Local Governance in Yemen Amid Conflict and Instability
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NASA Analyzes Powerful Cyclone Chapala's Rainfall Over the Arabian Sea 30 October 2015
NASA analyzes powerful Cyclone Chapala's rainfall over the Arabian Sea 30 October 2015 UTC (10:56 a.m. EDT). GPM's rainfall data from the first pass showed that Chapala was close to hurricane intensity as the GMI instrument clearly showed the location of a developing eye. By the second pass Chapala's maximum sustained winds were estimated at 65 knots (75 mph) making it a category one on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. Rainfall rates were derived from data collected by GPM's Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual- Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) instruments. GPM's GMI instrument found precipitation around the small tropical cyclone to be only light to moderate. Rain near the center was measured falling at a rate of slightly more than 28 mm (1.1 The MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite inches) per hour with the first pass and 31.9 mm got a good look at the eye of Tropical Cyclone Chapala (1.3 inches) per hour in the second examination. in the Arabian Sea on Oct. 30 at 09:10 UTC (5:10 a.m. GPM is a joint mission between NASA and the EDT). Credit: NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Team NASA satellites have been providing data on powerful Tropical Cyclone Chapala as it continued strengthening in the Arabian Sea. The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission or GPM core satellite provided a look at strengthening Tropical Cyclone Chapala in the Arabian Sea. Additionally, NASA's Aqua satellite got a good look at the storm's small eye. -
Skeptical Science the Thermometer Needle and The
11/9/2015 The thermometer needle and the damage done Look up a Term CLAM Bake Climate Science Glossary Term Lookup Enter a term in the search box to find its definition. Settings Use the controls in the far right panel to increase or decrease the number of terms automatically displayed (or to completely turn that feature off). Term Lookup Term: Define Settings Beginner Intermediate Advanced No Definitions Definition Life: 20 seconds All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941954. Cambridge University Press. Home Arguments Software Resources Comments The Consensus Project Translations About Donate Search... The thermometer needle and the damage done Posted on 6 November 2015 by Andy Skuce Rising temperatures may inflict much more damage on already warm countries than conventional economic models predict. In the latter part of the twentyfirst Century, global warming might even reduce or reverse any earlier economic progress made by poor nations. This would increase global wealth inequality over the century. (This is a repost from Critical Angle.) A recent paper published in Nature by Marshall Burke, Solomon M. Hsiang and Edward Miguel Global nonlinear effect of temperature on economic production argues that increasing Climate's changed before temperatures will cause much greater damage It's the sun to economies than previously predicted. Furthermore, this effect will be distributed very It's not bad unequally, with tropical countries getting hit very There is no consensus hard and some northern countries actually benefitting. -
Emergency Plan of Action Operation Update Somalia: Tropical Cyclone Chapala
Emergency Plan of Action operation update Somalia: Tropical Cyclone Chapala DREF n° MDRSO004 EPoA update n° 1; Date of Issue: 18 December 2015 Timeframe covered by this update: 13 November – 13 December 2015 Operation start date: 13 November 2015 Operation timeframe: Two months, two weeks (New end date: 31 January 2016) Overall operation budget: CHF 27,823 N° of people being assisted: 150 families (900 people) Host National Society(ies) presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches):The Somalia Red Crescent Society (Two SRCS branches (Berbera and Bosaso) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners currently actively involved in the operation: German Red Cross Society, International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, World Food Programme. A. Situation analysis Description of the disaster On Monday 2 November 2015, Tropical Cyclone Chapala made a landfall in Yemen; however its effects were also felt across the Gulf of Aden in Somalia where extensive rainfall was experienced in the northern Bari region in Bosaso district, Puntland. Affected areas include Baargaal, Bander, Bareeda, Butiyaal, Caluula, Murcanyo, Qandalla, Xaabo and some parts of Xaafun. In the worst affected coastal villages enormous waves washed away people’s homes, fishing boats and nets. On 4 November 2015, there was more rainfall from Tropical Cyclone Chapala in Berbera district, Somaliland, specifically in Biyacad, Bulahar, Ceelsheik, and Shacable situated on the west coast of Sahil region, causing additional population displacement, and killing livestock. Most of the affected population is nomads who derive their livelihood from pastoralism, as an estimated 3,000 sheep and goats, as well as 200 camels were killed. -
NASA Sees First Land-Falling Tropical Cyclone in Yemen 3 November 2015
NASA sees first land-falling tropical cyclone in Yemen 3 November 2015 Yemen. Al Mukalla has a desert climate and the average rainfall is about 1.72 inches or 45 mm. Rainfall from the storm is a serious concern. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that the storm could generate 200 mm (7 inches), which is four times the average annual rainfall. On Nov. 3, 2015 at 07:20 UTC (2:20 a.m. EDT) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer or MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite captured an image of Tropical Cyclone Chapala over Yemen. At the time of the image, Chapala appeared to still have a pinhole eye near the coast. The MODIS image showed bands of powerful thunderstorms over the Arabian Sea, to the east of On Nov. 3, 2015 at 07:20 UTC (2:20 a.m. EDT) the the center and wrapping around the storm and into MODIS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite the center from the north. captured this image of Tropical Cyclone Chapala over Yemen. Credit: NASA Goddard MODIS Rapid Response On Nov. 3 at 10:17 UTC (5:17 a.m. EDT) NASA's Team Aqua satellite passed over Chapala again and looked at the storm in infrared light. The data was made into a false-colored infrared image at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Tropical Cyclone Chapala made landfall in Yemen The AIRS image showed the coldest cloud top early on November 3 (Eastern Standard Time) and temperatures along the coast and north of the made history as the first land-falling tropical storm center of circulation. -
Yemen's Revolutionary Moment, Collective Memory and Contentious
The London School of Economics and Political Science Citizen Revolt for a Modern State: Yemen’s Revolutionary Moment, Collective Memory and Contentious Politics sur la longue durée Tobias Thiel A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, 2015 Yemen’s Revolutionary Moment, Collective Memory and Contentious Politics | 2 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 98,247 words. Yemen’s Revolutionary Moment, Collective Memory and Contentious Politics | 3 ABSTRACT 2011 became a year of revolt for the Middle East and North Africa as a series of popular uprisings toppled veteran strongmen that had ruled the region for decades. The contentious mobilisations not only repudiated orthodox explanations for the resilience of Arab autocracy, but radically asserted the ‘political imaginary’ of a sovereign and united citizenry, so vigorously encapsulated in the popular slogan al-shaʿb yurīd isqāṭ al-niẓām (the people want to overthrow the system). -
Tropical Cyclone Chapala
Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Somalia: Tropical Cyclone Chapala DREF Operation ° MDRSO004 Date of issue: 14 November, 2015 Date of disaster 2 – 3 November 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): : Point of contact (name and title): Somalia: Ahmed Ahmed Gizo, Country Representative, Dr. Ahmed Gizo, Country Representative, Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Mohammed Hassan, President SRCS Hassan, President SRCS Operation start date: 13 November 2015 Expected timeframe: One Month Overall operation budget: CHF 27,823 Number of people affected: 4,000 Number of people to be assisted: 150 families (900 people) Host National Society(ies) presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): The Somalia Red Crescent Society (Two SRCS branches (Berbera and Bosaso) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation (if available and relevant): German Red Cross Society, International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, World Food Programme. A. Situation analysis Description of the disaster On Monday 2 November 2015, Tropical Cyclone Chapala made a landfall in Yemen; however its effects were also felt across the Gulf of Aden in Somalia where extensive rainfall was experienced in the northern Bari region in Bosaso district, Puntland. Affected areas include Baargaal, Bander, Bareeda, Butiyaal, Caluula, Murcanyo, Qandalla, Xaabo and some parts of Xaafun. In the worst affected coastal villages enormous waves washed away people’s homes, fishing boats and nets. On 4 November 2015, there was more rainfall from Tropical Cyclone Chapala in Berbera district, Somaliland, specifically in Biyacad, Bulahar, Ceelsheik, and Shacable situated on the west coast of Sahil region, causing additional population displacement, and killing livestock. -
The Essential Role of Local Governance in Yemen
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN YEMEN The Essential Role of Local Governance in Yemen Adam Baron, Andrew Cummings, Tristan Salmon, Maged al-Madhaji September 2016 1 October 2016 THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN YEMEN ﻋرض اﻟﻧﺳﺧﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ Photo by: Thana Faroq Note: The information and views set out in this paper are those of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the official views and positions of Sana’a Center, Adam Smith International © 2016 SANA’A CENTER, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 September 2016 THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN YEMEN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Yemen’s local councils are responsible for the day-to-day provision of basic public services to 26 million Yemenis and are amongst the most crucial institutions of governance in the country. However, the outbreak of civil war in 2014 and the subsequent Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen in March 2015 has devastated local councils’ ability to provide these services: financial resources have evaporated, armed militias challenge their authority, and extremist groups such as Al Qaeda and the Islamic State have assassinated council members. Despite the challenges, local councils have been generally resilient and continue to operate in some form in most parts of the country, though they have been rendered ill-equipped to handle the largest humanitarian crisis in the country’s history. This paper assesses the historical context through which the local councils came to prominence, their role in decentralization and governance, the challenges they have faced through the uprising and civil war, and their essential role in any negotiated cessation of hostilities and post-conflict reconciliation. -
Unification in Yemen
UNIFICATION IN YEMEN Dynamics of Political Integration, 1978-2000 Sharif Ismail Wadham College Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford 1 Contents Acknowledgements 3 List of Abbreviations 4 Maps 5 1. Introduction 10 2. Theories and Methods 12 Deutsch, Security Communities and the Pluralist Model 12 The Challenge from Functionalism and Neo-functionalism 14 Federalism and Lessons from Etzioni 14 Migdal and the Question of ‘Social Control’ 15 Towards a Synthesis 16 Methodology 17 3. Reviewing Elite-centred Histories of Unification 19 Constrained State-building, Accommodation and Co-option in the YAR 19 Weakening State Control in the PDRY 21 The Enduring Theme: discourses of a united Yemen 23 Explaining Unification 23 Elite-level Politics in the Transition Period 25 Elite-level Politics after 1994: S!lih and the GPC triumphant 28 4. Coercive Contest: the limits of the state’s attempts to enforce integration 30 Theoretical Considerations 30 The Situation in the North pre-1990 31 The Situation in the South pre-1990 34 The Transition Period 37 The Civil War 39 The Post-War Impasse: negotiating a limited ‘Security State’ 40 Conclusion 43 5. The Battle for Control of Yemen’s Water Resources 45 Theoretical Considerations 45 The Situation in the North pre-1990 46 The Situation in the South pre-1990 48 The Transition Period 51 Political Compromise, 1994-2000: the limits of state control 53 Conclusion 55 6. Defining a New National Discourse in the Education Sector 56 Theoretical Considerations 56 The Situation in the North pre-1990 56 The Situation in the South pre-1990 60 The Transition Period 63 Negotiating the Education Agenda, 1994-2000 67 Conclusion 69 7. -
Politics, Governance, and Reconstruction in Yemen January 2018 Contents
POMEPS STUDIES 29 Politics, Governance, and Reconstruction in Yemen January 2018 Contents Introduction . .. 3 Collapse of the Houthi-Saleh alliance and the future of Yemen’s war . 9 April Longley Alley, International Crisis Group In Yemen, 2018 looks like it will be another grim year . 15 Peter Salisbury, Chatham House Middle East and North Africa Programme Popular revolution advances towards state building in Southern Yemen . 17 Susanne Dahlgren, University of Tampere/National University of Singapore Sunni Islamist dynamics in context of war: What happened to al-Islah and the Salafis? . 23 Laurent Bonnefoy, Sciences Po/CERI Impact of the Yemen war on militant jihad . 27 Elisabeth Kendall, Pembroke College, University of Oxford Endgames for Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in Yemen . 31 Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy Yemen’s war as seen from the local level . 34 Marie-Christine Heinze, Center for Applied Research in Partnership with the Orient (CARPO) and Hafez Albukari, Yemen Polling Center (YPC) Yemen’s education system at a tipping point: Youth between their future and present survival . 39 Mareike Transfeld, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Graduate School of Muslim Cultures and Societies Gasping for hope: Yemeni youth struggle for their future . 43 Ala Qasem, Resonate! Yemen Supporting and failing Yemen’s transition: Critical perspectives on development agencies . 46 Ala’a Jarban, Concordia University The rise and fall and necessity of Yemen’s youth movements . 51 Silvana Toska, Davidson College A diaspora denied: Impediments to Yemeni mobilization for relief and reconstruction at home . 55 Dana M. Moss, University of Pittsburgh War and De-Development . -
Back-To-Back Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Arabian Sea During October- November 2015: Causes and Responses
Author Version of : Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.125(6); 2020; Article no: e2019JC015836 Back-to-back occurrence of tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea during October- November 2015: Causes and responses Riyanka Roy Chowdhury1, S. Prasanna Kumar2*, Jayu Narvekar2, Arun Chakraborty1 1 Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India 2CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India *Corresponding author: S. Prasanna Kumar ([email protected]) Abstract In the Arabian Sea, two extremely severe cyclonic storms occurred back-to-back during October- November 2015. Using a suite of ocean and atmospheric data we examined the upper ocean responses of tropical cyclones Chapala and Megh, the latter originated immediately after the dissipation of the former. Cyclones Chapala and Megh cooled the sea surface by 1.5oC and 1.0oC respectively, which was also captured by Bio-Argo float in the vicinity of their tracks. The cyclone- induced chlorophyll-a enhancement was 6 and 2 times respectively from their pre-cyclone value of 0.36 and 0.30 mg/m3, while the net primary productivity showed an increase of 5.8 and 1.7 times respectively from the pre-cyclone values of 496.26 and 518.63 mg C m-2 day-1 after the passage of Chapala and Megh. The CO2 flux showed a 6-fold and 2-fold increase respectively compared to the pre-cyclone value of 2.69-3.58 and 6.78 mmol m-2 day-1. We show that the anomalous co-occurrence of the positive phase of Indian Ocean dipole and the strong El Niño supported large-scale warming in the western Arabian Sea. -
Impact of GPS Radio Occultation Data Assimilation in the Prediction of Two Arabian Sea Tropical Cyclones
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Journal homepage: www.jakraya.com/journal/ ijeas ORIGINAL ARTICLE Impact of GPS Radio Occultation Data Assimilation in the Prediction of Two Arabian Sea Tropical Cyclones D. Srinivas 1, Venkata B. Dodla 1*, Hari Prasad Dasari 2 and G C Satyanarayana 1 1K L University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram-522 502, A.P., INDIA. 2Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia. Abstract Numerical prediction of the movement and intensification of tropical cyclone over North Indian Ocean (NIO) is very important for the *Corresponding Author: emergency management system in order to prevent the damage to properties and loss of lives. Numerical models are the tools to generate Prof. Venkata B. Dodla forecasts at near real time, which provide the guidance. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is the current state of art model used in the Email: [email protected] present study. GPS radio occultation (GPSRO) data are assimilated into the WRF model and data assimilation (WRFDA) system. The present study emphasizes the utilization of GPSRO observations in the prediction of Received: 30/04/2016 tropical cyclones over NIO. Numerical prediction of the movement and intensification of two extremely severe cyclonic storms ‘Chapala’ and Revised: 13/06/2016 ‘Megh’ had genesis in the Arabian Sea are taken up as case studies. The Accepted: 30/06/2016 results show that GPSRO observations have the positive impact in improving the initial conditions and so the forecast skill of tropical cyclones, in reducing the track errors and improving intensification . Keywords: Data Assimilation, 3DVAR, Tropical Cyclone, GPSRO, Prediction . -
1. Country Overview
Climate factClimate sheet | Yemen 1. Country overview Yemen is a country located in the Arabian Peninsula and occupies an Country-level area of 527,970 square kilometres (km2). The capital city is Sana’a. The population of Yemen – as of July 2020 – was 29.8 million (Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 2020). Nearly half of Yemen’s population is Figure 1: Map of Yemen. under 18 years of age and three-quarters of the population lives in Source: Encyclopædia rural areas (CIA 2020). Britannica “On-going conflict, a lack of adequate natural resources management, weak governance as well as other factors seriously hinder Yemen’s ability to address the current and future impact of climate change” (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) 2018). Yemen’s humanitarian conditions have continued to decline rapidly in the last decade, with a large portion of the population in need of aid. Figure 2: Yemen’s ND-GAIN Ranking (ND-GAIN 2021). Yemen has been facing food insecurity and water scarcity, gender inequality and slow economic growth. These challenges are intensified by climate change. Yemen ranks 168th out of 181 countries in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) index (ND-GAIN n.d.). The ND-GAIN index summarizes a country’s vulnerability to climate change and other global challenges in combination with its readiness to improve resilience. This ranking indicates that Yemen has high vulnerability levels, and low levels of readiness to adapt to climate change (ND-GAIN n.d.). 1.1 Climate Yemen has a semi-arid to arid-tropical climate with significant variability geographically.