Electronic Toll Payment System Using RFID Smart Card By Mohd Irfan Bin Badrul Hisham Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Bachelorof Technology (Hons) (Business Information System) JULY 2009 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL Electronic Toll Payment System Using RFID Smart Card By Mohd Irfan Bin Badrul Hisham A project dissertation submitted to the Computer & Information Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partialfulfillment of the requirement for the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (Hons) (BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEM) Approved by, (Nazieeni Binti Haron @ Baharon) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK July 2009 CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original workis myownexcept as specified in the references andacknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons MOHD IRFAN BIN BADRUL HISHAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah. The author finally finished the report for final year project. Process to get the jobdone was tough and difficult, but at the same time it was also fun and interesting. Thus the author would like to take this opportunity here to give appreciations forthem for all the supports that have been given to the author. First of all, the authorwouldlike to conveygratitude and thankful to Allah S.W.Tfor the blessing and for his parent, Badrul Hisham bin Abdullah and Che Zainabi binti Mohamad andalso family members. Their non-stop support, encouragement and love arevery much treasure by the author. Theauthor alsowould liketo convey mostthankful to his supervisor, Mrs. Nazleeni Samiha bintiHaron forher guidance andmoral support throughout the process in completing thisproject. Mrs. Nazleeni hasbeena greathelpby giving the author opportunity to work withher as well as givingvaluable adviceand facilitate the author. Special thank for Dr. Fadzil binHassan, for helping the author in finishing the project coding. With the lecturers' continuous support, the author manages to complete this project successfully. Lastly, theauthor also wants to express thanks andgratitude toall friends thatprovide help andgive support to theauthor during the development ofthisproject. Their assistance is very much appreciated. Deeplyfrombottomof the author's heart,he thanks you all. -Ill- ABSTRACT This Degree's FinalYear Projectpresents RFIDpaymentsystemto be appliedto the car tollcollection system. Theproject is entitled "Electronic Toll Payment System Using RFIDSmartCard".The objectives are to develop an electronic smartcard integratedwith RFIDtechnology and prepaid features for toll farepaymentpurposes. Project's prototype will providea suitable, fast and up to datetechnology in collecting toll fare. In actual simulation, it doesn'trequired interaction between the car ownerandthe toll butonly need the car to pass toll gantry where RFID reader will detect RFID smart card and toll farepaymentwill be madeautomatically. Hence, creatingan alternative solution for Toll Company whichcurrently using ticketingtechnology and facingtrafficcontrolissues during peakhours. Implementation procedure forthisprototype in daily activities, RFID tag serves concurrently as smart cardimproving current automatic toll payment system, i.e. TouchN' Go. This tag can be programmed to saveuniqueidentifier(UID)that determines vehicle information details, retrieved from central database. IV- TABLE OF CONTENT CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT HI ABSTRACT IV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study 1 1.2 Project Definition 2 1.3 Problem Statement 3 1.3.1 Current Payment 3 1.3.1.1 Manual Payment 3 1.3.1.2 Touch 'n Go / SmartTag 3 1.4 Objectives 5 1.5 Scope ofStudy 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 6 2.2 Introduction to Smart Card 7 2.3 Smart Card Communicate with Card Reader 8 2.4 Contact Smart CardArchitecture andDesign 9 2.5 Introduction to Contactless Smart Card 9 2.6 Contactless Smart CardArchitecture andDesign 10 2.7 Introduction ofCombination Smart Card 11 2.8 Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) 11 2.9 Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) Overview 12 2.10 Electronic RoadPricing(ERP) 14 2.11 Implementation ofRFID Smart Card 15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 System Methodology 17 3.1.1 Planning 18 3.1.2 Analysis 18 3.1.3 Design 18 3.1.4 Testing 19 3.1.5 Implementation 19 -V- 3.2 Project Timeline 20 3.2.1 Final Year Project I 20 3.2.2 Final Year Project II 21 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Analysis Result 22 4.1.1 Touch 'n Go / SmartTAG 22 4.1.2 Contactless Smart Card 24 4.1.3 Introduction ofhardware device 26 4.1.4 Device demonstration 27 4.2 Design Result 28 4.2.1 System Flow 28 4.2.2 System Flow 30 4.2.3 Electronic Payment System 32 4.2.4 Flowchart Electronic Payment System (EPS) 33 4.2.5 System Graphical User Interface 37 4.2.5.1 Login Page 37 4.2.5.2 Main Menu 38 4.2.5.3 Account Registration 40 4.2.5.4 Manual Reload 42 4.2.5.5 Auto Deduct 43 4.2.5.6 Monthly Statistics 44 4.2.6 Project Database 45 4.2.6.1 Class Diagram 45 4.2.6.2 Data Flow Diagram 46 4.3 TestingResult: User Acceptance Testing 47 4.4 Testing Result: Functionality Testing 50 4.5 TestingResult: Accuracy Testing 54 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 57 5.2 Future Recommendation 58 REFERENCES APPENDICES Appendix I - System Interface and Coding 62 Appendix II - Questionnaire 85 -VI- TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS LIST OF PHOTOS Photo 1: Smart Tag device 4 Photo 2: High Frequency RFID Reader and RFID Smart Card 26 LIST OF TABLE Table 1: Comparisons among heterogeneous positioning technologies 23 Table 2: Comparison between other wireless technologies 25 Table 3: Functionality test table 51 Table 4: Accuracy test table 54 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Contact Smart Card 8 Figure 2: Eight-Pin Micromodule 9 Figure 3: Contactless Smart Card 10 Figure 4: Electronic TollCollection system flow 13 Figure 5: Traditional development and Rapid Application Design methodology 17 Figure 6: Demo program shows UID for each tag identify byreader. 27 Figure7: Electronic PaymentSystemArchitecture fromUser side 29 Figure 8: RFID Architecture for Tracking and Payment System 29 Figure 9: System Workflow forElectronic Payment System 30 Figure 10: Use CaseDiagramfor RFID Solution 31 Figure 11: Flowchart Diagram for Electronic Payment System User Registration 32 Figure 12: Flowchart Diagram for Electronic Payment System Manual Reload 33 Figure 13: Flowchart Diagram for Electronic Payment System Auto Deduct 35 Figure 14: Flowchart Diagram for Electronic Payment System Monthly Statistics 36 Figure 15: LoginPage 37 Figure 16: Main Menu Selection 38 Figure 17:Account Registration Page 39 Figure 18: Update UserDetails Page 40 Figure 19: Manual ReloadPage 41 Figure 20: Auto Deduct Page 42 Figure21: MonthlyStatistics Page 43 Figure22: Class Diagram for User Payment 44 Figure 23: Class Diagram for Statistics 44 Figure 24: Data Flow Diagram for Electronic Toll Payment System 45 Figure 25: Result ofUser Acceptance Test 48 -VII- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background ofStudy Nowadays, technology is anessential factor forourdeveloping country in order to improve efficiency and cross references with time and cost saving. Malaysia has been progressed rapidly interms of road development transportation. In line with that, toll plaza has been widely built in order to collect fare for the usage ofthe road infrastructure. Passing tollhasbeen a daily routine in some area especially to those who live in urban city like Kuala Lumpur. As income percapita fora family hasincreases, many people inMalaysia arecapable to buytwo or more vehicles perfamily. These contribute to traffic issue and accident near tollplaza especially during festive season and peak hours. Eventhough, there are innovation in ourroadfor the last 10years suchas the use of Touch 'n GoandSmart Tag butpeople stillprefer to usecurrent ticketing method to avoid expensive smart card reader device and extra fees in smart card reload. Therefore author haschosen to useRadio Frequency Identification (RFID) as an alternative solution to overcome this issue. The objective is to use RFID smart card (transponder) for toll fare collection. This can be done where each card has a chip insideit which contains differentunique identifier(UID)than others. With this chip, it can store information hence capable to be use as payment medium and other further functionality like storing person details. Contactless smart card does not have to interact withsmart cardreader as it is capable to transmit signal to the reader. In situation where smartcard moves at high speed, it can be detectable and transaction canbe made. These significant factors madeusing RFID smart cardas 1 an alternative thatcan savetimeeffectively andtraffic control efficiency when implemented at toll plaza. Cars do not have to queueand wait sincepaymentcan be made fast and easy. 1.2 Project Definition This project is focusing on TollElectronic Payment System using RFID smart card.The main challenge for the authoris to researchand develop toll fare Electronic Payment System (EPS) basedon RFID technology. More research focus oncontactless smart cardas foritsfeature to perform tasks without any interactswith readerfor paymentpurposes. On this project, EPSmade on website platformwhereit has mechanism to manual reloads, auto reloads, checkbalance account and also the