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A Study of English Loanwords in Korean 1999학년도

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A Study of English Loanwords in Korean 1999학년도 A Study of English Loanw ords in Korean 1999학년도 西 江 大 學 校 敎 育 大 學 院 英 語 敎 育 專 攻 千 銀 淑 A Study of English Loanw ords in Korean Cheon Eun - Sook T hesis Presented T o the Departm ent of English E ducation , T he Gr aduate School of Education , Sog ang Univer sity P artial F ulfillm ent of Requirem ent for Degree of M aster of E ducation 1999 A Study of English Loanw ords in Korean 指導敎授 이 성 범 이 論文을 敎育學 碩士學位 論文으로 提出함 2000년 1월 西江大學校 敎育大學院 英語 교육 專攻 천 은 숙 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S I w ould like to appreciate the kindness and efforts of many people who helped me to complete my thesis. Fir st of all, I w ould like to give my deepest thanks to Professor Lee Seong Bum who read my draft and kindly corrected my mistakes for the improvement of my thesis. He gave constant advice and encouragement to me throughout this thesis. Without his sincere help, I would not have completed this thesis . I w ould like to give my thanks to all the other professors in English department and my colleagues in Yool- gok High School who helped me during my graduate school day s. I w ould like to give my thanks to my parents- in - law . T hey alway s encouraged me to continue my study and they took care of my children with their whole heart during my study . Lastly, I give special thanks to my beloved husband, Park Seong Bae. I am very grateful to his love and help. Of cour se, my children are tw o of the first per sons to share the pleasure of completing this thesis because they have kept healthy during my study . Cheon Eun Sook November , 1999 - iv - 국 문 초 록 A Study of English Loanwords in Korean 영어교육전공 천 은 숙 현재 영어 전용론이 제기될 정도로 영어의 중요성이 강조되고 있으며 우 리 생활에서 많이 쓰이고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 영어는 우리말 속에 들어와 한 국어와 여러 가지 양상으로 결합되어 사용되고 있다. 그러나 영어가 한국어 와 결합되면서 영어 본래의 형태를 잃어버리고 한국어의 조어법에 따라 결합 함으로써 오히려 영어 학습을 방해하는 경우가 종종 있다. 이 논문은 이와 같은 실태를 분석하고자 율곡 고등학교 학생들에 의해서 사용되는 영어 외래어의 조어법 및 다양한 사용 방법 등을 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 이 논문은 세 영역을 다루었다. 첫째, 외국어로서 자신의 고유한 의미 를 가지고 있는 순수외래어를 다루었다. 둘째, [영어 + 한국어]와 [한국어 + 영어] 형식의 혼성외래어, 셋째, 한국어의 간섭을 받은 일탈된 형태의 영어외 래어, 즉 Konglish에 대해 다루었다. 이 논문은 4장으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째로, 1장에서는 논문의 동기, 목 적과 조직이 소개되어 있다. 2장에서는 이론적 배경을 제시하고 있는데, 외래 어의 정의, 영어 어휘 형성 과정, 영어 복합어의 개요가 나타나 있다. 3장에 서는, 영어 외래어에서 일어나는 다양한 복합어 형성 과정이 분석되어 있다. 이 경우 고유어와 한자어는 구별을 시도하지 않았다. 이 장에서는 다음과 같 - v - 은 것을 보여준다. 첫째, 영어 외래어는 무엇으로 구성되어 있는가, 둘째, 영 어와 한국어의 조어 차이는 무엇인가, 셋째, 한국어에는 어떤 종류의 Konglish가 있으며, 영어에서 그 의미는 무엇인가를 다루었다. 이를 알기 위 해 영어와 한국어의 조어 양상을 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 4장에서는 전체 분석을 다음처럼 요약하여 제시하였다. 첫째, 영어 외래어는 - ed, - s 그리고 - ing 등의 접사가 탈락되어 간소화 된 형태로 한국어에 차용되는 경우가 많다. 그 결과 salaried m an 같은 영어외래어의 - ed가 축약되어 salary man 으로 쓰였고, f our balls 같은 영어 외래어가 f our ball로 쓰였으며, f ry ing p an이 f ry p an으로 쓰이고 있다. 둘째, Konglish 또는 [한국어 + 영어] 복합어는 한국어의 조어법을 따라 만들어지고 있다. 예 를 들어 달걀 f ry 는 영어로 f ried egg이다. 셋째, Konglish 또는 영어 외래 어에서 [명사 + 명사]로 합성된 복합어가 차용되거나 만들어지기 쉬웠고 대 부분 그것들은 내심합성어들이 많았다. 넷째, 영어외래어는 동사가 명사로 인 식되어 한국어의 동사 접사를 붙인 후에나 동사의 기능을 할 수 있었다. 그 래서, up g rade시키다 와 download하다 처럼 쓰인다. 영어가 한국어와 결합하 면서 영어 본래의 조어법에서 많이 일탈되어 있음을 살펴볼 수 있다. 그러므로 학생들이 영어 공부하는 데 방해가 되는 것을 제거하여 영어를 올바로 사용할 수 있도록 하기 위해 이런 방면의 계속적인 연구가 필요하다. 그리고 이 논문이 학생과 영어 교사들이 영어를 올바로 배우고 가르치는데 도움이 되었으면 한다. - vi - T able of Content s I. INT RODUCT ION 1.1 Motive ………………………………………………………………1 1.2 Purpose ………………………………………………………………2 1.3 Organization …………………………………………………………4 II. T HEORET ICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 T he definition of loanw ords ………………………………………5 2.1.1 English loanwords ………………………………………5 2.1.2 T he definition of Konglish ……………………………6 2.2 Word- formation processes of English ……………………………8 2.2.1 Inflection and derivation …………………………………8 2.2.2 Conversion …………………………………………………13 2.2.3 Complex compounding ……………………………………14 2.2.4 Coinage ……………………………………………………16 2.2.5 Acronym ……………………………………………………17 2.2.6 Clipping ……………………………………………………19 2.2.7 Blend ………………………………………………………20 2.2.8 Back - formation ……………………………………………21 2.3 An outline of English compounding …………………………23 2.3.1 Compound nouns …………………………………………23 - vii - 2.3.2 Compound verbs …………………………………………26 2.3.3 Compound adjectives ……………………………………26 2.3.4 Compound adverbs ……………………………………29 III. ANALYSIS OF LOANWORDS 3.1 Pure English loanwords ………………………………………30 3.1.1 Compound nouns …………………………………………30 3.1.2 Compound adjectives ……………………………………32 3.1.3 Compound verbs …………………………………………33 3.2 Hybrid loanw ords ………………………………………………33 3.2.1 Compound nouns …………………………………………34 3.2.2 Derivational verbs and derivational adjectives ………39 3.3 Konglish : English loanw ords adapted to Korean …………43 3.3.1 Compound nouns …………………………………………43 3.3.2 Clipping ……………………………………………………47 3.3.3 Blends ………………………………………………………48 IV . CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………50 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………54 ABST RACT …………………………………………………………………57 - viii - I. INT RODUCT ION 1.1 Motive T here are a number of English pseudo- loanwords introduced into Korean . T hey interfere with English learning because broken English is very wide- spread in Korean . Some examples will illustrate the point . Fir st dead ball is an imitated Japanese expression . T he second example is pine juice which is shortened for pineapple juice because of phonetic convenience although pine is a kind of tree. T he third example is [noiroze] which is pronounced incorrectly by the influence of Japanese. Japanese came to have influence on Korean during the colonial period by using Japanese as the official language. T he fourth example is back mirror which is mistranslated, and so on. For this reason, w ord- formation processes of English loanwords in Korean used by the students of English should be analyzed. T his thesis will deal with three major areas: 1) Pure English loanw ords that have their own meaning as a foreign language. 2) T he loanw ords made up of English + Korean and of Korean + English 3) Konglish - 9 - T hrough three areas, I will show how compounds of English loanwords are made up of and used by high school student s. In general when English loanw ords are borrow ed, they go through changes in phonological, semantic, syntactic and morphological aspects. In the morphological aspects word- formation processes of English loanwords will be studied. Konglish and compounding of English + Korean and of English + Korean as w ell as English loanw ords are the object of the study of this paper . It is not always easy to distinguish English loanwords from w ords in Korean . T he origins and the w ay they are used will also be examined in this study . So the w ords from English which cannot be substituted by Korean w ords naturally are defined as English loanwords in Korean . By contrast, the words which can be substituted Korean for English words are defined as the foreign w ords. One further goal of this thesis is to help student s and English teachers to study and teach English correctly and native English structures to be taken on as they are. In other words, it is hoped that when they study English at first , lest they should use English incorrectly and the loanwords already come in Korean are corrected right . 1.2 Purpose T he purpose of this thesis is to find out : 1) What are English loanw ords made up of? - 10 - 2) How do the differences between English and Korean word- formation affect the English loanw ords in Korean? 3) What are the types of deviant loanw ords, commonly called Konglish and how are they adapted to Korean? T his thesis will aim to help students and English teachers to study and teach English correctly . English loanw ords are used in Korean every day but there are also a lot of pseudo- English loanw ords which even native speaker s of English do not understand. An English loanw ord is defined as the word which is borrowed but adopted as vernacular . Increasing cultural exchange and the development of technology need to coin a lot of new lexemes. T hey are borrowed in Korean by cultural and informational exchange although they are foreign w ords. T hey are used every day like Korean, so they seem to be Korean . Granting that they are awkw ard because of coming from foreign words, they are borrow ed to be used because the Korean w ords coined in Korea arbitrarily are less natural than English . T he number of English loanwords in Korean is surprisingly increasing day by day . As a result, English loanw ords are overused and misused, especially on T V or magazines. In addition, even in new spaper, the title of an article is written in English, often in pseudo- English . In internet, abbreviation and slanguage which sometimes common people cannot understand are overused. Because of such overuse and misuse of English, students and even English teachers can seldom - 11 - distinguish whether they are pure English w ords or pseudo- English .
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