R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Qingdao Fairview Water Trading Co., Ltd. in Qingdao has submitted 38 applications over the last two years. It is collaborating with three of China’s leading universities. Smaller companies are often more interesting than the large ones because they are more specialized. Therefore, attention should be paid to Anhui Meiyu Energy Saving Technology Application Co. Ltd., and Suzhou New Xieli Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Qingdao Fairview Water Trading Co., Ltd. 38 Qingdao 2. Zhejiang University 31 Hangzhou 3. Nankai University 17 Tianjin 4. Beijing Forestry University 17 Beijing 5. South China University of Technology 17 Guangzhou 6. Anhui Meiyu Energy Saving Technology Application Co., Ltd. 17 Wuhu 7. Suzhou New Xieli Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. 16 Suzhou 8. Qingdao Water World Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. 15 Qingdao 9. Jiaxing Vocational Technical College 14 Jiaxing 10. Jiangnan University 14 Wuxi 11. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS 12 Guangzhou 12. Shanghai Jiaotong University 12 Shanghai 13. Harbin Institute of Technology 12 Harbin 14. Changzhou University 12 Changzhou 15. Tsinghua University 12 Beijing 16. Dalian Chuangda Tech Trading Co., Ltd. 12 Dalian 17. Siyang County Institute of Agricultural Sciences 11 Suqian 18. Tongji University 11 Shanghai 19. Southeast University 11 Nanjing 20. China Agricultural University 10 Beijing Table 4.4
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4.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that were the most active in biomass R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Despite the fact that several univerities made it to the list of patenting organizations (section 3.4), dominant amount of the most prolific inventors work for private companies. ”No known affiliation” means that the inventor has applied for patents individually, not under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Wang Shengye 38 Qingdao Fairview Water Trading Co., Ltd. Ma'anshan Kebang Ecological Fertilizer Co., 2. Yu Chengjun 34 Ltd. 3. Zhu Yongbiao 22 No known affiliation 4. Tang Dongfeng 21 Qingdao Blue Sky Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Siyang County Institute of Agricultural 5. Li Jichang 21 Sciences 6. Hu Hongjuan 16 Zhejiang University Siyang County Institute of Agricultural 7. Tang Xunwen 13 Sciences Suzhou New Xieli Environmental 8. Wang Yunan 13 Technology Co., Ltd. 9. Zhao Yongwei 10 Qingdao Tianren Environment Co., Ltd. 10. Wang Jian 10 No known affiliation 11. Hua Chunsheng 10 Qingdao Tianren Environment Co., Ltd. 12. Fang Zheng 9 Hefei CRE Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd. 13. Xu Dongtao 9 Jiangsu Shenhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 14. Liu Suzhou New Xieli Environmental Shusheng 8 Technology Co., Ltd. Guangxi Liuzhou Dredging Industry 15. Deng Xiaoan 8 Technology Co., Ltd. Table 4.5
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4.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Entities associated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences top the list, followed by Zhejiang University in Hangzhou and China Agricultural University in Beijing.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 994 Beijing 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 259 Beijing 3. Zhejiang University 205 Hangzhou 4. China Agricultural University 166 Beijing 5. Beijing Forestry University 132 Beijing 6. Tsinghua University 109 Beijing 7. Nanjing Agricultural University 91 Nanjing 8. South China University of Technology 83 Guangzhou 9. Peking University 82 Beijing 10. Tianjin University 74 Tianjin 11. Northwest A and F University 70 Yangling 12. North China Electric Power University 70 Beijing 13. University of Science and Technology of China 69 Hefei 14. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 65 Beijing 15. Chinese Academy of Forestry 65 Beijing 16. Xiamen University 62 Xiamen 17. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 62 Shanghai 18. Beijing Normal University 62 Beijing 19. Harbin Institute of Technology 61 Harbin 20. Tongji University 58 Shanghai Table 4.6
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4.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Sun Runcang (Beijing Forestry Xu Feng (171), Ren Junli University) 45 (72), Liu Chuanfu (61) Yan Beibei (27), Ma Wenchao (15), Fang 2. Chen Guanyi (Tibet University) 39 Mengxiang (11) Sun Runcang (171), Zuo 3. Xu Feng (Xi'an Jiaotong Dunwen (65), Lu Tian Jian University) 34 (51) Wang Aijie (176), Guo 4. Ren Nanqi (Harbin Institute of Wanqian (86), Duu-Jong Technology) 31 Lee Duujong (58) Dong Changqing (61), Zhu 5. Lu Qiang (North China Electric Xifeng (29), Ye Xiaoning Power University) 30 (11) 6. Fu Yao (University of Science and Guo Qingxiang (106), Liu Technology of China) 29 Lei (50), Liu Lei (37) Zhou Junhu (576), Luo Zhongyang (512), Liu 7. Cen Kefa (Zhejiang University) 29 Jianzhong (325) Jin Baosheng (98), Huang Yaji (44), Zhong Zhaoping 8. Xiao Rui (Southeast University) 28 (43) Dong Ming (48), He 9. Yu Feihai (Beijing Forestry Weiming (18), Dong University) 27 Bicheng (15) 10. Ma Longlong (Guangzhou Wang Tiejun (119), Wu Institute of Energy Conversion of Chuangzhi (79), Zhang Qi the Chinese Academy of Sciences) 26 (40) Table 4.7
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4.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Efficient hydrolyzation of cellulose 1. Sun Beijing Forestry in ionic liquid by novel sulfonated Runcang University 10,542 biomass-based catalysts Biomass to hydrogen-rich syngas 2. Chen via catalytic steam gasification of Guanyi Tibet University 902 bio-oil/biochar slurry Research progress on the microscopy and micro- 3. Xu Xi'an Jiaotong spectroscopy in biomass Feng University 10,329 pretreatment Treatment of biodiesel production wastes with simultaneous 4. Ren Harbin Institute of electricity generation using a Nanqi Technology 7,748 single-chamber microbial fuel cell Thermogravimetric analysis of 5. Lu North China Electric different biomass materials and Qiang Power University 1,036 the primary biomass components Production of acetic acid from lignocellulosic biomass in the University of Science presence of mineral acid and and Technology of oxygen under hydrothermal 6. Fu Yao China 6,046 condition Investigation of emission behavior of inorganic element during 7. Cen biomass entrained flow Kefa Zhejiang University 13,378 gasification Upgrading of liquid fuel from fast 8. Xiao pyrolysis of biomass over modified Rui Southeast University 2,841 Ni/CNT catalysts Heterogeneous light supply affects growth and biomass allocation of the understory fern 9. Yu Beijing Forestry diplopterygium glaucum at high Feihai University 965 patch contrast Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Liquid fuel production by aqueous 10. Ma of the Chinese phase catalytic transformation of Longlong Academy of Sciences 1,656 biomass for aviation Table 4.8
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5. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
5.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for biomedical engineering R&D, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 21,940 people in 6,907 organizations applied for 43,841 biomedial engineering related invention patents in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 1,506 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The data suggests that commercial R&D (indicated by patenting activity) has grown much more rapidly than academic research (indicated by academic publications). R&D personnel, i.e. the number of inventors involved in the invention patent applications have increased by an incredible amount of 730% between the two periods under study. This may, however, reflect policy incentives or a preference of the companies to involve more of their employees in its R&D effort. It is also noteworthy that the number of organizations that applied for patents grew by 40%.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 34,236 43,841 28.1% Patenting organizations 4,907 6,907 40.8% R&D personnel 2,647 21,940 728.9% Academic articles 1,355 1,506 11.1% Academic institutions 1,077 1,215 12.8% Academic researchers 5,347 5,472 2.3% Table 5.1
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5.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in biomedical engineering R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Shanghai (3,685 applications) and Beijing (3,669) top the list. But among second-tier cities, Qingdao, Suzhou and Nanjing stand out as important locations. The later are, in some sense, more interesting; Beijing and Shanghai top the list in many different sectors, while the position of the smaller cities on the list imply that they are more specialized.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Shanghai 806 3,685 2. Beijing 819 3,669 3. Qingdao 238 3,245 4. Suzhou 545 2,342 5. Nanjing 323 2,198 6. Tianjin 401 1,868 7. Chengdu 293 1,841 8. Guangzhou 416 1,839 9. Ji'nan 150 1,818 10. Shenzhen 382 1,691 11. Chongqing 170 1,308 12. Xi'an 198 1,179 13. Hangzhou 276 1,098 14. Zhengzhou 106 876 15. Wuxi 194 818 16. Wuhan 206 742 17. Jining 25 712 18. Shenyang 86 703 19. Yantai 56 694 20. Harbin 99 691 Table 5.2
Figure 5.1
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5.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D biomedical engineering in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Disease treatment 76,483 2. Skin treatment 17,155 3. Injection devices 13,732 4. Surgery devices 10,813 5. Tumor treatment 8,561 6. Medical devices 8,104 7. Bioavailability 5,607 8. Medical tech 607 Table 5.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include drug treatments, medical devices, skin care, targeted therapies and capsules, and disinfection.
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5.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China that are most active in biomedical R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology submitted 214 applications. It collaborated with a mix of research hospitals, academic institutions, and biomedical companies.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology 214 Luoyang 2. Zhejiang University 164 Hangzhou 3. Nanjing Qinhuai Hospital 148 Nanjing 4. Hainan Wekong Pharmaceutical (Qianshan) Co., Ltd. 128 Anqing 5. Second Military Medical University 124 Shanghai 6. Shanghai Jiaotong University 119 Shanghai 7. China Pharmaceutical University 110 Nanjing 8. Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology 98 Shenzhen 9. Qingdao Sanding Health Products Co., Ltd. 95 Qingdao 10. Shanghai Lianying Medical Technology Co., Ltd. 94 Shanghai 11. Shaanxi Yifu Beauty Therapy Technology Co., Ltd. 83 Xi'an 12. Jinan CareRay Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd. 77 Ji'nan 13. Chengdu Luke Huatong Technologies Co., Ltd. 72 Chengdu 14. Heilongjiang Jiangheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 71 Harbin 15. Guangzhou Danqi Riyong Chemicals Co., Ltd. 71 Guangzhou 16. Qingdao Daohe Biotech Co., Ltd. 68 Qingdao 17. Shenyang Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd. 67 Shenyang 18. Kunshan Shengguang Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 64 Suzhou 19. Qingdao Bowang Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 63 Qingdao 20. Chengdu Luke Huatong Technologies Co., Ltd. 72 Chengdu Table 5.4
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5.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in biomedical R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The top three inventors are active in research hospitals, while several of the subsequent positions are occupied by inventors at private companies. ”No known affiliation” means that the inventor has applied for patents individually, not under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Gong Xieying 348 Qingdao Municipal Hospital 2. Tang Dongfeng 237 Binzhou Medical College Hospital First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of 3. Luo Minjian 139 Science and Technology 4. Dong Jianlin 136 Comay (Changzhou) Electronics Co., Ltd. 5. Yu Chengjun 132 Dangtu County Kehui Trading Co., Ltd. 6. Meng Li 116 No known affiliation 7. Cai Xuejun 100 Fuzhou University Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese 8. Li Gaoxia 96 Medicine Yunnan Baiyao Qinyitang Pharmaceutical Co., 9. Wu Kailei 81 Ltd. Tongling Guisheng Ecological Farming Co., 10. Ju Xiang 79 Ltd. 11. Xu Baoquan 79 Fuyang Teachers College Chengdu Boyue Chuangxin Technology Co., 12. Yuan Ying 70 Ltd. 13. Yu Lixia 68 Qingdao Daohe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 14. Hao Chuanxin 67 Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology 15. Wu Bingzhong 64 Huzhou Kangqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Table 5.5
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5.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Capital Medical University in Beijing is the top institution, while the subsequent ones – Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, and Fudan University – are large institutions that are prominent in various sectors. Other more specialized institutions on the list include Nanjing Medical University and Southern Medical University.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Capital Medical University 31 Beijing 2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 28 Beijing 3. Zhejiang University 27 Hangzhou 4. Fudan University 27 Shanghai 5. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 26 Shanghai 6. Sichuan University 24 Chengdu 7. Tsinghua University 24 Beijing 8. Second Military Medical University 22 Shanghai 9. Shanghai Jiaotong University 19 Shanghai 10. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 18 Wuhan 11. Peking University 18 Beijing 12. Third Military Medical University 15 Chongqing 13. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 15 Beijing 14. Sun Yat-sen University 14 Guangzhou 15. Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital 14 Beijing 16. Nanjing Medical University 12 Nanjing 17. Southern Medical University 11 Guangzhou 18. Soochow University 11 Suzhou 19. Southeast University 11 Nanjing 20. Fourth Military Medical University 10 Xi'an Table 5.6
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5.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Guo Shuxiang (Air Force Xiao Nan (52), Ye Xiufen Engineering University China) 8 (45), Gao Baofeng (41) Hao Hongwei (44), Ma Bozhi (16), Hu Chunhua 2. Li Luming (Tsinghua University) 6 (13) Chen Yingying (59), Song Wenhai (48), Long 3. Yang Jie (Tsinghua University) 6 Shengru (47) 4. Li Tao (Research Center for Eco- Fei Shumin (65), Zhu Environmental Sciences Chinese Shining (64), Liu Academy of Sciences) 5 Liangming (50) Zhang Zuoguang (133), 5. Li. Min (State Key Laboratory of Gu Yizhuo (102), Sun Heavy Oil Processing) 4 Gang (55) 6. Liu Qingfang (Soochow Chen Guochong (11), Liu University) 4 Wen (8), Yang Yang (7) 7. Wang Qiang (Chinese Academy of He Jicheng (127), Shen Yi Agricultural Sciences) 4 (97), Xiong Lize (69) Chen Liangwan (26), 8. Cao Hua (Gansu Province People's Zhang Guican (24), Chen Hospital) 4 Daozhong (18) Jia Lianshun (57), Chen Deyu (48), Zhou Xuhui 9. Yuan Wen (Changzheng Hospital) 4 (29) Zheng Lirong (18), Yang 10. Xie Li (The Royal Institute of Geng (10), Mäntysalo Technology (KTH)) 4 Matti (9) Table 5.7
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5.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article A novel hybrid microrobot using 1. Guo Air Force Engineering rotational magnetic field for Shuxiang University China 2,348 medical applications An Experimental Study of Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Fracture: 2. Li Possible Fatigue Mechanisms and Luming Tsinghua University 336 Prevention Approach Fibrin sheath formation and intimal thickening after catheter 3. Yang placement in dog model: Role of Jie Tsinghua University N/A hemodynamic wall shear stress From offline toward real-time: A Research Center for hybrid systems model checking Eco-Environmental and CPS co-design approach for Sciences Chinese Medical Device Plug-and-Play 4. Li Tao Academy of Sciences N/A (MDPnP) Radiofrequency-assisted versus clamp-crushing parenchyma State Key Laboratory transection in cirrhotic patients of Heavy Oil with hepatocellular carcinoma: A 5. Li. Min Processing N/A randomized clinical trial Study on blood compatibility of a 6. Liu central venous catheter and its Qingfang Soochow University 37 pyrogen test The airway scope may be less effective for tracheal intubation 7. Wang Chinese Academy of under direct daylight in a Qiang Agricultural Sciences N/A prehospital environment Safety and feasibility of intra- operative device closure of atrial 8. Cao Gansu Province septal defect with transthoracic Hua People's Hospital 136 minimal invasion The use of a zero-profile device compared with an anterior plate and cage in the treatment of patients with symptomatic cervical 9. Yuan spondylosis: A preliminary clinical Wen Changzheng Hospital 959 investigation Heterogeneous integration of bio- The Royal Institute of sensing system-on-chip and 10. Xie Li Technology (KTH) 77 printed electronics Table 5.8
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6. BIOTECH
6.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for biotech R&D, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 4,616 people in 1,084 organizations applied for 3,226 biotech related invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 14,755 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The numbers indicate that academic publications in biotech grew faster than R&D did between the two periods. The number that really stands out is the almost 500% increase in the number of people involved in the R&D effort. As a similar jump can also be seen in other sectors in this report, it is suspected that it is caused by policy incentives or a general preference among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 2,710 3,226 19.0% Patenting organizations 843 1,084 28.6% R&D personnel 775 4,616 495.6% Academic articles 11,562 14,755 27.6% Academic institutions 1,307 1,935 48.0% Academic researchers 10,182 15,821 55.4% Table 6.1
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6.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in biotech R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Beijing and Shanghai top the list, dominating most R&D sectors. It is noteworthy that some lower-tier cities of Nanjing (397 applications), Wuxi (216 applications), and Hangzhou (177 applications), standing out as important biotech locations. It is clear from the map that the Yangtze River Delta is an important hub in biotech R&D.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 200 516 2. Shanghai 138 483 3. Nanjing 77 397 4. Wuxi 23 216 5. Guangzhou 55 187 6. Hangzhou 54 177 7. Qingdao 54 174 8. Wuhan 47 169 9. Tianjin 45 147 10. Shenzhen 56 121 11. Chuzhou 2 119 12. Chengdu 45 115 13. Suzhou 45 103 14. Harbin 21 103 15. Changchun 21 96 16. Zhenjiang 21 90 17. Kunming 25 85 18. Dalian 18 84 19. Chongqing 23 84 20. Ji'nan 29 75 Table 6.2
Figure 6.1
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6.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in biotechnology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Genetic engineering 4,788 2. Protein 4,021 3. Recombination 2,244 4. Biomedicine 2,115 5. Clone 1,707 6. Biological diagnostic 989 7. Food ingredient 856 8. Biopharma 719 9. Ecosystem 715 10. Biological equipment 545 11. Life science 406 12. Biomarker 375 13. Biometrics 261 14. Neuroscience 246 15. Customized pharmaceuticals 20 16. Biobank 13 Table 6.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include genetic engineering, DNA amplification, cell screening and tissue engineering.
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6.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China that are most active in biotechnology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013- 2014. The list is dominated by universities, with Jiangnan University in Wuxi and Shanghai Jiaotong University in Shanghai at the top. Among companies, Zhongshan Naide Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Jiangmen is the most prolific inventor. The top universitise are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta while the top companies are spread out in various second and third tier cities.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Jiangnan University 129 Wuxi 2. Shanghai Jiaotong University 58 Shanghai 3. Nanjing Agricultural College 41 Nanjing 4. Shandong Agricultural University 34 Tai'an 5. Fudan University 34 Shanghai 6. Nanchang University 33 Nanchang 7. Huazhong Agricultural University 32 Wuhan 8. South China Agricultural University 30 Guangzhou 9. Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences 27 Nanjing 10. Jilin University 25 Changchun 11. Tianjin University 24 Tianjin 12. Zhejiang University 22 Hangzhou 13. Sichuan Agricultural University 22 Ya'an 14. Zhongshan Naide Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 14 Jiangmen 15. Nantong Huiran Biotech Co., Ltd. 14 Jiangsu 16. Syme Dalian Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd. 13 Dalian 17. Chongqing Yuanlun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 9 Chongqing 18. Qingdao Weilan Bioengineering Group Co., Ltd. 8 Qingdao 19. Jiangsu Zhonghong Bioengineering Pharmaceutical Institute Co., Ltd. 8 Changzhou 20. Wuhan Kanglu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 6 Wuhan Table 6.4
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6.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in biotechnology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Four of the top inventors work at Jiangnan University in Wuxi, indicating that there is active effort put in commercializing research within the biotech research group. ”No known affiliation” means that the person has applied for patents individualy, not under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. He Zigang 33 Jiangnan University 2. Wang Yusong 30 Jiangnan University 3. Li Ying 24 Institute of Oceanology, CAS 4. Xu Dongtao 23 Nanjing Agricultural College 5. Cai Xuejun 23 Fuzhou University 6. Zhou Xiumei 22 Institute of Oceanology, CAS 7. Huang Anhui Rice Research Institute of Yunduo 20 Agricultural Sciences 8. Shi Xiujin 20 Nanchang University 9. Wang Wenjun 19 China Agricultural University 10. Tang Dongfeng 18 Qingdao Blue Sky Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 11. Liu Pinchao 17 Jiangnan University 12. Shi Xudan 17 Jiangnan University 13. Zhao Hangzhou Lvjie Water Treament Qingduo 16 Technology Co., Ltd. 14. Chen Guangjian 15 No known affiliation 15. Yang Hongzhen 15 Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS Table 6.5
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6.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, and Fudan University top the list. There is a large discrepancy between the list of top patenting academic institutions and the list of top publishing institutions, indicating that some places, such as Zhejiang University and Fudan University, are focusing on non-applied academic research, when other places, such as Jiannan University, are more concerned with applied research and commercialization.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 294 Beijing 2. Zhejiang University 105 Hangzhou 3. Fudan University 85 Shanghai 4. Peking University 77 Beijing 5. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 70 Shanghai 6. Sun Yat-Sen University 64 Guangzhou 7. Central South University 63 Changsha 8. Tsinghua University 59 Beijing 9. Sichuan University 56 Chengdu 10. Capital Medical University 53 Beijing 11. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 51 Beijing 12. Second Military Medical University 46 Shanghai 13. Shandong University 41 Jinan 14. Jilin University 41 Changchun 15. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 40 Beijing 16. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 39 Beijing 17. Nanjing University 39 Nanjing 18. China Agricultural University 37 Beijing 19. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 37 Wuhan 20. Nanjing Medical University 36 Nanjing Table 6.6
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6.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in biotechnology, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Wang Xijun (Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Sun Hui (110), Zhang Aihua Medicine) 21 (101), Yan Guangli (48) Zhang Xiangsun (73), Aihara 2. Chen Luonan (ShanghaiTech Kazuyuki (65), Liu Zhiping University) 20 (37) Leung Gabriel Matthew (151), 3. Lam Tai Hing (University of Jiang Chaoqiang (117), Ho Hong Kong) 20 Daniel Sai Yin (104) Lam Tai Hing (117), Zhang 4. Jiang Chaoqiang (Guangzhou Weisen (97), Cheng Karkeung Number 12 Hospital) 18 (95) 5. Sun Hui (Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Wang Xijun (110), Zhang Medicine) 16 Aihua (96), Yan Guangli (37) 6. Du Guocheng (Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Chen Jian (181), Chen Jian Safety and Nutrition) 14 (113), Liu Long (93) Zhang Tonglai (137), Zhang 7. Yang Li (Shanghai University Jianguo (119), Liu Zhongli of Traditional Chinese Medicine) 13 (94) Jiang Chaoqiang (97), Lam 8. Zhang Weisen (Guangzhou Tai Hing (85), Cheng No. 12 Hospital) 13 Karkeung (82) 9. Chu Paul K. (City University of Fu Ricky (183), Tian Xiubo Hong Kong) 12 (163), Wu Xinglong (152) He Xingyuan (104), Fu 10. Chén Wěi (Jiangnan Xiaobing (63), Zhang Yingze University) 12 (56) Table 6.7
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6.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Heilongjiang University of Metabolic Profiling and Potential 1. Wang Traditional Chinese Biomarkers Analysis of ShenYangXu Xijun Medicine 2,668 Syndrome Identifying module biomarker in type 2 diabetes mellitus by 2. Chen ShanghaiTech discriminative area of functional Luonan University 5,444 activity 3. Lam Tai University of Hong Big biological data: Challenges and Hing Kong 13,104 opportunities Fruit and vegetable consumption Guangzhou and cardiovascular risk factors in 4. Jiang Number 12 older Chinese: The Guangzhou Chaoqiang Hospital 1,624 Biobank Cohort Study Heilongjiang University of Metabolomics in diagnosis and Traditional Chinese biomarker discovery of colorectal 5. Sun Hui Medicine 2,170 cancer Improved production of α- ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) by a Synergetic Bacillus subtilis whole-cell Innovation Center biocatalyst via engineering of l- 6. Du of Food Safety and amino acid deaminase and deletion Guocheng Nutrition 3,427 of the α-KG utilization pathway Shanghai University of CRFs based parallel biomedical Traditional Chinese named entity recognition algorithm 7. Yang Li Medicine N/A employing MapReduce framework Influence of Alzheimer's disease 8. Zhang Guangzhou No. 12 genes on cognitive decline: The Weisen Hospital 970 Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study Enhanced bioactivity of biomedical 9. Chu Paul City University of NiTi through surface plasma K. Hong Kong 20,780 polymerization Comparison and analysis of the 10. Chén Jiangnan genomes of two aspergillus oryzae Wěi University N/A strains Table 6.8
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7. BRAND BASE
7.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in sectors corresponding to the Brand Base within the Danish Innovation Network, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 400 people in 190 organizations applied for 263 brand base related invention patents in 2013 and 2014. During the same period, 3,181 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The rapid growth in the number of people involved in patent applications follows the same pattern as in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy incentives or companies’ growing preference for involving as many people as possible in their R&D. The similarly fast growth in the number of academic research and academic institutions publishing scientific articles in the area, however, is unmatched in other sectors. It is important to note that the metrics are based on patenting and academic articles, and therefore missing organizations and people approaching branding and related sectors in a non-technological and non-scientific angle.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 180 263 46.1% Patenting organizations 104 190 82.7% R&D personnel 112 400 257.1% Academic articles 3,016 3,181 5.5% Academic institutions 342 864 152.6% Academic researchers 1,389 4,691 237.7% Table 7.1
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7.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in sectors corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The megacities of Beijing (59 applications), Shanghai (38 applications), and Shenzhen (23 applications) top the list, which is to be expected given their dominance in R&D in China. The subsequent cities of Nanjing. Suzhou, and Hangzhou are all located in the Yantze River Delta.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 48 59 2. Shanghai 27 38 3. Shenzhen 18 23 4. Nanjing 13 18 5. Suzhou 14 18 6. Hangzhou 9 14 7. Guangzhou 9 12 8. Tianjin 9 11 9. Ji'nan 6 10 10. Chengdu 8 10 11. Qingdao 7 9 12. Zhenjiang 3 8 13. Dalian 4 8 14. Hefei 5 6 15. Xi'an 3 6 16. Wuxi 5 6 17. Wuhu 2 5 18. Wuhan 5 5 19. Chongqing 5 5 20. Kunming 3 5 Table 7.2
Figure 7.1
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7.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in brand base in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Advertising 78 2. Branding 59 3. Marketing 21 4. Communication 19 5. Marketing strategy 17 6. Consumer behavior 12 7. Emotional type 10 8. Business model 8 9. Consumer insights 3 10. Identity construction 3 Table 7.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include advertising, branding, exhibitions, mobile interfaces, and traceability of goods.
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7.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China that are most active sectors corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The top spot is occupied by State Grid Corp, headquartered in Beijing, with 66 patent applications. While smallerand more specialized companies are responsible for for less then 34 patent applications. It seems that some of the biggest state-owned companies in China are the ones dominating research into branding and related sectors.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 66 Beijing 2. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 33 Beijing 3. Beijing Shoucheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. 31 Beijing 4. China University of Mining 22 Xuzhou 5. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute 21 Beijing 6. China Taiyuan Institute of Coal Science and Industry Group Co., Ltd. 17 Taiyuan 7. Shanxi Tiandi Coal Equipment Co., Ltd. 17 Taiyuan 8. Sinopec Refining Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd. 17 Shanghai 9. Guangxi University 16 Nanning 10. Zhenjiang Dingzhi Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. 16 Zhenjiang 11. China National Offshore Oil Corporation 15 Beijing 12. CSR Twenty-seven Vehicle Co., Ltd. 15 Beijing 13. Sinopec Shanghai Engineering Co., Ltd. 15 Shanghai 14. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading Co., Ltd. 15 Suzhou 15. Jiangnan University 13 Wuxi 16. Guangxi University of Technology 13 Liuzhou 17. Wuwei Jinhua Cable Material Co., Ltd. 13 Chaohu 18. Chongqing Laimei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 12 Chongqing 19. Zhejiang University 12 Hangzhou 20. Suzhou Egiga Source Technology Co., Ltd. 12 Suzhou Table 7.4
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7.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in R&D in sectors corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. ”No known affiliation” indicates that a person is applying for a patent individually rather than under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Zhang Wenyi 4 Jiangsu Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. Huzhou Nanxun Shuanglin Zhensen Wood 2. Yu Jingen 3 Processing Factory 3. Feng Xiaoping 3 No known affiliation Beijing Eryiju Science and Technology Co., 4. Wang Bo 2 Ltd. Beijing Eryiju Science and Technology Co., 5. He Decai 2 Ltd. Chengdu Maxtop Lubricating Materials Co., 6. Cao Jinling 2 Ltd. 7. Wei Yin 2 Liuzhou Yan Long Automobile Co., Ltd. 8. Cai Xuejun 2 Oupudeng (Fujian) Optical Co., Ltd. 9. Niu Yunyu 2 Shanghai Institute of Technology Chengdu Maxtop Lubricating Materials Co., 10. Liu Xuelian 2 Ltd. 11. Tang Dongfeng 2 Zhejiang Zhongding Textile Co., Ltd. 12. Chen Weijin 2 Liuzhou Yan Long Automobile Co., Ltd. 13. Zhang Binbin 2 Xiamen University 14. Shen Hui 2 Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology 15. Ma Ning 2 Shanghai Institute of Technology Table 7.5
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7.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Tsinghua University 86 Beijing 2. Zhejiang University 44 Hangzhou 3. Chinese Academy of Sciences 43 Beijing 4. Harbin Institute of Technology 42 Harbin 5. Peking University 39 Beijing 6. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 36 Beijing 7. City University of Hong Kong 35 Hongkong 8. Wuhan University of Technology 35 Wuhan 9. Tongji University 34 Shanghai 10. Wuhan University 33 Wuhan 11. Renmin University of China 33 Beijing 12. Sun Yat-Sen University 32 Guangzhou 13. University of Science and Technology of China 31 Hefei 14. Fudan University 31 Shanghai 15. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 30 Wuhan 16. Sichuan University 29 Chengdu 17. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 27 Shanghai 18. Nanjing University 25 Nanjing 19. Beijing Jiaotong University 25 Beijing 20. Chongqing University 23 Chongqing Table 7.6
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7.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in this sector, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Nguyen Bang (East China Melewar T. C. (10), Simkin University of Science and Lyndon (7), Klaus Philipp Phil Technology) 24 (6) 2. Zeng Daniel (Institute of Wang Feiyue (58), Chen Automation Chinese Academy of Hsinchun (54), Zheng Sciences) 20 Xiaolong (34) Leung Rosanna (20), Ye 3. Law Rob (School of Hotel and Qiang (17), Leung Daniel Tourism Management) 16 (16) 4. Chen Jingdong (Xi'an Han Wei (8), Hu Yilin (5), University of Technology) 14 Gao Xiaoqian (4) 5. Fang Zheng (Sichuan Yang Yang (10), Xu Yanyan University) 11 (7), Cai Jing (6) 6. Yang Yanwu (Huazhong University of Science and Zeng Daniel(10), Qin Rui(8), Technology) 11 Zhang Jie(5) 7. Qin Rui (Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Yang Yanwu (8), Li Juanjuan Sciences) 10 (7), Yuan Yong (5) 8. Zhang Kem Z K (University of Lee Matthew (19), Zhao Science and Technology of Sesia (17), Cheung Mei Kwan China) 10 (8) 9. Yang Zhilin (City University of Cai Shaohan(10), Wang Hong Kong) 8 Xuehua(10), Jun Minjoon(7) 10. Chong Woonkian (Xi'an Man K. L.(12), Sun Yan(6), Jiaotong-Liverpool University) 8 Rho Seungmin(5) Table 7.7
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7.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article East China Public affairs in China: Exploring University of the role of brand fairness 1. Nguyen Science and perceptions in the case of Bang Technology 88 Mercedes-Benz Institute of Automation Chinese Information overload and viral 2. Zeng Academy of marketing: Countermeasures and Daniel Sciences 2,553 strategies School of Hotel and Factors influencing the Tourism effectiveness of online group 3. Law Rob Management 4,043 buying in the restaurant industry The theory and empirical research 4. Chen Xi'an University of of customer marketing based on Jingdong Technology 2 satisfaction 5. Fang Mobile adverting: The new Zheng Sichuan University 15 promising marketing channel Huazhong University of A stochastic model for budget 6. Yang Science and distribution over time in search Yanwu Technology 75 advertisements Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Information disclosure in real-time 7. Qin Rui Sciences 45 bidding advertising markets Consumer participation and University of gender differences on companies' 8. Zhang Science and microblogs: A brand attachment Kem Z K Technology of China 82 process perspective The Developmental Process of 9. Yang City University of Unethical Consumer Behavior: An Zhilin Hong Kong 1,803 Investigation Grounded in China A Recommendation Model Using 10. Chong Xi'an Jiaotong- the Bandwagon Effect for E- Woonkian Liverpool University 31 Marketing Purposes in IoT Table 7.8
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8. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTION
8.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in the sector of climate change adaption in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 484 people in 222 organizations applied for 344 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 5,830 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The increase over 240% in the number of people involved in R&D between the two periods might be a result of policy incentives or changing company preferences in favor of involving more people in their R&D efforts. Even disregarding that metric, however, patenting in climate change adaption has grown exceptionally fast. Academic publications, while lagging behind R&D, still grew by almost 30% between the two periods.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 208 344 65.4% Patenting organizations 127 222 74.8% R&D personnel 141 484 243.3% Academic articles 4,544 5,830 28.3% Academic institutions 1,681 2,112 25.6% Academic researchers 12,312 16,495 34.0% Table 8.1
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8.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in climate change adaption R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. While Beijing and Nanjing top the list, Lantian County in Shaanxi stands out unexpectedly with a large number of applications – all of which are made by private individuals not explicitly affiliated with any organization. Compared to most other sectors mapped in this report, second and third tier cities such as Chengdu and Dalian are more prolific than megacities such as Shanghai and Shenzhen. Cities Number of Number of organizations applications 1. Beijing 68 56 2. Nanjing 15 27 3. Lantian County in Shaanxi Province 0 24 4. Chengdu 12 21 5. Dalian 7 18 6. Shanghai 12 18 7. Hezhou 0 16 8. Wuxi 13 15 9. Wuhan 10 14 10. Qingdao 10 14 11. Shenyang 7 13 12. Ji'nan 4 12 13. Xi'an 11 12 14. Zhengzhou 5 9 15. Chongqing 5 8 16. Suzhou 7 8 17. Tianjin 7 8 18. Guiyang 4 7 19. Lu'an 3 7 20. Zhenjiang 5 6 Table 8.2
Figure 8.1
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8.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in climate change adaption in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Flood protection 321 2. Geological disaster 203 3. Climate impact 190 4. Climate change 189 5. Weather monitoring 119 6. Global warming 100 7. Extreme weather 64 8. Early warning 64 9. Flood control 30 10. Climate adaptation 18 Table 8.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include flood protection, early warning systems, and modeling and forecasting.
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8.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in climate change adaption, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Both state-owned companies (such as State Grid Corp), private companies (such as Beijing Qicaiweiye Digital Technology Co., Ltd.), universities (such as Hohai University), and private and public research institutes are active in this sector. It is noteworthy that the state-owned energy giant State Grid Corp appears to investing in climate change adaption technology.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 11 Beijing 2. Hohai University 7 Nanjing 3. Dalian Hengda Fiberglass Boats Co., Ltd. 4 Dalian 4. China Electric Power Construction Group Chengdu Survey and Design Institute 3 Chengdu 5. Shenyang Resistant Alloy Pump Co., Ltd. 3 Shenyang 6. Ministry of Water Resources and Transport Energy Bureau Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute 3 Nanjing 7. North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower 3 Zhengzhou 8. Chongqing University 3 Chongqing 9. Anhui Hongye Energy Saving Appliances Technology Co., Ltd. 3 Lu'an 10. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS 3 Beijing 11. Huoshan Baoxin Park Dendrobium Development Co., Ltd. 3 Lu'an 12. Shandong Luneng Software Technologies Ltd. 3 Ji'nan 13. Beijing Qicaiweiye Digital Technology Co., Ltd. 2 Beijing 14. Ning Xia Jiaxiang Automation Technology Co., Ltd. 2 Yinchuan 15. China University of Mining (Beijing) 2 Beijing 16. Nanjing Leaowei Electric Co., Ltd. 2 Nanjing 17. SiChuan university 2 Chengdu 18. Chengdu Kechuang Jiasi Technology Co., Ltd. 2 Chengdu 19. Zhejiang Province Hydro and Power Design Institute 2 Hangzhou 20. Zhuhai Seine Printing Technology Co. 2 Zhuhai Table 8.4
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8.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in climate change adaption R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Several of the top inventors have no known affiliation, meaning that they applied for patents in their own names, rather than under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Chen Jianhong 15 No known affiliation 2. Luo Shizhuo 10 No known affiliation 3. Yu Huoshan Baoxin Park Dendrobium Development Chengjun 6 Co., Ltd. 4. Huang Jie 6 No known affiliation 5. Liao Jilan 5 No known affiliation 6. Tang Dongfeng 4 Jiangsu Yinzhu Chemical Group Co., Ltd. 7. Feng Lianxiu 4 No known affiliation 8. Chen Jinping 4 No known affiliation 9. Hua Xiangyang 4 Dalian Hengda Fiberglass Boats Co., Ltd. Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Transport 10. Bao and the National Energy Board Nanjing Hydraulic Zhenxin 3 Research Institute Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Transport 11. Jin and the National Energy Board Nanjing Hydraulic Junliang 3 Research Institute Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Transport 12. Wang and the National Energy Board Nanjing Hydraulic Guoqing 3 Research Institute 13. Wu China Electric Power Construction Group Zhongwei 3 Chengdu Survey and Design Institute 14. Wu Shenyang Corrosion Resistant Alloy Pump Co., Guiming 3 Ltd. Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Transport 15. He and the National Energy Board Nanjing Hydraulic Ruimin 3 Research Institute Table 8.5
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8.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Institutions associated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences are especially active in the area. Beijing Normal University and Peking University and other centers are of activity as well. It is clear that Beijing-based institutions dominate academic research in climate change adaption.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 1,479 Beijing 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 378 Beijing 3. Beijing Normal University 340 Beijing 4. Peking University 174 Beijing 5. Tsinghua University 153 Beijing 6. Lanzhou University 144 Lanzhou 7. Hohai University 139 Nanjing 8. Nanjing University 139 Nanjing 9. Wuhan University 134 Wuhan 10. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 112 Beijing 11. China University of Geosciences 107 Beijing 12. China Agricultural University 98 Beijing 13. Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 91 Nanjing 14. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 89 Beijing 15. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research 84 Beijing 16. Zhejiang University 80 Hangzhou 17. East China Normal University 74 Shanghai 18. China Meteorological Administration 71 Beijing 19. Sun Yat-sen University 66 Guangzhou 20. Beijing Forestry University 64 Beijing Table 8.6
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8.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in this sector, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Tao Fulu (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Zhang Zhao (46), Resources Research Chinese Yokozawa Masayuki (16), Academy of Sciences) 44 Shi Wenjiao (15) Li Weihong (126), Chen 2. Chen Yaning (Chinese Academy of Yapeng (39), Xu Sciences) 35 Changchun (23) 3. Guo Shenglian (Wuhan Liu Pan (43), Chen Lu (21), University) 34 Yan Baowei (15) 4. Xia Jun (Hong Kong University of Lei Wei (25), Yin HanChun Science and Technology) 33 (22), Zhang Yongyong (22) 5. Yu Guirui (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Sun Xiaomin (84), Wen Resources Research Chinese Xuefa (40), Fang Huajun Academy of Sciences) 32 (35) Shi Zuomin (40), Sun 6. Liu Shirong (Chinese Academy of Pengsen (19), An Shuqing Forestry) 30 (18) Singh Vijay Pratap Ratap (34), Chen Yongqindavid 7. Xu Chongyu (Wuhan University) 30 (27), Zhang Zengxin (21) 8. Zhou Tianjun (Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Yu Rucong (27), Wu Bo Academy of Sciences) 30 (24), Wang Bin (19) Ciais Philippe (70), Fang Jingyun (26), Friedlingstein 9. Piao Shilong (Peking University) 28 Pierre (15) 10. Ge Quansheng (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Zheng Jingyun (60), Hao Academy of Sciences) 27 Zhixin (34), Dai Junhu (31) Table 8.7
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8.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Institute of Impacts of climate change as a Geographical Sciences function of global mean and Natural Resources temperature: Maize Research Chinese productivity and water use in 1. Tao Fulu Academy of Sciences 1,498 China The Nonlinear trend of runoff and its response to climate 2. Chen Chinese Academy of change in the Aksu River, Yaning Sciences 2,252 western China Joint Operation and Dynamic 3. Guo Control of Flood Limiting Water Shenglian Wuhan University 689 Levels for Cascade Reservoirs Changes of climate extremes in Hong Kong University a typical arid zone: of Science and Observations and multimodel 4. Xia Jun Technology 5,547 ensemble projections Institute of Geographical Sciences The impacts of climate change and Natural Resources and human activities on Research Chinese biogeochemical cycles on the 5. Yu Guirui Academy of Sciences 3,205 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Effects of future climate change, CO 2 enrichment, and vegetation structure variation 6. Liu Chinese Academy of on hydrological processes in Shirong Forestry 1,803 China Distinguishing the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on variation of 7. Xu streamflow in the poyang lake Chongyu Wuhan University 5,288 catchment, china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Changes in climate extremes 8. Zhou Chinese Academy of and their impacts on the Tianjun Sciences 4,272 natural physical environment Terrestrial carbon cycle 9. Piao affected by non-uniform Shilong Peking University 5,615 climate warming Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources The effect of climate change on 10. Ge Research Chinese the fall foliage vacation in Quansheng Academy of Sciences 1,163 China Table 8.8
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9. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
9.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in energy technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 2,230 people in 924 organizations applied for 1,587 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period, 11,764 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The extremely rapid growth in the number of people involved in R&D follows the same pattern as for other sectors mapped in this report and might be a consequence of policy incentives of a growing preference among companies to involve more employees in their R&D. Even without this figure, however, growth in patenting as well as in academic publications surpassed 20% between the two periods.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 1,315 1,587 20.7% Patenting organizations 761 924 21.4% R&D personnel 645 2,230 245.7% Academic articles 8,921 11,764 31.9% Academic institutions 2,667 3,250 21.9% Academic researchers 22,676 28,693 26.5% Table 9.1
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9.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in energy technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Beijing and Shanghai top the list, which is to be expected given their dominance in R&D in Chian. They are followed by the second-tier cities Tianjin (100 applications), Suzhou (92 applications), Nanjing (83 applications), and Changsha (71 applications). The map shows a stronger position of the Bohai Rim (especially Beijing and Tianjin) than what is usually found in other sectors mapped in this study.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 215 288 2. Shanghai 82 140 3. Tianjin 65 100 4. Suzhou 62 92 5. Nanjing 61 83 6. Changsha 17 71 7. Guangzhou 39 65 8. Shenzhen 31 65 9. Qingdao 36 58 10. Chengdu 32 54 11. Wuxi 35 50 12. Zhenjiang 34 48 13. Shenyang 20 45 14. Wuhan 17 42 15. Harbin 17 41 16. Ji'nan 18 41 17. Hangzhou 28 40 18. Xi'an 20 38 19. Hefei 18 31 20. Dalian 20 30 Table 9.2
Figure 9.1
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9.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in energy technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Energy consumption 3,516 2. Renewable energy 1,430 3. Energy efficiency 1,197 4. Energy saving 709 5. Smart grid 571 6. Solar energy 505 7. Environmental pollution 260 8. Intelligent energy 238 9. Energy storage 203 10. Integrated energy system 24 Table 9.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include smart grid, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and electricity generation technologies.
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9.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in energy technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The State Grid and other companies in the utilities sector dominate the list, along with universities (such as Changsha University of Science & Technology) and public research institutes (such as China Electric Power Research Institute).
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 110 Beijing 2. Changsha University of Science & Technology 40 Changsha 3. China Electric Power Research Institute 28 Beijing 4. Qiqihar Yue Feng Technology Co., Ltd. 26 Qiqihar 5. State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company 21 Shanghai 6. North China Electric Power University 15 Beijing 7. Shanghai Jiaotong University 15 Shanghai 8. NARI Technology Co., Ltd. 12 Beijing 9. North China Electric Power University (Baoding) 11 Baoding 10. Tsinghua University 11 Beijing 11. Hohai University 10 Nanjing 12. Jiangsu Provincial Power Company 9 Beijing 13. Guangdong University of Technology 9 Guangzhou 14. Northeastern University 8 Shenyang 15. Foshan Shenfeng Aviation Technology Co., Ltd. 8 Foshan 16. Harbin Logstor Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 8 Harbin 17. Hubei University of Technology 8 Wuhan 18. Xi'an Jiaotong University 7 Xi'an 19. State Grid Fujian Electric Power Company 7 Beijing 20. Suzhou Huawei Elevator Parts Co., Ltd. 7 Suzhou Table 9.4
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9.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in energy technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. ”No known affiliation” means that that the individual has applied for patents as a private person, not under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications Changsha University of Science & 1. Peng Wei 29 Technology 2. Liang Zuohong 26 Qiqihar Yue Feng Technology Co., Ltd. 3. Xu Guowen 13 State Grid Corporation Tongling Fangzheng Plastic Industry 4. Yu Chengjun 13 Technology Co., Ltd. 5. Tang Dongfeng 12 Suzhou Zhengdian Precision Co., Ltd 6. Dong Jianlin 11 NARI Technology Co., Ltd. Harbin Logstor Energy Technology Co., 7. Wang Hui 9 Ltd. Harbin Logstor Energy Technology Co., 8. Lai Zhencheng 8 Ltd. Harbin Logstor Energy Technology Co., 9. Zhang Jushan 8 Ltd. 10. Wang Baoyun 8 State Grid Corporation 11. Liang Yan 8 Northeastern University 12. Wang Yatao 7 No known affiliation 13. Peng Xiaochong 7 No known affiliation 14. Ji Zhigang 7 No known affiliation 15. Kong Wei 7 No known affiliation Table 9.5
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9.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Beijing-based heavy-weight institutions of Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences top the list. They are followed by the more specialized North China Electric Power University, which is also located in Beijing.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Tsinghua University 581 Beijing 2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 485 Beijing 3. North China Electric Power University 453 Beijing 4. Zhejiang University 275 Hangzhou 5. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 265 Beijing 6. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 239 Shanghai 7. Tianjin University 209 Tianjin 8. Southeast University 208 Nanjing 9. China Electric Power Research Institute 184 Beijing 10. Harbin Institute of Technology 177 Harbin 11. Dalian University of Technology 173 Dalian 12. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 172 Wuhan 13. Beijing Jiaotong University 170 Beijing 14. University of Science and Technology of China 164 Hefei 15. South China University of Technology 160 Guangzhou 16. Xi'an Jiaotong University 152 Xi'an 17. Chongqing University 147 Chongqing 18. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 147 Beijing 19. Northeastern University 137 Shenyang 20. Tongji University 133 Shanghai Table 9.6
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9.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Lin Boqiang (Xiamen Ouyang Xiaoling (9), Wesseh University) 58 Presley K. (8), Du Kerui (6) 2. Niu Zhisheng (Tsinghua Zhou Sheng (75), Zheng Junli University) 51 (23), Gong Jie (22) 3. Zhou Sheng (Tsinghua Niu Zhisheng (75), Gong Jie University) 44 (20), Wang Xiaolei (9) 4. Yang. Yongping (North China Du. Xiaoze (97), Yang Lijun Electric Power University) 43 (74), Dong Changqing (72) YANG Zhi-feng (84), Chen 5. Chen Bin (Beijing Normal Guoqian (37), Liu Gengyuan University) 41 (33) 6. Shu Lei (Guangdong University of Petrochemical Han Guangjie (38), Wang Lei Technology) 37 (28), Niu Jianwei (24) 7. Yu Feirichard (Carleton Leung Victor C. M. (39), Ji University) 36 Hong (33), Tang Helen (27) 8. Yang Chenyang (Beihang Han Shengqian (31), Tian University) 36 Yafei (26), Liu Tingting (20) 9. Ji Hong (Beijing University of Li Xi (59), Yu Feirichard (33), Posts and Telecommunications) 35 Li Yi (31) Peyghambarian Nasser G. (49), Schülzgen Axel (42), 10. Lì Lì (Nankai University) 34 Qiao Fei (37) Table 9.7
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9.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Metafroniter energy efficiency 1. Lin with CO2 emissions and its Boqiang Xiamen University 772 convergence analysis for China Solar radiation prediction and 2. Niu energy allocation for energy Zhisheng Tsinghua University 1,359 harvesting base stations Energy efficient power allocation for collaborative 3. Zhou mobile clouds with information Sheng Tsinghua University 396 and power transfer Optimizing operation of a solar-aided coal-fired power 4. Yang. North China Electric system based on the solar Yongping Power University 2,943 contribution evaluation method Urban energy consumption: Different insights from energy flow analysis, input-output 5. Chen Beijing Normal analysis and ecological network Bin University 3,490 analysis Guangdong University Bandwidth-adaptive application of Petrochemical partitioning for execution time 6. Shu Lei Technology 803 and energy optimization An energy-efficient control scheme for communication- based train control (CBTC) 7. Yu systems with random packet Feirichard Carleton University 1,218 drops On the energy efficiency of base station sleeping with 8. Yang multicell cooperative Chenyang Beihang University 1,016 transmission Energy-efficient joint relay node selection and power Beijing University of allocation over multihop Posts and relaying cellular networks 9. Ji Hong Telecommunications 661 toward LTE-Advanced Collaborative optimization of production and energy performance in the coal 10. Lì Lì Nankai University N/A blending management Table 9.8
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10. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
10.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in environmental technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 21,551 people in 8,108 organizations applied for 23,642 environmental technology related invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 9,959 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in environmental technology R&D might be a result of policy incentives or changing preferences among companies in favor of involving more of their employees in R&D. Even without this figure, however, the growth in patenting between the two periods has been very high, almost reaching 40%. Academic publication is also growing, albeitting at a lower pace.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 17,112 23,642 38.2% Patenting organizations 5,884 8,108 37.8% R&D personnel 2,542 21,551 747.8% Academic articles 8,406 9,959 18.5% Academic institutions 2,572 2,917 13.4% Academic researchers 25,957 30,127 16.1% Table 10.1
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10.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in environmental technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Cities in or around the Bohai Economic Rim (Beijing, Qingdao, Tianjin) and the Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Wuxi) dominate R&D in the area.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 1,048 3,507 2. Shanghai 742 1,941 3. Suzhou 619 1,605 4. Qingdao 302 1,558 5. Nanjing 307 1,335 6. Tianjin 507 1,219 7. Xi'an 246 1,009 8. Hangzhou 303 994 9. Wuxi 393 933 10. Chengdu 304 928 11. Guangzhou 277 814 12. Ji'nan 171 760 13. Wuhan 207 702 14. Changzhou 167 648 15. Chongqing 189 627 16. Changsha 191 609 17. Shenzhen 285 584 18. Zhenjiang 220 547 19. Ningbo 196 538 20. Dalian 121 496 Table 10.2
Figure 10.1
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10.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in environmental technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Water treatment 25,011 2. Environmental technology 12,284 3. Contaminated soil 3,536 4. Activated carbon 3,139 5. Air pollution 2,036 6. Resource efficiency 1,386 7. Soil resource 918 8. Clean air technology 559 9. Sewage recycling 516 10. Sustainable use of land 502 11. Aquatic environment 494 12. Environment monitor 490 13. Sludge nutrients 438 14. Groundwater contamination 367 15. Water consumption 337 16. Industrial waste 289 17. Soil fertility 242 18. Agricultural production 186 19. Production facility 184 20. Effective remediation tech 183 21. Eco-efficient cleaning 67 22. Biomass-fired boilers 29 23. Reuse of purified water 18 24. Unpleasant odor 11 Table 10.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include sewage and wastewater treatment, air purification, soil repair, and water supply systems.
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10.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in environmental technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. While the list is dominated by universities and state-owned companies, private companies include several Qingdao-based companies, including Wan Li Technology Co., Ltd. and Genesis Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Beijing University of Technology 208 Beijing 2. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 172 Beijing 3. Qingdao Wan Li Technology Co., Ltd. 163 Qingdao 4. Changzhou University 151 Changzhou 5. Tongji University 121 Shanghai 6. Harbin Institute of Technology 111 Harbin 7. South China University of Technology 109 Guangzhou 8. Zhejiang University 87 Hangzhou 9. Tsinghua University 86 Beijing 10. Nanjing University 85 Nanjing 11. Hohai University 84 Nanjing 12. State Grid Corporation 81 Beijing 13. Qingdao Genesis Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd. 79 Qingdao 14. Qingdao Water World Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. 77 Qingdao 15. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences 74 Beijing 16. Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. 72 Zhuhai 17. Jiangnan University 71 Wuxi 18. Shandong Huaya Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. 70 Ji'nan 19. Tao Yi (Qingdao) Water Purification Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 68 Qingdao 20. Jinan University 66 Ji'nan Table 10.4
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10.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in environmental technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The most prolific inventors are active in private companies.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Tang Zhongshan Hongbo Enterprise Management Dongfeng 175 Consulting Co., Ltd. Wuhu Kai Aoer Environmental Science and 2. Yu Chengjun 126 Technology Co., Ltd. Xian Hua Lu Environmental Protection 3. Lu Qiang 115 Equipment Co., Ltd. 4. Zhang Hui 83 Beijing University of Technology 5. Dong Jianlin 77 Hohai University Changzhou Campus Tao Yi (Qingdao) Water Purification 6. A peak 74 Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 7. Liu Ping 71 Beijing University of Technology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental 8. Mat compass 61 Sciences 9. Cai Xuejun 61 Fuzhou University 10. Jiang Haijun 60 Nanjing University Chinese Research Academy of Environmental 11. Wang Lei 60 Sciences 12. Hua Jiangsu Xing Rui Chemical Engineering Chunsheng 53 Technology Co., Ltd. 13. Chen Suzhou Bo Han Environmental Technology Daobin 51 Co., Ltd. 14. Zhang Lei 50 Tongji University Nanjing University of Aeronautics and 15. He Xiang 46 Astronautics Table 10.5
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10.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Unlike the R&D geography, academic publication is dominated by entities in Beijing. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 1,560 Beijing 2. Tsinghua University 334 Beijing 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 316 Beijing 4. Zhejiang University 277 Hangzhou 5. Tongji University 237 Shanghai 6. Beijing Normal University 222 Beijing 7. Harbin Institute of Technology 217 Harbin 8. Peking University 216 Beijing 9. China Agricultural University 195 Beijing 10. Nanjing University 191 Nanjing 11. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences 185 Beijing 12. Northwest A and F University 136 Yangling 13. Shandong University 125 Jinan 14. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 111 Beijing 15. China University of Geosciences 110 Beijing 16. South China University of Technology 110 Guangzhou 17. Sun Yat-Sen University 108 Guangzhou 18. Nanjing Agricultural University 105 Nanjing 19. Fudan University 102 Shanghai 20. Beijing Forestry University 101 Beijing Table 10.6
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10.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Qu Jiuhui (Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Liu Huijuan (207), Liu Chinese Academy of Sciences) 61 Ruiping (72), Zhao Xu (71) 2. Ying Guangguo (Guangzhou Zhao Jianliang (47), Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Kookana Rai S. (37), Liu Academy of Sciences 57 Shan (32) 3. Hao Jiming (State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Li Junhua (97), Wang Complex) 51 Shuxiao (72), Fu Lixin (61) 4. Gao Baoyu (Shandong Yue Qinyan (305), Wang Yan University) 50 (120), Li Qian (84) 5. Yue Qinyan (Shandong Gao Baoyu (305), Wang Yan University) 50 (110), Li Qian (89) 6. Zhang Gan (Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy Li. Jun (88), Li Xiangdong of Sciences) 49 (64), Liu Xiang (41) Ho Kinfai (78), Shen 7. Cao Junji (Chinese Academy of Zhenxing (63), Zhang Sciences) 49 Renjian (47) Deng Yang (58), Chu 8. Gao Naiyun (Tongji University) 49 Wenhai (47), Xu Bin (46) Jones Paul D. (123), Kannan 9. Giesy John Paul (City University Kurunthachalam (109), of Hong Kong) 49 Hecker Markus (86) 10. Peng Yongzhen (Beijing Wang Shuying (261), Yang University of Technology) 48 Qing (49), Ma Yong (40) Table 10.7
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10.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Transformation characteristics Research Center for of refractory pollutants in Eco-Environmental plugboard wastewater by an 1. Qu Sciences Chinese optimal electrocoagulation and Jiuhui Academy of Sciences 7,513 electro-Fenton process Use patterns, excretion masses Guangzhou Institute of and contamination profiles of 2. Ying Geochemistry Chinese antibiotics in a typical swine Guangguo Academy of Sciences, 5,130 farm, south China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources Impact of energy structure 3. Hao and Control of Air adjustment on air quality: A Jiming Pollution Complex 7,351 case study in Beijing, China Preparation and characterization of novel 4. Gao polytitanium tetrachloride Baoyu Shandong University 5,684 coagulant for water purification Floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (ticl 4) compared with aluminum and iron salts in 5. Yue humic acid-kaolin synthetic Qinyan Shandong University 4,473 water treatment Guangzhou Institute of Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in 6. Zhang Geochemistry Chinese riverine and coastal sediments Gan Academy of Sciences 6,976 of Laizhou Bay, North China Indoor and outdoor chemical components of PM2.5 in the 7. Cao Chinese Academy of rural sectors of Northwestern Junji Sciences 6,242 China The effect of backwashing in the structure of microbial community on biological 8. Gao activated carbon (BAC) in a Naiyun Tongji University 2,289 water treatment plant In situ effects of urban river pollution on the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum as 9. Giesy City University of Hong part of an integrated John Paul Kong 29,341 assessment Change and mechanism of 10. Peng Beijing University of sludge dewaterability during Yongzhen Technology 3,982 alkaline fermentation Table 10.8
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11. FINANCIAL IT
11.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in financial IT in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 1,187 people in 440 organizations applied for 1,225 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 1,920 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The rapid growth in R&D personnel between the two periods is also seen in other sectors mapped in this study and might be a result of policy inventives or a changing preference among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. The growing in the number of organizations, however, is unmatched in other sectors, indicating that Chinese companies are eager to join the fintech race.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 744 1,225 64.7% Patenting organizations 144 440 205.6% R&D personnel 256 1,187 363.7% Academic articles 1,612 1,920 19.1% Academic institutions 882 1,036 17.5% Academic researchers 3,646 4,349 19.3% Table 11.1
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11.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in financial IT, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai, all are financial centers for China’s most dynamic regions, competing for the top spot. Smaller cities on the list include Suzhou (58 applications), Fuzhou (41 applications), Hangzhou (39 applications), and Chengdu (38 applications).
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 122 311 2. Shenzhen 83 270 3. Shanghai 79 182 4. Suzhou 37 58 5. Fuzhou 10 41 6. Hangzhou 25 39 7. Chengdu 21 38 8. Nanjing 18 37 9. Guangzhou 20 36 10. Wuhan 17 34 11. Ji'nan 17 32 12. Foshan 3 30 13. Chongqing 13 21 14. Qingdao 11 19 15. Zhengzhou 7 19 16. Xi'an 10 19 17. Zhenjiang 8 17 18. Dongguan 5 17 19. Dalian 6 16 20. Wuxi 9 16 Table 11.2
Figure 11.1
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11.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in financial IT in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Transaction 1,586 2. Cyber security 1,316 3. Mobile payment 1,048 4. Payment system 471 5. Intelligent platform 419 6. Encryption 336 7. Computational finance 280 8. Order form 224 9. Authentication 146 10. Self service 117 11. Data processing 105 12. Algorithm trading 85 13. Contract management 72 14. Cloud computing 19 15. Big data 11 16. P2P loan 10 17. Pension 6 18. E-ID 4 Table 11.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include mobile payment, encryption and security, verification, and financial management software.
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11.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in financial IT, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Financial and IT giants dominate the list, with Tencent Technology in Shenzhen, China Construction Bank, and China UnionPay at the top of the list.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 51 Shenzhen 2. China Construction Bank Corporation 31 Beijing 3. China UnionPay Co., Ltd. 24 Shanghai 4. Tendyron Technology Co., Ltd. 14 Beijing 5. KPS Shenzhen Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. 14 Shenzhen 6. Aerospace Information Co., Ltd. 14 Beijing 7. Beijing Qihoo Technology Co., Ltd. 12 Beijing 8. Fujian Landi Commercial Equipment Co., Ltd. 12 Fuzhou 9. Qi Zhi Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 12 Beijing 10. Inspur Software Group Co., Ltd. 10 Ji'nan 11. Huang Jinfu Intellectual Property Advisory (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 9 Shenzhen 12. Shenzhen Yinxin Online Banking Co., Ltd. 9 Shenzhen 13. ZTE Corporation 9 Shenzhen 14. State Grid Corporation 8 Beijing 15. Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd. 8 Shanghai 16. Wuhan Tianyu Information Industry Co., Ltd. 8 Wuhan 17. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 8 Shenzhen 18. Anhui New Fangzun Casting Technology Co., Ltd. 7 Jieshou 19. China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. 7 Beijing 20. Chengdu Mobo Network Technology Co., Ltd. 7 Chengdu Table 11.4
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11.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in financial IT R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Hao Chuanxin 13 China Construction Bank Corporation Fujian Landi Commercial Equipment Co., 2. Lin Zhizheng 11 Ltd. 3. Wen Xu 10 China Construction Bank Corporation Huang Jinfu Intellectual Property Advisory 4. Huang Jinfu 9 (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 5. Che Dexin 8 Aerospace Information Co., Ltd. Nanjing Congnuo Information Technology 6. Wu Kailei 8 Co., Ltd. 7. Tan Jianfeng 8 Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd. 8. Wang Baoyun 8 Bank of China Limited 9. Geng Lijia 8 Aerospace Information Co., Ltd. Anhui New Fangzun Casting Technology 10. Long Haimin 7 Co., Ltd. Anhui New Fangzun Casting Technology 11. Nie Gang 7 Co., Ltd. Anhui New Fangzun Casting Technology 12. Xie Feng 7 Co., Ltd. 13. Zhang Quanwen 7 Shenzhen Bai Teke Technology Co., Ltd. 14. Zhou Yu 7 China UnionPay Co., Ltd. 15. Meng Xiangkuan 6 Aerospace Information Co., Ltd. Table 11.5
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11.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhejiang University top the list. Beijing’s institutions are prominent throughout the list, indicating that the capital is a real hub for academic financial IT research.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Tsinghua University 39 Beijing 2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 38 Beijing 3. Zhejiang University 34 Hangzhou 4. Peking University 34 Beijing 5. City University of Hong Kong 30 Hongkong 6. Renmin University of China 30 Beijing 7. North China Electric Power University 30 Beijing 8. Tianjin University 29 Tianjin 9. Harbin Institute of Technology 27 Harbin 10. Fudan University 27 Shanghai 11. Beijing Jiaotong University 26 Beijing 12. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 23 Wuhan 13. Hunan University 23 Changsha 14. Xiamen University 22 Xiamen 15. Wuhan University of Technology 21 Wuhan 16. Wuhan University 21 Wuhan 17. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 20 Beijing 18. Central University of Finance and Economics 20 Beijing 19. Beijing Normal University 19 Beijing 20. Southeast University 19 Nanjing Table 11.6
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11.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Wang Shouyang (Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Lai Kinkeung (62), Yu Chinese Academy of Sciences) 10 Lean (34), Yue Wuyi (16) Yin Libo (10), Wei 2. Han Liyan (Beihang University) 9 Xiaoyun (5), Han Lu (4) Zhong Shouming (24), 3. Zeng Yong (Shenzhen Zhongshan Zhu Hong (19), Zhang Urology Hospital) 7 Yuping (14) 4. Liang Zongxia (Tsinghua He Lin (4), Guan Guohui University) 7 (3), Wu Weiming (2) Gu Jiantao (6), Sun 5. Zheng Jun (Hebei United Guangbiao (6), Gao University) 7 Luyang (4) Wen Yumei (132), Xue 6. Li Ping (Sichuan Agricultural Kemin (99), Huang University) 6 Changming (54) Zhu Hailiang (48), Zhu 7. Shi Lei (South China University of Xiwen (37), Deng Technology) 6 Kangyao (33) Chen Mali (39), Chu X. K. (39), Denig Achim G. 8. Yang. Liu (Hebei University) 6 (39) Xiong Xiong (15), Zhang Yongjie (12), Gu Gaofeng 9. Zhang Wei (Tianjin University) 6 (3) 10. Wang Luzhuang (Zhejiang Bao Liwei (3), Lu June University City College) 6 (3), Wu Jiaying (3) Table 11.7
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11.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences Analyzing the impact on stock 1. Wang Chinese Academy of index futures market volatility Shouyang Sciences 940 of arbitrage Contagion channels and mechanisms of the subprime 2. Han mortgage crisis in global Liyan Beihang University 72 financial markets Optimal algorithmic trading 3. Zeng Shenzhen Zhongshan strategy with the price Yong Urology Hospital 855 appreciation cost Optimal dynamic asset allocation strategy for ELA 4. Liang scheme of DC pension plan Zongxia Tsinghua University 30 during the distribution phase Research on web service technology and analytic hierarchy process in college 5. Zheng Hebei United financial information service Jun University 1 system A contactless mobile payment Sichuan Agricultural method based on security TF 6. Li Ping University N/A card and NFC technology South China University Machine learning based hybrid 7. Shi Lei of Technology 19,201 approach for credit assessment Individual account pension 8. Yang. actuarial model under fixed Liu Hebei University 13,172 interest rates Calibration of the agent-based 9. Zhang continuous double auction stock Wei Tianjin University 11 market by scaling analysis The impact of use context on 10. Wang Zhejiang University mobile payment acceptance: An Luzhuang City College 39 empirical study in China Table 11.8
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12. FOOD
12.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in food science and technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 5,793 people in 2,472 organizations applied for 8,435 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 3,439 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general tendency among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. The extremely rapid growth in the number academic institutions and academic researchers between the two periods, however, is not seen in other sectors. It indicates a rapidly growing academic interest in food related science. Patenting is also growing more rapidly than what is seen in most other sectors.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 4,980 8,435 69.4% Patenting organizations 1,666 2,472 48.4% R&D personnel 1,200 5,793 382.8% Academic articles 2,173 3,439 58.3% Academic institutions 639 1,655 159.0% Academic researchers 3,996 13,058 226.8% Table 12.1
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12.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in food R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Qingdao, Wuhu (where invention is concentrated to a relatively small number of companies), and Beijing top the list. The largest number of R&D organizations is found in Shanghai (159 organizations). Compared to other sectors mapped in this report, food R&D is more spread out geographically. The most active hotspots are in smaller cities in the Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Economic Rim.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Qingdao 134 600 2. Wuhu 13 540 3. Beijing 153 416 4. Nanjing 64 355 5. Wuxi 57 339 6. Shanghai 159 332 7. Tianjin 132 332 8. Chongqing 72 319 9. Ningbo 51 296 10. Suzhou 123 288 11. Hefei 69 253 12. Guangzhou 90 227 13. Ji'nan 56 226 14. Hangzhou 87 226 15. Chengdu 94 217 16. Dalian 39 211 17. Dongguan 36 196 18. Weihai 43 188 19. Zhenjiang 45 181 20. Xuzhou 35 181 Table 12.2
Figure 12.1
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12.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in the food industry in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Food processing 14,438 2. Nutrition 8,922 3. Food safety 6,710 4. Packing 5,029 5. Texture 4,122 6. Enzyme 4,055 7. Health food 3,068 8. Food preservatation 2,110 9. Food additive 1,404 10. Food biotech 703 11. Freeze drying 568 12. Quick-frozen 505 13. Diet tyerapy 475 14. Spoilage prevention 250 15. Food internet of things 42 Table 12.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include food processing, nutrition, health food, and additives.
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12.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in food technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list is dominated by universities, with Jiangnan University in Wuxi at the top, and private food companies such as Xuzhou Luzhilye Green Food Co., Ltd. and equipment makers such as Qingdao Hai Fali Oil and Machinery Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Jiangnan University 153 Wuxi 2. Guangxi University 45 Nanning 3. Xuzhou Luzhilye Green Food Co., Ltd. 41 Xuzhou 4. Jilin Agricultural University 38 Changchun 5. Qingdao Hai Fali Oil and Machinery Co., Ltd. 36 Qingdao 6. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading Co., Ltd. 36 Suzhou 7. Foshan New Strategy Intellectual Property Co., Ltd. 34 Foshan 8. Zhejiang Ocean University 32 Zhoushan 9. Anhui Daping Oil Co., Ltd. 30 Ma'anshan 10. Shandong University (Weihai) 29 Weihai 11. China Agricultural University 29 Beijing 12. Guangxi Boshi Haiyi Information Technology Co., Ltd. 27 Nanning 13. Nanchang University 26 Nanchang 14. Qingdao Hospital Disease Prevention and Disinfection Technology Center 25 Qingdao 15. Tianjin Hang Tianli Chemical Co., Ltd. 25 Tianjin 16. Jilin University 24 Changchun 17. Tianjin Zhong Rui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 24 Tianjin 18. Weihai Tsui House Red Ginseng Technology Co., Ltd. 23 Weihai 19. Shangdong Agricultural Research Institute Academy of Agricultural Sciences 23 Ji'nan 20. Chongqing Daye Food Co., Ltd. 23 Chongqing Table 12.4
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12.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in food R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. ”No known affiliation” means that the inventor has applied for patents as a private individual rather than under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Yu Chengjun 151 Anhui Daping Oil Co., Ltd. Langxi Wise Productivity Promotion Center 2. Ju Xiang 137 Co., Ltd. 3. Tang Dongfeng 51 Anhui Lianshangni Food Co., Ltd. 4. Liu Pinchao 45 Jiangnan University 5. Shi Xudan 45 Jiangnan University 6. Hu Anran 40 No known affiliation 7. Song Chongqing Qianjiang Qianshuang Qixiang 39 Technology Co., Ltd. 8. Cai Xuejun 37 Fuzhou University Guangxi Boshi Haiyi Information 9. Li Shan 32 Technology Co., Ltd. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading 10. Li Jianrong 32 Co., Ltd. 11. Zhang Guibin 32 Heze Ju Xinyuan Food Co., Ltd. 12. Duan Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading Xuewu 32 Co., Ltd. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading 13. Bi Xiaofang 31 Co., Ltd. 14. Gong Chongqing Nanchuan Institute of Xieying 29 Biotechnology 15. Chen Yang 27 Jiangsu Xin Sheng Food Co., Ltd. Table 12.5
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12.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. China Agricultual University, Jiangnan University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences top the list. The list is entirely different from that of top academic institutions in R&D, indicating that one set of institutions is carrying out basic research in food science, while another is focusing on applied research and commercialization.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. China Agricultural University 204 Beijing 2. Jiangnan University 195 Wuxi 3. Chinese Academy of Sciences 160 Beijing 4. Zhejiang University 130 Hangzhou 5. South China University of Technology 98 Guangzhou 6. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 84 Beijing 7. Nanjing Agricultural University 58 Nanjing 8. Tianjin University of Science and Technology 57 Tianjin 9. Jilin University 54 Changchun 10. Huazhong Agricultural University 48 Wuhan 11. Northeast Agricultural University 42 Harbin 12. Ocean University of China 40 Qingdao 13. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 40 Shanghai 14. Southwest University 39 Chongqing 15. Zhejiang Gongshang University 38 Hangzhou 16. Sun Yat-sen University 37 Guangzhou 17. Northwest A and F University 37 Yangling 18. Nanchang University 36 Nanchang 19. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 35 Beijing 20. South China Agricultural University 31 Guangzhou Table 12.6
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12.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Mujumdar Arun Sadashiv (65), Adhikari Benu P. (30), 1. Zhang Min (Jiangnan University) 47 Sun Jincai (24) 2. LIAO Xiao-jun (National Hu Xiaosong (121), Wu Engineering Research Center for Jihong (72), Chen Fang Fruit and Vegetable Processing) 32 (57) Shen Huixing (47), You 3. Luo Yongkang (China Juan (15), Feng Ligeng Agricultural University) 24 (10) Bu Xianhe (64), Zhou Hongcai (32), Zhang 4. Li Jian Rong (Bohai University) 24 Ruohua (30) 5. Zhao Mouming (South China Yang Bao (93), Cui Chun University of Technology) 24 (76), Ren Jiaoyan (64) Xu Xinglian (143), Li 6. ZHOU Guang-hong (Nanjing Chunbao (33), Ding Agricultural University) 23 Hongyan (32) Liu Donghong (78), Chen 7. Ye Xingqian (Zhejiang Jianchu (40), Chen Shiguo University) 21 (27) Fu Xiaping (70), Xu Huirong 8. Ying Yibin (Zhejiang University) 21 (56), Rao Xiuqin (55) 9. Wang Shuo (Tianjin University Fang Guozhen (91), Zhang of Science & Technology) 19 Yan (44), Pan Mingfei (22) He Xingyuan (104), Fu Xiaobing (63), Zhang 10. Chén Wěi (Jiangnan University) 19 Yingze (56) Table 12.7
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12.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article 1. Zhang Trends in Development of Dried Min Jiangnan University 3,156 Vegetable Products as Snacks National Engineering Inactivation of natural Research Center for microorganisms in litchi juice by 2. Liao Fruit and Vegetable high-pressure carbon dioxide Xiao-jun Processing 2,140 combined with mild heat and nisin Effects of different freezing treatments on the biogenic amine and quality changes of bighead 3. Luo China Agricultural carp (Aristichthys nobilis) heads Yongkang University 672 during ice storage Immobilization of glucose oxidase 4. Li Jian in electrospun nanofibrous Rong Bohai University 16,749 membranes for food preservation South China Effect of koji fermentation on 5. Zhao University of generation of volatile compounds Mouming Technology 3,993 in soy sauce production 6. Zhou China's meat industry revolution: Guang- Nanjing Agricultural Challenges and opportunities for hong University 1,817 the future Investigation of biogenic amines in sufu (furu): A Chinese 7. Ye traditional fermented soybean Xingqian Zhejiang University 1,339 food product New trends in impedimetric 8. Ying biosensors for the detection of Yibin Zhejiang University 3,652 foodborne pathogenic bacteria Tianjin University of A gel-based visual immunoassay 9. Wang Science & for non-instrumental detection of Shuo Technology 3,177 chloramphenicol in food samples Recent trends in SELEX technique 10. Chén and its application to food safety Wěi Jiangnan University N/A monitoring Table 12.8
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13. HEALTH & WELFARE TECHNOLOGY
13.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in health and welfare technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 1,959 people in 809 organizations applied for 2,824 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 1,039 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general tendency among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. Even when disregarding this figure, however, growth rates in all indicators have been very high, indicating growing interest and activity in academia as well as the industry.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 1,826 2,824 54.7% Patenting organizations 494 809 63.8% R&D personnel 536 1,959 265.5% Academic articles 719 1,039 44.5% Academic institutions 740 1,040 40.5% Academic researchers 3,168 5,135 62.1% Table 13.1
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13.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in health and welfare technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Qingdao top the list with 292 applications by 60 organizations, followed by the megacities of Shanghai, Beijing, and Tianjin. Qingdao’s role as a hotspot for health and welfare technology was highlighted by the map at the bottom of the page.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Qingdao 60 292 2. Shanghai 104 213 3. Beijing 79 206 4. Tianjin 44 134 5. Suzhou 59 122 6. Guangzhou 66 116 7. Ji'nan 18 114 8. Weifang 3 109 9. Linyi 2 106 10. Xi'an 41 95 11. Jining 3 93 12. Wuxi 35 90 13. Nanjing 33 90 14. Chengdu 36 84 15. Harbin 17 80 16. Shenzhen 32 76 17. Chongqing 18 60 18. Zhengzhou 14 59 19. Luoyang 12 55 20. Hangzhou 29 54 Table 13.2
Figure 13.1
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13.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in health and welfare technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Nursing 6,721 2. Rehabilitation 3,987 3. Preventive health 1,386 4. Preventive health equipment 795 5. Training 709 6. Medical devices 421 7. Chronic disease 378 8. Telemedicine 256 9. Clinical trials 101 10. Automation 93 11. Hospital logistics 59 12. Early warning 56 13. Healthy aging 46 14. Mediated communication 37 15. Social service 27 16. Telemedicine 24 17. Hospital equipement maintenances 19 18. Social welfare 18 Table 13.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include nursing, rehabilitation, training, medical care, and traditional Chinese medicine.
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13.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in health and welfare technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list includes companies in health food (such as Xuzhou Luzhilye Green Food Co., Ltd.) as well as machinery (Qingdao Hai Fali Oil and Machinery Co., Ltd.) and information technology (Guangxi Boshi Haiyi Information Technology Co., Ltd.).
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Jiangnan University 153 Wuxi 2. Guangxi University 45 Nanning 3. Xuzhou Luzhilye Green Food Co., Ltd. 41 Xuzhou 4. Jilin Agricultural University 38 Changchun 5. Qingdao Hai Fali Oil and Machinery Co., Ltd. 36 Qingdao 6. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading Co., Ltd. 36 Suzhou 7. Foshan New Strategy of Intellectual Property Co., Ltd. 34 Foshan 8. Zhejiang Ocean University 32 Zhoushan 9. Anhui Daping Oil Co., Ltd. 30 Ma'anshan 10. Shandong University (Weihai) 29 Weihai 11. China Agricultural University 29 Beijing 12. Guangxi Boshi Haiyi Information Technology Co., Ltd. 27 Nanning 13. Nanchang University 26 Nanchang 14. Qingdao Hospital Disease Prevention and Disinfection Technology Center 25 Qingdao 15. Tianjin Hang Tianli Chemical Co., Ltd. 25 Tianjin 16. Jilin University 24 Changchun 17. Tianjin Zhong Rui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 24 Tianjin 18. Weihai Tsui House Red Ginseng Technology Co., Ltd. 23 Weihai 19. Shangdong Agricultural Research Institute Academy of Agricultural Sciences 23 Ji'nan 20. Chongqing Daye Food Co., Ltd. 23 Chongqing Table 13.4
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13.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in health and welfare technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Inventors representing different parts of the Qingdao ecosystem are visible on the list.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Gong Xieying 37 Qingdao Municipal Hospital 2. Yu Lixia 30 Qingdao Daohe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Harbin Sheng Yi Biotechnology Development 3. Wang Xiang 26 Co., Ltd. 4. Tang Dongfeng 23 Binzhou Medical College Hospital 5. Lai Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and Shengmeng 15 Design Institute Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and 6. Li Huaiguo 15 Design Institute Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and 7. Wu Hui 15 Design Institute Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and 8. Chen Liang 15 Design Institute 9. Chao Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and Jianqiang 15 Design Institute 10. Yang Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and Tangchao 15 Design Institute 11. Ma Tianjin Honghai Technology Development Hongchun 14 Co., Ltd. Tianjin Honghai Technology Development 12. Ma Zhuo 14 Co., Ltd. Tianjin Honghai Technology Development 13. Ma Cong 14 Co., Ltd. First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of 14. Luo Minjian 12 Science and Technology Qingdao Hospital Disease Prevention and 15. Cui Ying 10 Disinfection Technology Center Table 13.5
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13.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Capital Medical University, Peking University, and Sun Yat- sen University top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Capital Medical University 49 Beijing 2. Peking University 29 Beijing 3. Sun Yat-sen University 29 Guangzhou 4. Zhejiang University 28 Hangzhou 5. Chinese Academy of Sciences 24 Beijing 6. Sichuan University 24 Chengdu 7. Chinese University of Hong Kong 23 Hongkong 8. Fudan University 22 Shanghai 9. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 21 Beijing 10. Central South University 20 Changsha 11. Wuhan University 18 Wuhan 12. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 17 Beijing 13. Shandong University 16 Jinan 14. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 15 Wuhan 15. Shanghai Jiaotong University 13 Shanghai 16. Second Military Medical University 13 Shanghai 17. Tsinghua University 12 Beijing 18. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases 12 Shanghai 19. Anhui Medical University 11 Hefei 20. Harbin Medical University 11 Harbin Table 13.6
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13.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows the top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Feng Zijian (Chinese Center Yang Weizhong (32), Yu for Disease Control and Hongjie (23), Shu Yuelong Prevention) 10 (19) 2. Lau Joseph (Sun Yat-Sen Tsui Hiyi (90), Gu Jing (39), University) 10 Kim Jeanhee (28) 3. Wang Quanyi (Chinese Yang Peng (31), Pang Center for Disease Control and Xinghuo (29), Seale Holly Prevention) 10 (22) 4. Wu Yangfeng (Peking Zhao Liancheng (47), Zhou University) 10 Beifan (33), Li Ying (32) Chen Renjie (63), Chen 5. Kan Haidong (Fudan Bingheng (58), Xu Xiaohui University) 8 (28) Zhang Siwei (51), Zheng 6. Chen Wanqing (Beijing Rongshou (47), Zou Cancer Hospital) 8 Xiaonong (22) Zhao Xingquan (120), Wang 7. Wang Yongjun (Capital Yilong (107), Wang Chunxue Medical University China) 8 (82) 8. Wang Lie (China Medical Liu Li (13), Sun Wei (13), Wu University Shenyang) 8 Hui (13) Zucker Irving H. (41), Hu 9. Wang Wei (Ministry of Health Shengshou (33), Zhu Faming of People's Republic of China) 8 (31) 10. Yu Hongjie (Chinese Center Yang Weizhong (48), Feng for Disease Control and Luzhao (30), Shu Yuelong Prevention) 8 (30) Table 13.7
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13.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Chinese Center for 1. Feng Disease Control Risk factors for influenza A(H7N9) Zijian and Prevention 3,061 disease - China, 2013 Prevalence and associated factors of mental health problems among monogamous Chinese female 2. Lau Sun Yat-Sen patients with sexually transmitted Joseph University 2,507 diseases in Hong Kong Chinese Center for A cluster randomised trial of cloth 3. Wang Disease Control masks compared with medical masks Quanyi and Prevention 407 in healthcare workers A School-based Education Programme to Reduce salt intake in children and their families (School- 4. Wu EduSalt): Protocol of a cluster Yangfeng Peking University 2,698 randomised controlled trial Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the relationship between air 5. Kan pollution and children’s respiratory Haidong Fudan University 4,533 health in shanghai, china 6. Chen Beijing Cancer Cancer epidemiology and control in Wanqing Hospital 1,534 china: State of the art 7. Wang Capital Medical Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation Yongjun University China 3,666 - An Asian stroke perspective Associations of psychological capital, China Medical demographic and occupational 8. Wang University factors with cigarette smoking among Lie Shenyang 314 Chinese underground coal miners Electronic health records and Ministry of Health improved nursing management of 9. Wang of People's chronic obstructive pulmonary Wei Republic of China N/A disease Chinese Center for Knowledge, attitudes and practices 10. Yu Disease Control (KAP) relating to avian influenza in Hongjie and Prevention 2,908 urban and rural sectors of China Table 13.8
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14. IT
14.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in IT in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 18,454 people in 5,079 organizations applied for 16,997 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 12,451 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general tendency among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. Setting this figure aside, patenting showed impressive growth between the two periods, while growth in academic publications was more modest.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 12,485 16,997 36.1% Patenting organizations 3,580 5,079 41.9% R&D personnel 2,105 18,454 776.7% Academic articles 11,698 12,451 6.4% Academic institutions 3,126 3,462 10.7% Academic researchers 25,486 26,125 2.5% Table 14.1
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14.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in IT, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list is dominated by the hubs of China’s major innovation regions: Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, and Chengdu.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 1,644 5,674 2. Shenzhen 596 3,445 3. Shanghai 689 1,854 4. Chengdu 340 1,157 5. Nanjing 301 843 6. Suzhou 350 748 7. Xi'an 204 728 8. Guangzhou 257 662 9. Hangzhou 242 601 10. Ji'nan 113 587 11. Tianjin 214 546 12. Wuhan 168 509 13. Wuxi 181 429 14. Chongqing 124 412 15. Qingdao 117 357 16. Dongguan 83 324 17. Dalian 76 307 18. Harbin 46 283 19. Shenyang 67 273 20. Zhenjiang 101 252 Table 14.2
Figure 14.1
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14.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in IT in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Communication tech 21,910 2. Data processing 21,310 3. Data transmission 20,094 4. Internet of things 2,826 5. Positioning technology 2,749 6. Embedded systems 2,243 7. Cloud computing 2,086 8. Big data 1,539 9. Data security 1,310 10. Telematic 651 11. Cooperative technology 488 12. Data warehouse 365 13. Mobile tech 333 14. Tracking tech 215 15. Wearable 214 16. Business intelligence 67 17. Heterogeneous system integration 64 18. Smart society 53 19. Interactive design 28 20. Telepresence 6 Table 14.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include internet of things, big data processing, communications technology, cloud computing, and information storage and management.
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14.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in IT, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Unsurprisingly the list of most prolific R&D organizations is dominated by giants such as Huawei, State Grid Corp, Tencent, Lenovo, and ZTE.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 679 Shenzhen 2. State Grid Corporation 590 Beijing 3. Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 220 Shenzhen 4. Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 203 Beijing 5. ZTE Corporation 185 Shenzhen 6. Yulong Computer Telecommunication Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 175 Shenzhen 7. China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. 162 Beijing 8. Telecom Academy of Telecommunications Technology 121 Beijing 9. Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd. 115 Ji'nan 10. China Mobile Communications Corporation 108 Beijing 11. University of Electronic Science and Technology 105 Chengdu 12. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 102 Beijing 13. Xiaomi Technology Co., Ltd. 95 Beijing 14. Chengdu Wanxian Automation Technology Co., Ltd. 90 Chengdu 15. Harbin Institute of Technology 90 Harbin 16. Beijing Qihoo Technology Co., Ltd. 86 Beijing 17. Qi Zhi Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 85 Beijing 18. Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 81 Chongqing 19. Southeast University 78 Nanjing 20. Inspur (Beijing) Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd. 77 Beijing Table 14.4
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14.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in IT R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Shen Jian 190 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 2. Wang Baoyun 127 Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 3. Huang Zhihua 99 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 4. Zhang Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Quanwen 96 CAS 5. Tang Dongfeng 91 G-Cloud Technology Co., Ltd. Yulong Computer Telecommunication 6. Liu Jian 65 Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Inspur (Beijing) Electronic Information 7. Li Ruomu 61 Industry Co., Ltd. Telecom Academy of Telecommunications 8. Liu Song 57 Technology 9. Dong Jianlin 52 State Grid Corporation 10. Hao Chuanxin 51 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd Yulong Computer Telecommunication 11. Liang Hui 51 Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Inspur (Beijing) Electronic Information 12. Wang Dan 49 Industry Co., Ltd. 13. Liu Fang 48 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 14. Wu Beijing Guoshuang Science and Technology Guiming 47 Co., Ltd. Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., 15. Jiang Ming 47 Ltd. Table 14.5
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14.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 396 Beijing 2. Tsinghua University 378 Beijing 3. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 370 Beijing 4. Wuhan University 202 Wuhan 5. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 198 Wuhan 6. Zhejiang University 195 Hangzhou 7. Beihang University 191 Beijing 8. National University of Defense Technology 154 Changsha 9. Beijing Jiaotong University 142 Beijing 10. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 129 Shanghai 11. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 125 Beijing 12. North China Electric Power University 122 Beijing 13. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 118 Chengdu 14. Xidian University 116 Xi'an 15. Peking University 115 Beijing 16. Tongji University 110 Shanghai 17. Harbin Institute of Technology 109 Harbin 18. Nanjing University 103 Nanjing 19. Northeastern University 100 Shenyang 20. Dalian University of Technology 93 Dalian Table 14.6
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14.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Jin Hai (Huazhong University of Science and Liao Xiaofei (127), Zou Deqing Technology) 66 (90), Shi Xuanhua (77) Ou Jinping (79), Xie Shusen 2. Li Hui (Sichuan University) 64 (60), Ren Xiubao (44) 3. Zhang Lichen (East China Xu Bingqing (11), Feng Normal University) 49 Shuguang (7), He Jifeng (5) Willner Alan Eli (119), Luo 4. Zhang Lin (Zhejiang Xuan (61), Beausoleil Raymond University) 38 G. (60) 5. Chen Xiaofeng (Xidian Zhang Fangguo (41), Li Jin University) 37 (34), Tian Haibo (22) 6. Li Tianrui (Southwest Zhang Junbo (34), Liu Dun Jiaotong University) 33 (28), Chen Hongmei (27) 7. Chen Gang (Fudan Dong Jinxiang (79), Ma Ding University) 31 (69), Shou Lidan (60) 8. Ma Jianfeng (Xidian Pei Qingqi (48), Shen Yulong University) 31 (37), Guo Yuanbo (33) 9. Zhuge Qingfeng (Ministry Sha Edwin (87), Xue of Education China) 30 Chunjason (35), Shao Zili (29) 10. Sha Edwin (Ministry of Zhuge Qingfeng (87), Xue Education China) 29 Chunjason (72), Shao Zili (54) Table 14.7
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14.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Huazhong University of ETime: Energy-efficient Science and transmission between cloud and 1. Jin Hai Technology 3,159 mobile devices Oruta: Privacy-preserving public 2. Li Hui Sichuan University N/A auditing for shared data in the cloud Specification and Design Method for 3. Zhang East China Normal Big Data Driven Cyber Physical Lichen University 75 Systems FC-PACO-RM: A parallel method for service composition optimal- 4. Zhang selection in cloud manufacturing Lin Zhejiang University 5,667 system Efficient verifiable fuzzy keyword 5. Chen search over encrypted data in cloud Xiaofeng Xidian University 838 computing 6. Li Southwest Jiaotong Composite rough sets for dynamic Tianrui University 967 data mining Feasibility of deploying biometric 7. Chen encryption in mobile cloud Gang Fudan University N/A computing Ciphertext-policy weighted 8. Ma attribute-based encryption scheme Jianfeng Xidian University 1,975 in cloud computing Curling-PCM: Application-specific 9. Zhuge Ministry of wear leveling for phase change Qingfeng Education China 403 memory based embedded systems Minimizing access cost for multiple types of memory units in embedded 10. Sha Ministry of systems through data allocation and Edwin Education China 1,528 scheduling Table 14.8
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15. KNOWLEDGE- BASED EXPERIENCE TECHNOLOGY
15.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in knowledge-based experience technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 2,238 people in 975 organizations applied for 3,430 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 2,182 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general tendency among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. All indicators show that R&D as well as academic research communities have become more active in recent years.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 1,895 3,430 81.0% Patenting organizations 617 975 58.0% R&D personnel 576 2,238 288.5% Academic articles 1,597 2,182 36.6% Academic institutions 1,291 1,703 31.9% Academic researchers 6,656 9,228 38.6% Table 15.1
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15.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in knowledge-based experience technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. China’s northern innovation clusters dominate the list, with Qingdao, Beijing, Ji’nan, and Harbin in the lead. Compared to many other sectors mapped in this report, patenting is more geographically distributed.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Qingdao 69 456 2. Beijing 71 187 3. Ji'nan 35 183 4. Harbin 24 166 5. Shanghai 65 141 6. Dongguan 16 138 7. Bengbu 15 121 8. Wuhu 13 112 9. Hefei 29 110 10. Zhengzhou 13 106 11. Suzhou 49 102 12. Guangzhou 50 99 13. Weihai 11 94 14. Tianjin 55 89 15. Chuzhou 13 78 16. Ma'anshan 10 78 17. Nanjing 36 77 18. Hangzhou 27 77 19. Changchun 15 76 20. Chengdu 29 75 Table 15.2
Figure 15.1
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15.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in knowledge-based experience technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Food 7,569 2. Health food 6,875 3. Prevention health 2,683 4. Chinese medicine 2,597 5. Edible 2,264 6. Health care products 1,656 7. Life quality 1,365 8. Immunity 1,339 9. Technological process 276 10. Smart city 58 11. ICT 18 Table 15.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include health food, nutrition and detoxication, immunity, quality of life, and healthcare.
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15.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in knowledge-based experience technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013- 2014. The list is mainly occupied by private companies, with several in foods and IT.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Qingdao Jin Jiahui Food Co., Ltd. 110 Qingdao 2. Harbin Shan Bao Wine Co., Ltd. 101 Harbin 3. Qingdao Hai Fali Oil & Machinery Co., Ltd. 41 Qingdao 4. Shandong University (Weihai) 31 Weihai 5. Anhui Daping Oil Co., Ltd. 30 Ma'anshan 6. Jinan Wei Chuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. 29 Ji'nan 7. Qingdao Jiarui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 25 Qingdao 8. Weihai Tsui House Red Ginseng Technology Co., Ltd. 23 Weihai 9. Bengbu Sea Pearl Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd. 20 Bengbu 10. Infinitus (China) Co., Ltd. 20 Jiangmen 11. Qingdao Hospital Disease Prevention and Disinfection Technology Center 18 Qingdao 12. Qingdao Daohe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 18 Qingdao 13. Dangtu County Kehui Trading Co., Ltd. 17 Ma'anshan 14. Huaiyuan County Dayu Food Technology Co., Ltd. 15 Bengbu 15. Shandong Zhongda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 15 Ji'nan 16. Harbin Hao Tuo Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd. 15 Harbin 17. Five Kappa Master Food Co., Ltd. 14 Bengbu 18. Taixing Yiming Biological Products Co., Ltd. 14 Taizhou 19. Zhongshan Baiou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 14 Jiangmen 20. Lanzhou Guchi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. 14 Lanzhou Table 15.4
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15.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in knowledge-based experience R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications Inspur Electronic Information Industry 1. Jiang Ming 50 Co., Ltd. LETV Information Technology (Beijing) 2. Shen Jian 39 Co., Ltd. LETV Zhixin Electronics Technology 3. Wang Baoyun 33 (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 4. Hao Chuanxin 27 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. LETV Zhixin Electronics Technology 5. Di Jiankai 25 (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 6. Zhang Quanwen 24 TCL Group Co., Ltd. 7. Dong Jianlin 24 Hohai University Changzhou Campus 8. Tang Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Dongfeng 23 Technology Beijing SI-TECH Information Technology 9. Yang Li 21 Co., Ltd. 10. Xiong Yongqiang 20 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 11. Guo Guozhong 18 Shanghai Jiaotong University Chengdu Boyue Chuangxin Technology 12. Yuan Ying 17 Co., Ltd. China United Network Communications 13. Liu Fang 17 Group Co., Ltd. 14. Hua Chunsheng 17 Qingdao Haier Software Co., Ltd. 15. Zhao Yongwei 16 Qingdao Haier Software Co., Ltd. Table 15.5
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15.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The list is dominated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, and Peking University.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 229 Beijing 2. Zhejiang University 108 Hangzhou 3. Fudan University 98 Shanghai 4. Peking University 96 Beijing 5. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 74 Wuhan 6. Sun Yat-Sen University 69 Guangzhou 7. China Agricultural University 68 Beijing 8. Jiangnan University 64 Wuxi 9. Sichuan University 61 Chengdu 10. Capital Medical University 56 Beijing 11. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 53 Beijing 12. Shandong University 51 Jinan 13. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 48 Shanghai 14. Central South University 44 Changsha 15. Tsinghua University 43 Beijing 16. Fourth Military Medical University 41 Xi'an 17. South China University of Technology 41 Guangzhou 18. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 40 Beijing 19. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 39 Beijing 20. Nanjing Agricultural University 38 Nanjing Table 15.6
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15.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Wu Shengchun (74), Ye 1. Wong Minghung (Hong Kong Zhihong (64), Wong Kong Institute of Education) 25 Chu (51) Shu Xiaoou (466), Gao - 2. Zheng Wei (Hospital of Nanjing Yutang (273), Cai Qiuyin Medical University) 20 (232) Chen Renjie (63), Chen 3. Kan Haidong (Fudan Bingheng (58), Xu Xiaohui University) 19 (28) Wang Li (35), Shen Jiantong (30), Wang 4. Li Youping (Sichuan University) 17 Yingqiang (28) 5. Xiang Yongbing (Renji Shu Xiaoou (185), Zheng Hospital) 14 Wei (177), Cai Qiuyin (90) Detels Roger R. (56), Rou 6. Wu Zunyou (Chinese Center for Keming (50), Lin Chunqing Disease Control and Prevention) 13 (29) Kan Haidong (63), Chen Bingheng (24), Xu Xiaohui 7. Chen Renjie (Fudan University) 13 (13) 8. Feng Xinbin (Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy Qiu Guangle (89), Shang of Sciences) 13 Lihai (62), Fu Xuewu (37) Li Youping (22), Wang 9. Li Cuicui (Nuclear Industry 416 Yingqiang (22), Shen Hospital) 12 Jiantong (13) 10. Wang Yingqiang (363 Li Youping (28), Li Cuicui Hospital) 12 (22), Shen Jiantong (14) Table 15.7
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15.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article DDTs in mothers' milk, placenta Hong Kong and hair, and health risk 1. Wong Institute of assessment for infants at two Minghung Education 15,527 coastal and inland cities in China Home kitchen ventilation, cooking fuels, and lung cancer risk in a 2. Zheng Hospital of Nanjing prospective cohort of never Wei Medical University 36,860 smoking women in Shanghai, China Short-term exposure to ambient air 3. Kan pollution and coronary heart Haidong Fudan University 4,533 disease mortality in 8 Chinese cities Performance evaluation of primary healthcare system reform in Xinjin county, Chengdu city: VI. drug 4. Li utilization in healthcare institutions Youping Sichuan University 357 of Xinjing county Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: Results 5. Xiang from the Shanghai Men's Health Yongbing Renji Hospital 4,754 Study Task shifting of HIV/AIDS case Chinese Center for management to Community Health 6. Wu Disease Control Service Centers in urban China: A Zunyou and Prevention 4,032 qualitative policy analysis Analysis of residents' willingness to pay to reduce air pollution to improve children's health in 7. Chen community and hospital settings in Renjie Fudan University 686 Shanghai, China Institute of Geochemistry Mercury in the seafood and human 8. Feng Chinese Academy exposure in coastal area of Xinbin of Sciences 6,069 Guangdong province, South China A status survey on inpatient disease constitution in Jili Community Health Service Center, Liuyang City Nuclear Industry of Hunan Province, from 2008 to 9. Li Cuicui 416 Hospital 56 2010 Analysis on expenses of top 15 single diseases among inpatients in Jili Community Health Service 10. Wang Center in Liuyang City of Hunan Yingqiang 363 Hospital 4 Province Table 15.8
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16. LIFESTYLE
16.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in the sectors in China corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 15,040 people in 6,913 organizations applied for 40,046 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 522 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The growth in R&D personnel of more than 500% might be caused by policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. But all indicators are impressive, reflecting an intensifying activity in industry as well as academia.
It should be noted that this section covers only the science and technology aspects of lifestyle related work, as reflected by patents and academic articles.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 29,073 40,046 37.7% Patenting organizations 4,622 6,913 49.6% R&D personnel 2,374 15,040 533.5% Academic articles 456 522 14.5% Academic institutions 307 434 41.4% Academic researchers 1,187 1,653 39.3% Table 16.1
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16.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in lifestyle related R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Wuxi (7,403 applications) and Suzhou (6,911 applications by 1,147 organizations) stand out because of their strong manufacturing and R&D clusters textiles and fabrics. The Yangtze River Delta is even more dominant than in other sectors mapped in this report.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Wuxi 447 7,403 2. Suzhou 1,147 6,911 3. Shanghai 584 2,309 4. Qingdao 245 2,256 5. Nantong 201 1,447 6. Xi'an 175 1,433 7. Ningbo 353 1,433 8. Beijing 394 1,220 9. Chongqing 123 1,204 10. Huzhou 227 1,203 11. Foshan 158 1,170 12. Zhenjiang 170 1,061 13. Nanjing 130 1,054 14. Ji'nan 62 1,046 15. Tianjin 369 1,027 16. Hangzhou 248 867 17. Jiaxing 265 826 18. Chengdu 157 819 19. Xiangfan 37 816 20. Shenzhen 264 815 Table 16.2
Figure 16.1
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16.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in Lifestyle in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Textile design 35,885 2. Fabric 10,258 3. Fashion design 6,875 4. Multi-function 4,244 5. Antibacterial 3,430 6. Interior design 2,781 7. Furniture design 2,289 8. Clothing material 1,955 9. Durable design 830 10. Housing design 45 Table 16.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include textiles and fabrics, clothes, dyeing, appliances, and interior decoration items.
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16.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in lifestyle related technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. It is notworthy that some large private companies, such as Haier Group and Midea Group, are so active in the area.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Donghua University 288 Shanghai 2. Haier Group Company 260 Qingdao 3. Midea Group Co., Ltd. 244 Foshan 4. Singao High New Coated & Laminated Fabric Co., Ltd. 155 Qingdao 5. Jiangnan University 142 Wuxi 6. Zhejiang University of Technology 121 Hangzhou 7. Hubei University of Arts and Science 113 Xiangfan 8. Qingdao Hai Fali Oil & Machinery Co., Ltd. 111 Qingdao 9. Qingdao Xin Yifa Industry and Trading Co., Ltd. 83 Qingdao 10. Xiangyang Zhuge Liang High School 83 Xiangfan 11. Wuxi X-RES Product Design and Research Co., Ltd. 83 Wuxi 12. Guangxi University 82 Nanning 13. Dalian Nationalities University 82 Dalian 14. Guangdong Midea Electric Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 82 Foshan 15. Qingdao Jieshen Dyeing Technology Institute 79 Qingdao 16. Vientiane Wanxiang Industrial Design Co., Ltd. 76 Wuxi 17. Haier Group R&D Center 76 Qingdao 18. Suzhou University 73 Suzhou 19. Shaanxi Bee Wing Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. 71 Xi'an 20. Qingdao Heavy Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. 68 Qingdao Table 16.4
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16.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in lifestyle related R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Dong Jianlin 398 Wujiang Heng Yi Silk Factory 2. Liu Shusheng 295 Wujiang She Yi Textile Co., Ltd. Suzhou Tongmao Textile Industrial Co., 3. Lian Wei 243 Ltd. Suzhou Industrial Park Youshun Garment 4. Zhang Hanqin 205 Factory Jiangsu Zhongxin Resources Group Co., 5. Li Jichang 187 Ltd. 6. Wang Wujiang Wan Ping Mingzheng Sewing Lingxiao 181 Machine Parts Factory 7. Tang Hubei Yangxin Yuandong Flax Industry Co., Dongfeng 163 Ltd. Wuhu Yuefei new sound-absorbing 8. Yu Chengjun 159 materials Co., Ltd. Singao High New Coated & Laminated 9. Wang Yuying 155 Fabric Co., Ltd. Jiangyin Youlite Industry & Trading Co., 10. Qin Jianhua 118 Ltd. 11. Gu Fangzhong 117 Jiang Yin Tiancheng Textile Co., Ltd. 12. Xu Ping 117 Approach (Suzhou) Garment Co., Ltd. 13. Zhang Huizhong 116 Suzhou Fangyou Textile Materials Co., Ltd. 14. Wang Fenghua 91 Jiangyin Ya-Clothing Co., Ltd 15. Huang Lei 90 Jiangyin Hongliu Sheet Co., Ltd. Table 16.5
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16.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Donghua University 22 Shanghai 2. Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 15 Hangzhou 3. Xi'an Polytechnic University 13 Xi'an 4. Central South University of Forestry and Technology 12 Changsha 5. Taiyuan University of Technology 11 Taiyuan 6. Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 Beijing 7. Tianjin Polytechnic University 10 Tianjin 8. Hong Kong Polytechnic University 10 Hongkong 9. Jilin University 9 Changchun 10. Soochow University 9 Suzhou 11. Harbin Institute of Technology 9 Harbin 12. Guilin University of Technology 8 Guilin 13. Zhejiang University 8 Hangzhou 14. Beijing Institute of Technology 7 Beijing 15. Dalian Polytechnic University 7 Dalian 16. Wuhan Textile University 7 Wuhan 17. Hunan University 6 Changsha 18. Sun Yat-sen University 6 Guangzhou 19. Chongqing University 6 Chongqing 20. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 6 Hongkong Table 16.6
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16.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Yang Xiaoping (7), 1. Hu Weiping (Kunming University of Wang Jingjing (3), Science and Technology) 11 Wang Yanyan (3) 2. Wang Ruomei (Sun Yat-Sen Li Yi (19), Luo Xiaonan University) 6 (18), Zhou Fan (9) 3. Xu Dinghua (Zhejiang Sci-Tech Ge Meibao (3), Yu Yue University) 6 (3), Chen Yuanbo (2) Li Yi (6), Hong 4. Yao Baoguo (China Jiliang Shuiyuan (3), Ke University) 6 Yinglin (3) 5. Wang Xue (China Textile Academy Xiao Changfa (3), Jin State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Jian (2), Zhang Miao Manufacturing Technology) 6 (2) Peng Wanxi (35), Ma 6. Zhang Zhongfeng (Central South Qingzhi (19), Zhang Xu University of Forestry & Technology) 5 (18) 7. Jin Hong (Harbin Institute of Kang Jian (24), Meng Technology) 4 Qi (8), Qin Xin (6) Zhang Zhongfeng (12), 8. Huang Kai (Central South University Xie Jianjun (4), Su Xiao of Forestry & Technology) 4 (3) Mao Aihua (9), Wang 9. Luo Jie (Guangzhou University) 4 Ruomei (5), Li Yi (4) Miao Changwen 10. Liu Jiaping (Xi'an University of (45)Ran Qianping (41), Architecture and Technology) 4 Yang. Liu (30) Table 16.7
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16.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Kunming University of Study on application of 1. Hu Science and intelligent chromic material to Weiping Technology 5 the interior design Material-aware cloth simulation 2. Wang via constrained geometric Ruomei Sun Yat-Sen University 40 deformation Type design for bilayer textile materials under low temperature: Modeling, 3. Xu Zhejiang Sci-Tech numerical algorithm and Dinghua University 27 simulation Measurement device and system for temperature 4. Yao regulation properties evaluation Baoguo China Jiliang University 84 of textile fabrics China Textile Academy State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber 5. Wang Manufacturing Application of thermoregulation Xue Technology 6 materials in clothing materials Central South 6. Zhang University of Forestry Study on design of Huxiang Zhongfeng & Technology 39 smoked bamboo furniture The design strategy of green Harbin Institute of rural housing of Tibetan sectors 7. Jin Hong Technology 77 in Yunnan, China Central South 8. Huang University of Forestry Study on nature-oriented Kai & Technology 2 furniture design Engineering design of thermal quality clothing on a simulation-based and lifestyle- 9. Luo Jie Guangzhou University 15 oriented CAD system Exploring the eco-folk house design of reconstruction after Xi'an University of earthquake in mountainous 10. Liu Architecture and region taking Yanjing village in Jiaping Technology 611 Jiange for example Table 16.8
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17. LIGHT
17.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in light technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 10,920 people in 4,726 organizations applied for 18,280 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 4,597 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The rapid growth in the number of people involved in R&D might be caused by policy incentives or a general trend among companies to involve more employees in their R&D. Even without that figure, growth in R&D as well as academic research between the two periods has been impressive. An increasing number of companies and academic institutions are becoming active in R&D in light technology.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 14,570 18,280 25.5% Patenting organizations 3,565 4,726 32.6% R&D personnel 2,158 10,920 406.0% Academic articles 3,660 4,597 25.6% Academic institutions 1,129 1,464 29.7% Academic researchers 11,552 15,208 31.6% Table 17.1
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17.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in light technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Suzhou and Shenzhen, both hubs for high-tech manufacturing, are especially strong cities, each with more than 2,000 patent applications and over 500 R&D organizations. They are followed by Beijing and Shanghai, which are strong R&D centers in almost any area.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Suzhou 548 2,292 2. Shenzhen 514 2,165 3. Beijing 486 1,518 4. Shanghai 527 1,475 5. Xi'an 219 1,350 6. Chengdu 237 888 7. Wuxi 188 702 8. Guangzhou 166 685 9. Dongguan 204 681 10. Hangzhou 204 672 11. Nanjing 149 587 12. Jiangmen 139 542 13. Tianjin 245 521 14. Dalian 67 480 15. Zhenjiang 144 478 16. Qingdao 122 423 17. Ningbo 186 418 18. Changzhou 155 403 19. Chongqing 104 371 20. Hefei 115 359 Table 17.2
Figure 17.1
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17.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in Lighting in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. LED 16,065 2. Halogen 10,974 3. Lighting design 1,389 4. Energy saving 1,241 5. Lighting control system 620 6. Lighting quality 381 7. Automotive lighting 362 8. Fluorescent 242 9. Architectural lighting 237 10. Public space lighting 172 11. Luminous efficacy 120 12. Stage lighting 93 13. Indoor lighting 54 14. Artificial light 41 15. Sustainable lighting 23 Table 17.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include LED and OLED, heat sinks and heat conduction, energy saving, powering modules and mechanisms, and display screens.
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17.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in light technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Various entities belonging to the Ocean King Lighting family of companies dominate the list. Other prominent companies include BOE Technology Group in Beijing and Kunshan Shenguang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. in Suzhou.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 463 Shenzhen 2. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Engineering Co., Ltd. 356 Shenzhen 3. BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd. 288 Beijing 4. Kunshan Shenguang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 222 Suzhou 5. Kunshan Bowen Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 208 Suzhou 6. Ocean King (Dongguan) Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 154 Dongguan 7. Shenzhen Huaxing Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd. 134 Shenzhen 8. State Grid Corporation 123 Beijing 9. Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Inc. 97 Shenzhen 10. Zhanjing Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 97 Shenzhen 11. South China University of Technology 81 Guangzhou 12. Guangdong Vtron Video Technology Co., Ltd. 75 Guangzhou 13. Hong Fujin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 61 Shenzhen 14. Institute of Semiconductors, CAS 61 Beijing 15. Shanghai and Photoelectric Co., Ltd. 61 Shanghai 16. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. 60 Shenzhen 17. Dalian Zintelligence Technology Co., Ltd. 60 Dalian 18. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 58 Beijing 19. Dongguan Wen Yu Industrial Co., Ltd. 55 Dongguan 20. Xi'an Linzi Semiconductor Lighting Co., Ltd 54 Xi’an Table 17.4
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17.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in light technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Zhou Mingjie 334 Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. Kunshan Shenguang New Energy 2. Xiong Kaifu 137 Technology Co., Ltd. 3. Tang Qingdao Weili Electronic Technology Co., Dongfeng 110 Ltd. 4. Hao Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology Chuanxin 97 Co., Ltd. 5. Zhang Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology Quanwen 86 Co., Ltd. 6. Xiong Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology Yongqiang 82 Co., Ltd. Anqing Hung Yu Industrial Product Design 7. Peng Lifang 73 Co., Ltd. 8. Yu Chengjun 72 Anhui Sun Electric Group Co., Ltd. Wuxi Chong'an Technology Innovation 9. Xu Fang 64 Service Center Suzhou Bei Shenglai Electronic Technology 10. Dong Jianlin 59 Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology 11. Wang Ping 58 Co., Ltd. 12. Han Kunshan Fine Star Optoelectronics Guosheng 50 Technology Co., Ltd. Suzhou Chengyuan Optoelectronics 13. Dai Yueping 50 Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology 14. Chen Jixing 50 Co., Ltd. 15. Xu Ping 46 Jiangsu Darren Electronics Co., Ltd. Table 17.5
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17.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China University of Technology, and Tsinghua University top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 600 Beijing 2. South China University of Technology 161 Guangzhou 3. Tsinghua University 150 Beijing 4. Jilin University 149 Changchun 5. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 108 Wuhan 6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 105 Beijing 7. Zhejiang University 104 Hangzhou 8. Peking University 94 Beijing 9. Fudan University 90 Shanghai 10. Southeast University 80 Nanjing 11. Soochow University 73 Suzhou 12. Sun Yat-sen University 73 Guangzhou 13. South China Normal University 67 Guangzhou 14. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 67 Shanghai 15. Shandong University 66 Jinan 16. Wuhan University 62 Wuhan 17. Nanjing University 58 Nanjing 18. Chongqing University 57 Chongqing 19. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 56 Nanjing 20. Shanghai University 53 Shanghai Table 17.6
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17.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Ma Dongge (Changchun Institute of Wang Li Xiang (89), Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy Chen Jiangshan (86), of Sciences) 104 Yang Chuluo (64) Luo Xiaobing (116), Gan 2. Liu Sheng (National Taiwan Zhiyin (89), Zhang University of Science and Technology) 98 Honghai (47) Fan Quli (164), Xie 3. Huang Wei (Nanjing University of Linghai (111), Wang Post and TeleCommunications) 64 Lianhui (75) 4. Luo Xiaobing (Huazhong University Liu Sheng (116), Hu Run of Science and Technology) 62 (37), Zheng Huai (30) Peng Junbiao (161), 5. Cao Yong (South China University Yang Wei (120), Wu of Technology) 58 Hongbin (99) Ichikawa Musubu (21), Taniguchi Yoshio (20), 6. Wei Bin (Shanghai University) 57 Zhang Jianhua (16) 7. Yi Xiaoyan (Institute of Wang Guohong (56), Liu Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Zhiqiang (31), Li Jinmin Sciences) 53 (24) Zhu Ge (45), Liu Bitao 8. Wang Yuhua (Lanzhou University) 51 (35), Shi Yurong (31) Liu Shiyong (137), Hou Jingying (50), Xie 9. Zhao Yi (Jilin University) 48 Guohua (45) Cao Yong (161), Zou 10. Peng Junbiao (South China Jianhua (58), Lan University of Technology) 47 Linfeng (57) Table 17.7
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17.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Reduced efficiency roll-off in all- Changchun Institute of phosphorescent white organic Applied Chemistry light-emitting diodes with an 1. Ma Chinese Academy of external quantum efficiency of Dongge Sciences 11,409 over 20% Effects of current crowding on National Taiwan light extraction efficiency of 2. Liu University of Science conventional GaN-based Sheng and Technology 7,309 lightemitting diodes 3. Nanjing University of Efficient, color-stable flexible Huang Post and white top-emitting organic light- Wei TeleCommunications 18,962 emitting diodes A design for In-Situ measurement Huazhong University of of optical degradation of high 4. Luo Science and power light-emitting diodes under Xiaobing Technology 1,776 accelerated life test Conjugated zwitterionic polyelectrolyte-based interface modification materials for high 5. Cao South China University performance polymer Yong of Technology 33,271 optoelectronic devices High-efficiency near ultraviolet and blue organic light-emitting 6. Wei diodes using star-shaped material Bin Shanghai University 420 as emissive and hosting molecules Institute of Enhanced performance of InGaN- Semiconductors based light emitting diodes 7. Yi Chinese Academy of through a special etch and Xiaoyan Sciences 320 regrown process in n-GaN layer Photoluminescence of green- emitting Ca7(PO4)2(SiO4)2: Eu2+ 8. Wang phosphor for white light emitting Yuhua Lanzhou University 2,265 diodes Efficient white organic light- emitting diodes based on an 9. Zhao orange iridium phosphorescent Yi Jilin University 1,939 complex Highly efficient single- and multi- emission-layer fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid white organic light-emitting 10. Peng South China University diodes with ∼20% external Junbiao of Technology 6,629 quantum efficiency Table 17.8
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18. MATERIAL
18.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in materials science and technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 27,945 people in 9,225 organizations applied for 35,144 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 10,700 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. This figure aside, patent appears to be growing rapidly, while academic publications is growing but at a slower rate.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 25,743 35,144 36.5% Patenting organizations 6,962 9,225 32.5% R&D personnel 2,891 27,945 866.6% Academic articles 9,401 10,700 13.8% Academic institutions 1,838 2,009 9.3% Academic researchers 25,555 29,529 15.6% Table 18.1
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18.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in materials R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Beijing and Shanghai top the list, with the second-tier cities of Suzhou (2,874 applications), Qingdao (2,843 applications) and Nanjing (1,741 applications) following behind.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 1,107 4,489 2. Shanghai 931 3,683 3. Suzhou 1,024 2,874 4. Qingdao 356 2,843 5. Nanjing 330 1,741 6. Wuxi 479 1,509 7. Tianjin 486 1,479 8. Shenzhen 341 1,432 9. Xi'an 231 1,254 10. Hangzhou 309 1,134 11. Chengdu 264 1,120 12. Zhenjiang 315 1,097 13. Wuhan 199 1,036 14. Hefei 207 1,021 15. Harbin 111 1,013 16. Guangzhou 294 1,000 17. Ningbo 270 850 18. Ji'nan 133 799 19. Wuhu 111 764 20. Changsha 164 709 Table 18.2
Figure 18.1
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18.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in Material in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Hybrid 30,308 2. Metal 25,978 3. Aluminum 23,915 4. Bio-material 20,195 5. Plastic 16,141 6. Polymer 9,556 7. Ceramic 7,651 8. Semiconductor 3,182 9. Smart material 1,774 10. Steel 1,555 11. Material optimization 1,379 12. Sustainable material 654 Table 18.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include nanomaterials, graphene, aluminium alloys, lithium ion batteries, composite materials, plastics, and resins.
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18.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in materials technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list is mostly occupied by academic institutions, with Harbin Institute of Technology and Zhejiang University at the top. Entities related to the Ocean King Lighting family of companies, headquartered in Shenzhen, are also high up on the list.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 350 Shenzhen 2. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Engineering Co., Ltd. 350 Shenzhen 3. Harbin Institute of Technology 260 Harbin 4. Zhejiang University 224 Hangzhou 5. State Grid Corporation 214 Beijing 6. Jiangsu University 213 Zhenjiang 7. Shanghai Jiaotong University 199 Shanghai 8. Beijing University of Chemical Technology 178 Beijing 9. Jiangnan University 166 Wuxi 10. Shanghai University 165 Shanghai 11. Southeast University 164 Nanjing 12. Beijing University of Technology 163 Beijing 13. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 125 Beijing 14. Qingdao Jiayiyang Industrial Co., Ltd. 121 Qingdao 15. Qingdao Yan Chin Plastic Co., Ltd. 108 Qingdao 16. Chengdu Lüke Huatong Technologies Co., Ltd. 101 Chengdu 17. Shanghai Jieshijie Advanced Materials (Group) Co., Ltd. 92 Shanghai 18. Hefei Jieshijie New Materials Co., Ltd. 91 Hefei 19. Qingdao Youweibao Information technology Co., Ltd. 71 Qingdao 20. Taicang Pai'ou Technical Advisory Services Co., Ltd. 70 Suzhou Table 18.4
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18.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in materials R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications Wuhu Yuefei new sound-absorbing 1. Yu Chengjun 493 materials Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Engineering 2. Zhou Mingjie 175 Co., Ltd. 3. Tang Gansu Jinyu Environmental Engineering Dongfeng 172 Co. Ltd. 4. Wang Ping 167 Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 5. Hao Chuanxin 136 Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. Nantong Redstone Technology 6. Li Jichang 132 Development Co., Ltd. 7. Lou Gaochao 126 Jiangsu University 8. Xiong Yongqiang 122 Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. 9. Cai Xuejun 119 Fuzhou University 10. Fang Qi 118 Anhui Yiwanfeng Electric Co. Anhui Yicaini Fiber Materials Technology 11. Fang Zheng 103 Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Ocean King Lighting Technology 12. Huang Hui 98 Co., Ltd. 13. Zhang Hui 96 Beijing University of Technology 14. Yang Shanghai Genius Advanced Materials Guisheng 95 (Group) Co., Ltd. 15. He Ping 94 Ocean King Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. Table 18.5
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18.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, and Harbin Institute of Technology top the list. This is in stark contrast to the list of academic institutions most active in patenting, indicating a divide between research groups that focus on basic research and those active in applied research, attempting to commercialize their results.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 1,290 Beijing 2. Tsinghua University 400 Beijing 3. Harbin Institute of Technology 294 Harbin 4. Zhejiang University 287 Hangzhou 5. Sichuan University 266 Chengdu 6. Jilin University 255 Changchun 7. Shandong University 254 Jinan 8. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 251 Beijing 9. Tianjin University 222 Tianjin 10. University of Science and Technology of China 220 Hefei 11. Xi'An Jiaotong University 219 Xi'an 12. Tongji University 212 Shanghai 13. Wuhan University of Technology 205 Wuhan 14. Northwestern Polytechnical University 189 Xi'an 15. South China University of Technology 187 Guangzhou 16. Beijing University of Chemical Technology 167 Beijing 17. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 157 Wuhan 18. Nanjing University 151 Nanjing 19. Soochow University 148 Suzhou 20. Peking University 148 Beijing Table 18.6
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18.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Zhu Jianguo (277), Wu 1. Xiao Dingquan (Sichuan Jiagang (131), Yu Ping University) 90 (121) Zhang Hui (80), Shen 2. Fang Liang (Guangxi Mingrong (68), Liu Laijun University) 80 (56) Zhang Liangying (312), Zhai 3. Yao Xi (Tongji University) 80 Jiwei (181), Xu- Zhuo (107) Yao Xi (181), Shen Bo (51), 4. Zhai Jiwei (Tongji University) 74 Shen Bo (41) 5. Chen Min (Southwest China Zhao Minghui (80), Wu Normal University) 69 Limin (70), Mei Xiaoan (61) Xiao Dingquan (131), Zhu 6. Wu Jiagang (Sichuan Jianguo (107), Wang John University) 68 (50) Gui Zhilun (391), Wang 7. Li Longtu (Tsinghua Xiaohui (225), Yue Zhenxing University) 62 (166) Xiao Dingquan (277), Guo 8. Zhu Jianguo (No known Youguang (200), Wu affiliation) 62 Jiagang (107) 9. Pan Yubai (Shanghai Institute Liu Wenbin (62), Guo of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Jingkun (61), Jiang Benxue Sciences) 61 (56) Wang Qianming (27), Song Yishan (26), Xiao Xiuzhen 10. Yan Bing (Tongji University) 61 (22) Table 18.7
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18.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Potassium-sodium niobate lead- free piezoelectric materials: Past, 1. Xiao present, and future of phase Dingquan Sichuan University 3,388 boundaries LiCa3ZnV3O12: A novel low-firing, 2. Fang high Q microwave dielectric Liang Guangxi University 4,656 ceramic Nonadiabatic direct measurement electrocaloric effect in lead-free 3. Yao Xi Tongji University 8,931 Ba,Ca(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics Textured Ca 0.85(Li,Ce) 0.15Bi 4Ti 4O 15 ceramics for high 4. Zhai temperature piezoelectric Jiwei Tongji University 2,695 applications Effect of Nano-Yb2O3 addition on crystallization and sintering 5. Chen Southwest China properties of fused quartz ceramic Min Normal University N/A materials Potassium-sodium niobate lead- free piezoelectric materials: Past, 6. Wu present, and future of phase Jiagang Sichuan University 2,414 boundaries Li-, Sb- and Ta-modified (K, 7. Li Na)NbO 3 nanopowder prepared Longtu Tsinghua University 9,130 via a water-based sol-gel method 8. Zhu Large d33 in (K,Na)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3- Jianguo No known affiliation 7,155 (Bi,Na,K)ZrO 3 lead-free ceramics Shanghai Institute of The history, development, and 9. Pan Ceramics Chinese future prospects for laser Yubai Academy of Sciences 2,456 ceramics: A review 10. Yan Recent progress in photofunctional Bing Tongji University 5,555 lanthanide hybrid materials Table 18.8
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19. OFFSHORE ENERGY
19.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in offshore energy in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 403 people in 140 organizations applied for 369 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 2,550 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The sharp increase in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. Even without this figure, it is clear that both academic research and R&D are gaining momentum, with more and more entities joining the race.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 243 369 51.9% Patenting organizations 96 140 45.8% R&D personnel 135 403 198.5% Academic articles 1,665 2,550 53.2% Academic institutions 873 1,210 38.6% Academic researchers 5,650 8,195 45.0% Table 19.1
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19.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in offshore energy R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. What stands out is that Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, tops the list with 54 patents by 4 organizations – a high concentration. It is followed by Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao, all in the Bohai Economic Rim.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Changsha 4 54 2. Beijing 34 40 3. Tianjin 11 36 4. Qingdao 19 35 5. Nanjing 8 32 6. Guangzhou 11 32 7. Zhoushan 6 31 8. Shanghai 16 30 9. Hangzhou 9 24 10. Wuhan 9 15 11. Dalian 9 15 12. Jiangmen 5 14 13. Harbin 2 14 14. Xiamen 4 13 15. Changzhou 5 13 16. Ningbo 4 10 17. Xi'an 5 10 18. Shenzhen 5 10 19. Nantong 7 7 20. Chengdu 6 7 Table 19.2
Figure 19.1
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19.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in offshore energy in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Electricity generation 672 2. Offshore equipment 665 3. Wave power 554 4. Wind power 145 5. Tidal energy 133 6. Renewable energy 84 7. Marine resources 67 8. Offshore oil 31 9. Fishing 28 10. Salt 28 11. Mining 17 12. Offshore industry 15 13. Offshore gas 9 14. Potassium 4 Table 19.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include wind power, tidal and wave energy, anchorage and floating, and electricity generation technology.
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19.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in offshore energy technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. While academic institutions dominate the list, prominent companies include Guangdong Mingyang Wind Power Industry Group Co., Ltd. and Wuxi Tongchun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Changsha University of Science & Technology 47 Changsha 2. Tianjin University 16 Tianjin 3. Southeast University 11 Nanjing 4. Zhejiang Ocean University 9 Zhoushan 5. Guangdong Mingyang Wind Power Industry Group Co., Ltd. 9 Jiangmen 6. Jimei University 9 Xiamen 7. Harbin Engineering University 7 Harbin 8. Shanghai Ocean University 7 Shanghai 9. Hohai University 7 Nanjing 10. Harbin Institute of Technology 4 Harbin 11. State Grid Corporation 4 Beijing 12. Northwest China Hydropower Survey and Design Institute Consulting Group 4 Xi'an 13. Wuxi Tongchun New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. 3 Wuxi 14. Qingdao Haishan Marine Equipment Co., Ltd. 3 Yichang 15. Tianjin University Frontier Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. 3 Tianjin 16. Tianjin Goldge Co., Ltd. 2 Tianjin 17. East China Investigation and Design Institute of China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group 2 Hangzhou 18. China Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd. 2 Guangzhou 19. Guodian United Power Technology Co., Ltd. 2 Beijing 20. Sankeshu Tuliao Co., Ltd. 2 Putian Table 19.4
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19.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in offshore energy R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Peng Wei 34 Changsha University of Science & Technology 2. Qi Chen 10 Tianjin University 3. Cheng Yuying 6 Tianjin University Guangdong Mingyang Wind Power Industry 4. Wei Yongcai 6 Group Co., Ltd. 5. Huang Chengping 5 Southeast University 6. Li Hongfu 5 Dalian University of Technology 7. Dong Jianlin 4 Jiangsu Electric Power Design Institute 8. Wen Wenfeng 4 No known affiliation Northwest China Hydropower Survey and 9. Li Dongjing 4 Design Institute Consulting Group 10. Chen Hu 4 Jimei University Hangzhou University of Electronic Science 11. Du Jun 4 and Technology 12. He Hongzhou 4 Jimei University 13. Xiong Ao 4 No known affiliation 14. Zhang Rui 4 No known affiliation 15. You Yi 4 No known affiliation Table 19.5
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19.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Petroleum, and Ocean University of China top the list. The absense of many of the key institutions from the list of top R&D organizations indicate a divide between research groups focusing on basic research, and those trying to apply and commercialize their work.
Academic institutions Number of City relevant articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 218 Beijing 2. China University of Petroleum 145 Beijing 3. Ocean University of China 102 Qingdao 4. China University of Geosciences 70 Beijing 5. Harbin Engineering University 67 Harbin 6. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development 59 Beijing 7. China National Offshore Oil Corporation Corporation Research Institute 57 Beijing 8. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 55 Beijing 9. Dalian Maritime University 53 Dalian 10. Dalian University of Technology 48 Dalian 11. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 44 Shanghai 12. Zhejiang University 42 Hangzhou 13. Wuhan University of Technology 35 Wuhan 14. Xiamen University 33 Xiamen 15. Southwest Petroleum University 31 Chengdu 16. Tianjin University 29 Tianjin 17. Shanghai Ocean University 28 Shanghai 18. Tsinghua University 26 Beijing 19. Nanjing University 25 Nanjing 20. Chengdu University of Technology 25 Chengdu Table 19.6
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19.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Su Jin (Research Institute of Zhu Guangyou (38), Yang Petroleum Exploration and Haijun (30), Zhang Development) 24 Shuichang (20) Estefen Segen Farid (14), 2. Duan Menglan (China University An Chen (10), Wang of Petroleum - Beijing) 21 Yingying (10) 3. Zhu Guangyou (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Zhang Shuichang (63), Su and Development) 16 Jin (38), Yang Haijun (32) Tan Fuwen (25), Feng 4. Fu Xiugen (Chengdu Institute of Xinglei (22), Wang Geology and Mineral Resources) 15 Jianfeng (20) 5. Dong Dazhong (Research Wang Yuman (20), Huang Institute of Petroleum Exploration Jinliang (18), Zou Caineng and Development) 13 (10) 6. Zhang Gongcheng (China Shen Huailei (16), Mi Lijun National Offshore Oil Corp) 13 (11), Hu Shengbiao (9) Tang Xuan (20), Nie 7. Zhang Jinchuan (China Haikuan (9), Ding Wenlong University Of Geosciences) 12 (8) 8. Zou Caineng (Research Institute Tao Shizhen (37), Zhu of Petroleum Exploration and Rukai (27), Hou Lianhua Development) 12 (24) 9. Ding Wenlong (China University Zhang Jinchuan (8), Jiu of Geosciences) 11 Kai (7), Zeng WeiTe (6) 10. Feng Xinglei (Chengdu Institute Fu Xiugen (22), Tan Fuwen of Geology and Mineral Resources) 11 (14), Wang Jianfeng (10) Table 19.7
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19.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Research Institute Pyrolytically Derived Polycyclic of Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Exploration and Oils from the Tarim Basin, NW 1. Su Jin Development 446 China Design and operation of marine drilling risers: A case history of 2. Duan China University of deepwater drilling in the South Menglan Petroleum - Beijing 199 China Sea Study on the multi-stage charging Research Institute and accumulation model of of Petroleum Chinese marine petroleum: 3. Zhu Exploration and Example from eastern Lungu area Guangyou Development 1,595 in the Tarim Basin Occurrence and enrichment of Chengdu Institute trace elements in marine oil shale 4. Fu of Geology and (China) and their behaviour during Xiugen Mineral Resources 329 combustion Research Institute of Petroleum Scientific issues on effective 5. Dong Exploration and development of marine shale gas Dazhong Development 723 in southern China Seismic facies in a deepwater area of a marine faulted basin: Deepwater area of the paleogene 6. Zhang China National Lingshui Formation in the Gongcheng Offshore Oil Corp 611 Qiongdongnan Basin 7. Zhang China University Of Shale gas resource potential in the Jinchuan Geosciences 482 Upper Yangtze area Research Institute Formation mechanism, geological of Petroleum characteristics and development 8. Zou Exploration and strategy of nonmarine shale oil in Caineng Development 2,043 China Document Characteristics of the Middle Jurassic marine source rocks and prediction of favorable 9. Ding China University of source rock kitchens in the Wenlong Geosciences 127 Qiangtang Basin of Tibet Occurrence and enrichment of Chengdu Institute trace elements in marine oil shale 10. Feng of Geology and (China) and their behaviour during Xinglei Mineral Resources 78 combustion Table 19.8
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20. PRODUCTION
20.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in production in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 5,409 people in 2,034 organizations applied for 3,952 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 10,142 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The jump in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. Other indicators suggest that R&D is experiencing healthy growth, while academic publication has actually declined.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 3,148 3,952 25.5% Patenting organizations 1,549 2,034 31.3% R&D personnel 1,342 5,409 303.1% Academic articles 11,130 10,142 -8.9% Academic institutions 3,459 3,972 14.8% Academic researchers 30,210 30,534 1.1% Table 20.1
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20.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in production R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. While Beijing and Shanghai top the list, manufacturing hubs such as Suzhou and Shenzhen are also prominent.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 393 687 2. Shanghai 240 541 3. Suzhou 175 353 4. Shenzhen 126 247 5. Nanjing 105 219 6. Xi'an 66 191 7. Hangzhou 78 187 8. Chengdu 87 183 9. Wuhan 62 165 10. Tianjin 103 154 11. Ji'nan 45 145 12. Guangzhou 91 141 13. Dalian 31 121 14. Qingdao 65 118 15. Wuxi 60 117 16. Zhenjiang 50 84 17. Harbin 27 84 18. Changsha 37 80 19. Hefei 39 78 20. Shenyang 36 76 Table 20.2
Figure 20.1
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20.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in production in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Mass production 6,846 2. Production software 5,511 3. Manufacturing test 2,004 4. Industrialization 1,113 5. Nano 955 6. Rapid manufacturing 933 7. Mechatronics 742 8. Security management 634 9. Metal processing 528 10. Communication protocol 229 11. Flexible manufacturing 184 12. Environmentally friendly 159 13. Durable technology 66 14. High-value manufacturing 57 15. Quality management 44 16. JIT manufacturing 20 17. Risk management 14 18. Agile manufacturing 5 19. Mass customization 1 Table 20.3
Prominent keywords include large-scale production, mechatronics, signal communication, testing, safety, and rapid prototyping.
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20.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in production technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. While academic institutions dominate the list, prominent companies include Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., Ltd. and Dalian Syme Biological Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 56 Beijing 2. Shaanxi University of Science and Technology 30 Xi'an 3. Zhejiang University 27 Hangzhou 4. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., Ltd. 21 Yibin 5. Jiangnan University 20 Wuxi 6. Xi'an Jiaotong University 20 Xi'an 7. Shan Dong University 17 Ji'nan 8. Jilin University 17 Changchun 9. Shanghai Jiaotong University 17 Shanghai 10. Dalian University of Technology 17 Dalian 11. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 16 Beijing 12. South China University of Technology 16 Guangzhou 13. Harbin Institute of Technology 15 Harbin 14. Wujiang Yuanming Printing Factory 15 Suzhou 15. Southeast University 15 Nanjing 16. Wujiang Bei Shing Textile Co., Ltd. 14 Suzhou 17. Anhui University of Technology 14 Ma'anshan 18. Dalian Syme Biological Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. 14 Dalian 19. Beijing Institute of Technology 14 Beijing 20. Jiangsu University 14 Zhenjiang Table 20.4
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20.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in production technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Liu Shusheng 27 Wujiang Yuanming Printing Factory 2. Tang Kunshan Jing Chun Metal & Plastic Dongfeng 26 Products Co., Ltd. Chengdu Hua Gao Biological Products Co., 3. Yuan Ying 23 Ltd. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., 4. He Daxiong 21 Ltd. 5. Liao Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., Zhourong 21 Ltd. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., 6. Zhang Hai 21 Ltd. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., 7. Tang Wei 21 Ltd. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., 8. Liu Zhijun 21 Ltd. Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., 9. Jia Weiping 21 Ltd. 10. Duan Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., Taigang 21 Ltd. 11. Xu Ping 20 Taicang Tianxing Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. 12. Huang Sichuan Yibin Huimei Line Industrial Co., Jinhong 20 Ltd. 13. Yu Chengjun 19 Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS 14. Zhang Lei 17 Tongji University 15. Hu Hongjuan 16 Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences Table 20.5
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20.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, and University of Sciences and Technology Beijing top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 443 Beijing 2. Tsinghua University 233 Beijing 3. University of Science and Technology Beijing 170 Beijing 4. Harbin Institute of Technology 167 Harbin 5. Zhejiang University 153 Hangzhou 6. Northeastern University 141 Shenyang 7. Beihang University 137 Beijing 8. Jilin University 135 Changchun 9. Xi'an Jiaotong University 133 Xi'an 10. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 123 Shanghai 11. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 123 Wuhan 12. Wuhan University of Technology 120 Wuhan 13. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 105 Beijing 14. Dalian University of Technology 101 Dalian 15. Northwestern Polytechnical University 97 Xi'an 16. South China University of Technology 96 Guangzhou 17. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 95 Nanjing 18. Central South University 94 Changsha 19. Chongqing University 94 Chongqing 20. China University of Petroleum 93 Beijing Table 20.6
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20.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Li Ming (Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Azaña José (62), Wei Fuwen Academy of Sciences) 35 (52), Wu Yan (38) 2. Liu Gang (National University Guo Jun (70), Cheng Hui-Ming of Defense Technology) 30 (62), Lu G. Q Max (45) Zhou Mengchu (54), Hu Hesuan (38), Wang Anrong 3. Li Zhiwu (Xidian University) 28 (22) 4. Wang Qiang (Chinese Academy of Agricultural He Jicheng (127), Shen Yi Sciences) 27 (97), Xiong Lize (69) Duan Xue (85), Evans David 5. Li Feng (Linyi University) 27 Geraint (65), Doi Kunio (50) 6. Li Mingzhe (Chinese Cai Zhongyi (99), Fu Wenzhi Academy of Sciences) 27 (54), Hu Zhiqing (20) 7. Wang Bin (China Academy of Zhao Yuying (58), Yu Gang Engineering Physics) 26 (51), Yü Yang (49) He Xingyuan (104), Fu 8. Chén Wěi (Jiangnan Xiaobing (63), Zhang Yingze University) 25 (56) 9. Hua Lin (Wuhan University of Han Xinghui (49), Qian Technology) 25 Dongsheng (38), Lan Jian (33) Peyghambarian Nasser G. (49), Schülzgen Axel (42), 10. Lì Lì (Nankai University) 24 Qiao Fei (37) Table 20.7
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20.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Decoration of Micro-/Nanoscale Noble Metal Particles on 3D Porous Institute of Nickel Using Electrodeposition Semiconductors Technique as Electrocatalyst for 1. Li Chinese Academy of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Ming Sciences N/A Alkaline Electrolyte National University Simulation and experiment on warm 2. Liu of Defense hydroforming of AZ31 magnesium Gang Technology N/A alloy tube New petri net structure and its 3. Li application to optimal supervisory Zhiwu Xidian University 2,977 control: Interval inhibitor arcs Evaluation of mechanical properties of 1060-Al reinforced with WC 4. Wang Chinese Academy of particles via warm accumulative roll Qiang Agricultural Sciences N/A bonding process Research on coating microstructure 5. Li and corrosion behavior of galvanized Feng Linyi University N/A Zn-Al-Mg coated steel sheet Three-dimensional sheet metal continuous forming process based 6. Li Chinese Academy of on flexible roll bending: Principle and Mingzhe Sciences 1,029 experiments Preparation of nickel-coated titanium carbide particulates and their use in 7. Wang China Academy of the production of reinforced iron Bin Engineering Physics N/A matrix composites Relational mechanisms, market contracts and cross-enterprise knowledge trading in the supply 8. Chén chain: Empirical research based on Wěi Jiangnan University N/A Chinese manufacturing enterprises Process design and control in cold 9. Hua Wuhan University of rotary forging of non-rotary gear Lin Technology 1,105 parts Beneficiability study of the blast furance dust from tangshan iron and 10. Lì Lì Nankai University N/A steel company Table 20.8
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21. ROBOCLUSTER
21.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in robotics and automation in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 23,989 people in 9,484 organizations applied for 24,456 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 3,866 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The number of individuals involved in R&D jumped by more than 800% between the two periods, more than what can reasonably be explained by “natural” growth. Likely explanations involve policy incentives or a growing preference among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. This figure aside, it appears that patenting has been growing at an impressive rate while academic publication has declined slightly.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 15,794 24,456 54.8% Patenting organizations 6,267 9,484 51.3% R&D personnel 2,648 23,989 805.9% Academic articles 3,965 3,866 -2.5% Academic institutions 1,196 1,342 12.2% Academic researchers 9,856 10,280 4.3% Table 21.1
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21.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in robotics R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. China’s leading science and engineering centra – Beijing, Suzhou, Shanghai, and Shenzhen – top the list. It is worth noting that all three major regions – the Bohai Economic Rim, the Yantze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta – are very active in automation and robotics R&D.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 1,464 3,469 2. Suzhou 952 2,379 3. Shanghai 921 2,259 4. Shenzhen 580 1,387 5. Tianjin 474 1,058 6. Nanjing 371 1,014 7. Hangzhou 340 996 8. Wuxi 400 925 9. Chengdu 354 895 10. Xi'an 246 869 11. Qingdao 279 851 12. Guangzhou 337 792 13. Dalian 154 716 14. Ji'nan 174 691 15. Zhenjiang 268 689 16. Dongguan 374 650 17. Ningbo 341 634 18. Wuhan 248 615 19. Chongqing 226 568 20. Shenyang 103 563 Table 21.2
Figure 21.1
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21.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in robotics and automation in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Automation 40,213 2. Operating 17,084 3. Location 6,928 4. Precision 5,719 5. Producing test 3,803 6. Human computer interaction 3,567 7. Mechanical arm 1,949 8. Servo 1,915 9. Programming 1,604 10. Intelligent robot 1,287 11. Robot vision 680 12. Robot sensor 512 13. Service robot 466 14. Gripping robot 452 15. Healthcare robot 33 16. Robot cognition 23 Table 21.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include automation, human-computer interaction, mechanical arms, sensing, and control systems.
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21.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in robotics, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list is a mix of academic institutions, such as Harbin Institute of Technology, and companies, such as Chengdu Wanxian Automation Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 621 Beijing 2. Dalian Shahekou District SMEs Service Center 183 Dalian 3. Harbin Institute of Technology 115 Harbin 4. Guangxi University 115 Nanning 5. Zhejiang University 105 Hangzhou 6. Chengdu Wanxian Automation Technology Co., Ltd. 97 Chengdu 7. Shanghai Jiaotong University 93 Shanghai 8. South China University of Technology 89 Guangzhou 9. Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. 77 Zhuhai 10. Jiangsu Provincial Power Company 77 Beijing 11. NARI Technology Co., Ltd. 64 Beijing 12. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. 54 Shenzhen 13. State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company 53 Shanghai 14. Shenyang Siasun Robot & Automation Co., Ltd. 52 Shenyang 15. Ning Xia Jiaxiang Automation Technology Co., Ltd. 50 Yinchuan 16. Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd. 45 Jinan 17. Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 44 Shenzhen 18. State Grid Power Tianjin Municipal Electric Power Company 44 Beijing 19. Shanghai Nenggan Internet of Things Co., Ltd. 41 Shanghai 20. State Grid Fujian Electric Power Company 40 Beijing Table 21.4
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21.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in robotics R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications Dalian Shahekou District SMEs Service 1. Qin Hongjia 184 Center 2. Dong Jianlin 144 State Grid Corporation 3. Tang Chengdu Wanxian Automation Technology Dongfeng 90 Co., Ltd. Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of 4. Liu Shusheng 75 Vpcational Technology 5. Zhang Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Quanwen 56 Technology 6. Yuan Ying 53 Sichuan Galaxy Steel Engineering Co., Ltd. 7. Cai Xuejun 53 Fuzhou University 8. Yu Chengjun 51 Hefei University of Technology 9. Wang Baoyun 50 State Grid Corporation 10. Zhang Yong 50 State Grid Corporation 11. Yao Ping 48 No known affiliation 12. Wang Long 47 Guangxi University 13. Cai Ganwei 46 Guangxi University 14. Hao China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group Chuanxin 46 Co., Ltd. 15. Hua Qingdao Wintec Business Systems Co., Chunsheng 45 Ltd. Table 21.5
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21.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, and Tsinghua University top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 196 Beijing 2. Harbin Institute of Technology 129 Harbin 3. Tsinghua University 119 Beijing 4. Zhejiang University 109 Hangzhou 5. Beihang University 105 Beijing 6. Beijing Institute of Technology 100 Beijing 7. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 82 Shanghai 8. South China University of Technology 80 Guangzhou 9. Southeast University 78 Nanjing 10. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 64 Wuhan 11. Shanghai University 61 Shanghai 12. University of Science and Technology of China 58 Hefei 13. Shandong University 57 Jinan 14. Beijing University of Technology 57 Beijing 15. Harbin Engineering University 50 Harbin 16. Northwestern Polytechnical University 48 Xi'an 17. National University of Defense Technology 48 Changsha 18. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 47 Beijing 19. Chinese University of Hong Kong 47 Hongkong 20. Northeastern University 46 Shenyang Table 21.6
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21.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Ma Shugen (Tianjin Wang Yuechao (119), Li Bin University) 36 (85), Li Bin (54) Li Xiuzhi (54), Takase 2. Jia Songmin (Beijing Kunikatsu (45), Chugo Daisuke University of Technology) 35 (16) 3. Dai Xianzhong (Southeast Ma Xudong (57), Zhang Kaifeng University) 33 (43), Meng Zhengda (36) Arai Fumihito (479), Nakajima 4. Fukuda Toshio (Beijing Masahiro (218), Hasegawa Institute of Technology) 33 Yasuhisa (147) 5. Huang Qiang (Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou Yu Zhangguo (39), Zhang University) 31 Weimin (31), Li Kejie (26) 6. Tan Min (Institute of Automation Chinese Academy Hou Zengguang (147), Cao of Sciences) 31 Zhiqiang (82), Xu De (82) 7. Zhao Jie (Harbin Institute Zhu Yanhe (79), Cai Hegao of Technology) 31 (72), Yan Jihong (67) 8. Zhang Yunong (Ministry of Guo Dongsheng (41), Xiao Lin Education China) 30 (29), Cai Binghuang (25) 9. Wang Tianmiao (Beihang Liang Jianhong (80), Wei University) 29 Hongxing (80), Hu Lei (42) 10. Huang Jian (Huazhong University of Science and Wang Linjun (56), Tang Ke Technology) 29 (41), Xia Yiben (36) Table 21.7
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21.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Stability analysis and gait planning of a quadruped robot 1. Ma based on the eccentric paddle Shugen Tianjin University 1,662 mechanism Person following for mobile robot 2. Jia Beijing University of using improved multiple instance Songmin Technology 253 learning Experimental study on open 3. Dai interior-places perception of Xianzhong Southeast University 1,201 robot based on "prototype" A visual automatic objective 4. Fukuda Beijing Institute of cognition method using human Toshio Technology 1,955 instruction for robot imitation Second Affiliated System design of a 9-DOF robot 5. Huang Hospital of Suzhou capable of fast and flexible rally Qiang University 1,068 task Institute of RSSI-based mobile robot Automation Chinese navigation in grid-pattern 6. Tan Min Academy of Sciences 2,938 wireless sensor network A Simplified Approach to Realize Cellular Automata for UBot Harbin Institute of Modular Self-Reconfigurable 7. Zhao Jie Technology 10,133 Robots Equivalence of different-level 8. Zhang Ministry of Education schemes for repetitive motion Yunong China 2,541 planning of redundant robots Structural target recognition 9. Wang algorithm for visual guidance of Tianmiao Beihang University 978 small unmanned helicopters Huazhong University A collaborative learning 10. Huang of Science and optimization strategy for shared Jian Technology 748 control of walking-aid robot Table 21.8
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22. SERVICE PLATFORM
22.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in sectors in China corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 6,586 people in 2,448 organizations applied for 5,559 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 3,462 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The shart rise in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. Patenting indicators suggest that R&D has experienced rapid growth, while number of academic publications indicators show a slight fall in activity.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 3,528 5,559 57.6% Patenting organizations 1,415 2,448 73.0% R&D personnel 1,088 6,586 505.3% Academic articles 3,478 3,462 -0.5% Academic institutions 1,568 1,720 9.7% Academic researchers 9,257 9,382 1.4% Table 22.1
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22.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in service related R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. As often, the megacities of Beijing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai top the list. They are followed followed by Ji’nan (379 applications), the capital Shandong Province, as well as Nanjing, and Chengdu.
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 691 1,462 2. Shenzhen 293 884 3. Shanghai 345 653 4. Ji'nan 74 379 5. Nanjing 165 355 6. Chengdu 152 284 7. Suzhou 168 275 8. Hangzhou 120 247 9. Xi'an 98 238 10. Guangzhou 124 236 11. Tianjin 96 220 12. Wuhan 91 182 13. Qingdao 78 150 14. Wuxi 66 128 15. Chongqing 51 107 16. Dalian 31 94 17. Dongguan 43 94 18. Fuzhou 41 87 19. Mianyang 8 86 20. Shenyang 25 81 Table 22.2
Figure 22.1
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22.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in Service in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Media service 8,317 2. Smart service 7,866 3. Intelligent service 7,866 4. Service design 3,246 5. Database 2,330 6. Production 2,075 7. Remote service 1,990 8. Streaming media 1,388 9. E-commerce 652 10. Digital service 424 11. Cloud service 400 12. Big data 381 13. Delivery service 228 14. Business model 63 15. Servitization 24 16. Collaborative innovation 11 17. Circular economy 11 18. Total cost of ownership 2 Table 22.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include multimedia, e- commerce, information storage, internet of things, intelligent devices, and cloud computing.
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22.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in sectors corresponding to the Danish Innovation Network, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Prominent companies on the list include entities associated with Inspur Group in Ji’nan, LETV Information Technology in Beijing, and the telecom giants Huawei and ZTE.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 191 Beijing 2. Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd. 132 Ji'nan 3. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd 66 Shenzhen 4. LETV Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 65 Beijing 5. Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 64 Shenzhen 6. LETV Zhixin Electronics Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 61 Tianjin 7. ZTE Corporation 58 Shenzhen 8. Sichuan Changhong Electric Co., Ltd. 57 Mianyang 9. Inspur Group Co., Ltd. 38 Ji'nan 10. China Electric Power Research Institute 30 Beijing 11. Beijing Qihoo Technology Co., Ltd. 27 Beijing 12. Qi Zhi Software (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 27 Beijing 13. Jiangsu Provincial Power Company 25 Beijing 14. Shanghai Jiaotong University 25 Shanghai 15. China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. 21 Beijing 16. Southeast University 21 Nanjing 17. Tendyron Technology Co., Ltd. 20 Beijing 18. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 20 Nanjing 19. XIaomi Technology Co., Ltd. 19 Beijing 20. Zhejiang Yushi Science and Technology Co., Ltd. 19 Hangzhou Table 22.4
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22.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in service related R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications Inspur Electronic Information Industry 1. Jiang Ming 50 Co., Ltd. LETV Information Technology (Beijing) 2. Shen Jian 39 Co., Ltd. LETV Zhixin Electronics Technology 3. Wang Baoyun 33 (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 4. Hao Chuanxin 27 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. LETV Zhixin Electronics Technology 5. Di Jiankai 25 (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. 6. Zhang Quanwen 24 TCL Group Co., Ltd. 7. Dong Jianlin 24 Hohai University Changzhou Campus 8. Tang Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Dongfeng 23 Technology Beijing SI-TECH Information Technology 9. Yang Li 21 Co., Ltd. 10. Xiong Yongqiang 20 Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 11. Guo Guozhong 18 Shanghai Jiaotong University Chengdu Boyue Chuangxin Technology 12. Yuan Ying 17 Co., Ltd. China United Network Communications 13. Liu Fang 17 Group Co., Ltd. 14. Hua Chunsheng 17 Qingdao Haier Software Co., Ltd. 15. Zhao Yongwei 16 Qingdao Haier Software Co., Ltd. Table 22.5
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22.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Tsinghua University 148 Beijing 2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 124 Beijing 3. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 114 Beijing 4. Wuhan University 75 Wuhan 5. Beijing Jiaotong University 72 Beijing 6. Zhejiang University 69 Hangzhou 7. Tongji University 67 Shanghai 8. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 66 Shanghai 9. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 63 Wuhan 10. Beihang University 62 Beijing 11. Northeastern University 52 Shenyang 12. Peking University 51 Beijing 13. Harbin Institute of Technology 50 Harbin 14. Wuhan University of Technology 45 Wuhan 15. Shandong University 39 Jinan 16. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 38 Beijing 17. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 35 Chengdu 18. University of Science and Technology of China 34 Hefei 19. Shanghai University 33 Shanghai 20. Southwest Jiaotong University 32 Chengdu Table 22.6
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22.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Willner Alan Eli (119), Luo Xuan (61), Beausoleil 1. Zhang Lin (Zhejiang University) 28 Raymond G. (60) 2. Junliang Junliang (Beijing University of Posts and Cheng Bo (64), Meng Telecommunications) 26 Xiangwu (30), Su Sen (30) Junliang Junliang (64), Wu 3. Cheng Bo (Beijing University of Jiyan (14), Shang Yanlei Posts and Telecommunications) 20 (12) Zhou Huachun (87), Qin 4. Zhang Hongke (Beijing Jiaotong Yajuan (70), Guan Daxue 18 Jianfeng (69) Liao Xiaofei (127), Zou 5. Jin Hai (Huazhong University of Deqing (90), Shi Xuanhua Science and Technology) 18 (77) Zhang Lin (56), Xu Ping 6. Tao Fei (Beihang University) 18 (45), Ma Cuiqing (28) Yu Zhiping (70), Zhang Yonggang (48), Jiang 7. Wang Yan (Yunnan University) 17 Yúanying (44) 8. Tian Guohui (Shandong Zhou Fengyu (34), Lu Fei University) 17 (21), Li Xiaolei (15) Shao Zhijiang (38), Xue Qikun (30), Zhang Chenyu 9. Chen Xi (Xiamen University) 16 (28) Huang Biqing (13), Zeng 10. Xue Xiao (Henan Polytechnic Zhifeng (8), Wang University) 16 Shufang (7) Table 22.7
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22.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article A discovery method of service-correlation for service 1. Zhang composition in virtual Lin Zhejiang University 5,657 enterprise 2. Component-based Junliang Beijing University of Posts information service platform Junliang and Telecommunications 545 for heating industry Neural network based situation detection and 3. Cheng Beijing University of Posts service provision in the Bo and Telecommunications 119 environment of IoT Beijing Jiaotong Daxue, Research on the service 4. Zhang School of Electronic and mechanisms in smart and Hongke Information Engineering 1,242 cooperative networks Parallel key frame extraction Huazhong University of for surveillance video service 5. Jin Hai Science and Technology 3,156 in a smart city 6. Tao An evolving Web service Fei Beihang University 2,550 interaction network model Research on behavior trust evaluation method of cloud 7. Wang services based on Yan Yunnan University N/A membership theory An automatic approach of service composition for 8. Tian service robot based on Guohui Shandong University 152 parameter-driven mechanism Fuzzy axiomatic design for knowledge demanders and 9. Chen suppliers in knowledge Xi Xiamen University N/A service Intelligent service system with context-awareness capability for coal mine 10. Xue Henan Polytechnic industry: Design and Xiao University 30 implementation Table 22.8
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23. SOUND
23.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in sound technology in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 2,314 people in 1,172 organizations applied for 3,064 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 4,662 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The fast growth in the number of people involved in R&D follows a pattern observed in other sectors mapped in this report and might be a result of policy inventives or a general trend among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. The other indicators are more telling. Patenting has increased sharply, but the number of organizations joining the fray is growing at an even faster pace. Academic publication has also seen a healty increase, albeit on a lower level than patenting.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent 2,157 3,064 42.0% applications Patenting organizations 664 1,172 76.5% R&D personnel 703 2,314 229.2% Academic articles 3,872 4,662 20.4% Academic institutions 1,250 1,515 21.2% Academic researchers 13,040 12,395 -4.9% Table 23.1
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23.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in sound R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Shenzhen tops the list, with neighboring Guangzhou and Dongguan also on the list. This Pearl River Delta cluster of cities is strong in manufacturing. Other prominent cities include Beijing (362 applications), Suzhou (305 applications), and Xi’an (252 applications).
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Shenzhen 159 412 2. Beijing 215 362 3. Suzhou 121 305 4. Xi'an 90 252 5. Chengdu 105 241 6. Shanghai 89 158 7. Guangzhou 62 157 8. Qingdao 35 135 9. Nanjing 49 111 10. Weifang 6 104 11. Tianjin 70 104 12. Wuxi 47 103 13. Dongguan 32 81 14. Ningbo 38 78 15. Chongqing 16 62 16. Xuzhou 9 58 17. Changzhou 30 54 18. Ji'nan 19 52 19. Hangzhou 34 51 20. Huizhou 14 43 Table 23.2
Figure 23.1
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23.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in sound technology in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Speaker technology 8,460 2. Sound system 2,793 3. Recording technology 2,345 4. Microphone 1,023 5. Sound environment 738 6. Hearing aid 712 7. Noise analysis 669 8. Loudspeaker box 543 9. Broadcast 420 10. Power amplifier 325 11. Sound assistive 265 12. Sound design 131 13. Computer game 40 14. Digital media 38 15. Hi-fi 25 16. Sound system 21 Table 23.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include speakers, headsets, hearing aids, sound recording and broadcasting, and microphones.
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23.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China within sound technology, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Prominent enterprises include GoerTek Inc., Wuzhou Constant Acoustic Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., and Suzhou Liren Hearing Audio Supplies Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. GoerTek Inc. 47 Weifang 2. State Grid Corporation of China 41 Beijing 3. Kunshan Shengguang New Energy 36 Suzhou Technology Co., Ltd. 4. Wuzhou Constant Acoustic Electronic 31 Guangxi Technology Co., Ltd. 5. Qingdao Blueprint Culture Communication 24 Qingdao Co., Ltd. Shinan Branch 6. Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. 23 Shenzhen 7. Suzhou Liren Hearing Audio Supplies Co., 19 Suzhou Ltd. 8. Xiaomi Technology Co., Ltd. 18 Beijing 9. Xi'an Keyway Technology Co., Ltd 17 Xi'an 10. HUAWEI Technology Co., Ltd. 17 Shenzhen 11. Chengdu Bo Sheng Information 17 Chengdu Technology Co., Ltd. 12. Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. 16 Beijing 13. Guang Dong OPPO Mobile 16 Dongguan Telecommunications corp.,ltd 14. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. 15 Shenzhen 15. ZTE Corporation 15 Shenzhen 16. Xi'an Kaibeite Intelligent Engineering 13 Xi'an Co., Ltd. 17. Guangzhou Leafun Culture Science and 13 Guangzhou Technology Co. Ltd. 18. Qingdao Sheng Jia Information 13 Qingdao Technology Co., Ltd. 19. Shenzhen Fu Tai Hong Precision Industry 12 Shenzhen Co., Ltd. 20. Suzhou Lejuyitang Electronic Technology 10 Suzhou Co., Ltd. Table 23.4
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23.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in sound technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Cai Guo 30 Wuzhou Constant Acoustic Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. 2. Huang Wei 30 Wuzhou Constant Acoustic Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. 3. Gou 28 No known affiliation Mingying 4. Tian Pan 24 Qingdao Blueprint Culture Communication Co., Ltd., Shinan Branch 5. Xu Feng 20 Chengdu Bo Sheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. 6. Wang Haiwei 20 Qingdao Blueprint Culture Communication Co., Ltd., Shinan Branch 7. Yang 20 Chengdu Bo Sheng Information Technology Co., Baogang Ltd. 8. Liu Sheng 17 Xi'an Keyway Technology Co., Ltd 9. Liu 15 Changzhou Ai Ruite Electronics Co., Ltd. Shusheng 10. Tang 15 Qingdao Weili Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. Dongfeng 11. Dong 13 Suzhou Liren Hearing Equipment Co., Ltd. Jianlin 12. Xu Bin 12 Suzhou Liren Hearing Equipment Co., Ltd. 13. Wu Qiuqi 11 Suzhou Liren Hearing Equipment Co., Ltd. 14. Huang 11 Guangzhou Leafun Culture Science and Shifeng Technology Co., Ltd. 15. Deng Junxi 11 Guangzhou Leafun Culture Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Table 23.5
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23.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, and Tsinghua University top the list.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Chinese Academy of Sciences 325 Beijing 2. Harbin Engineering University 194 Harbin 3. Tsinghua University 176 Beijing 4. Zhejiang University 153 Hangzhou 5. Northwestern Polytechnical University 140 Xi'an 6. University of Science and Technology 92 of China Hefei 7. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 87 Shanghai 8. Nanjing University 82 Nanjing 9. Harbin Institute of Technology 76 Harbin 10. Naval University of Engineering 76 Wuhan 11. Peking University 71 Beijing 12. Southeast University 69 Nanjing 13. Tianjin University 67 Tianjin 14. China University of Petroleum 66 Beijing 15. Chongqing University 66 Chongqing 16. Tongji University 64 Shanghai 17. Xi'an Jiaotong University 60 Xi'an 18. Jilin University 60 Changchun 19. Beihang University 59 Beijing 20. Dalian University of Technology 58 Dalian Table 23.6
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23.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Yan Yonghong (Institute of 47 Pan Jielin (58), Zhang Acoustics Chinese Academy of Jianping (33), Pan Sciences) Fuping (29) 37 Liu Songzuo (18), Wang 2. Qiao Gang (Harbin Engineering Weian (15), Zhou Feng University) (15) 36 Yuan Fei (43), Sun Haixin (21), Shen Weijie 3. Cheng En (Xiamen University) (12) 35 Cheng Jianchun (51), Zou Xinye (34), Zhu 4. Liang Bin (Nanjing University) Xuefeng (13) 34 Yang Diange (82), Zheng Sifa (76), Li 5. Lian Xiaomin (Tsinghua University) Keqiang (73) 32 Ke Manzhu (45), Qiu Chunyin (43), Shi Jing 6. Liu Zhengyou (Wuhan University) (33) 32 Cheng Junsheng (58), Yang Yu (53), Xia 7. Yu Dejie (Hunan University) Baizhan (33) 8. Jin Hong (Harbin Institute of 32 Kang Jian (24), Kang Technology) Jian (16), Meng Qi (8) 31 Wan Quan (29), Zhang 9. Jiang Weikang (Shanghai Jiaotong Haibin (23), Wu Haijun University) (18) 10. Yang Yi (East China Normal 31 Qiu Haibo (103), Ren University State Key Laboratory of Tianling (84), Liu Min Estuarine and Coastal Research) (48) Table 23.7
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23.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article 1. Yan Institute of 461 Factor analysis of Laplacian Yonghong Acoustics Chinese approach for speaker recognition Academy of Sciences 2. Qiao Harbin Engineering 119 Orthogonal M-ary code shift keying Gang University spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication 3. Cheng Xiamen University 103 A MACA-based MAC protocol for En underwater acoustic sensor networks 4. Liang Nanjing University 570 Modeling and optimization of an Bin acoustic diode based on micro- bubble nonlinearity 5. Lian Tsinghua University 359 Influences of scene video on the Xiaomin sound quality evaluation of vehicle noise 6. Liu Wuhan University 5,030 Unidirectional transmission of Zhengyou acoustic waves based on asymmetric excitation of Lamb waves 7. Yu Dejie Hunan University 1,471 Interval and subinterval perturbation methods for a structural-acoustic system with interval parameters 8. Jin Harbin Institute of 76 Sound environment of waiting Hong Technology sectors in large general hospitals in China 9. Jiang Shanghai Jiaotong 226 A gearbox fault diagnosis scheme Weikang University based on near-field acoustic holography and spatial distribution features of sound field 10. Yang East China Normal N/A Graphene-on-paper sound source Yi University devices Table 23.8
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24. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
24.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in sustainable construction in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 8,201 people in 3,069 organizations applied for 10,744 invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 896 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The more than 500% increase in the number of people involved in R&D might be a consequence of policy inventives or a general tendency among companies to involve more of their employees in R&D. More noteworthy is the rapid growth in R&D – almost a 50% increase in patenting – but at the same time a decline in the amount of scientific publications.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 7,254 10,744 48.1% Patenting organizations 2,123 3,069 44.6% R&D personnel 1,315 8,201 523.7% Academic articles 1,001 896 -10.5% Academic institutions 527 511 -3.0% Academic researchers 2,381 2,263 -5.0% Table 24.1
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24.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in sustainable construction R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Apart from the leading R&D hubs of Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou, other cities with much sustainable construction R&D include Tianjin (542 patent applications) and Nanjing (539 applications).
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 551 1,572 2. Shanghai 346 988 3. Suzhou 264 876 4. Tianjin 218 542 5. Nanjing 102 539 6. Chengdu 129 522 7. Xi'an 108 515 8. Wuxi 134 503 9. Qingdao 91 502 10. Changsha 64 440 11. Hangzhou 134 377 12. Huzhou 79 330 13. Ji'nan 55 325 14. Shenzhen 118 325 15. Chongqing 81 319 16. Wuhan 85 292 17. Guangzhou 111 270 18. Shenyang 30 237 19. Zhenjiang 88 230 20. Harbin 47 206 Table 24.2
Figure 24.1
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24.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in sustainable construction in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Construction 10,799 2. Strength technology 5,555 3. Insulation 5,099 4. Safety 4,326 5. Prefabricated 3,530 6. Energy saving 2,489 7. Heat insulation 2,368 8. Anti-seismic 1,798 9. Fire prevention 1,757 10. Sound insulation 1,437 11. Shear wall 770 12. Urban architecture 390 13. House renovation 305 14. Sustainable building 154 15. Energy residential 43 16. Urban infrastructure 24 Table 24.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include construction materials, components, and structures, insulation, scaffolding, and prefabrication techniques.
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24.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in sustainable construction, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The list includes both academic institutions, such as Beijing University of Technology, and companies such as Suzhou Gold Mantis Construction Decoration Co., Ltd. and Green Technology Construction Group New Building Materials High-tech Co., Ltd.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. Beijing University of Technology 336 Beijing 2. State Grid Corporation 199 Beijing 3. Suzhou Gold Mantis Construction Decoration Co., Ltd. 113 Suzhou 4. Green Technology Construction Group New Building Materials High-tech Co., Ltd. 105 Changsha 5. Shenyang Jianzhu University 90 Shenyang 6. Nanjing University of Technology 63 Nanjing 7. Tongji University 63 Shanghai 8. China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Corporation 60 Shanghai 9. Southeast University 59 Nanjing 10. Shandong University of Science and Technology 48 Qingdao 11. Zhongtian Construction Group Co., Ltd. 43 Jinhua 12. Wuxi Ansett Scaffolding Co., Ltd. 42 Wuxi 13. Zhejiang Hangxiao Steel Co., Ltd. 39 Hangzhou 14. Tsinghua University 37 Beijing 15. Suzhou Gold Mantis Curtain Wall Co., Ltd. 36 Suzhou 16. China Construction Engineering Corporation 36 Beijing 17. Guangxi University of Technology 35 Liuzhou 18. Anhui Sentai WPC New Material Co., Ltd. 33 Xuancheng 19. Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 30 Xi'an 20. China Construction Second Engineering Bureau Corporation 30 Beijing Table 24.4
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24.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in sustainable construction R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. The top spot is occupied by Dai Changhong who as applied for all his patents as a private individual rather than under any organization.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Dai Changhong 149 No known affiliation 2. Shen Bo 104 Beijing University of Technology 3. Jia Ji 94 Beijing University of Technology 4. Xie Green Technology Construction Group New Xiangrong 87 Building Materials High-tech Co., Ltd. Green Technology Construction Group New 5. Xie Huaiyu 87 Building Materials High-tech Co., Ltd. 6. Tang Dongfeng 73 Construction Third Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Suzhou Gold Mantis Construction Decoration 7. Xu Mingshi 67 Co., Ltd. 8. Qin Xiaogang 67 Zhongtian Construction Group Co., Ltd. 9. Zhang Hui 65 Beijing University of Technology 10. Dong Suzhou Industrial Park Design and Research Jianlin 53 Institute 11. Yu Chengjun 50 Anhui Shengda Qianliang Aluminum Co., Ltd. 12. Liu Ping 45 Beijing University of Technology 13. Huang Guoqing 42 Wuxi Ansett Scaffolding Co., Ltd. 14. Huang Meijuan 42 Zhejiang Hangxiao Steel Co., Ltd. 15. Wang Bing 41 Zhejiang Hangxiao Steel Co., Ltd. Table 24.5
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24.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014. Harbin Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology top the list. The list bears little resemblience with that of top R&D organizations, indicating a sharp divide between university researchers focusing on basic scientific research and those oriented toward applying and commercializing their results.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Harbin Institute of Technology 76 Harbin 2. Tsinghua University 33 Beijing 3. Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 27 Xi'an 4. Chongqing University 27 Chongqing 5. Chinese Academy of Sciences 27 Beijing 6. Tianjin University 26 Tianjin 7. Tongji University 22 Shanghai 8. Southeast University 20 Nanjing 9. Shenyang Jianzhu University 18 Shenyang 10. Inner Mongolia University of science and technology 14 Baotou 11. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 13 Wuhan 12. Wuhan University 11 Wuhan 13. Taiyuan University of Technology 11 Taiyuan 14. Shanghai University 11 Shanghai 15. Peking University 11 Beijing 16. Jilin Jianzhu University 11 Changchun 17. Dalian University of Technology 11 Dalian 18. Zhejiang University 10 Hangzhou 19. Wuhan University of Science and Technology 10 Wuhan 20. South China University of Technology 10 Guangzhou Table 24.6
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24.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) Zhang Xiaoling (28), Wu 1. Shen Liyin (Chongqing Yuzhe (18), Tam Vivian W.Y. University) 14 (17) 2. Liu Jiaping (Xi'an University Miao Changwen (45), Ran of Architecture and Technology) 12 Qianping (41), Yang. Liu (30) 3. Jiang Shijie (Chongqing University of Science and Shen Liyin (9), Zhou Li (5), Technology) 8 Peng Yi (4) 4. Wu Yajun (Liaoning Wang Xueying (12), Xu Dong University of Technology) 8 Sheng (11), Ma Yu (2) Ablikim Medina N. (39), Achasov Mikhail N. (39), Ai X. 5. Yang. Liu (Hebei University) 8 C. (39) 6. Li Baizhan (Chongqing Yao Runming (31), Ding Yong University) 8 (20), Yu Wei (17) 7. Li Huimin (Ministry of Education and Southwest Fan Yangyu (12), Jia Meng University) 7 (9), Wang Zhuofu (9) 8. Zhu Neng (Tianjin Tian Zhe (14), Zhao Jing University) 7 (12), Ding Yan (9) 9. Zhang Xiaoling (City Shen Liyin (28), Wu Yuzhe University of Hong Kong) 7 (24), Skitmore Martin (11) 10. Yao Jian (Ningbo Yan Chengwen (8), Jin Xu University) 6 (4), Guo Chang (2) Table 24.7
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24.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Key assessment indicators for the 1. Shen Chongqing sustainability of infrastructure Liyin University 2,251 projects Xi'an University of Building energy consumption 2. Liu Architecture and principia under climate change in Jiaping Technology 609 China Chongqing Sustainable infrastructure projects University of in balancing urban-rural 3. Jiang Science and development: Towards the goal of Shijie Technology 14 efficiency and equity Study on the application pattern of 4. Wu Liaoning University solar energy of rural house in the Yajun of Technology 3 cold area Energy efficiency of rural residential 5. Yang. buildings: A sustainable case study Liu Hebei University 13,188 in Daping Village, Sichuan Province Building energy efficiency for 6. Li Chongqing sustainable development in China: Baizhan University 739 Challenges and opportunities Ministry of Education and A study on the energy-saving 7. Li Southwest evaluation index system of rural Huimin University 149 residential buildings Economic efficiency analysis of energy efficiency retrofit for existing 8. Zhu residential building in Tangshan, Neng Tianjin University 296 China The feasibility of concentrated rural settlement in a context of post- 9. Zhang City University of disaster reconstruction: A study of Xiaoling Hong Kong 385 China A multi-objective (energy, economic and environmental performance) life 10. Yao cycle analysis for better building Jian Ningbo University 140 design Table 24.8
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25. TRANSPORT
25.1 KEY METRICS The table below shows some key metrics for R&D in transport in China, based on related invention patenting and academic publications. 6,111 people in 2,855 organizations applied for 5,133 transport related invention patents in the area in 2013 and 2014. During the same period 1,841 academic articles, including conference papers, were published. The number of people involved in R&D has increased by over 300%, possibly revealing the effect of policy incentives or a trend among companies to involve more or their employees in patent applications. Nonetheless, patenting in transport has experienced strong growth between the two periods. Scientific publishing, meanwhile, has been stagnant.
Indicator Amount, 2011- Amount, 2013- Growth 2012 2014 rate Invention patent applications 3,743 5,133 37.1% Patenting organizations 2,059 2,855 38.7% R&D personnel 1,374 6,111 344.8% Academic articles 1,786 1,841 3.1% Academic institutions 931 874 -6.1% Academic researchers 4,584 4,093 -10.7% Table 25.1
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25.2 TOP CITIES The table below shows the most active cities in transportation R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Transport R&D is dominated by some of the usual contributors: Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou, all of which have very strong R&D clusters. Other noteworthy R&D hotspots include Tianjin (287 applications), Wuxi (219 applications), and Qingdao (192 applications).
Cities Number of organizations Number of applications 1. Beijing 431 734 2. Shanghai 270 421 3. Suzhou 238 398 4. Tianjin 203 287 5. Wuxi 127 219 6. Qingdao 99 192 7. Chengdu 113 177 8. Chongqing 83 171 9. Nanjing 88 169 10. Zhenjiang 82 167 11. Wuhan 82 153 12. Wuhu 67 146 13. Xi'an 74 141 14. Guangzhou 82 140 15. Hangzhou 84 140 16. Shenzhen 97 136 17. Ji'nan 60 124 18. Harbin 40 110 19. Dalian 51 107 20. Shenyang 42 98 Table 25.2
Figure 25.1
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25.3 KEY R&D TOPICS The table below shows key concepts in R&D in transportation in China, based on invention patent applications. Specific sectors with many patents are listed below.
Keywords Number of patents 1. Vehicle technology 5,705 2. Maritime technology 4,247 3. Transport environment 3,050 4. Security 1,284 5. Automation 1,069 6. Labor 791 7. Logistics monitor 669 8. Transport safety 459 9. Loading and unloading 446 10. Energy optimization 337 11. Internet of things 151 12. Climate change 137 13. Synergy 96 14. Simulation software 70 15. Inter modality 41 16. Logistics infrastructure 28 17. Energy supply 4 18. Internationalization 3 Table 25.3
Individual keywords that are prominent in patent abstracts include logistics, warehousing and tracking, container packing, assembly and safety, long-distance transport, cold-chain, and environmental protection.
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25.4 TOP R&D ORGANIZATIONS The table below shows the top R&D organizations in China in transport, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014. Rather than specialized transport or logistics companies, the list is dominated by companies specialized in resource extraction and equipments, or other sectors of technology.
Patenting organization Number of City applications 1. State Grid Corporation 66 Beijing 2. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 33 Beijing 3. Beijing Shoucheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. 31 Beijing 4. China University of Mining 22 Xuzhou 5. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute 21 Beijing 6. China Taiyuan Institute of Coal Science and Industry Group Co., Ltd. 17 Taiyuan 7. Shanxi Tiandi Coal Equipment Co., Ltd. 17 Taiyuan 8. Sinopec Refining Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd. 17 Shanghai 9. Guangxi University 16 Nanning 10. Zhenjiang DIngzhi Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. 16 Zhenjiang 11. China National Offshore Oil Corporation 15 Beijing 12. CSR Twenty-seven Vehicle Co., Ltd. 15 Beijing 13. Sinopec Shanghai Engineering Co., Ltd. 15 Shanghai 14. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading Co., Ltd. 15 Suzhou 15. Jiangnan University 13 Wuxi 16. Guangxi University of Technology 13 Liuzhou 17. Wuwei Jinhua Cable Material Co., Ltd. 13 Chaohu 18. Chongqing Laimei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 12 Chongqing 19. Zhejiang University 12 Hangzhou 20. Suzhou Egiga Source Technology Co., Ltd. 12 Suzhou Table 25.4
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25.5 TOP INVENTORS The table shows the individuals that are most active in transport technology R&D, based on invention patent applications for the period 2013-2014.
Inventor Patent Affiliation applications 1. Wang Beijing Shoucheng Agricultural Shengkui 31 Development Co., Ltd. 2. Tang Dongfeng 29 Construction Third Bureau Group Co., Ltd. 3. Shen Zhihai 24 Wuhu Shun Cheng Electronics Co., Ltd. 4. Dong Jianlin 19 Wujiang Keshida Textile Co., Ltd. 5. Yang Xiaoling 17 China University of Mining 6. Bai Shangchun 17 Southeast University Anhui Snell Machinery Manufacturing Co., 7. Ju Xiang 17 Ltd. Zhenjiang DIngzhi Microelectronics 8. Zhu Lihang 16 Technology Co., Ltd. Zhenjiang DIngzhi Microelectronics 9. Jiang Jie 16 Technology Co., Ltd. Zhenjiang DIngzhi Microelectronics 10. Jiang Lingli 16 Technology Co., Ltd. 11. Zhang Huiming 15 Sinopec Shanghai Engineering Co., Ltd. 12. Liu Shusheng 15 Suzhou Antek Industrial Co., Ltd. 13. Wang Ruyin 15 State Grid Corporation 14. Zhao Zhenjiang DIngzhi Microelectronics Peigang 15 Technology Co., Ltd. Suzhou Dafu Food International Trading 15. Li Jianrong 14 Co., Ltd. Table 25.5
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25.6 TOP ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS The table shows the top academic institutions based on academic publications for the period 2013-2014.
Academic institutions Number of relevant City articles 1. Beijing Jiaotong University 81 Beijing 2. Wuhan University of Technology 61 Wuhan 3. Harbin Institute of Technology 40 Harbin 4. Southwest Jiaotong University 39 Chengdu 5. Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Beijing 6. Tongji University 26 Shanghai 7. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 25 Wuhan 8. Tsinghua University 25 Beijing 9. Dalian University of Technology 24 Dalian 10. Tianjin University 24 Tianjin 11. Northeastern University 18 Shenyang 12. South China University of Technology 17 Guangzhou 13. Shanghai Maritime University 17 Shanghai 14. Peking University 17 Beijing 15. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 16 Shanghai 16. Dalian Maritime University 16 Dalian 17. Central South University 16 Changsha 18. Shengyang Aerospace University 16 Shenyang 19. Sun Yat-Sen University 14 Guangzhou 20. Shenyang Aerospace University 14 Shenyang Table 25.6
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25.7 TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below shows top academic reserachers in the area, based on academic publications during the period 2013-2015. The table also gives information about the co-publishing network of each researcher. Information about each researcher’s affiliation, citations, and top publications can be found in the next section.
Name Number of Key co-authors relevant (total number of co- articles published articles) 1. Ji Shouwen (Center of Cooperative Innovation for Shen Jinsheng (8), Wang Beijing Metropolitan Chuantao (7), Han Xiangyu Transportation) 11 (6) Liao Xianbo (23), Yang 2. Hu Zhihua (Shanghai Maritime Yanhua (18), Diao Hongwei University) 8 (17) Peyghambarian Nasser G. (49), Schülzgen Axel (42), 3. Lì Lì (Nankai University) 8 Weidner Donald J. (39) 4. Zhao Lindu (Southeast Jiang Yiping (14), Hou Jing University) 8 (12), Sun Shengnan (12) 5. Huang Min (Shanghai Institute Wang Xingwei (255), Zhu of Materia Medica) 8 Qibing (32), Ip W. H. (24) Gui Weihua (76), Zhai 6. Chen Ning (Southwest Guisheng (21), Zhang Xueyan Jiaotong University) 8 (11) 7. Feng Xuejun (Hohai Jiang Liupeng (7), Wang Wei University) 7 (6), Zhang Yan (3) Zhu Xiaomin (18), Phillis 8. Zhang Runtong (Beijing Yannis A. (14), Shang Xiaopu Jiaotong University) 7 (13) 9. Wang Wei (Tsinghua Wang Jun (41), Liu Feng (39), University) 6 Hunger Michael (36) 10. Huang George G.Q. (The Mak Kai Ling (52), Qu Ting University of Hong Kong) 6 (47), Zhang Yingfeng (30) Table 25.7
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25.8 MORE DETAILS ABOUT TOP ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS The table below provides more information about the top academic researchers listed in the previous section, based on academic publications for the period 2013- 2015.
Name Institutions Citations Representative article Center of Cooperative The building research of dairy Innovation for Beijing products logistics service 1. Ji Metropolitan quality evaluation index Shouwen Transportation 16 system A decision support system for public logistics information 2. Hu Shanghai Maritime service management and Zhihua University 510 optimization Research and building of database model of logistics 3. Lì Lì Nankai University N/A business platform A compromise decision-making 4. Zhao model to recover emergency Lindu Southeast University 547 logistics network Multi period network design of 5. Huang Shanghai Institute of fourth party logistics based on Min Materia Medica 1,804 resilience Study on construction program of information platform of 6. Chen Southwest Jiaotong modern trade and exhibition Ning University 407 logistics park Research on facility layout 7. Feng optimization of logistics node Xuejun Hohai University 17 based on multi-agent A flexsim-based optimization for the operation process of 8. Zhang Beijing Jiaotong cold-chain logistics distribution Runtong University 216 centre Discriminant analysis based method to develop real-time 9. Wang crash indicator for evaluating Wei Tsinghua University N/A freeway safety 10. Huang Internet-of-Things-based just- George The University of Hong in-Time milk-run logistics G.Q. Kong 3,244 routing system Table 25.8
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About ICDK Analysis
ICDK analysis is written or managed by the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science’s Innovation Attachés.
The Innovation Attachés are a part of Innovation Centre Denmark which is a partnership between Denmark’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Higher Education and Science. Together the two ministries manage six centres in Brazil, China, India, Korea, Germany and the USA. ICDK analysis is a concept where the attachés provide new knowledge and inspiration about opportunities or trends within a given topic with relevance for stakeholders within higher education, research and innovation. Find out more about Innovation Centre Denmark on www.icdk.um.dk, where you also can find all ICDK analysis.