O Nuallain Ruairi Review5 Thesis Book.Pdf

Improving Green Infrastructure throughout Ireland through the Lens of Historic Railways

Ruairi O Nuallain

University College Dublin School of Architecture, Planning & Environmental Policy

May 2020

Fig. 1 Craigmore Viaduct, (O’Riordain, 2016) Fig. 2 Kells Viaduct, Co. Kerry, (Independent.ie, 2019)

The Kells Viaduct on the Ring of Kerry where the Dublin to Cahersiveen train passed by Dingle Bay. The last train to cross the bridge was in 1960. The route is one of the proposed ‘greenway routes’ for walkers and cyclists ii Abstract

Throughout my childhood I used to walk along part of the old Sallins to Tullow Railway line with my family as the trains once passed only a few kilometers from my house.

Many years later, when I was chatting to a Rathcoole local, he told me he was appalled that the stretch of land where the Sallins to Tullow line once ran, and where we had both walked many times, had fallen victim to urban sprawl. This paper is split into two sections. The first stage researches historic railway lines in Ireland and focuses on the issues of biodiversity in Dublin. The last faint impressions in the landscape were wiped away and although there was little evidence The second stage is a design based project which looks at a specific site where of the line, the pleasant walk was a design proposal is put forward for a green way incorporating a derelict railway gone. Interrupted by the walls of a line. new housing estate.

The realization that memory and history can be wiped away so easily sparked a new interest in this old train line.

iii Fig. 3 Dublin to Tullow Railway - (tullowmuseum.com, n.d.) iv Table of Contents List of Figures

Stage 1 iii

Abstract iv Fig 1 - The Craigmore Viaduct Cover Introduction Fig 2 - Kells Viaduct ii Thesis Statement 1 Fig 3 - Dublin to Tullow Railway iii

Irelands Railway History 2 Fig 4 - The High Line, New York 1 Irelands Current Railways 3 Fig 5 - 1906 Viceregal Commission rail map of Ireland 2 Irelands Current Road Network 4 Fig 5.1 - Ireland’s current railway lines 3 Approach Fig 5.2 - Ireland’s National Road Network 4 Dublin’s Historical Railways 5 Fig 6 - Dublin Railway Lines 1920 5 Dublin’s Current Railways 6 Railway as a sustainable mode of transport 7 Fig 6.1 - Dublin’s current railway lines 6 Development plan 2040 7 Fig 7 - Dublin Transport Projects 7 Precedent Studies Fig 8 - The Royal Canal Greenway 8 The Royal Canal & River Dodder Greenway 8 Fig 8.1 - The River Dodder Proposed Greenway 8 The High Line, New York City 9 The Great Western Greenway 10 Fig 8.2 - The Castleknock Greenway 8 Schöneberger Südgelände Nature Park 11 Fig 9 - New York Context Map 9 Site Location 12 Fig 9.1 - The High Line, New York Map 9 Conclusion 14 Fig 9.2 - Image - The High Line, New York 9

Fig 9.3 - Image - The High Line, New York 9 Stage 2 16 Fig 10 - Context Map - Mayo, Ireland 10 Introduction 18 Fig 10.1 - Map - The Great Western Greenway, Mayo, Ireland 10 Sallins - Tullow Analysis 20-23 Fig 10.2 - Ballycroy National Park, The Great Western Greenway Topography, Land Use & Chosen Sites 24-28 10 Derelict Railway Infrastructure 29 Fig 10.3 - The Great Western Greenway 10 Mullaghboy Analysis 30 Fig 11 - Context Map - Berlin, Germany 11 Photo Gallery 32-55 Fig 11.1 - Map - Schöneberger Südgelände Nature Park, Berlin 11 Transition through Time 56-57 Fig 11.2 - Image - Former Railway Line 11 Drawings Fig 11.3 - Landscape Masterplan 58 Image - Schöneberger Südgelände Nature Park 11 Landscape Details 59-61 Fig 12 - Context Map - Heuston Station, Dublin, Ireland 12 Sectional Elevations 62-67 Perspective Drawings 68-71 Fig 12.1 - Map - Heuston Station, Old Kilmainham Hospital grounds, Material Details 72 Irish National War Memorial Gardens, The Phoenix Park 12 Main Gate Entrance, Rathvilly Analysis 73 Fig 12.2 - Image - The Royal Hospital Kilmainham. 12 Bibliography/Referencing 74-78 iii iv List of Figures Introduction

Fig 12.3 - Image - Phoenix Park in Dublin 12

Fig 12.4 - Image - Irish National War Memorial Gardens, Dublin City 12 Thesis Statement

Fig 13 - Map - Historic Dublin to Tullow Railway Line 13 As the Capital of Ireland, and the main urban area of the Fig 13.2 - Map - Current Dublin to Sallins Railway Line 13 country, Dublin should lead by example when it comes to good green infrastructure design, incorporating both new and existing green infrastructure and biodiversity into developments. Instead we find ourselves trying to repair the results of bad planning and greed. Careful Victorian planning lead to Ireland’s extensive train network of the 19th and 20th century and traces of the rail lines remain throughout the country. By recognizing them as rich green infrastructure and reincorporating them back into the urban landscape, biodiversity in our urban areas could be tackled, at the same time providing semi-natural linear parks that allow people to exercise, socialize and enjoy contact with nature in new and different ways.

v Fig. 4 High Line, New York - (designyoutrust.com, n.d.) 1 1906 Viceregal Commission Rail Map of Ireland Ireland’s Current Train Lines

Fig. 5 Map Rail Ireland Viceregal Commission 1906 (.wikimedia.org, n.d.) Fig. 5.1 Ireland’s Current Railway map - (Railmaponline.com, 2019) 2 3 Ireland’s Current Road Network Approach

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When comparing both railway Great Southern & Luas Green maps below of Dublin city in 1920 Western Railway Line and 2019, the biggest differences PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION visible are those of the decommissioning of the tram ways through- Midlands & Dublin Tramways Western Railway out the city. The Luas red line is a brand-new introduction and the green line covers some of the old Dublin & Lucan Great Northern Electric Tramway Harcourt line. Heuston station Railway still stands as the main focal point

of the train lines with the south- Guinness Brewery ern, northern and western lines Luas Red Tram Line still operating today. Line PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Dublin &

Southern Railway PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

Fig. 5.2 Ireland’s Current Road Network, (National Road Network, 2019) When comparing the 1906 viceregal commission rail map of Ireland to the current 2019 railway map of Ireland, it is clear to see that the popularity of the motor vehicle had a huge impact on the railway system. Only the Min railway lines still exist today linking the four provinces with Heuston station in the Capital. However, if you compare the map from 1906 with Irelands road system of today, there are very little differences between both maps. It confirms the decommissioning of railways due to the demand of the car and the railways replacement of roads. One must question this change over the last century as we are faced with constant traffic congestion. Could we possibly reintroduce Irelands old railway system in the future? Fig. 6 Dublin’s Historic Railways, (Railmaponline.com, 2019) 4 5 Approach Approach

Railways as a sustainable mode of transport? Project Ireland 2040 Iarnród Eireann issued a report called ‘Going An environmentally sustainable public greener- rail transport delivers sustainability’. transport system will enable economic (Eolas Magazine,2019). Railways have always growth and meet significant increases in been an environmentally sustainable mode of travel demand while contributing to our transport. Ireland has large number of single national policy of a low-carbon economy. We occupancy cars in use, particularly travelling will see a decisive shift away from polluting to Dublin. As a result, congestion, pollution and carbon-intensive propulsion systems and and accidents will continue to cause issues investment in public transport will include for commuters and the resources consumed the Metro Link in Dublin, priority elements will continue to cause issues for the planet. of DART expansion, and BusConnects Electric railways such as the DART represent programme to overhaul the current bus the cleanest form of powered transport. The system in Ireland’s cities (Tii.ie, 2018). The emissions produced relate only to the energy expansion of attractive and sustainable source used for generating power. Trains can public transport alternatives to private move large numbers of people in comfort based car transport will reduce congestion into and out of cities, and between cities. and emissions. There will be a special focus The land footprint per passenger is very low, on the provision of safe alternative active compared to car transport. These are just travel options increasingly being chosen some of the many advantage’s railway travel by people such as segregated cycling and has to offer. The government’s target of a walking facilities and networks, especially in 30% energy saving by 2020 has already been our cities and towns, which will also alleviate achieved Iarnród Eireann. (Eolas Magazine, congestion and help to meet climate action 2019) objectives. (Tii.ie, 2018)

Fig. 6.1 Dublin’s Current Railways, (Railmaponline.com, 2019) What other abandoned train lines are there in Dublin? The first public railway in Ireland was the Dublin & Kingstown Railway, which opened in December 1834 with a line between Westland Row, Dublin and Dun Laoghaire. The train line was promoted as an alternative of the canal between Kingstown and Dublin. However, the primary traffic on the line became passengers and not freight. The popularity of the of transport grew and the Dublin and Kingstown Railway operated trains every day from then. In 1837, the line was extended at Dun Laoghaire from the West Pier to the site of the modern-day DART Station. It was the first suburban railway in the world and remains in use today as part of the DART line. (Industrialheritageireland.info, 2019)

In 1888, a railway between Dublin and Blessington, with a terminus close to St. Patrick’s Cathedral was built. It was to be laid on the level of the road with steel rails and iron sleepers. The Tramway was designed to carry passengers, freight and livestock. Similar to the Sallins to Tullow line, the decline in use and subsequent loss in revenue was due to the introduction of the car. By 1931 it was obvious that the line would only lead to further financial loss and it was announced that the line would close at the end of 1932. In early December the track and carriages were sold. Work on dismantling the line began in 1933 by Hammond Lane Metal Co. who had purchased the track and most of the rolling stock. As a result of the tracks being sold, there is no evidence of this train line visible today. (Askaboutireland.ie, 2019) (Mikes. Fig. 7 Dublin Transport Projects, 2040 Development Plan - (McGreevy, 2018 railhistory.railfan.net, 2019) 6 7 Precedents Precedents

The Royal Canal Greenway & The High Line, New York The Dodder Greenway During my time in New York I walked the High Line on several occasions. The High Line is an installation on a piece of derelict infrastructure, The Royal Canal Greenway is a further addition 2.3 km in distance that is raised. This was once to Irelands greenways. Work on the Greenway also an urban train line. It is now a greenway, is fully completed from Maynooth to Longford, habitat and public open space which attracts

Proposed with construction between Dublin and Completed more than 10 million tourist a year. (The High Current Development Maynooth still ongoing (Royal Canal Amenity Line, 2019). Previously, the High Line was a New York Group (RCAG), 2019). The current distance of freight rail line, in operation from 1934 to the Greenway off road cycle and walking trail 1980. It carried meat to the meatpacking is 146km. (Royal Canal Greenway, 2019). The district, agricultural goods to the factories history of the canal is richly infused along the and warehouses of the industrial West Side. route. The Midland Great Western Railway In 1999, Friends of the High Line was founded purchased the canal in 1845, to build the Fig. 8 The Royal Canal Greenway, (Royal Canal Amenity Group, n.d.) 2018 by residents of the High Line neighbourhood, railway alongside it which subsequently was to advocate for the High Line’s preservation Fig. 9 New York City, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.) decommissioned in 1947. Even by then, less and reuse as public open space. The greenway than 30 years after it was completed, the canal’s acts as shortcut though the city. It has proved days as a means of transport were numbered, a success in retaining elements as a reminder Lincoln Tunnel as the railways started to take over (The Irish of its industrial past. It also allows people to

Times, 2019). reach their destination quicker but also in The High Line a more aesthetically pleasing environment. 34th It provides many different aspects such as The proposed River Dodder Greenway was cultural, historical, educational and recreational first displayed to the public in 2018 that would purposes. (The High Line, 2019). provide a 24km high-quality walking and cycling How is the High Line sustainable? Hudson River 11th route along the Dodder stretching from Sir John The High Line is inherently a green structure. Rogerson’s Quay to Orwell Park (Consultation. Its re-purposes of a piece of industrial dublincity.ie, 2019). The city council will infrastructure as public green space. The High develop the route from the docks to Orwell Line landscape functions essentially like a green park in Dartry, while South Dublin County roof for the streets below. Permeable pathways Council will pursue the remaining 14km to the allow water to drain to the adjacent planting Bohernabreena reservoirs at Glenasmole in beds, cutting down on the amount of rainwater Fig. 9.1 The High Line, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.) the Dublin mountains. Although the proposed that runs off the site into the sewer system. greenway is not linked with a historical railway line, it reflects the potential benefits it will bring Fig. 8.1 River Dodder Greenway - (maps4news.com, 2019) to the community and the enhancement to the ecosystem. The River Dodder provides an important ecological corridor through the length of the scheme from the Dublin Mountains to the River Liffey. The site links a number of parks from Glenasmole, Kiltipper Park, the Dodder Valley Park, Bushy Park, Orwell Park, Dartry Park and Herbert Park, allowing for the connection of existing nature areas and maintains a healthy ecosystem. (Ginty and Ginty, 2019)

Fig. 8.2 Castleknock Greenway - (Royal Canal Amenity Group, 2015) Fig. 9.3 The Highline, (O Nuallain, 2019.) Fig. 9.2 The Highline, (Frearson, 2012) 8 9 Precedents Precedents

The Great Western Greenway Schöneberger Südgelände The Great Western Greenway is a greenway rail Nature Park trail in County Mayo, Ireland. It follows the old Schöneberger Südgelände nature park is one Westport railway line, which was constructed in of Berlin‘s most valuable natural landscapes. the 1890s and due to the development of roads Mayo The Tempelhof railway was built in 1889 but in the 1930’s, it was closed in 1937. Similar was decommissioned in 1952, for the same to other decommissioned lines, the tracks Ireland reason as all closures of railways around were removed however, the route remained this time (Gruen-berlin.de, 2019). After its untouched which gave way to the greenway. closure, biodiversity took over and the site Berlin The 42km off-road trail is a cycling and walking was eventually covered in trees, shrubs and track that is divided into three separate stages grasslands and is now home to a wide range (En.wikipedia.org, 2019). The first stage from of endangered and rare flora and fauna. In Westport to Newport, is an 11km section, with Fig. 10 Mayo, Ireland, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019) 1995, 45 acres of the Südgelände site was the start located 500m from Westport town withdrawn from proposed future railway use centre and finishes approximately 2km from and developed as the nature reserve and park. Newport town. The second part is Newport Art, nature and historic technology have been to Mulranny, an 18km section that runs by combined to create a fascinating contrasting Fig. 11 Berlin, Germany, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.) the current N59, which was substituted for space (Gruen-berlin.de, 2019). In 1999, a the railway line. Finally, Mulranny to Achill campaign for the preservation of the site is a 13km section. (Greenway.ie, 2019). An secured planning to retain the old railyard as a Mulranny Newport estimated 300 people cycle and walk the trail public park, as large sections of the site were each day. (Greenway.ie, 2019). Although there classified as landscape and nature conservation is little evidence of the historical railway line, Westport areas. It has been open to the public since the Berlin walkers and cyclist can read about the trainline year 2000. The site’s rich diversity and powerful on information boards provided throughout the vitality inspire imagination and creativity. It trail. offers artists space for original sculpture, music, The success of Mayo’s 42km Great Western painting, photography and visual arts creations. Nature Park Greenway from Westport to Achill had a Walkways, enclose the landscape and nature Schöneberger Südgelände domino effect, leading to the Great Eastern Fig. 10.1 The Great Western Greenway (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019) conservation areas, providing visitors with both Greenway along Carlingford Lough’s southern insights and spectacular views. To retain the shore, which led to the Old Rail Trail Greenway sites historic usage, railway relics are on display from Mullingar to Athlone, and Waterford’s throughout the park. (Gruen-berlin.de, 2019) new Greenway from Waterford city along the Fig. 11.1 Natur-Park Südgelände(O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, Copper Coast to Dungarvan. All were inspired 2019.) by the 80,000 visitors who spent €7 million in the first year of Mayo’s Greenway.

Fig. 10.2 Ballycroy National Park. (O Nuallain, scribblemaps. com, 2019)

Fig. 11.3 Former Railway Line, (Hanson, 2005 Fig. 11.2 Natur-Park Südgelände, (Koppatsch, n.d.) Fig. 10.3 The Great Western Greenway, (The Wild Atlantic Way, 2019) 10 11 Site Site

Site Location What remains of the original Dublin to Tullow line? Based on my precedent studies on historical Kingston station, known today as Heuston Station, railway lines being converted into parks and the opened its first train line heading in the West proposed greenways along the Grand Canal and direction on the 6th of August 1844. Known River Dodder, the existing parks and sites that as the ‘Premier Line’, it passed through Sallins surround Heuston station would be suitable train station before heading south to Cashel, spaces for my design proposal. These are the Co. Tipperary and then extending to Cork City. Old Kilmainham Hospital grounds, Irish National The Sallins to Tullow Railway Line opened on 1st Dublin War Memorial Gardens at Islandbridge and The June 1886, creating the link between Kingston

Phoenix Park main gate entrance. Heuston station Hueston Station in Dublin and Tullow. In 1959, the section Station or Kingston station until 1966 was and still is of line between Sallins and Tullow was closed Irelands main train station. Through my inspiration and removed, leaving nearly no evidence of the of the Dublin to Tullow railway lines, these sites old train line. However, the section between would be suitable to reflect the historical values Heuston Station and Sallins remained open. of the railway system and to improve biodiversity (Industrialheritageireland.info, 2019) within the existing parks.

Fig. 12 Heuston Station, Dublin, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.)

Fig. 13 Dublin To Tullow, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.)

Does the Dublin to Tullow section run on the original track? Today, the line between Dublin’s Heuston Station and Sallins still exists as the main Western direction

Phoenix Park line (Premier Line). However, after the section between Sallins and Tullow was decommissioned, the Main Gate line between Sallins and Cork City continued. In 1851, a direct route form Galway City was opened linking it with Dublin. Sallins was the last significant train station before reaching Kingston Station. Fig. 12.2 Royal Kilmainham Hospital, (IMMA.ie, n.d.) Hueston (Industrialheritageireland.info, 2019) Station

IslandBridge Memorial Park Old Kilmainham Hospital

Fig. 12.1 Heuston Station, Old Kilmainham Hospital grounds, Irish National War Memorial Gardens, The Phoenix Park Main Gate Entrance, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps. com, 2019.)

Fig. 12.3 Phoenix Park, (Irish Defence Forces, n.d.) Who and what will it benefit? Such a project could benefit a wide range of people, mainly at a local scale. Providing a cultural, educational, historical and recreational experience should cater for people of all classes. Biodiversity will be improved by providing ecosystems for flora and fauna.

Fig. 13.1 Dublin To Sallins, (O Nuallain, scribblemaps.com, 2019.) Fig. 12.4 (National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, n.d.) 12 13 Conclusion

Based on my research throughout this first semester, I feel that I have broadened my knowledge in my chosen topic to prepare myself for the second part of this project in semester 2.

This research analysis is just the first step in tackling this topic for next semesters studio. Through looking at historic railways and greenways on a large scale in Ireland, it has helped me to focus in on the section between Sallins and Tullow for the second part of this project. Today we still see lots of evidence of our historic railways scattered around the landscape and I am particularly interested in preserving their memory while also handling the issue of Ireland’s lack of green infrastructure. I have considered between 3 different sites all within close proximity to Heuston station and two sites along the Sallins to Tullow railway. Through my research I have concluded that Heuston station, once known as Kingston station is Irelands most significant train station. In studio 4B I would like to continue my research but also incorporate the station as a focal point when furthering my thesis project.

Although I have submitted the first stage of the thesis, I believe that there is much more information to be found on my topic. When returning to studio 4B I will dig deeper into my potential sites and based on their practicality and location, I will implement my proposals where the biggest impact can be achieved. The history of ireland’s railways is a broad subject and this thesis project is a constant learning curve with different challenges and questions being constantly thrown. I look forward to the next stage to begin the process of finalizing my thesis project.

14 15 Stage 2

Based on my research in semester one, I have decided to further my knowledge on historic railway lines in Ireland by focusing on the railway that once ran between Sallins, Co. Kildare and Tullow Co. Carlow. Stage two of this booklet is broken down into several different stages.

Firstly, I look at the history of the Sallins to Tullow railway and the reasoning behind me choosing that specific railway line. I then go on to carefully research the railway line as a whole and reasoning for its chosen direction.

I have included a photograph section based on my site visit to Dunlavin where I met a local man who once worked on the railway and now lives in an old porter house. I focus in on a site and have produced several different design drawings including landscape details, sections, and perspectives.

Through looking at several different precedent studies in stage one of the booklet it allowed me to incorporate different design strategies for my chosen site. The Sallins to Tullow railway line has the potential of becoming a 70km greenway reconnecting the two urban towns.

Through creating steppingstones along the derelict railway, overtime there is potential to connect them and creating one continues greenway. This thesis aims to show how this can be achieved.

16 17 Introduction

What made me choose this project? Ireland is a historically rich country where railway lines were a dominant mode of transport during the late 19th and early 20th century. Also, its largely urbanised areas lack of adequate green infrastructure and biodiversity. Such a project like this has not been properly done. I believe it is a different way to incorporate the history of the line by providing a cultural and educational experience however, an opportunity to improve the green infrastructure and biodiversity in the urban areas. The High Line has proved to be a big success in doing this. There are many derelict bridges and lines in Ireland that could be utilized in a smaller scale basis. However, there is also an opportunity to create linear parks or improve existing parks to create a landscape that is modern but carries its historical values with it. The goal of my project is not to recreate the historic train journey. Such green spaces will contribute to the development of better ecosystems in the heavily urbanised areas of Ireland as mentioned above.

Does the Dublin to Tullow section run on the original track? Today, the line between Dublin’s Heuston Station and Sallins still exists as the main Western direction line (Premier Line). However, after the section between Sallins and Tullow was decommissioned, the line between Sallins and Cork City continued. In 1851, a direct route form Galway City was opened linking it with Dublin. Sallins was the last significant train station before reaching Kingston Station. (Industrialheritageireland.info, 2019)

Is there any evidence of the line between Sallins and Tullow visible today? After following the old line on a google maps overlay, I discovered that over 20 bridges still stand today and are still used by road traffic. In some cases, there are still impressions in the landscape that show the route of the old line and many of the hedgerows that once bordered the line are still clearly visible. There is a significant bridge in Mullacash, Co Kildare, untouched by humans and cars (due to its remoteness). In Dunlavin, there is clear evidence of a channel dug out for the old train that is covered up by natural planting now. Although the line was decommissioned in 1959, it is quite strange that nearly none of the tracks are visible and only aerial photos give little evidence of the route. Today, all that remains of Tullow Station, which once boasted a train shed, is the stone-built goods shed, complete with wooden canopy and GSWR station masters house. All other buildings have been demolished, including the 12-lever signal cabin, and an industrial estate occupies the site. (Google Maps, 2019) (tullowmuseum.com, 2019)

Why was the section between Sallins to Tullow decommissioned? Initially the branch was served by ten trains a day, but the lines popularity soon declined losing traffic to road transport. this reduced the train to three passenger trains and one goods train a day. In 1928 a Sentinel Cammel steam rail car was used on the line to reduce costs, but it didn’t prove popular with passengers or staff and was quickly withdrawn. Passenger numbers continued to decline with the popularity of the car and the passenger service from Dublin to Tullow was eventually withdrawn on 22nd January 1947. The freight service ceased shortly afterwards on the 10th March 1947. A monthly goods service was retained mainly for the transportation of livestock with occasional passenger excursions for special events such as All-Ireland finals in Croke Park or annual pilgrimages to Knock Shrine. A daily goods service was reintroduced in 1957, worked by a lightweight diesel locomotive but this was short lived with final closure of the line coming on 15th June 1959 with a special excursion. With the whistle blowing, crowds cheering, the last train to travel Sallins to Tullow branch line steamed into Tullow on a Sunday Evening. It ended 73 years of rail travel to Tullow, and two of the men who saw the arrival of the first train in June 1886 were there to see the last one steam out. (tullowmuseum.com, 2019) (Askaboutireland.ie, 2019)

18 19 Sallins – Tullow Analysis Pre Railway - (1837) Sallins

Mullaghboy

Naas

Townlands Rathvilly

Residential Dunlavin Baltinglass Wooded Area

Rivers

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During the Railway - (1888) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 1:100,000 Grangecon Tullow

Sallins VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Mullaghboy

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Rathvilly Townlands

Residential Dunlavin Baltinglass Wooded Area

Agricultural Land PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Rivers PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Roadways

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Grangecon Tullow

Post Railway - (2019) VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Sallins

Mullaghboy

Naas

Railway on Flat Ground Rathvilly Railway Through Woodland Raised Embankment Sunken Railway (Cut) Baltinglass Historic Bridge Dunlavin Urban Area

New Residential Areas

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Woodland Areas PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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Grangecon PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

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Tullow

As mentioned above, my subject These are Mullaghboy in Co. Kildare, where the railway line crossed the River Liffey and South of Rathvilly, PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION area is the Sallins to Tullow where the railway line ran parallel to the River Slaney for a 2.5 km stretch. DUBLIN HEUSTON railway line, a 70km stretch of line The first map was drawn based on the landscape during the years 1837 – 1842. The 6-inch historic

CLONDALKIN WICKLOW running from north to south that maps show the landscape before the development of the railway. I have mapped the field boundaries, was commissioned in 1886 and woodlands, rivers, roads, and townlands during that time. These landscape features went on to have an LUCAN WEXFORD decommissioned in 1957. These 3 influence on the direction of the railway between Sallins and Tullow.

NAAS maps show the landscape before The second map was drawn based on the landscape during the years 188 – 1913. The 25-inch historic map HAZLEHATCH SALLINS STRAFFAN HARRISTOWN DUNLAVIN RATHVILLY during and after the railway. From show the landscape during the time of the railway. If you compare the this map to the previous map you BALTINGLASS GRANGE CON drawing the full line, it allowed will notice the changes in field boundaries and the slight expansion to the urban towns. KILDARE

TULLOW CARLOW me to explore the site as a whole. You will notice on the current landscape map that some of the infrastructure is still visible today, for

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Based on my analysis and site visits, example, raised embankments and cut out ditches. My goal is to incorporate this derelict infrastructure into

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION I decided to focus on two areas my design process. It is worth taking note of the change in field boundaries before and after the railway. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION moving onto stage 2 of the thesis. For the purpose of the exhibition and the thesis booklet, I have rotated the context map and the three

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION analytical drawings of the landscape before, during & after the railway line, 90 degrees anti-clockwise.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED 20 21 The Land Post Railway – Example of Land Deed

What remains of the original Dublin to Tullow line? Kingston station, known today as Heuston Station, opened its first train line heading in the West direction on the 6th of August 1844. Known as the ‘Premier Line’, it passed through Sallins train station before heading south to Cashel, Co. Tipperary and then extending to Cork City. The Sallins to Tullow Railway Line opened on June 1st, 1886, creating the link between Kingston Station in Dublin and Tullow. In 1959, the section of line between Sallins and Tullow was closed and removed, leaving nearly no evidence of the old train line. However, the section between Heuston Station and Sallins remained open. (Industrialheritageireland. info, 2019) After the decommissioning of the line, CIE approached all landowners whose land was taken up by the railway line and were sold back the land for far cheaper prices than what the previously sold the land for. This deed above shows that all land was sold back to the landowners legally and no land was claimed by farmers unless it was sold to them by CIE.

22 23 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Topography, LandUse&ChosenSites Current Map from Sallins - Tullow (2019) 1:15,000 Ruairi O Nuallain - 15457962 Sallins, Kildare Ruairi ONuallain-15457962 Typical Sections Land Uses&

Railway on Flat Ground PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Railway Through Wooded Area Land Uses &

Raised Embankment Mixed forests Urban Area Heterogeneous Agricultural Industrial &CommercialUnits Woodland Agricultural Land-Arable Agricultural Land-Pasture

Tullow, Car;low Sunken Railway (Cut) Grangecon, Wicklow

River Liffey

Baltinglass, Wicklow Typical Sections

Woodland Areas

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Roadways

Urban Areas

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0m 50m 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1KM

Naas, Kildare PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Agricultural Land - Arable Rathvilly, Wicklow

Dunlavin, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Woodland Naas, Kildare

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Industrial & Commercial Units

Heterogeneous Agricultural Flat Area

Section 1 - 1:100 @A0 Mixed forests

Urban Area Section 5-1:50@A0 Section 3-1:100@A0 Section 1-1:100@A0 Section 2-1:100@A0 Section 4-1:100@A0 Historic Bridge Mullaghboy Bridge Raised Embankment Flat Area Sunken Railway(Cut) 24 7.5km 6.5km Woodland Area Kilcullen Ballymore Eustace PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION Potential Greenway between Kilcullen, Dunlaving & Ballymore Euestace, having Mullaghboy

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Bridge as the Focal Point. Woodland Area

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Section 2 - 1:100 @A0 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Dunlavin, Wicklow

Dunlavin, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Raised Embankment

Grangecon, Wicklow Section 3 - 1:100 @A0 Grangecon, Wicklow

PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

Baltinglass, Wicklow

Baltinglass, Wicklow PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION

Sunken Railway (Cut)

Section 4 - 1:100 @A0 PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION

Rathvilly, Carlow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Potential Greenway Loop between Rathvillt Town incorporating the River Slaney and the derelict infrastructure of the Railway Line Rathvilly, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

25 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Historic Bridge PRODUCED BYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSION

Section 5 - 1:50 @A0

Tullow, Carlow Tullow, Car;low stretch. the River Slaney for a2.5km the railway lineran parallel to and SouthofRathvilly, where line crossed theRiver Liffey Kildare, where therailway These are Mullaghboy inCo. onto stage 2ofthethesis. focus ontwo areas moving and site visits,Idecidedto Tullow. Basedonmy analysis ran between Sallinsand map where therailway once This isthecurrent landscape agricultural use. somewhat preserved by ofthelineisbeing memory You willseebelow that the decommissioning oftheline. however thishalted after the expansion to theurbanareas The railway linedidbring & Tullow ispastureland. land usebetween Sallins shows that thepredominant The current landusemap meandering line. steeper andgives way to the area thelandscape isalot railway. Around theBaltinglass reason for thedirection ofthe that topography isthemain south itisclearlyvisible as thelinemoves further ship inthisarea. However, directed dueto landowner railway was predominately landscape isrelatively flat. The Sallins andGrangecon the of therailway line.Between an influence onthedirection shape ofthelandscape had determine whether the topography mapisto The purposeofthis

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Surrounding Towlands of Mullaghboy

Brannockstown Gaganstown

Harristown (Old Station) Coghlanstown

Am I interested in preserving (at least the memory of) Mullaghboy borders the following other the Sallins to Tullow section? townlands:

I don’t think it would be feasible. The area between • Brannockstown to the west - 251 acres Sallins and Tullow is extremely remote. The entire route from Sallins to Tullow featured intermediate stations at • Coghlanstown West to the east - 1131 Naas (Population - 23,000), Harristown (3,473), Dunlavin acres (1300), Colbinstown (650), Grangecon (200), Baltinglass (3000), Rathvilly (800) and Tullow (4700). None of • Gaganstown to the east - 507 acres these stations exist today however as mentioned above some bridges still stand and impressions are clear in • Harristown to the west - 608 acres the landscape. Naas has a big potential to benefit from persevering the memory of the train line due to its quick • Rochestown to the west - 113 acres expanding population. Unfortunately, the other towns have not got the population or resources to support According to the last census, there are no Rochestown the preservation of the line. These towns do not suffer living population in these areas now. with urbanisation and my goal of ecological urbanisation would not benefit these towns as they are already ecologically rich. (Cso.ie, 2019)

26 27 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Land Uses & Population & Statistics Typical Sections Current Derelict Railway Features The entire route from Sallins to Tullow featured intermediate stations at Naas, HarristownRuairi O Nuallain - 15457962, Dunlavin, Colbinstown, Grangecon, Baltinglass, Rathvilly and Tullow Agricultural Land - Pasture

Naas, Kildare

Agricultural Land - Arable Intermediate Stations – Populations (Last Census) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Woodland

Naas - 23,000 Industrial & Commercial Units

Harristown - 3,473 Heterogeneous Agricultural Flat Area Section 1 - 1:100 @A0 Mixed forests Dunlavin – 1300 Urban Area Colbinstown – 650

Grangecon – 200 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Baltinglass – 3000

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Rathvilly – 800 Tullow – 4700

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Woodland Area

Distances between Intermediate Stations Section 2 - 1:100 @A0

Harristown to Mullaghboy – 2.2km (Approx. 25 min walk) Dunlavin, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Mullaghboy to Dunlavin – 12.7km (Approx. 2-hour 45min walk) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Dunlavin to Colbinstown – 5.4km (Approx. 1-hour walk)

Colbinstown to Grangecon – 4.5 km (Approx. 50 min walk) Raised Embankment

Section 3 - 1:100 @A0 Grangecon to Baltinglass – 7.1km (Approx. 1.5-hour walk) Grangecon, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Baltinglass – Rathvilly – 7.6km (Approx. 1-hour 45min walk)

Rathvilly – Tullow – 9.7km (Approx. 2-hour walk)

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Distances between Mullaghboy & Nearest Urban Towns

Mullaghboy Bridge, following the River Liffey to Kilcullen – 6.5km Approx. Baltinglass, Wicklow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

By Road – 6.5km Sunken Railway (Cut)

Section 4 - 1:100 @A0 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Mullaghboy Bridge, following the River Liffey to Ballymore Eustace – 7.5km Approx.

By Road – 5.4km PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Linking both urban towns together and having Mullaghboy Bridge as the focal point – 14km walk These five sections show the different Rathvilly, Wicklow derelict infrastructure and their form in the Nearest Urban Towns to Mullaghboy Bridge – Populations (Last Census) PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION landscape today. These are flatland areas, woodland areas, raised embankments, Ballymore Eustace – 1535 sunken railways, and historical bridges.

Many areas are overgrown and Kilcullen – 3710 VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Historic Bridge unrecognizable. Some have been lost PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

• Potentially could link Ballymore Eustace, Kilcullen and Dunlavin to create a 29km Loop Section 5 - 1:50 @A0 overtime due to agriculture and erosion. 28 29 Tullow, Car;low

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Mullaghboy Analysis

Kilcullen

Railway on Flat Ground River Liffey River Liffey Ballymore Eustace Railway Through Wooded Area

Raised Embankment

Sunken Railway (Cut)

River Liffey

Woodland Areas

Hedgerows

Roadways This is my 1:25,000 analysis drawing of the Mullaghboy today by farmers to move livestock through their land. However, by incorporating the bridge, I feel there is Urban Areas area. It shows my chosen site and context area. In the potential for an amenity on the site as well. I was drawn to the idea of a shared site for both recreational drawing I mapped out all field boundaries, residential and agricultural use. The dashed line around Mullaghboy Bridge is my final site location for the next stages. Residential Areas area, roads, woodlands, hedgerows, and the derelict infrastructure. The old railway line can be seen running Potential Access through the centre of the drawing. My initial concept The next sequence of pages are photos I took during my visit to the Dunlavin and Mullaghboy area. I met PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION was to link both Ballymore Eustace and Kilcullen (11km with some locals who worked on the railway back when it was in commission. The photos are in order from Scale - 1:25,000 distance), which are seen on the drawing, using the River the beginning of the day to the end. I started in Dunlavin with a local historian and I presented to him the PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Liffey and Mullaghboy Bridge as a focal and crossing point. work and analysis I had done on the railway line. We walked a 2km section of the derelict infrastructure I have also looked at potential entrances and parking, if it that showed the different features visible in the landscape today. My final stop was to the Mullaghboy was necessary as an amenity use. Based on my site visit to Bridge, my final site area. Mullaghboy, I decided to put my full focus on that area for stage 3 of the thesis. The derelict infrastructure is used PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

30 31 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED Meeting with the local historian from Dunlavin Meeting with a local Dunlavin man who once worked on the railway line and now lives in the old Porter House 32 33 The old Porter House at Colbinstown The Railway passing through Colbinstown 34 35 A local garden in Dunlavin representing the old railway with one of the Sallins – Tullow trains The Railway passing in Colbinstown 36 37 An old bridge that is used by road traffic today in the Dunlavin area. The Railway passing in Colbinstown 38 39 Many people use old railway infrastructure in the design of their gardens in the area A raised embankment still clearly visible today 40 41 An old fence post that divided the railway and agricultural land during its commission still used today An old fence post that divided the railway and agricultural land during its commission still used today 42 43 An old fence post that divided the railway and agricultural land during its commission still used today A sunken railway line that is used by farmers today to move livestock from field to field. 44 45 An old bridge that rises over a sunken railway line A raised embankment still clearly visible today 46 47 A raised embankment still clearly visible today Mullaghboy Bridge 48 49 Mullaghboy Bridge looking East over the River Liffey Mullaghboy Bridge looking West over the River Liffey 50 51 Mullaghboy Bridge extending over the River Liffey Standing under Mullaghboy Bridge 52 53 Mullaghboy Bridge Mullaghboy Bridge 54 55 Transition Through Time Transition Through Time

Typical Sections

The purpose of these drawings is to envisage the landscape in the future if an intervention were to be implemented. A key element to my proposal is the existing planting. By maintaining the existing planting (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Ulex europaeus (Common Gorse), the biodiversity of the site will be improved and enhanced.

The first section of the typical flat area where the railway would have once run. As seen in the drawing, the space where the line would have run is clear and could easily be utilized as a walkway/greenway. The existing planting act as boundaries that guide both people and livestock along the derelict infrastructure. The tall woodland planting to one side of the infrastructure provides shade while the open space on the other provides an open space with views of the landscape.

Flat Land Area - 1:100 @A1 The second section is of a typical woodland where the railway would once have travelled. The large tree specimens of Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris create an enclosure for whoever is using the derelict infrastructure. Like the flat area, the area where the railway ran is exposed and it creates a natural walkway for both people as a recreational use and livestock as an agricultural use.

The third section shows a typical example of a cut out that the railway once would have run through. These are extremely common along the Sallins to Tullow railway. They are used today by farmers moving their livestock from field to field. Gorse hedging covers the banks creating an enclosure. My proposal introduces a Crataegus monogyna hedge and fence down the centre of the derelict infrastructure separating both amenity and agricultural use. This allows the derelict infrastructure to be shared by both people and animals. A proposed plastic mat which acts as a walking surface designated to one side of the walkway, allows for all year-round access and Woodland Area - 1:100 @A1 cyclists.

The fourth and final sections shows a typical example of a raised embankment. These man-made features are extremely common in the landscape between Sallins and Tullow. They are used by sheep farmers to move their livestock and local people as a walkway. Gorse hedging and long grass cover the sides. My proposal is to dedicate the entire infrastructure to the public as an amenity. It would be enclosed by a wooden fence on either side for safety. Agricultural movement is still possible here. The movement on the lower side of the raised embankment would be dedicated for livestock. It is important to maintain existing planting and proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior on either side of the raised bank. My proposed walking surface mats on one side of the raised bank allows the grass walkway to be used all year round. It also allows for cyclists. There would be grass left on the remainder of the bank as shown for people who prefer to walk on the natural material. Sunken Area - 1:100 @A1

Raised Embankment - 1:100 @A1

56 57 Landscape Masterplan Landscape Detail 1

Existing Trees Existing Trees Existing Trees

Proposed Trees Proposed Trees 1 Proposed Trees 1

Proposed Trees 2 Proposed Trees Proposed Trees 2

Riverbank Riverbank RiverbankPlanting Planting Planting Existing ExistingWoodland Existing Woodland Woodland Proposed Grass ProposedSurface Grass Proposed Grass Surface Surface 1 Proposed Grass Proposed Surface Grass Surface Proposed Grass River Liffey Surface 2 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION River Liffey PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION River Liffey Scale - 1:15000 Scale - 1:15000 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Raised PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Embankment Planting PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Detail 1 shows how the derelict PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

1:150,000 infrastructure is sharedVERSION STUDENT byAUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

both agriculturalVERSION andSTUDENT AUTODESK amenityAN BY PRODUCED use. Both grass paths that run parallel to the river Liffey are PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION This drawing here is my landscape masterplan. The shown connecting to the derelict

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION 1:150,000STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED drawing shows the derelict infrastructure, infrastructure. I have introduced the river Liffey, and its surrounding context. As a walking surface as seen in the mentioned before, the site is already used by farmers plan. This is a plastic material that moving livestock from field to field. My final design sits over the grass. The non-slip shows a shared space, divided by a Crataegus surface reduces flooding and monogyna hedge and fence. The walkway from north allows cyclist to use the pathway to south stretches 1.5km. When I visited the site, I as well. This is not needed on took note of the planting. Fagus sylvatica, Quercus the agricultural side as constant robur, Fraxinus excelsior and Crataegus monogyna livestock movement will keep were all quite common in the area. I wanted to match grass levels low. The river Liffey my proposed planting with these species. You can could also be used for kayaking see proposed tree planting along both the derelict or another mode of transport infrastructure and walkway parallel to the River Liffey. connecting Kilcullen and To the west side of Mullaghboy bridge you can see Ballymore Eustace. All existing a proposed path on the southern side of the River planting has been maintained 2 Liffey. This runs parallel all the way to Mullaghboy and proposed planting of larger bridge, screened by existing river planting such as Quercus robur & Fagus sylvatica 1 gorse and white thorn before being led up to the specimens as seen by the larger bridge. The bridge is the only location where the tree block. The smaller tree block walkway is shared by both amenity and agricultural represents Fraxinus excelsior usage. Two gates located on either side of the bridge planting. I have introduced a separate the public from the livestock movement fence behind the tree planting on when they are crossing. I have maintained as much the new proposed path parallel to of the existing planting as possible as seen on the the River Liffey. This is to separate drawing. It is worth noting that the area shown in the the walkway from agricultural landscape master plan is owned by one landowner. land. Where there is gorse Such an intervention would be easier to maintain panting on along the pathway, 3 with one landowner instead2 of several. there is no need for a fence here. 58 59 Landscape Detail 2 Landscape Detail 3

Existing Trees Existing Trees Existing Trees Existing Trees Proposed Trees 1 Proposed Trees 1 Proposed Trees 1 Proposed Trees 1

Proposed Trees 2 Proposed Trees 2 Proposed Trees 2 Proposed Trees 2 Riverbank Riverbank RiverbankPlanting RiverbankPlanting Planting Planting Existing Existing ExistingWoodland ExistingWoodland Woodland Woodland Proposed Grass Proposed Grass ProposedSurface Grass ProposedSurface Grass Surface PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Surface River Liffey PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION River Liffey River Liffey RiverPRODUCED Liffey BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Scale - 1:15000 Scale - 1:15000 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Scale - 1:15000 Scale - 1:15000 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

ShownPRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION here is a detail of a raised PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

embankment.PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION This shows the entire

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

infrastructure being designatedVERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED

to the public as anVERSION amenity.STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY It isPRODUCED enclosed by a wooden fence on either side for safety. Agricultural movement is still possible here. You can see the movement on the lower side of the raised embankment. I have maintained existing planting and included proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior on either side of the raised bank. My proposed Detail 2 shows the proposed grass walking surface mats are seen on path that runs parallel to the one side of the raised bank. This river Liffey. Like detail one, I have allows the grass walkway to be used introduced a walking surface as seen all year round. It also allows for in the plan. This is a plastic material cyclists. There is grass left on the that sits over the grass. The non- remainder of the bank as shown slip surface reduces flooding and for people who prefer to walk on allows cyclist to use the pathway as the natural material. I imagine it well. All existing planting has been being in the middle of summer here. 2 maintained and proposed planting The walkway being used by many 2

1 of large Quercus robur & Fagus people, sun shining and trees full of 1 sylvatica specimens as seen by the foliage. larger tree block. The smaller tree block represents Fraxinus excelsior planting. I have introduced a fence behind the tree planting on the new proposed path parallel to the River Liffey. This is to separate the walkway from agricultural land. Where there is gorse panting on 3 along the pathway, there is no need 3 for a fence here. 60 61 Section 1

Proposed Grass Surface Proposed Grass Path Proposed Crataegus Agricultural Proposed Tree Existing Trees Existing Gorse Hedge on derelict infrastructure Existing Bank Planting with Plastic mat with Plastic mat monogyna Hedge Movement Planting

Section 1, which is 1:100 is the area where the proposed grass path parallel to the river Liffey meets the derelict infrastructure. It shows the existing planting being maintained. The Crataegus monoygyna hedge and fence act as a divider for the agricultural and recreational use of the site, which is shown. Proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur can be seen on the edge of the grass paths. These species were chosen to match existing planting on the site. I wanted to maintain the agricultural use of the derelict infrastructure as a contrast for the recreational use.

62 63 Section 2

Existing Bank Proposed Tree Proposed Proposed Grass Proposed Grass Existing Bank Existing Existing Agricultural Existing Existing Planting Planting Fence Surface on Path with Planting Agricultural Fence Trees Movement Planting Trees derelict infrastructure Plastic mat Movement

Section 2 is from the southern end of the site. It shows a raised embankment. The design proposal here is to delegate the entire derelict infrastructure for recreational use while the agricultural movement is seen on the lower side of the embankment. A wooden railing separates the recreational use from the agricultural use. Proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur can be seen on the edge of the grass paths. These species were chosen to match existing planting on the site. The proposed plastic grass mat is seen on one side of the raised embankment. This is to allow walking and cycling during the wetter winter months.

64 65 Section 3

Proposed River Planting Proposed Tree Proposed Grass Path Existing River Planting River Liffey Planting Existing River Planting Agricultural Land

Section 3 shows the grass path parallel to the river Liffey, the river Liffey and surrounding context. You can see where I have added the gorse hedging to the left side of the proposed path. This is to match the planting on the right side of the path. Tree planting is visible also. Proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur can be seen on the edge of the grass paths. These species were chosen to match existing planting on the site All existing planting is maintained. A wooden fence separates the proposed path from the agricultural land.

66 67 Perspective 1 Perspective 2

My first perspective is looking down the Mullaghboy bridge. The proposed gate is seen blocking off the Shown here is a before and after of a raised embankment. This shows the entire infrastructure being public from using the bridge while the farmer and his livestock cross. This is for safety reasons. I imagine designated to the public as an amenity. It is enclosed by a wooden fence on either side for safety. this perspective in the later autumn early winter seasons. Little or no foliage on the trees, low sun and the Agricultural movement is still possible here. You can see the movement on the lower side of the raised farmer potentially making his final walk of the year before keeping his livestock indoors for the winter. embankment. I have maintained existing planting and included proposed tree planting of Fraxinus excelsior on either side of the raised bank. My proposed walking surface mats are seen on one side of the raised bank. This allows the grass walkway to be used all year round. It also allows for cyclists. There is grass left on the remainder of the bank as shown for people who prefer to walk on the natural material. I imagine it being in the middle of summer here. The walkway being used by many people, sun shining and trees full of foliage. 68 69 Perspective 3 Perspective 4

This shows my third perspective. This is of a sunken railway. I produced a similar perspective in stage 3 This shows my final perspective. I produced a similar one in stage 3 however I have changed the orientation however I have made several changes to planting and path widths. You can see the Crataegus monogyna of the path in this final perspective based on my design proposals. You can see where the path runs parallel hedge and fence down the centre of the derelict infrastructure separating both amenity and agricultural to the river Liffey before turning up towards the derelict infrastructure to connect and allow crossing over use. The proposed plastic mat which acts as a walking surface is visible. Again, this allows for all year-round the bridge. Existing planting has been maintained and proposed planting added where appropriate. access and cyclists.

70 71 Material Details RathvillyRathvilly (2019) 1:5000 Analysis Ruairi O Nuallain - 15457962 Material Details Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3 Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3 Railway on Flat Ground MaterialMaterialMaterial DetailsDetailsMaterial Details DetailsDetailDetail 1 1 Detail 1 DetailDetail 2 2 Detail 2 DetailDetail 3 3 Detail 3 Railway Through Wooded Area

Raised Embankment Detail 1 – Plastic Mat. Sunken Railway (Cut) Graveyard This mat willDetail act as1 – a Plastic Mat. DetailDetail 1 1 – – PlasticDetail Plastic 1Mat. Mat. – Plastic Mat. River Liffey Mound hard surface on the ThisThis mat mat will willThis act act mat as as willThisa a act mat as will a act as a Woodland Areas Holy Well hardhard surface surfaceproposedhard on on surface the the hardgrass on surfacepaths the on the Hedgerows proposedproposedalong proposedgrass grass the paths paths proposedderelict grass paths grass paths Roadways alongalong the theinfrastructure alongderelict derelict the along derelict and the derelict Urban Areas infrastructureinfrastructuretheinfrastructure paths and and parallelinfrastructure and to and PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Residential Areas PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION thethe paths pathsthe theparallel parallel Liffey. paths to Theytheto parallel paths allow to parallel to thethe Liffey. Liffey.safe They They walking allow allowthe and Liffey. They allow

the Liffey. They allow PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION safe walkingcycling and and safe help walking with and safe walkingsafe and walking and VERSION STUDENT AUTODESK AN BY PRODUCED cyclingcycling and andmaintainingcycling help help with andwithcycling the help grass and with help with maintainingmaintainingunderneath.maintaining the the grass grassmaintaining the grass the grass underneath.underneath.underneath. underneath.

Detail 2 – Proposed DetailDetail 2 2 – benches– ProposedDetail Proposed 2 that–Detail Proposed are 2 – Proposed benchesbencheslocated that benchesthat are are alone benchesthat theare that are locatedlocated alonegrass alonelocated paths. the the alonelocated the alone the grassgrass paths. paths.grass paths.grass paths. 2.7km Material Details Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3

Detail 1 – Plastic Mat. Detail 3 – This is the This mat will act as a hard surface on the DetailDetail 3 3 – proposed– ThisDetail This is is the the3 – Detailfence This is 3the – This is the proposed grass paths along the derelict proposedproposedshown proposedfence fence in onproposed fence the fence proposed path infrastructure and shownshown in in on shownon the the in shownon the in on the the paths parallel to Material Details Detail 1 the Liffey. They allow Detail 2 Detail 3 proposedproposedparallel proposedpath path to proposedthe path River path Liffey. It actsparallel as a to the River safe walking and parallelparallel to toparallel the the River River to the River cycling and help with dividing barrierLiffey. from It acts as a Liffey.Liffey. It It acts actsLiffey. as as a Ita acts as a Detail 1 – Plastic Mat. maintaining the grass underneath. dividingdividing barrierthe barrierdividing recreational from from barrierdividing usefrom barrier from This mat will act as a and agriculturalthe recreational use. use hard surface on the thethe recreational recreationalthe recreational use use use proposed grass paths andand agricultural agriculturaland agricultural use. use.and agricultural use. use. along the derelict infrastructure and the paths parallel to Detail 2 – Proposed the Liffey. They allow Stone safe walking and benches that are cycling and help with located alone the maintaining the grass grass paths. underneath.

Material Details Detail 1 Detail 2 Detail 3

Potential Vehicle Parking Detail 3 – This is the Detail 1 – Plastic Mat. Detail 2 – Proposed proposed fence Potential Amenity (Café) This mat will act as a shown in on the benches that are Potential Kayak/Canoe/Bicycle Storage hard surface on the located alone the proposed path proposed grass paths grass paths. parallel to the River along the derelict Liffey. It acts as a infrastructure and dividing barrier from This is my 1:20,000 drawing of my analysis on the Rathvilly area. You can see the town to the North of the the paths parallel to the recreational use the Liffey. They allow and agricultural use. drawing. I was interested in the stretch of derelict infrastructure that ran parallel to the river Slaney as seen safe walking and on the drawing. I mapped out field boundaries, residential areas, roads, woodlands, and hedgerows in cycling and help with Detail 3 – This is the maintaining the grass proposed fence close proximity to the derelict infrastructure. My initial concept was to create a walkway which connected underneath. shown in on the proposed path Rathvilly town to the old railway line incorporating the river Slaney to create a greenway loop. The coloured parallel to the River dots on the drawing indicate amenities and facilities such as cafes, parking, and kayak storage. It is worth Liffey. It acts as a dividing barrier from noting that this site was particularly interesting because within its 2.5km stretch, 3 different types of the recreational use Detail 2 – Proposed and agricultural use. railway infrastructure are visible. benches that are located alone the 72 73 grass paths.

Detail 3 – This is the proposed fence shown in on the proposed path parallel to the River Liffey. It acts as a dividing barrier from the recreational use and agricultural use. Bibliography/Referencing Bibliography/Referencing

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