Waterfront Revitalization for Small Cities Date
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/naAttr Liss WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION FOR SMALL CITIES DATE. OF OUT IS information: PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Extension Miscellaneous 8414 Oregon State University Extension Service March 1990 ORDERING Interested in additional copies? If you would like additional copies of Waterfront Revitalization for Small Cities, EM 8414, please order by title and DATE. series number from: Publications Orders Agricultural Communications OF Oregon State University Administrative Services A422 Corvallis, OR 97331-2119 Single copies available at OUT$16.00 plus $2.40 shipping and handling each. Bulk orders up to $100 should include 15 percent shippingIS and handling. For orders of $100 or more, please call (503) 737-2513 for a price quote. Quantity discounts given on orders of 100 or more copies of a single title. information: PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION FOR SMALL CITIES DATE. OF by J.W. Good and R. F. Goodwin James W. Good Extension coastal resources specialist Oregon State University,OUT and Robert F. Goodwin coastal resourcesIS specialist University of Washington Sea Grant Program With research assistance from Shannon M. Stambaugh Oregoninformation: State University PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog The authors owe special thanks to contract that made this book possible, Acknowledgments the city planners, citizen volunteers, who provided advice and encourage- business leaders, port staff and others ment throughout the research and living in the communities used as case writing of this book. studies. Their willingness to share Finally, we wish to remember the their knowledge, expertise, and late Myer R. Wolfe, dean emeritus and experience made this book possible. professor or urban design and plan- We specifically want to recognize Paul ning. University of Washington, Carr of Port Angeles; Paul Benoit, Seattle, who died as this book was Doug Thompson, Steve Forrester, and nearing completion. Andrea Kermet of Astoria; Jessica Fletcher, Carol Carver, and Steve Photography McClain of Skamokawa; Nolan City of Arcata: p. 45; T.H. Gentle, OSU Young, Valerie Smart, and Blair Sned- Office of Agricultural Communications: don of Reedsport; Larry Lehman and pages 13,24,25, 26,29,30 (2), 31,35,46, Dick Pearson of Seaside; Mary Lou 54,56, 62,DATE. 64, 67, 68, 69 (2), 71, 76, 81 Block, James Barnes, and Frances (2), 82,85, 87; Rod Gill, Reedsport, Murphy of Edmonds; David Hull of Oregon: p. 12; fames W. Good, OSU Arcata; Cindy Trobitz-Thomas and Extension Sea Grant Program: pages 2, Kevin Hamblin of Eureka; and Rich- OF10,11,14,15,18,19,42,43,55,56, 61, ard Malin, Steve Morrison, Pete 63, 64, 65 (2), 66, 68, 70 (2), 73, 74 (2), Swensson, Jackie Geppert, and Al 75, 99,105,115; Robert Goodwin, Kimbel of Olympia. Washington Sea Grant Program: pages Urban designers, planners, finan- 16,17,36,40,42,47,52, 62, 67, 80; cial consultants, and agency specialists Andrea Kennet, Daily Astorian: p. 8; reviewed earlier drafts of OUTthe manu- Kent Kerr, Daily Astorian, p. 9; fames script and gave us valuable advice. We Larison, Oregon Sea Grant Program: are especially indebted to Fred Click, pages 2,3,4, 60, 92; Monterey Bay Click Associates, Portland;IS John Aquarium, Monterey, California: p. 79; Owen, MAKERS Architecture and Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Urban Design, Seattle; Cynthia Weed Oregon: p. 1; fohn Owen, MAKERS of Preston, Thorgrimson, Ellis and Architecture and Urban Design, Seattle, Holman, Attorneys-at-Law, Seattle; Washington: pages 84,97; City of Port Ray Hansen, James Braman, and Tom Angeles: pages 7, 71; Port of Port Angeles: McCollough, CH2M-Hill; Peg Johnson, Ogdeninformation: Beeman and Associ- ates; Jim Schwab, American Planning Illustrations Association, Chicago; Peter Grenell, James Pettinari, University of Oregon California State Coastal Conservancy; College of Architecture and Allied Arts: Tom Dowd, Washington Sea Grant; cover, pages 38,49,50. Steve Harvey, Cowlitz-Wahkiakum David Myrum, Corvallis, Oregon: Governmental Conference; Rainmar pages 44 (2), 45; Bartl, Clatsop-Tillamook Intergovern- Signe Landon, Corvallis, Oregon: currentmental Council; and Pat Corcoran and pages 7, 9,11,13,15,17,19,33,34,48, PUBLICATIONFred Smith, Oregon State University 57,91. Extension Service. We want to pay special tribute to Editing and Design two people whose contributions to Project Editor: most this book were invaluable. Sharmon Stambaugh, our research assistant, Evelyn A. Liss, THIS searched the literature, collected OSU Department of materials, conducted interviews, Agricultural Communications For wrote drafts of case studies, and Text Editors: organized the appendixes. In addition, Myrna Branam, Word Design, she was the principal author of the Corvallis, Oregon; http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalogOregon Supplement (EM 8415) to this Sandra Ridlington, guidebook. Don Oswalt, contract Oregon Sea Grant Program officer for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development, Designer: Tom Weeks, OSU Department of Agricultural Communications CONTENTS i Introduction 2 What is a Small Waterfront City? 2 Why a Small City Waterfront Planning Guide? 3 How this Guidebook is Organized 5 Part I—Why Revitalize? 6 Port Angeles, Washington 8 Astoria, Oregon 10 Skamokawa, Washington 12 Reedsport, Oregon 14 Seaside, Oregon 16 Edmonds, Washington 18 Arcata, California 21 Part II—Revitalizing Your WaterfrontDATE. 23 Stage 1—Getting Started 23 Organizing the Planning Team 26 Outlining the Planning ProcessOF 27 Getting the Community Involved 28 Involving State and Federal Agencies 32 Stage 2—Surveying the Waterfront 32 Defining the Study Area 33 Developing a GoodOUT Base Map 33 Inventorying and Mapping Information 36 IdentifyingIS Important Waterfront Issues 38 Stage 3—Developing the Waterfront Plan 39 Defining Plan Elements 45 Formulating Waterfront Goals and Objectives 46 Developing Alternative Design Schemes 50 Making Cost Estimates 51 Design Evaluation and Synthesis 52 Adoptinginformation: the Waterfront Plan 53 Stage 4—Implementing the Waterfront Plan 54 Managing Waterfront Revitalization 54 Implementing Land-use Controls and Incentives 54 Acquiring Necessary Parcels of Waterfront Land 55 Phasing Waterfront Redevelopment 55 Identifying Project Sponsors, Funding Sources, and Techniques current56 Marketing the Waterfront Plan PUBLICATION57 Stage 5—Revisiting the Waterfront Plan... The Ongoing Process 59 Part III—Revitalization Issues, Tools, and Techniques 60 Waterfront Uses and Activities most 72 Land Use and Development Controls and Incentives THIS 75 Land Acquisition Techniques 78 Financing Waterfront Revitalization For 84 Choosing and Using Consultants Effectively 90 Obtaining Permits for Waterfront Development http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog95 Appendixes 97 Appendix A. Citizen Involvement Techniques 105 Appendix B. Sources of Financial Assistance 115 Appendix C. References and Resources INTRODUCTION The small cities and towns of steamers no longer call, the fishing found a particular niche their larger America, like their larger fleet has moved, and the docks are in counterparts do not fill. Marine counterparts, have changed disrepair. Often only remnants of the recreation and waterfront tourism are dramatically over recent past remain—old pilings, marine of growing importance in other decades. Nowhere is this more railways, concrete foundations, and towns, to the delight of some apparent than along the harbor or rusting boilers and other equipment. residents and the dismay of others. riverfront where many of these towns Today's waterfront is often a source But in nearly all of these grew up. A generation or two ago, a of embarrassment to many small communities,DATE. a closer look at the "walk down to the docks" was a towns, so they have turned their waterfront turns up many unrealized descent into a netherworld—a land backs on it, and allowed it to be opportunities for revitalization— where the odors of fish processors reclaimed by willows, cottonwoods, improvement of public access, and lumber mills mixed with stack and sedge. OFcreation of new economic activity, gas of the occasional tramp steamer, However, this characterization of preservation and restoration of where riverboats off-loaded cargo. A past and present waterfronts hardly historic structures and sites, and the place fishermen, boat builders, mill does justice to the great diversity of general creation of new life and workers, seamen, and transients small cities and towns in America. In energy. It is to these small cities and worked or loitered outside boarding many communities, the waterfrontOUT is towns that this guidebook is houses or seedy bars. Few frequented still a lively, vital place. In many addressed. It is aimed at the "movers a working waterfront who did not cities, fishing fleets have prospered, and shakers" of the community—city have business there. absorbing the boats ISfrom the smaller council representatives, planning Today, these working water- neighboring harbors; and by the good commissioners, city planners, port fronts have virtually disappeared. fortune of location or aggressive commissioners, harbormasters, water- Most of the mills have closed, the marketing, some small ports have front shopowners, and citizen activists. information: PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog Waterfront Revitalization for Small Cities