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A New Geological Model to Explain the Gravity Gradient Across Exmoor, North Devon
A new geological model to explain the gravity gradient across Exmoor, north Devon M. BROOKS, M. BAYERLY & D. J. LLEWELLYN SUMMARY Recent long seismic lines in South Wales and plained by a simple geological model in which the Bristol Channel indicate a structural cul- a thick sequence ofrelatlvely low density Lower mination under the southern part of the Bristol Palaeozoic or late Precambrian rocks occupies Channel, where a layer with a seismic velocity the core of this culmination. The model casts of 6-I km/s approaches to about 2 km of the further doubt on the existence of a major thrust surface. It is shown that the gravity field across under Exmoor. Exmoor and the Bristol Channel can be ex- I. Introduction SEVERAL LONG SEISMIC LINES in the Bristol Channel area, full details of which will be presented in later papers, give evidence of a basal layer of high velocity, in the range from 6. I-6. 3 km/s, which is interpreted as being of Lower Palaeozoic or Precambrian age. This layer, which almost certainly does not represent the same geological formation under all lines, lies at shallow depth under the western part of the South Wales Coalfield, deepens southwards into the northern part of the Bristol Channel and rises rapidly towards the north Devon coast. Figure I illustrates reduced time-distance curves for two of the long seismic lines D and F, whose locations are shown in Fig. 2. On each line, a series of offshore shots was fired into a fixed array of land recording stations. -
Accounting for National Nature Reserves
Natural England Research Report NERR078 Accounting for National Nature Reserves: A Natural Capital Account of the National Nature Reserves managed by Natural England www.gov.uk/naturalACCOUNTING FOR-england NATIONAL NATURE RESERVES Natural England Research Report NERR078 Accounting for National Nature Reserves: A Natural Capital Account of the National Nature Reserves managed by Natural England Tim Sunderland1, Ruth Waters1, Dan Marsh2, Cat Hudson1 and Jane Lusardi1 Published 21st February 2019 1 Natural England 2 University of Waikato, New Zealand This report is published by Natural England under the Open Government Licence - OGLv3.0 for public sector information. You are encouraged to use, and reuse, information subject to certain conditions. For details of the licence visit Copyright. Natural England photographs are only available for non commercial purposes. If any other information such as maps or data cannot be used commercially this will be made clear within the report. ISBN 978-1-78354-518-6 © Natural England 2018 ACCOUNTING FOR NATIONAL NATURE RESERVES Project details This report should be cited as: SUNDERLAND, T., WATERS, R.D., MARSH, D. V. K., HUDSON, C., AND LUSARDI, J. (2018). Accounting for National Nature Reserves: A natural capital account of the National Nature Reserves managed by Natural England. Natural England Research Report, Number 078 Project manager Tim Sunderland Principal Specialist in Economics Horizon House Bristol BS1 5TL [email protected] Acknowledgements We would like to thank everyone who contributed to this report both within Natural England and externally. ii Natural England Research Report 078 Foreword England’s National Nature Reserves (NNRs) are the crown jewels of our natural heritage. -
Habitats Regulations Assessment for the Preferred Strategy
THE WEST SOMERSET LOCAL PLAN 2012 TO 2032 DRAFT PREFERRED STRATEGY HABITAT REGULATIONS ASSESSMENT January 2012 This report was prepared by Somerset County Council on behalf of the Exmoor National Park Authority, as the 'competent authority' under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. Copyright The maps in this report are reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. (Somerset County Council)(100038382)(2011) 2 Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4 2. Screening Exercise ..................................................................................................... 6 3. Characteristics and Description of the Natura 2000 Sites ........................................... 8 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 Identification of Natura 2000 sites................................................................................ 8 Ecological Zones of Influence .................................................................................... 11 Description and Characterisation of Natura 2000 Sites ............................................. 11 4. Potential Impacts of the Plan on Ecology ................................................................. -
North and Mid Somerset CFMP
` Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan Consultation Draft (v5) (March 2008) We are the Environment Agency. It’s our job to look after your environment and make it a better place – for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 © Environment Agency March 2008 All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Environment Agency Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan – Consultation Draft (Mar 2008) Document issue history ISSUE BOX Issue date Version Status Revisions Originated Checked Approved Issued to by by by 15 Nov 07 1 Draft JM/JK/JT JM KT/RR 13 Dec 07 2 Draft v2 Response to JM/JK/JT JM/KT KT/RR Regional QRP 4 Feb 08 3 Draft v3 Action Plan JM/JK/JT JM KT/RR & Other Revisions 12 Feb 08 4 Draft v4 Minor JM JM KT/RR Revisions 20 Mar 08 5 Draft v5 Minor JM/JK/JT JM/KT Public consultation Revisions Consultation Contact details The Parrett CFMP will be reviewed within the next 5 to 6 years. Any comments collated during this period will be considered at the time of review. Any comments should be addressed to: Ken Tatem Regional strategic and Development Planning Environment Agency Rivers House East Quay Bridgwater Somerset TA6 4YS or send an email to: [email protected] Environment Agency Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan – Consultation Draft (Mar 2008) Foreword Parrett DRAFT Catchment Flood Management Plan I am pleased to introduce the draft Parrett Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP). -
Middle Hope to Brean Down
Middle Hope to Brean Down Existing defences and What can be done? probability of flooding Monitoring will continue at Sand Bay As a result of recent improvements to Beach and levels may need raising after defences by the Local Authority (marked in 2040. The beach can provide a high purple on the map), the risk of tidal level of protection up to 2110, with the flooding to most properties at Weston- probability of flooding being 1 in 200 in Super-Mare is 1 in 200 or less in any year. any year. We are currently producing a However the chance of wave disruption beach management plan for Sand Bay. here is 1 in 5 or less in any year. Maintenance and improvements will be Some agricultural areas to the north of carried out on the defences at Weston- Weston-Super-Mare have a 1 in 20 chance Super-Mare and Uphill through working of flooding in any year. with other authorities. The sea wall at Weston-Super-Mare will provide a high At Sand Bay, the sand dunes, salt marsh level of protection up to 2110 but may and beach, as well as the sea wall at the need raising after 2060 to reduce wave north of the bay provide a flood defence. overtopping. We are working with the There is a low risk of significant flooding; Local Authority to create a beach however the moveable nature of sand management plan for Weston Bay. dunes means that the probability of flooding can change in a short space of Landowners can help to maximise the time. -
Somerset Geology-A Good Rock Guide
SOMERSET GEOLOGY-A GOOD ROCK GUIDE Hugh Prudden The great unconformity figured by De la Beche WELCOME TO SOMERSET Welcome to green fields, wild flower meadows, farm cider, Cheddar cheese, picturesque villages, wild moorland, peat moors, a spectacular coastline, quiet country lanes…… To which we can add a wealth of geological features. The gorge and caves at Cheddar are well-known. Further east near Frome there are Silurian volcanics, Carboniferous Limestone outcrops, Variscan thrust tectonics, Permo-Triassic conglomerates, sediment-filled fissures, a classic unconformity, Jurassic clays and limestones, Cretaceous Greensand and Chalk topped with Tertiary remnants including sarsen stones-a veritable geological park! Elsewhere in Mendip are reminders of coal and lead mining both in the field and museums. Today the Mendips are a major source of aggregates. The Mesozoic formations curve in an arc through southwest and southeast Somerset creating vales and escarpments that define the landscape and clearly have influenced the patterns of soils, land use and settlement as at Porlock. The church building stones mark the outcrops. Wilder country can be found in the Quantocks, Brendon Hills and Exmoor which are underlain by rocks of Devonian age and within which lie sunken blocks (half-grabens) containing Permo-Triassic sediments. The coastline contains exposures of Devonian sediments and tectonics west of Minehead adjoining the classic exposures of Mesozoic sediments and structural features which extend eastward to the Parrett estuary. The predominance of wave energy from the west and the large tidal range of the Bristol Channel has resulted in rapid cliff erosion and longshore drift to the east where there is a full suite of accretionary landforms: sandy beaches, storm ridges, salt marsh, and sand dunes popular with summer visitors. -
The England Coast Path
il unc Co nty Cou set mer , So rtin Ma enn © Gl ead ineh rds M Towa The England Coast Path Natural England has started work developing the England Coast Path – a new long- distance trail that will eventually allow people to walk around the whole English coast. The England Coast Path is possible because of the and pubs through increased visitor spending where Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. additional visits are made. As well as a long-distance walking route, there will often be areas of ‘spreading room’ beside the route What’s happening in Somerset? where people can explore, relax and admire the view. The Somerset coast has been chosen as the location The Act also means that for the first time, where for one of the first stretches of the England Coast existing footpaths erode into the sea, a replacement Path, from Minehead to Brean Down (see map route can be quickly put in place – securing people’s overleaf). Work to extend the path to adjoining right to walk around the coast forever. stretches of the Somerset coast will follow. The new path will avoid certain areas such as Natural England is working closely with officers private houses and gardens, major ports and from Somerset County Council, who are providing sensitive conservation areas. expert local advice and helping to ensure there is full consultation with local interests during the Opening up many miles of coastline for all to enjoy development of the route. will help support local services like shops, hotels www.naturalengland.org.uk/coastalaccess WESTON-SUPER-MARE Extent -
Bridgwater Bay to Minehead Jenny Mccubbin Volunteer Parish Path Liaison Officer
Beach and Coastal Walks – Stewart Collins Adult Participation Manager SASP East to West Burnham, Berrow and Brean. A vast 8 mile+ stretch of Sandy Beach with sand dunes one side and fabulous view of Wales the other, accessible from multiple points on the coast road. Can be busy particularly around the holiday camps in high summer , though so huge it is never crowded, but outside this period it is very peaceful. At low tide do not venture on to the mud as there is a danger of getting stuck (why on earth anyone would want to is beyond me!) and keep your eye on an incoming tide if you have parked on the beach, spring tides come right up to the dunes. A pleasant National Trust Café at the Brean Down end and many refreshment options near the holiday camps at the Berrow end SC Brean Down itself, at the Eastern end is a great climb for the energetic and offers great views over Weston Super Mare (on no account clamber down and try to walk to Weston, it looks close but the mud is deadly). The steps are very steep and difficult to successfully Social Distance but the road (only used by service vehicles) is a much easier and safer option. SC Steart Marshes TA5 2PU Steart Marshes is the first of the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust’s working wetlands and is a fascinating walk at any time of the year. It provides flood defence for local homes and businesses, showcases productive farmland and is home to a thriving nature reserve. -
Great Weston Conservation Area
GREAT WESTON CONSERVATION AREA Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan AN INTRODUCTION Allies and Morrison September 2018 Urban Practitioners Draft for consultation How to find your way around HOW TO USE THIS 1. 3. 5. DOCUMENT An Introduction Character Area 1: Seafront Character Area 3: Hillside This document introduces the Page 4 Great Weston Conservation Area and what makes it special. The conservation area is divided into four character Introduction and history Introduction and history areas. This document can be read as a comprehensive overview and guide to the Summary of special character Summary of special character single conservation area, but if you would like to learn more Overview of current condition Overview of current condition about each character area, there are individual appraisals Mapping character Mapping character which can be viewed and accessed separately for ease. Changes affecting the area These can be found here: Changes affecting the area THIS DOCUMENT www.n-somerset.gov.uk/ Management proposals Management proposals westonconservation INTERACTIVE 2. 4. 6. This document is intended to be Management guidance Character Area 2: Town Centre read online. You can navigate Character Area 4: Whitecross through it using the interactive links on the contents page and throughout the report. The draft for consultation Challenges Introduction and history Introduction and history sets out the appraisal of the conservation area. Following Summary of special character Summary of special character the consultation, sections Opportunities will be drafted on how the conservation area and each Implementation Overview of current condition Overview of current condition individual character area should be managed. This Mapping character Mapping character contents page shows how these sections will sit in the Appendix Changes affecting the area Changes affecting the area wider document structure (Section 2). -
Uphill Walks 10 Healthy Walks Around and About Uphill Village Third Edition
Uphill Walks 10 Healthy Walks Around and About Uphill Village Third Edition Uphill Walks 1! Health Walks at Uphill Explore the wonderful fauna and flora around Uphill as well as going for a purposeful walk to improve your health. A health walk aims to: • Encourage people, particularly those who undertake little physical activity, to walk on a regular basis within their communities. • Ensure the walk is purposeful and brisk but not too challenging for those who have not exercised recently. • Plan the walk so it is safe, accessible, manageable and enjoyable. Health walks are all about getting inactive people on the first rung of the ladder to a more active lifestyle. So if you enjoy exercise in the fresh air a health walk may be just what you are looking for. Please note that walks 4 to 9 in this book are over three miles and only suitable for those who walk regularly and are used to walking this distance over uneven terrain and up moderate to steep inclines. Uphill Walks 2! Why Walk? Walking can: • Make you feel good • Give you more energy • Reduce stress and help you sleep better • Keep your heart 'strong' and reduce blood pressure • Help to manage your weight Why is walking the perfect activity for health? • Almost everyone can do it • You can do it anywhere and any time • It's a chance to make new friends • It's free and you don't need special equipment • You can start slowly and build up gently To help motivate you to walk more why not take up the step counter loan service. -
142: Somerset Levels and Moors Area Profile: Supporting Documents
National Character 142: Somerset Levels and Moors Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 142: Somerset Levels and Moors Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper1, Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape Convention3, we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform theirdecision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The informationthey contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 knowledge. -
21Landscape and Visual Impact
21. Landscape and Visual Impact 21 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT 21.1 Introduction 21.1.1 This chapter provides an assessment of the Hinkley Point C Development on the local and wider landscape and on a range of identified sensitive visual receptors. The assessment has been undertaken through a combination of review of available information on landscape character and sensitivities, consultation with appropriate organisations, the use of 3d modelling techniques and the establishment of a number of viewpoints around the proposed Hinkley Point C Development Site from which potential visual impact may be apparent. 21.1.2 The assessment has been undertaken through a staged approach which is reflected in the structure of this chapter. The landscape and visual policy context for the scheme is set out in section three and is followed in section four by a description of the assessment methodology. 21.1.3 The fifth section consists of a baseline study of the landscape and visual resource of the existing site and its surroundings. This breaks the landscape down into component parts, which assists with identifying any elements or features that might be particularly sensitive to the proposed development. 21.1.4 The sixth section sets out the potential landscape and visual impacts that the scheme could have without any mitigation, including construction phase landscape and visual effects and potential effects on the completion of the scheme. Mitigation measures are described in section seven and the significance of any residual effects are described in section eight. 21.1.5 In parallel with EDF Energy’s consultation process, National Grid is consulting on its proposals to provide a new high voltage overhead line between Bridgwater and Seabank near Avonmouth, together with more upgrades and modifications to existing overhead lines in the vicinity of Hinkley Point.