Dictionnaire De La Franc-Maçonnerie Et Des Francs-Maçons Du Même Auteur

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Dictionnaire De La Franc-Maçonnerie Et Des Francs-Maçons Du Même Auteur DICTIONNAIRE DE LA FRANC-MAÇONNERIE ET DES FRANCS-MAÇONS DU MÊME AUTEUR Les conceptions du crime politique sous la République romaine, Sirey, 1934. Le chantage dans les mœurs modernes et devant la loi. Préface de Maurice Garçon, de l'Académie française, Sirey, 1937. La torture. Son histoire. Son abolition. Sa réapparition au XX siècle, Marne, 1949, 2 éd. Ouvrage couronné par l'Académie française. (Traduit en espagnol et en catalan.) Les grands problèmes contemporains de l'instruction criminelle, éd. Monchrestien, 1952. (Suite de l'ouvrage précédent.) « L'astronautique et le droit », étude parue dans la Revue générale de l'Air, 1955, n° 4. Trois affaires de chantage, Del Duca, 1957. Prix du Palais littéraire, 1958. La pratique du procès pénal, Delmas, 1958. Le problème des guérisseurs, étude historique et critique, 1958, chez l'auteur. Ouvrage couronné par l'Académie française. Les contraventions et le tribunal de police après la réforme judiciaire, Librairie du Journal des Notaires et des Avocats, 1959. Nos frères séparés, les francs-maçons, Marne, 1961. Ouvrage couronné par l'Académie française. (Traduit en italien, en allemand, en espagnol et en anglais.) La franc-maçonnerie à l'heure du choix, Marne, 1963. (Traduit en allemand.) La charte inconnue de la franc-maçonnerie chrétienne, Marne, 1965. (Traduit en alle- mand.) Histoire de l'anticléricalisme français, Marne, 1966. Veyrier, 1978. Ouvrage couronné par l'Académie française. (Traduit en espagnol.) Catholiques d'aujourd'hui et sciences occultes, Marne, 1968, éd. « S.O.S. », 1979. (Traduit en espagnol.) Lord Chesterfield et son temps, Marne, 1970. Je dénonce la torture !, Marne, 1972. La vie quotidienne de la franc-maçonnerie française du XVIII siècle à nos jours, Hachette- Littérature, 1973. Les mythes maçonniques, essai maçonnologique, Payot, 1974. La fabuleuse aventure du téléphone, Montparnasse Éditions, 1975. Les grands problèmes de la franc-maçonnerie aujourd'hui, Belfond, 1976. Hypnose ou le double voyage, Lauzeray International, 1977. La grande loge nationale française, histoire de la franc-maçonnerie régulière, Belfond, 1980. Histoire des scandales maçonniques, Belfond, 1982. ALEC MELLOR DICTIONNAIRE DE LA FRANC-MAÇONNERIE ET DES FRANCS-MAÇONS belfond 12, avenue d'Italie 75013 Paris Si vous souhaitez recevoir notre catalogue et être tenu au courant de nos publications, vous pouvez consulter notre site Internet : www.belfond.fr ou envoyer vos nom et adresse aux Editions Belfond, 12, avenue d'Italie, 75013 Paris. Et, pour le Canada, à Interforum Canada Inc., 1050, bd René-Lévesque-Est, Bureau 100, Montréal, Québec, H2L 2L6. ISBN : 2-7144-4158-0 © Belfond 1971-1979 ; 2005 pour la présente édition. PRÉFACE À LA NOUVELLE ÉDITION Depuis la parution du Dictionnaire de la Franc-Maçonnerie et des francs-maçons d'Alec Mellor, rédigé entre 1971 et 1979, de nombreux ouvrages sur la Franc-Maçonne- rie ont vu le jour, et les grands hebdomadaires, exploitant la fascination qu'elle suscite - y compris chez ses détracteurs -, consacrent à peu près une fois par an un numéro à la Franc-Maçonnerie en général, ou à une obédience en particulier. L'accent y est mis sur ce qui peut intriguer et attirer le lecteur : le mystère, les affaires, le rôle politique - la réalité de la Franc-Maçonnerie et de l'initiation maçonnique passant souvent au second plan. C'est cette réalité qu'explore Alec Mellor : avec la rigueur intellectuelle qui fut la sienne, il présente, faisant œuvre d'historien, une vue d'ensemble de la Franc-Maçon- nerie, qu'il situe dans son contexte historique et social. Il s'attache également à élucider les mystères du symbolisme maçonnique, dont il retrace les origines et étudie la signifi- cation philosophique, ce qui le conduit à présenter les personnages célèbres qui se sont inspirés des enseignements maçonniques dans leur action politique, comme Cambacé- rès et Gambetta, leur activité scientifique comme Montgolfier, leur création artistique comme Mozart ou Hugo Pratt. Publié voici trente-cinq ans, le dictionnaire d'Alec Mellor présentait nécessairement une approche datée quant au nombre et à l' importance des obédiences françaises, et son optique était tributaire du paysage maçonnique de l 'époque, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les rapports entre la Franc-Maçonnerie dite régulière de la Grande Loge Nationale Française, dont il était membre, et les autres obédiences qu 'elle ne reconnais- sait pas, condition nécessaire pour maintenir ses liens avec la Grande Loge Unie d 'Angle- terre. Depuis 1971, ces relations, qui ont connu des moments de grande tension, ont évolué, même si officiellement la Grande Loge Nationale Française ne reconnaît toujours pas en France les autres obédiences, les considérant toutes comme irrégulières. Par exemple, dans le souci commun à toutes les obédiences d'éviter l'entrée de brebis galeuses en leur sein, se sont instaurés des échanges de fichiers. Les relations avec le Grand Orient de France, les plus problématiques, se sont apaisées après une succession de remous qui remontent à la date de création de la Grande Loge Nationale Française en 1913. À l'époque, dans un contexte passionnel dû au fossé grandissant entre d une part les artisans de l'application de la loi de séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat, et d'autre part les catholiques que Pie X incitait à la résistance, un certain nombre de Frères du Grand Orient n'acceptaient pas l'engagement laïque et anticlérical du Grand Orient. La Grande Loge Nationale Française adopta l'attitude inverse de celle du Grand Orient de France, qui lors de son convent de 1877 rendit facultative l'invocation au Grand Archi- tecte de l'Univers et abolit l'obligation de croire en Dieu : elle rétablit l'obligation de la croyance en Dieu et en l'immortalité de l'âme. Aujourd'hui, la tension entre les deux obédiences, due au conflit religieux du début du siècle, est retombée, même si chacune reste sur ses positions de principe. Car les rapports entre les obédiences sont également tributaires à la fois du contexte politique et de la qualité de la relation personnelle entre les Grands Maîtres, les deux étant sou- vent liés. Aussi longtemps que le Parti socialiste était porteur d'une idéologie de rupture avec le capitalisme, le G.O.D.F., fortement influencé par celui-ci et porteur de valeurs laïques et républicaines, et la G.L.N.F., d'inspiration religieuse et libérale, ne pouvaient guère nouer de relations de facto – la relation de jure étant impossible du fait de l'exclu- sivité de la Grande Loge Unie d'Angleterre. Le fossé, aujourd'hui, est largement comblé puisqu'un relatif consensus s'est réalisé autour des principes économiques libéraux. En outre, la Grande Loge Nationale Française, contrairement à ce qu'espéraient certains de ses responsables, n'a pas obtenu pour elle-même la levée de l'excommunication dans laquelle l'Église catholique englobe tous les francs-maçons, comme le rappelle un décret de la Congrégation pour la Doctrine de la Foi de 1983, contresigné par le pape Jean-Paul II. Le dialogue se renoue donc officieusement et les frontières sont moins imperméables : le G.O.D.F. a même admis en son sein le Rite d'York, typiquement anglo-saxon, dans sa variante Émulation. Le paysage de la Franc-Maçonnerie française, reconstituée non sans difficultés après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, s'est également modifié depuis la parution de l'ouvrage d'Alec Mellor. Des obédiences sont montées en puissance, comme le Droit Humain qui, en 1970, comptait quatre mille membres et est aujourd'hui constitué de quatre cent cin- quante loges et de treize mille cinq cents membres, dont les deux tiers sont des femmes. D'une scission avec le Droit Humain est née la Grande Loge Mixte Universelle en 1973, qui compte quelque mille membres et se pose, comme le Grand Orient de France, en défenseur de la laïcité et de la liberté absolue de conscience, travaillant au Rite Français dit Groussier. De la Grande Loge Mixte Universelle est issue, en 1982, la Grande Loge Mixte de France, qui se situe dans la continuité de celle, éponyme, créée en 1913 et qui ne survécut pas à la Grande Guerre ; forte de plus de mille trois cents membres, elle admet différents rites, tout en conservant le positionnement idéologique de la Grande Loge Mixte Universelle. À côté des obédiences qui se sont créées, d'autres se sont affirmées, comme la Grande Loge Traditionnelle et Symbolique Opéra, anciennement Grande Loge Natio- nale Française Opéra, issue d'une scission en 1958 avec la Grande Loge Nationale Fran- çaise et constituée de Frères qui n'acceptaient pas le refus de cette dernière de reconnaître les autres obédiences. La Grande Loge Féminine continue, elle, sa progres- sion, ainsi que la Grande Loge de France. Les différentes obédiences ont aujourd'hui renoncé au secret, le traumatisme de Vichy appartenant au passé. Elles se présentent désormais comme des sociétés non pas secrètes, mais discrètes. Elles s'expriment publiquement par la voix de leurs représen- tants; de nombreuses loges organisent des tenues blanches, où sont invités des non- maçons. Le moment est donc venu de mettre à la disposition de tous le monument d'huma- nisme maçonnique que constitue ce dictionnaire, et de permettre tant aux initiés qu 'aux non-initiés de lire un excellent ouvrage que nous nous sommes contentés de réactualiser sur certains points d'histoire, tout en préservant l'esprit de l'œuvre initiale. Car par-delà les évolutions, les principes sur lesquels les membres des diverses obédien- ces se fondent, les symboles qui sont le socle de leur travail de réflexion, leur façon de concilier rites initiatiques et esprit républicain, rationalisme et ésotérisme relèvent d 'une démarche philosophique permanente dont Alec Mellor reste un indispensable représentant. Et je remercie ici la fille de l'auteur, le Pr.
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