Southwest Region Summary

2014 Congestion & Mobility Report

Chapter 6 SOUTHWEST REGION SUMMARY

Performance Measures Definitions...... 4 Regional User Delay Cost Per Mile...... 6 Regional Congestion Hours...... 7 Ranked UDC by Location...... 9 Mobility Measures: I-69 Corridor...... 10 Mobility Measures: I-94 Corridor...... 15 Mobility Measures: I-196 Corridor...... 27 Mobility Measures: US-31 Corridor...... 33 Mobility Measures: US-131 Corridor...... 37 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6 Performance Measures Definitions

Delay No Delay Delay POSTED SPEED

60 MPH*

ACTUAL SPEED

Total delay > Delay is calculated by taking the difference between actual speeds when they fall below 60 mph and the posted speed limit for freeways posted at 70 mph. ThisPOSTED is to SP takeEED out the delay caused Delay No Delay Delay by the lower average speeds from commercial vehicles.Recurring POSTED SPEED 60 MPH Recurring Total delay per mile > Delay per mile is calculated by taking the total60 delay MPH and dividing it by the length of the freeway. This was performed for each route in each county. AVERAGE SPEED Non-recurring Non-recurring/recurring delay > Non-recurring delay is calculated ACTUALby taking SPEED the difference between the actual speed (any time the speed falls below 60 mph) andACTUAL the average SPEED speed. Recurring is measured by taking the difference of the total delay and non-recurring delay.

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th %POSTED 95th SP %EED 16.0 Recurring 60 MPH* 14.0 Recurring AVERAGE SPEED 12.0 Small di erence Non-recurring Large di erence between average ACTUALbetween SPEEDaverage 10.0 and 95th percentile and 95th percentile travel times travel times 8.0 Minutes 6.0 User Delay Cost > User Delay Costs (UDC) is calculated by multiplying delay x hourly volume per 4.0 hourly user cost.Northbou Delay isnd calculated Travel Times by taking the differenceAvg between 75th % actual 95th speeds % when they fall below 16.0602.0 mph and the postedReliable speed limit. Hourly volumes Unreliableare derived from Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and Commercial Average Daily Traffic (CADT). Hourly user costs are based on Federal Highway 14.0 Administration0.0 (FHWA) publication number FHWA-SA-98-079, “Life-Cycle Cost Analysis in Pavement Design.”12.0 Small di erence Large di erence 1:00 PM PM 2:00 PM 3:00 4:00 PM 4:00 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM between AM 1:00 2:00 AM average3:00 AM 4:00 AM AM 5:00 6:00 AM AM 7:00 8:00 AM 9:00 AM between average 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 10.0 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM and > 95th Congestion percentile is calculated as the number of hours belowand 95th45 percentilemph per Traffic Message Congestiontravel times Time of Day travel times Channel8.0 (TMC). A TMC is a standard for delivering real-time traffic information. They vary from tenths Minutes of a mile6.0 long to several miles long.

Weighted4.0 Congestion > Number of congestion hours multiplied by the segment length. Congestion along longer segments will get more consideration than congestion along shorter segments. 2.0 Reliable Unreliable

0.0 * On segments with a speed limit of 55 mph, delay is calculated when speeds fall below 55 mph. 1:00 PM PM 2:00 PM 3:00 4:00 PM 4:00 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 1:00 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM AM 5:00 6:00 AM AM 7:00 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM

Time of Day 4 Delay No Delay Delay POSTED SPEED

60 MPH

ACTUAL SPEED > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

POSTED SPEED Recurring Chapter 6 60 MPH Recurring AVERAGE SPEED Non-recurring Performance MeasuresACTUAL Definitions SPEED

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 16.0

14.0

12.0 Small di erence Large di erence between average between average 10.0 and 95th percentile and 95th percentile travel times travel times 8.0 Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0 Reliable Unreliable

0.0 1:00 PM PM 2:00 PM 3:00 4:00 PM 4:00 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 1:00 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM AM 5:00 6:00 AM AM 7:00 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM

Time of Day

Travel Time Reliability > A measure of travel time consistency over a period of time. When travel times are unreliable, customers are more likely to experience unexpected delays. Travel times are shown to be reliable when the 95th percentile travel time remains close to the average travel time. 75th Percentile Travel Time > The amount of time a customer should budget to be on-time three out of four days (75% of the time). 95th Percentile Travel Time > The amount of time a customer should budget to be on-time nineteen out of twenty days (95% of the time). The 95th percentile travel time is also known as the planning time.

5 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 1. 2014 Southwest Region user delay cost per mile Chapter 6

2014 Southwest Region User Delay Cost per Mile 4

®2131 ¦¨§196

¦¨§94

®231 ¦¨§69

2014 UDC per Mile < $50,000 $50,000 - $100,000 > $100,000

6 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 2. 2014 Southwest Region congestion hours northbound/eastbound Chapter 6 2014 Southwest Region Congestion Hours Northbound/Eastbound 4

®2131 ¦¨§196

¦¨§94

®231 ¦¨§69

2014 Congestion Hours < 50 50 - 100 > 100

7 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 3. 2014 Southwest Region congestion hours southbound/westbound Chapter 6 2014 Southwest Region Congestion Hours Southbound/Westbound 4

®2131 ¦¨§196

¦¨§94

®231 ¦¨§69

2014 Congestion Hours < 50 50 - 100 > 100

8 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 4. Ranked UDC by location Southwest Region Chapter 6

2012-2013 Average 2014 Rank UDC Per Mile Location (Route, County) Rank UDC Per Mile Location (Route, County) 1 $100,008 US-131 Kalamazoo Co. 1 $122,398 US-131 Kalamazoo Co. 2 $97,506 I-94 Kalamazoo Co. 2 $120,722 I-94 Kalamazoo Co. 3 $95,126 I-94 Berrien Co. 3 $112,788 I-94 Berrien Co. 4 $70,470 I-94 Calhoun Co. 4 $80,901 I-94 Calhoun Co. 5 $59,397 I-196 Allegan Co. 5 $74,260 I-94 Van Buren Co. 6 $49,788 US-131 Allegan Co. 6 $49,499 US-131 Allegan Co. 7 $46,151 I-94 Van Buren Co. 7 $41,194 I-196 Allegan Co. 8 $37,510 I-196 Berrien Co. 8 $32,361 I-196 Van Buren Co. 9 $23,128 I-196 Van Buren Co. 9 $29,208 I-196 Berrien Co. 10 $22,063 I-69 Branch Co. 10 $20,825 I-69 Branch Co. 11 $20,930 I-69 Calhoun Co. 11 $20,351 I-69 Calhoun Co. 12 $20,257 US-31 Berrien Co. 12 $18,520 US-31 Berrien Co.

2012-2013 Average 2014 Rank Total UDC Location (Route, County) Rank Total UDC Location (Route, County) 1 $8,656,471 I-94 Berrien Co. 1 $10,263,717 I-94 Berrien Co. 2 $5,070,321 I-94 Kalamazoo Co. 2 $6,277,533 I-94 Kalamazoo Co. 3 $4,721,502 I-94 Calhoun Co. 3 $5,420,382 I-94 Calhoun Co. 4 $3,504,396 I-196 Allegan Co. 4 $4,455,578 I-94 Van Buren Co. 5 $2,800,228 US-131 Kalamazoo Co. 5 $3,427,144 US-131 Kalamazoo Co. 6 $2,769,048 I-94 Van Buren Co. 6 $2,672,938 US-131 Allegan Co. 7 $2,688,547 US-131 Allegan Co. 7 $2,430,469 I-196 Allegan Co. 8 $1,297,664 I-69 Calhoun Co. 8 $1,261,754 I-69 Calhoun Co. 9 $1,012,767 I-196 Berrien Co. 9 $970,834 I-196 Van Buren Co. 10 $972,340 US-31 Berrien Co. 10 $916,279 I-69 Branch Co. 11 $970,779 I-69 Branch Co. 11 $888,974 US-31 Berrien Co. 12 $693,838 I-196 Van Buren Co. 12 $788,613 I-196 Berrien Co. Total = $35,157,901 Total = $39,774,215

9 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Interstate 69: Branch and Calhoun

Interstate 94: Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun

Interstate 196: Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan

US-31: Berrien

US-131: Kalamazoo and Allegan

10 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 5. Branch County I-69 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Branch County I-69 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$400,000

$350,000

$300,000

$250,000

$200,000

$150,000

$100,000

$50,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

11 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 6. Calhoun County I-69 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Calhoun County I-69 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

12 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

F i g ur e 7. Southwest Region I-69 northbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I‐69 Northbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70

68 Interchange Interchange Interchange 94 ‐ I 12 60 ‐ ‐ M US

64 (mph)

Speed

62 Average

56 3

38 16 36 42 32 25 10 13 23

LINE LINE

RD/EXIT

BL/EXIT 94/EXIT 60/EXIT 12/EXIT DR/EXIT DR/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT STATE ‐

I AVE/EXIT F

N COUNTY M ‐ 69 ‐

‐ I BL/US ‐ 69 ‐ COPELAND ‐ I MARSHALL JONESVILLE BR/MICHIGAN 94 ‐ ‐ I CALHOUN/EATON MICHIGAN/INDIANA

13 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 8. Southwest Region I-69 southbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I-69 Southbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 han ge han ge han ge

68 I-94 Interc I-94 M-60 Interc M-60 US-12 Interc US-12

ph ) 64 d (mee d

ag e Sp 62 Av er

56 IN E IN E I-94/EXIT 38 F F DR/EXIT 32 N DR/EXIT 42 CO UNTYL M-60/EXIT 25 I-69-BL/EXIT10 ILL ERD/EXIT 16 EL ANDRD/EXIT 3 COP I-69-BL/US-12/EXIT13 MA RSHALL RD/EXIT 23 JONESV ANAAN/INDI STATE L BR /MICHIGAN AVE/EXIT 36 I-94- CALHOUN/EATON MI CHIG

14 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Interstate 69: Branch and Calhoun

Interstate 94: Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun

Interstate 196: Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan

US-31: Berrien

US-131: Kalamazoo and Allegan

15 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 9. Berrien County I-94 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Berrien County I-94 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$5,000,000

$4,500,000

$4,000,000

$3,500,000

$3,000,000

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

16 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 10. VanBuren County I-94 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

VanBuren County I-94 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

17 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 11. Kalamazoo County I-94 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Kalamazoo County I-94 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$3,000,000

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

18 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 12. Calhoun County I-94 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Calhoun County I-94 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$2,500,000

$2,000,000

$1,500,000

$1,000,000

$500,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

19 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 13. Southwest Region I-94 eastbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I‐94 Eastbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 Interchange Interchange 68 Interchange 69 ‐ 131 196 I ‐ ‐ I US

64 (mph)

Speed

62 Average

56 1 4 6

66 39 30 60 72 97 98 41 56 74 75 76 78 78 80 81 46 85 88 92 95 33 34 52 29 28 27 22 23 16 12

100 103 108 110 104 112 115 119 121

LINE

12/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT ‐

ST/EXIT ST/EXIT ST/EXIT ST/EXIT ST/EXIT ST/EXIT 40/EXIT 66/EXIT 51/EXIT 31/EXIT BR/EXIT BR/EXIT BR/EXIT BR/EXIT DR/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT

STATE ‐

652/EXIT 27/EXIT 140/EXIT 131/EXIT 139/EXIT 27/EXIT BR/EXIT BR/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT RD/EXIT ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

US HWY/EXIT M ‐ M ‐

94 ‐ 94 ‐ 94 ‐ 94 ‐ M ‐ PIER ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 9TH CR 94 ‐ 94 ‐

US I I I I

‐ ‐ 64TH 35TH 40TH 52ND I I PORTE MERE

LAKE MILE MILE MILE

194/M 31/M

FRIDAY 69/US ‐ 196/US ‐ ‐ ‐ BR/US ‐ I ‐ HELMER SAWYER OLD NAPIER I I KILGORE PORTAGE 11 26 SPRINKLE CAPITAL OAKLAND ARROW US 63/NILES 1/2

94 ‐

UNION PIPESTONE ‐ I M ‐ 239/LA 22 GRAND WESTNEDGE BEADLE RED BR/PARTELLO M ‐ 94 ‐ ‐ I MICHIGAN/INDIANA

20 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 14. Southwest Region I-94 westbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I-94 Westbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 han ge han ge han ge

68 1 Interc 13 1 6 Interc 19 6 I-69 Interc I-69 I- US-

ph ) 64 d (mee d

ag e Sp 62 Av er

56 IN E EXIT 33 /E XIT 72 31/EXIT 34 US-12/EXIT4 HW Y/EXIT 16 M-40/EXIT 60 M-51/EXIT 56 R PIE R RD/EXIT 6 M-140/EXIT 41 9TH ST CR-652/EXIT 66 I-94-BR/ I-94-BR/EXIT 92 I-94-BR/EXIT 23 I-94-BR/EXIT 81 ON E RD/EXIT 29 40TH ST/EXIT88 35TH ST/EXIT85 64TH ST/EXIT46 52NDST/EXIT 52 I-94-BR/EXIT 121 I-94-BR/EXIT 103 WY ER RD/EXIT 12 MI LE RD/EXIT 115 PIT ALAVE/EXIT 97 FRIDAYRD/EXIT 39 IO N I-194/M-66/EXIT 98 HELME R RD/EXIT 95 SA OLD US-27/EXIT 110 NA ER PI AVE/EXIT 30 I-69/US-27/EXIT 108 I-196/US- KILGORE RD/EXIT 78 PORTAGEST/EXIT 78 11MILE RD/EXIT 104 26MILE RD/EXIT 119 CA SPRINKLE RD/EXIT80 OA KL AN D DR/EXIT 75 US-31/M-139/EXIT 28 UN T PIPES EST NEDGE AVE/EXIT76 I-94-BR/US-131/EXIT 74 ANAAN/INDI STATE L M-63/NILES AVE/EXIT 27 221/2 GRAND MERE RD/EXIT 22 W BEADLE LAKE RD/EXIT 100 RED ARROW M-239/LA PORTERD/EXIT 1 I-94-BR/PARTELLO RD/EXIT 112 MI CHIG

21 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Figure 15. Travel time reliability 1-94

Fennville

Allegan Delton

South Haven Lake Michigan

Battle Creek Kalamazzo Marshall Paw Paw Segment 4 Coloma Segment 3 Segment 2 Vicksburg St Joseph Tekonsha Union City

Segment 1 Dowagiac Three Rivers Coldwater Cassopolis Sawyer Bronson Niles

Sturgis

22 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 16. Segment 1- I-94 between Michigan/Indiana State Line and I-196/US-31 Chapter 6 Segment 1 Travel time (minutes) for I-94 between Michigan/Indiana State Line and I-196/US-31/Exit 34

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 12:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 AM Time of Day

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 50.0

45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

Minutes 20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

23 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

F i g ur e 17. Segment 2- I-94 between I-94-BR/US-131 and I-196/US-31 Segment 2 Chapter 6 Travel time (minutes) for I-94 between I-94-BR/US-131/Exit 74 and I-196/US-31/Exit 34

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0 Minutes

20.0

10.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0 Minutes

20.0

10.0

24 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 18. Segment 3- I-94 between I-94-BR/US-131 and I-94-BR Chapter 6 Segment 3 Travel time (minutes) for I-94 between I-94-BR/US-131/Exit 74 and I-94-BR/Exit 81

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0 Minutes 6.0

4.0

2.0

25 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 19. Segment 4- I-94 between I-69/US-27 and I-94-BR Chapter 6 Segment 4 Travel time (minutes) for I-94 between I-69/US-27/Exit 108 and I-94-BR/Exit 81

Eastbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0 Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

Westbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

Minutes 15.0

10.0

5.0

26 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Interstate 69: Branch and Calhoun

Interstate 94: Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun

Interstate 196: Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan

US-31: Berrien

US-131: Kalamazoo and Allegan

27 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 20. Berrien County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Berrien County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$350,000

$300,000

$250,000

$200,000

$150,000

$100,000

$50,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

28 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 21. VanBuren County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

VanBuren County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$400,000

$350,000

$300,000

$250,000

$200,000

$150,000

$100,000

$50,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

29 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 22. Allegan County I-196 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Allegan County I-196 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$1,000,000

$900,000

$800,000

$700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

30 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 23. Southwest Region I-196 northbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I‐196 Northbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 Interchange 68 Interchange Interchange 89 31 ‐ 140 ‐ ‐ M M US

64 (mph)

Speed

62 Average

56 7 1 4

41 13 34 36 49 44 26 30 18 20 22 31

LINE

RD/EXIT RD/EXIT

196/US ‐ 89/EXIT 40/EXIT 31/EXIT A2/EXIT A2/EXIT RD/EXIT DR/EXIT ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

HWY/EXIT 140/EXIT 378/EXIT I AVE/EXIT

‐ ‐

HWY/EXIT COUNTY M ‐ M ‐

US CR CR CR SHORE

BL/M SHORE STAR 109TH

COLOMA ARROW

196 ‐ ‐ I BL/PHOENIX RED NORTH A2/BLUE 63/HAGAR 196 ‐ ‐ ‐ I M ‐ CR ALLEGAN/OTTAWA

31 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 24. Southwest Region I-196 southbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region I-196 Southbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 han ge han ge han ge

68 0 Interc 14 0 M-89 Interc M-89 US-31 Interc US-31 M-

ph ) 64 d (mee d

ag e Sp 62 Av er

56 /EXI T 41 HW Y/EXIT 1 I-196/US-31 HW Y CO UNTYLINE M-40/EXIT 49 M-89/EXIT 34 US-31/EXIT44 CR-A2/EXIT 36 CR-A2/EXIT 30 CR-378/EXIT 13 109TH AVE/EXIT 26 COLOMA RD/EXIT 4 /O TTAWA I-196-BL/M-140/EXIT18 RED ARROW NORTH SHORE DR/EXIT 22 I-196-BL/PHO EN IX RD/EXIT 20 M-63/HAGARSHORE RD/EXIT 7 CR-A2/BLUE STAR LLE GAN A

32 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Interstate 69: Branch and Calhoun

Interstate 94: Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun

Interstate 196: Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan

US-31: Berrien

US-131: Kalamazoo and Allegan

33 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 25. Berrien County US-31 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Berrien County US-31 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$400,000

$350,000

$300,000

$250,000

$200,000

$150,000

$100,000

$50,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

34 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 26. Southwest Region US-31 northbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region US‐31 Northbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 Interchange 68 Interchange 12 ‐ 139 ‐ US M

64 (mph)

Speed

62 Average

56 3 5

18 31 22 RD RD

‐

LINE

US 12/EXIT RD/EXIT SNOW ‐

RD/EXIT STATE

PKY/EXIT WALTON US 139/OLD M ‐ TABOR SODUS BUCHANAN ‐ NILES MICHIGAN/INDIANA

35 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

F i g ur e 27. Southwest Region US-31 southbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region US-31 Southbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 han ge han ge

68 9 Interc 13 9 US-12 Interc US-12 M-

ph ) 64 d (mee d

ag e Sp 62 Av er

56 IN E SNOW RD WA LTO N RD US-12/EXIT3 M-139/OLD US-31 TABORRD/EXIT 18 SODUS PKY/ EXI T 22 ANAAN/INDI STATE L LES-BUCHANANNI RD/EXIT5 MI CHIG

36 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Interstate 69: Branch and Calhoun

Interstate 94: Berrien, Van Buren, Kalamazoo, and Calhoun

Interstate 196: Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan

US-31: Berrien

US-131: Kalamazoo and Allegan

37 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 28. Kalamazoo County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Kalamazoo County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$1,600,000

$1,400,000

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

38 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 29. Allegan County US-131 Corridor total user delay cost Chapter 6

4 ALLEGAN BARRY

VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN

BERRIEN CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH

Allegan County US-131 Corridor User Delay Cost Total User Delay Cost 2012-13 Avg. Recurring 2012-13 Avg. Non-Recurring 2014 Recurring 2014 Non-Recurring

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

$600,000

$400,000

$200,000

$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

39 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 30. Southwest Region US-131 northbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region US‐131 Northbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 Interchange Interchange

68 Interchange 89 43 94 ‐ ‐ ‐ I M M

64 (mph)

Speed

62 Average

56 34 64 68 59 61 55 50 31 38 49 36 44 BR

LINE

AREA

131 ‐ ‐ US 94/EXIT 43/EXIT 89/EXIT REST BR/EXIT ‐ 222/EXIT I A42/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT AVE/EXIT

‐ COUNTY M ‐ M ‐

D M ‐ 131 ‐ CR ‐ ALAMO 135TH 124TH 106TH 142ND CENTRE BR/US 94 ‐ ‐ I ALLEGAN/KENT

40 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 31. Southwest Region US-131 southbound Chapter 6 Southwest Region US-131 Southbound

2 Yr Avg AM Peak 2014 AM Peak 2 Yr Avg PM Peak 2014 PM Peak 70 han ge han ge han ge

68 I-94 Interc I-94 M-43 Interc M-43 M-89 Interc M-89

ph ) 64 d (mee d

ag e Sp 62 Av er

56 IN E US-131-BR I-94/EXIT 34 M-89/EXIT 49 M-43/EXIT 38 D AVE/EXIT 44 M-222/EXIT 55 CR-A42/EXIT61 T COUNTYEN T L ALAMO RESTAREA 135TH AVE/EXIT 64 124TH AVE/EXIT 59 106TH AVE/EXIT 50 EN TREAVE/EXIT 31 142ND AVE/EXIT68 C I-94-BR/US-131-BR/EXIT 36 A LLE GAN/K

41 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Chapter 6

Figure 31. Southwest Region US-131 southbound

Fennville

Allegan Delton

South Haven Lake Michigan

Battle Creek Kalamazzo Segment 1 Marshall Paw Paw Coloma

Vicksburg St Joseph Tekonsha Union City

Dowagiac

Three Rivers Coldwater Cassopolis Sawyer Bronson Niles

Sturgis

42 > CONGESTION & MOBILITY REPORT > Freeway Performance Measures

Figure 33. Segment 1- US-131 between I-94 and US-131-BR

Segment 1 Chapter 6 Travel time (minutes) for US-131 between I-94/Exit 34 and US-131-BR

Northbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0 nu tes

Mi 6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM 7:00 PM 8:00 PM 9:00 PM 1:00 AM 1:00 AM 2:00 AM 3:00 AM 4:00 AM 5:00 AM 6:00 AM 7:00 AM 8:00 AM 9:00 12:00 PM 10:00 PM 11:00 PM 10:00 AM 10:00 AM 11:00 12:00 AM 12:00 Time of Day

Southbound Travel Times Avg 75th % 95th % 14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0 nu tes

Mi 6.0

4.0

2.0

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