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Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland

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Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland Klaus Georg Hansen, Rasmus Ole Rasmussen and Ryan Weber (editors) NORDREGIO WORKING PAPER 2013:6 Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012 Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland Klaus Georg Hansen, Rasmus Ole Rasmussen and Ryan Weber (editors) Proceedings from the First International Conference on Urbanisation in the Arctic Conference 28-30 August 2012, Ilimmarfik, Nuuk, Greenland Nordregio Working Paper 2013:6 ISBN 978-91-87295-07-2 ISSN 1403-2511 © Nordregio 2013 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.se www.norden.org Editors: Klaus Georg Hansen, Rasmus Ole Rasmussen and Ryan Weber Front page photos: Klaus Georg Hansen Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and inter- national collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. The Nordic Council is a forum for co-operation between the Nordic parliaments and governments. The Council consists of 87 parliamentarians from the Nordic countries. The Nordic Council takes policy initiatives and monitors Nordic co-operation. Founded in 1952. The Nordic Council of Ministers is a forum of co-operation between the Nordic governments. The Nordic Council of Ministers implements Nordic co-operation. The prime ministers have the overall responsibility. Its activities are co-ordinated by the Nordic ministers for co-operation, the Nordic Committee for co-operation and portfolio ministers. Founded in 1971. Nordregio – Nordic Centre for Spatial Development conducts strategic research in the fields of planning and regional policy. Nordregio is active in research and dissemina- tion and provides policy relevant knowledge, particularly with a Nordic and European comparative perspective. Nordregio was established in 1997 by the Nordic Council of Ministers, and is built on over 40 years of collaboration. Stockholm, Sweden, 2013 Content 1. Preface.........................................................................................................................................................9 2. Program for the conference .................................................................................................................... 11 3. Urbanisation – an obstacle or a precondition? Palle Christiansen...........................................................................................................................................17 4. Megatrends in Arctic Development Rasmus Ole Rasmussen ................................................................................................................................19 5. A History of Urbanization in the Arctic Timothy Heleniak ............................................................................................................................................23 6. Review of Russian Arctic Regions: urbanization, economy, demography Lyudmila Zalkind .............................................................................................................................................25 7. Marginal places in discursive space: Political economies of development and urban space planning in the North, conceptual shifts Andrey N. Petrov ............................................................................................................................................31 8. The history of urbanization and Urban Planning in the Faroes – the case of Tórshavn Sámal tróndur Johansen ................................................................................................................................37 9. Iqaluit – Growth of an Inuit Capital Rob Shields and Barret Weber .......................................................................................................................39 10. Un-Planning in Iqaluit, Nunavut Kirt Ejesiak and Alain Fournier .......................................................................................................................49 11. Arctic Urban Development and Climate Change: Past, Present and Future of Russian Urban Infrastructure in Permafrost Regions Nikolay I. Shiklomanov ...................................................................................................................................57 12. Environmental Impacts of Urbanization: Policy Implications for Local Warming in Nuuk, Greenland Tony Reames..................................................................................................................................................59 13. The Role of Winter/Ice Roads in Industry and Communities in Northern Alberta Scott Stephenson ...........................................................................................................................................67 14. Urbanization of the Alaskan Arctic: The Great Reversal? Hal Salzman ...................................................................................................................................................73 15. Greenlandic urbanization and urban life – Decline or development? Gitte Tróndheim ..............................................................................................................................................75 16. Urban Sámi and the City as a frame for the development of a new Sámi cultural form in Scandinavia Paul Pedersen and Torill Nyseth ....................................................................................................................79 17. Coming off Country’: The unthinkable process of Indigenous urbanisation from remote Australia Andrew Taylor .................................................................................................................................................91 18. Your region – your choice Maliina Abelsen ............................................................................................................................................105 19. Remoteness, Transportation Infrastructure and Urban-Rural Population Movements in the Arctic Matthew Berman and Lance Howe ..............................................................................................................109 20. Long-distance commuting (LDC) in the Russian North: understanding socio-economic impacts on host communities Elena Vladimirovna Nuikina..........................................................................................................................123 21. Oil and Gas towns in Western Siberia:past, present and future challenges Yvette Vaguet ...............................................................................................................................................125 22. Urban Greenland: A spatial analysis of Nuuk’s evolving labour market Michael J Dangerfield ...................................................................................................................................133 23. New industry and changing demography in East Iceland Hjalti Johannesson .......................................................................................................................................135 24. New industry and changing demographyin Newfoundland and Labrador Keith Storey ..................................................................................................................................................137 25. Climate and Demographic Change in Arctic Alaska Lawrence C. Hamilton ..................................................................................................................................147 26. New Economic Activities and Urbanisation: Individual reasons for moving and for staying – Case Greenland Klaus Georg Hansen and Rasmus Ole Rasmussen ....................................................................................157 27. Aftermath of growth in Reykjavik Capital region – land-use and values inherent in Icelandic urbanization Anna Karlsdóttir ............................................................................................................................................183 28. Gender dynamics in the “oilopolis”: consequences of boomtown growth for women in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia Jessica K. Graybill ........................................................................................................................................193 29. Sociological perspectives on Canadian Arctic urbanization – What is a town? Thibult Martin ................................................................................................................................................195 30. Diasporas in the Arctic Urbanization Rasmus Ole Rasmussen ..............................................................................................................................197 31. Recommendations from the conference
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