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Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix Wave Modelling

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Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix Wave Modelling Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix Wave Modelling June 2013 Draft Report 9Y0510 HASKONING UK LTD. RIVERS, DELTAS & COA STS Stratus House Emperor Way Exeter, Devon EX1 3QS United Kingdom +44 1392 447999 Telephone 01392 446148 Fax [email protected] E-mail www.royalhaskoningdhv.com Internet Document title Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix Wave Modelling Document short title Wave Modelling Status Draft Report Date June 2013 Project name Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Project number 9Y0510 Client North Somerset Council Reference 9Y0559/R/303395/Exet Drafted by Martha Gaches and Eddie Crews Checked by Keming Hu Date/initials check …………………. …………………. Approved by Greg Guthrie Date/initials approval …………………. …………………. A company of Royal HaskoningDHV CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Location 1 2 INPUT DATA FOR WAVE MODELLING 2 2.1 General 2 2.2 Bathymetry 2 2.3 Tide and Still Water Levels 2 2.4 Wave Data 3 2.4.1 Wave Data Sources 3 2.4.2 Offshore Wave Data 3 2.4.3 Nearshore Wave Data 5 2.4.4 Wave Intpus for Spectral Wave (SW) Modelling 8 3 MIKE 21 SPECTRAL WAVE MODEL SET UP 9 3.1 Model Mesh 9 3.2 Model Bathymetry 10 3.3 Location of Model Result 11 3.4 Offshore boundary conditions 12 4 WAVE MODEL RESULTS 14 5 REFERENCES 17 Appendices Appendix A CCO Nearshore Wave Buoy Data Appendix B SW Wave Modelling Results (Area Plots) Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix – Wave Modelling Draft Report i June 2013 1 INTRODUCTION This Technical Appendix supports the Weston Bay Beach Management Plan (Weston Bay BMP) commissioned by North Somerset Council (NSC). The document describes the wave modelling conducted for the Weston Bay BMP outlining input data and modelling methodology as well as giving an overview of the results. Analysis and interpretation of the results are provided within the BMP. 1.1 Location The area covered by the Weston Bay BMP is shown in Figure 1.1, denoted at either end by two black arrows. This area stretches from Brean Cross sluice on the Axe Estuary to the south, to Anchor Head at the north end of Weston Bay. Figure 1.1 Study Area Location Plan Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix – Wave Modelling Draft Report - 1 - June 2013 2 INPUT DATA FOR WAVE MODELLING 2.1 General Information for this study has been taken from previous studies undertaken for North Somerset Council including the Weston Sea Front Strategy Study conducted by Royal Haskoning (2004) and the Weston-super-Mare Seawall and Seafront Enhancements Project, also undertaken by Royal Haskoning (2006). The results from these studies, as well as other available data, were reviewed and used in the wave model. Weston-super-Mare is situated in the Weston Bay process unit of the Severn Estuary Coastal Cell that extends from the rock headland of Birnbeck in the North to Brean Down in the South (as defined in the Severn Estuary Shoreline Management Plan). The limestone headlands protect a bay which is comprised predominantly of fine sediments within the intertidal zone, with a sandy beach around the high water mark. The hinterland at Weston is generally low lying across the extent of the bay. In the north, the back shore is highly developed and protected by a stone seawall which was improved as part of the Seafront Enhancements Project. To the south the backshore is occupied by Weston-super-Mare Golf Club which is protected by a robust ridge of sand dunes. In summary, extreme waves come predominantly from a westerly direction and are ocean (swell) waves. Smaller, locally generated waves come predominantly from the north. There is a large tidal range of 11.2m (mean spring tides) over a shallow sloping beach of sand and mud. 2.2 Bathymetry The bathymetry data for this wave model contains CMAP data (Digital Admiralty Chart Soundings), topographic survey data covering an area between Knightstone Island and the Tropicana (Conducted for the Weston-super-Mare Seawall and Seafront Enhancements Project, 2006) and LiDAR data of the study area. The mesh and bathymetry generated using this data can be seen in Figures 3.1 to 3.4. 2.3 Tide and Still Water Levels Tides at Weston-super-Mare are semi-diurnal i.e. comprising two high tides and two low tides each day. The mean spring tidal range is 11.2m, with a mean neap tidal range of 5.8m. For the purposes of modelling, tide levels were taken from the Admiralty tide tables for 2013 (Hydrographic Office, 2013), which is the standard now used by the Environment Agency for extreme tide predictions in the South West Region. The tide levels used for modelling purposes are shown in Table 2.1. Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix – Wave Modelling Draft Report - 2 - June 2013Draft Report Table 2.1: Spring, neap and extreme tide levels at Weston-super-Mare Levels relative to Levels relative to Tide Level Chart Datum ODNewlyn (m CD) (m) Chart Datum 0.00 -6.00 Mean Low Water Springs (MLWS) 0.80 -5.20 Mean Low Water Neaps (MLWN) 3.00 -3.00 Mean Water Level (MWL) 6.15 0.15 Mean High Water Neaps (MHWN) 8.80 2.80 Mean High Water (MHW) 10.40 4.40 Mean High Water Springs (MHWS) 12.00 6.00 1Yr Return Period 13.62 7.62 200Yr Return Period 14.43 8.43 1000Yr Return Period 14.76 8.76 NB. Chart datum at Weston-super-Mare is –6.0m Ordinance Datum 2.4 Wave Data 2.4.1 Wave Data Sources Wave data was available from four sources: 1) Extreme offshore wave heights estimated for the Weston-super-Mare Seawall and Seafront Enhancements: Numerical Modelling of Nearshore Waves and Overtopping (Royal Haskoning, 2006) 2) Estimates of extreme offshore wave heights were available from the Coastal Boundary Conditions Project (Environment Agency 2011a) 3) Annual nearshore Wave Climate created for the Weston Seafront Strategy Study (Posfords Haskoning, 2004) using data from the Bridgwater Bay to Bideford Bay Shoreline Management Plan, Volume 3, Halcrow, 1998. 4) Observational data from the Channel Coastal Observatory (CCO) wave nearshore buoy (downloaded from the CCO website). It should be noted that the annual nearshore wave climate has been used to validate the model. The other sources have been used for information purposes only. 2.4.2 Offshore Wave Data Data Source 1: Offshore Extreme Wave Heights, RHDHV for NSC Extreme wave heights from the Weston-super-Mare Seawall and Seafront Enhancements study were derived from scatter table information obtained from the UK Meteorological Office dating from 1st June 1991 to 31st May 2006. These extreme wave heights were estimated for a location at the mouth of the Bristol Channel (51.3ºN 4.5ºW, see Figure 2.1). A 3-parameter weibull analysis was performed on the scatter table data. This is a widely accepted technique from which to derive estimates of extreme waves. As the site at Weston-super-Mare is west-facing, only waves from the westerly quadrant Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix – Wave Modelling Draft Report - 3 - June 2013 (226 to 315 degrees) were considered for the extrapolation of extreme waves in this study. Table 2.2 summarises the extreme value wave heights. Table 2.2 Extreme Value Wave Heights Offshore Return Period Offshore Direction Sector (yrs) 226 o – 255 o 256 o – 285 o 286 o – 315 o Hs (m) Tz (s) Hs (m) Tz (s) Hs (m) Tz (s) 1 5.64 8.34 5.86 8.50 5.28 8.07 5 6.59 9.01 6.92 9.23 6.38 8.86 10 6.98 9.27 7.36 9.52 6.83 9.17 20 7.35 9.52 7.78 9.80 7.27 9.50 50 7.83 9.82 8.33 10.10 7.85 9.83 100 8.19 10.04 8.73 10.40 8.27 10.10 200 8.53 10.25 9.12 10.60 8.69 10.35 300 8.73 10.40 9.35 10.73 8.93 10.50 Hs The wave period was estimated from Tz ≈ 11 . g Data Source 2: Offshore Extreme Wave Heights, Met Office The estimates of extreme wave heights were derived from simulations of eight years of swell wave activity, undertaken by the Met Office. The closest location at which these data were available was at Wave ID 271, which is approximately 25km south of Swansea, and roughly 60km west northwest of Weston Bay (see Figure 2.1). The extreme estimates of Hs can be seen in Table 2.3. Weston Bay Beach and Dune Management Plan Technical Appendix – Wave Modelling Draft Report - 4 - June 2013Draft Report Figure 2.1 Location of Offshore Extreme Waves Royal Haskoning (for NSC) and Met Office (Wave ID 271) Table 2.3 Coastal Boundary Conditions Extreme Wave Height (m) data from Wave ID 271 Return Direction Period Southwest Northwest T1 2.97 2.26 T2 3.08 2.47 T5 3.2 2.69 T10 3.29 2.82 T20 3.36 2.93 T25 3.38 2.96 T50 3.44 3.04 T75 3.47 3.08 T100 3.5 3.1 T150 3.52 3.14 T200 3.54 3.16 T250 3.56 3.17 T300 3.57 3.18 T500 3.6 3.21 T1000 3.63 3.25 It is clear from Table 2.2 and Table 2.3 that there is a significant difference between the offshore wave heights from Data Source 1 and 2.
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