Marketing Japonské Fotbalové Ligy Bakalářská Práce

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Marketing Japonské Fotbalové Ligy Bakalářská Práce MASRYKOVA UNIVERZITA Fakulta sportovních studií Katedra společenských věd ve sportu Marketing japonské fotbalové ligy Bakalářská práce Vedoucí bakalářské práce: Vypracoval: Mgr. Oldřich Racek Miroslav Rezner MCR Brno, 2011 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně a na základě literatury a pramenů uvedených v seznamu použité literatury. V Brně dne 1. 5. 2011 ………………….. podpis Poděkování Děkuji vedoucímu mé bakalářské práce Mgr. Oldřichu Rackovi za odborné vedení, konzultace i kritiku při jejím vytváření. ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1. LITERÁRNÍ PŘEHLED .................................................................................................. 7 1.1. Management .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1. Sportovní management ............................................................................................ 8 1.2. Marketing ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.1. Marketing ve sportu ............................................................................................... 10 1.2.2. Marketing ve sportu z pohledu ekonomie .............................................................. 11 1.2.3. Formy marketingu ve sportu .................................................................................. 12 1.2.4. Marketingový mix .................................................................................................. 13 1.2.5. Marketingová komunikace ..................................................................................... 13 1.3. Reklama ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.1. Sportovní reklama .................................................................................................. 16 1.3.2. Druhy sportovní reklamy ....................................................................................... 17 1.4. Sponzoring .................................................................................................................... 19 1.4.1. Sportovní sponzoring ............................................................................................. 20 1.4.2. Druhy sponzoringu ................................................................................................. 21 1.5. Merchandising ............................................................................................................... 22 2. CÍL PRÁCE A ÚKOLY ................................................................................................. 23 3. METODIKA PRÁCE ..................................................................................................... 23 4. VÝSLEDKY .................................................................................................................... 24 4.1. Historie a vývoj ............................................................................................................. 24 4.2. Kluby ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.2.1. Regionální rozložení .............................................................................................. 27 4.2.2. Nejúspěšnější kluby ............................................................................................... 28 4.2.3. Stadiony ................................................................................................................. 29 4.3. Organizace ..................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.1. J. League a společnost ............................................................................................. 31 4.3.1.1. Akademie J. League ............................................................................................... 31 4.3.1.2. Sportovní komplex J. Village ................................................................................ 32 4.3.1.3. Program pro zdravotně postižené .......................................................................... 33 4.3.1.4. Program stoletá vize J. League .............................................................................. 34 4.3.1.5. Program jedenáct miliónů ...................................................................................... 35 4.3.1.6. Centrum kariérní podpory ...................................................................................... 35 4.3.1.7. Semináře ................................................................................................................. 36 4.3.2. Obchodní aktivity ...................................................................................................... 37 4.3.2.1. J. League Media Promotion ................................................................................... 40 4.3.2.2. J. League Foto ........................................................................................................ 40 4.3.2.3. J. League Enterprice ............................................................................................... 40 4.3.2.4. Televizní práva ....................................................................................................... 42 4.3.2.5. Reklama a sponzoring ............................................................................................ 42 5. DISKUZE ......................................................................................................................... 45 6. ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................................. 46 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY .................................................................................. 47 SEZNAM ZKRATEK RESUMÉ ÚVOD V posledních letech je fotbal nejoblíbenějším a nejsledovanějším kolektivním sportem na celém světě. V mnoha státech na všech kontinentech se tento sport stal národní záležitostí. Podle odhadů fotbal sleduje nebo hraje přes tři miliardy lidí po celé planetě a je tak právoplatně na prvním místě. První zmínky o podobě tohoto sportu jsou právě na Asijském kontinentu v Číně datované již tři tisíce let před naším letopočtem. Vyhledat však typického předchůdce je velmi těžké vzhledem k množství identických sportů na celém světě. Za nynější podobu se však zasloužila velkou měrou Anglie v devatenáctém století, která tomuto sportu dala podobu, jakou známe i dnes. Z této země se velmi rychle rozšířil po Evropě i do celého světa. V této bakalářské práci se budeme věnovat Japonské profesionální fotbalové soutěži J. League, která je jedna z největších v Asii. Fotbalové soutěže lze porovnávat mnoha aspekty a z různých hledisek. Jedním z nejčastějších hodnocení je úspěšnost na mezinárodních soutěžích a utkáních. V této práci se ale budeme snažit ji představit z hlediska marketingu a managementu. Představíme si, jaké projekty tato organizace pořádá na podporu zvýšení povědomí ohledně fotbalu, pro své zviditelnění a čím přispívá například společnosti. Nahlédneme do programů pro mládež, hráče a uvedeme, jakým způsobem zlepšila J. League tělesnou výchovu ve školství. Nahlédneme i do obchodních aktivit, protože peníze jsou v dnešním sportu velmi důležité. Zaměříme se především na obstarávání finančních prostředků pro správný chod J. League. Budeme se věnovat i vývoji a historii, představíme si také kluby, které tuto soutěž hrají a ukážeme si jejich regionální rozložení. 6 1. LITERÁRNÍ PŘEHLED V této části se budu věnovat obeznámení se základními pojmy, které podrobně rozeberu v následujících podkapitolách. 1.1. Management Anglickému pojmu „management“ odpovídá v češtině pojem „řízení“ a to zejména řízení podnikové ve smyslu uceleného řízení všech podnikových činností (např. prodej, vědeckovýzkumná, výrobní, vývojová, finanční a další činnost). Tím se tento pojem výrazně odlišuje od užšího pojmu „řízení dílčích procesů“, zejména výrobních, technologických aj. Anglická literatura používá v tomto smyslu termín „control“ [6]. Ve světové literatuře najdeme mnoho slovních vysvětlení a definic pojmu „management“, které se snaží co nejpřesněji a nejvýstižněji vymezit obsahovou náplň. V USA použití slova „management“ se nehodí pro instituce, které nespadají do sféry podnikání. V nich se nehovoří o managementu nebo manažerech, ale univerzity nebo vládní instituce či nemocnice mají obvykle své správce [4]. Pro přiblížení názorové pestrosti pojmu „management“, uvádíme možné rozdělení do skupin a to na definice zdůrazňující: vedení lidí, specifické funkce vykonávané vedoucími pracovníky, předmět studia a jeho účel [2]. Cíle a úkoly management mají na starosti manažeři. Na nich závisí především prosperita a efektivní fungování celé organizace, kvalita produkce a schopnost dosahovat stanovené cíle. Aby tyto funkce mohl manažer plnit, musí ovládat komplex důležitých rolí či úkolů [6]. 7 1.1.1. Sportovní management Pojem sportovní management nebo management sportu si můžeme vysvětlit jako způsob uceleného řízení tělovýchovných a sportovních svazů, spolků, klubů, tělovýchovných jednot, družstev, které upřednostňují podnikatelsky orientované chování. Dále jde zcela bezvýhradně přímo o způsob řízení v podnikatelském sektoru výroby sportovního zboží či provozování placených tělovýchovných a sportovních služeb
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