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Lebanon: Managing the Gathering Storm
LEBANON: MANAGING THE GATHERING STORM Middle East Report N°48 – 5 December 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. A SYSTEM BETWEEN OLD AND NEW.................................................................. 1 A. SETTING THE STAGE: THE ELECTORAL CONTEST..................................................................1 B. THE MEHLIS EFFECT.............................................................................................................5 II. SECTARIANISM AND INTERNATIONALISATION ............................................. 8 A. FROM SYRIAN TUTELAGE TO WESTERN UMBRELLA?............................................................8 B. SHIFTING ALLIANCES..........................................................................................................12 III. THE HIZBOLLAH QUESTION ................................................................................ 16 A. “A NEW PHASE OF CONFRONTATION” ................................................................................17 B. HIZBOLLAH AS THE SHIITE GUARDIAN?..............................................................................19 C. THE PARTY OF GOD TURNS PARTY OF GOVERNMENT.........................................................20 IV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 22 A. A BROAD INTERNATIONAL COALITION FOR A NARROW AGENDA .......................................22 B. A LEBANESE COURT ON FOREIGN -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 111 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 111 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 155 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, JANUARY 12, 2009 No. 6 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, January 13, 2009, at 12:30 p.m. Senate MONDAY, JANUARY 12, 2009 The Senate met at 2 p.m. and was The legislative clerk read the fol- was represented in the Senate of the called to order by the Honorable JIM lowing letter: United States by a terrific man and a WEBB, a Senator from the Common- U.S. SENATE, great legislator, Wendell Ford. wealth of Virginia. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Senator Ford was known by all as a Washington, DC, January 12, 2009. moderate, deeply respected by both PRAYER To the Senate: sides of the aisle for putting progress The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, ahead of politics. Senator Ford, some of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby fered the following prayer: appoint the Honorable JIM WEBB, a Senator said, was not flashy. He did not seek Let us pray. from the Commonwealth of Virginia, to per- the limelight. He was quietly effective Almighty God, from whom, through form the duties of the Chair. and calmly deliberative. whom, and to whom all things exist, ROBERT C. BYRD, In 1991, Senator Ford was elected by shower Your blessings upon our Sen- President pro tempore. his colleagues to serve as Democratic ators. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war WILKINS, HENRIETTA,CHARLOTTE How to cite: WILKINS, HENRIETTA,CHARLOTTE (2011) The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/775/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The making of Lebanese foreign policy: The case of the 2006 Hizballah-Israeli war Henrietta Charlotte Wilkins The thesis is submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy School of Government and International Affairs University of Durham January 2011 Abstract This thesis assesses the relevance of Waltz and Wendt’s systemic theories of international relations for understanding Lebanon’s international political behaviour during the 2006 war. It tests the hypothesis that substate factors, especially identity, are more important than systemic factors for affecting the conditions against which states make foreign policy-decisions. -
Secretariat Distr.: Limited
UNITED NATIONS ST /SG/SER.C/L.615 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Secretariat Distr.: Limited 6 October 2006 PROTOCOL AND LIAISON LIST OF DELEGATIONS TO THE SIXTY-FIRST SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY I. MEMBER STATES Page Page Afghanistan.........................................................................5 Cyprus.............................................................................. 32 Albania ...............................................................................5 Czech Republic ................................................................ 33 Algeria ...............................................................................6 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea .......................... 34 Andorra...............................................................................7 Denmark........................................................................... 35 Angola ................................................................................7 Djibouti ............................................................................ 36 Antigua and Barbuda ..........................................................8 Dominica.......................................................................... 36 Argentina............................................................................8 Dominican Republic......................................................... 37 Armenia..............................................................................9 -
Summary Report I
Summary Report I. INTRODUCTION 1. The HighLevel Meeting on Africa’s development needs took place at a time of both promise and challenge for the continent. While on one the hand some African countries have shown strong Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) over the last few years, rising world prices for food and oil, climate change and intractable violent conflicts threaten to reverse these gains. The meeting provided an opportunity for world leaders to come together and renew their commitments to Africa’s development and focus on how to address the remaining challenges. It adopted by consensus, a Political Declaration on “Africa’s development needs: state of implementation of various commitments, challenges and the way forward” A/RES/63/1 (General Assembly Resolution 63/1), which conveyed a strong signal of Africa’s commitments to its future, and the renewal of the international community’s partnership for Africa’s development. 2. The meeting reviewed the implementation of all commitments made to and by African countries in order to comprehensively address the special development needs of the continent. The main document for the review was the SecretaryGeneral’s report on Africa’s development needs. The report highlighted Africa’s underlying development needs and challenges, including the lack of human and institutional capacity to design and implement sound policies and recurrent armed conflicts. The report considered implementation of pledges made by international development partners in such key areas as international development assistance, debt relief and debt cancellation, trade liberalization and aid for trade, peace and security. -
The Lebanese Ministries by Virtue of Law
issue number 166 | January 2017 www.monthlymagazine.com Published by Information International POST-TAËFPOST-TAËF LEBANESELEBANESE GOVERNMENTSGOVERNMENTS “SOVEREIGN MINISTRIES” EXCLUSIVE FOR ZU'AMA AND SECTS Index 166 | January 2017 5 Leader Post-Taëf Lebanese Governments “Sovereign Ministries” 5 Exclusive for Zu'ama and Sects Public Sector “Sovereign Ministries”: 40 Fiefdoms for the Zu'ama of Major Sects Government Refuses to Hold the Constitutionally 47 Binding Parliamentary By-elections 40 Discover Lebanon 50 Ghouma’s impact has reached USA Lebanon Families 51 Al-Hussan families: Lebanese Christian Families 47 3 Editorial Powerful Zu’ama in a Powerless State By Jawad Nadim Adra Since its independence in 1943, Lebanon continues to face successive crises varying in sever- ity depending on the triggers, the stakes and the regional and international contexts. These crises range from the appointment of civil servants, to parliamentary elections, to squab- bling over ministerial portfolios, to governmental and presidential vacancies, to extension or appointment of parliaments as well as to bloody battles that unfolded either intermittently across different regions and periods of time or incessantly as was the case during Lebanon’s 15-year Civil War. All this has translated into a squandering of public funds, wastage of resources, brain-drain, pollution, unemployment, accumulated public debt, growing disparity between the rich and the poor and an absolute collapse in healthcare, education and all other public services. Ap- parently, the sectarian Zu’ama and we, the people, have failed or rather intentionally opted not to build a state. Talking about a fair and equitable electoral law is in fact nothing but empty rhetoric. -
Hezbollah, a Historical Materialist Analysis
Daher, Joseph (2015) Hezbollah : a historical materialist analysis. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23667 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Hezbollah, a Historical Materialist Analysis Joseph Daher Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Development SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work, which I present for examination. Signed: ________________________ Date: _________________ 2 Abstract This research aims at giving a comprehensive overview and understanding of the Lebanese party Hezbollah. -
Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon
middle east law and governance 6 (2014) 250-271 brill.com/melg Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon Thibaut Jaulin Marie Curie Fellow Sciences Po. ceri Paris [email protected] Abstract No major citizenship reform has been adopted in Lebanon since the creation of the Lebanese citizenship in 1924. Moreover, access to citizenship for foreign residents does not depend on established administrative rules and processes, but instead on ad hoc political decisions. The Lebanese citizenship regime is thus characterized by immobil- ism and discretion. This paper looks at the relationship between citizenship regime and confessional democracy, defined as a system of power sharing between different religious groups. It argues that confessional democracy hinders citizenship reform and paves the way to arbitrary naturalization practices, and that, in turn, the citizenship regime contributes to the resilience of the political system. In other words, the citizen- ship regime and the political system are mutually reinforcing. Keywords citizenship – migration – Lebanon On June 22, 1994, the Lebanese government of Rafik al-Hariri granted citizen- ship by decree to an estimated 150,000 stateless and foreign residents. According to its promoters, such massive naturalization (about 5% of the Lebanese population at that time) aimed to bring a final answer to the long- standing exclusion from the Lebanese citizenry of various groups of population who originated from Lebanon or who had settled there since several genera- tions. Pro-governmental parties praised the decision as an “historical break- through against sectarianism,” which they say characterized naturalization © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2014 | doi 10.1163/18763375-00603009 <UN> Citizenship, Migration, and Confessional Democracy in Lebanon 251 practices prior to the Civil War (1975–1990). -
Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon
Social Classes This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Middle East Office. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the opinion of the Foundation. and Political Power in Lebanon Fawwaz Traboulsi Social Classes and Political Power in Lebanon Fawwaz Traboulsi This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Middle East Office. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and can therefore in no way be taken to reflect the opinion of the Foundation. Content 1- Methodology ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2- From Liberalism to Neoliberalism .................................................................................................................................... 23 3- The Oligarchy ................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 4- The Middle Classes............................................................................................................................... ..................................... 44 5- The Working Classes ................................................................................................................................................................. -
Lebanon: Managing the Gathering Storm
LEBANON: MANAGING THE GATHERING STORM Middle East Report N°48 – 5 December 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. A SYSTEM BETWEEN OLD AND NEW.................................................................. 1 A. SETTING THE STAGE: THE ELECTORAL CONTEST..................................................................1 B. THE MEHLIS EFFECT.............................................................................................................5 II. SECTARIANISM AND INTERNATIONALISATION ............................................. 8 A. FROM SYRIAN TUTELAGE TO WESTERN UMBRELLA?............................................................8 B. SHIFTING ALLIANCES..........................................................................................................12 III. THE HIZBOLLAH QUESTION ................................................................................ 16 A. “A NEW PHASE OF CONFRONTATION” ................................................................................17 B. HIZBOLLAH AS THE SHIITE GUARDIAN?..............................................................................19 C. THE PARTY OF GOD TURNS PARTY OF GOVERNMENT.........................................................20 IV. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 22 A. A BROAD INTERNATIONAL COALITION FOR A NARROW AGENDA .......................................22 B. A LEBANESE COURT ON FOREIGN -
Commission of Inquiry on Lebanon Pursuant to Human Rights Council Resolution S-2/1
REPORT of the Commission of Inquiry on Lebanon pursuant to Human Rights Council Resolution S-2/1 ADVANCED UNEDITED VERSION Geneva, 10 November 2006 Executive Summary 1. On 11 August 2006, at its second special session, convened to address the ongoing conflict in Lebanon, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution S-2/1, entitled “The grave situation of human rights in Lebanon caused by Israeli military operations”, in which it decided to “urgently establish and immediately dispatch a high-level commission of inquiry”. The mandate of the Commission, according to paragraph 7 of resolution S-2/1, is: (a) to investigate the systematic targeting and killings of civilians by Israel in Lebanon; (b) to examine the types of weapons used by Israel and their conformity with international law; and (c) to assess the extent and deadly impact of Israeli attacks on human life, property, critical infrastructure and the environment.” 2. On 1 September 2006, the President of the Human Rights Council, Ambassador Luis Alfonso de Alba, announced the nomination of Ambassador João Clemente Baena Soares, Judge Mohamed Chande Othman, and Professor Stelios Perrakis as members of the Commission of Inquiry. The Commission assembled in Geneva, together with its Secretariat, and began its work on 11 September. It agreed to report to the Council within two months. 3. In Geneva, the Commission held meetings with the President of the Human Rights Council, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Permanent Missions of Lebanon and Israel, UN agencies and NGOs. The Commission visited Lebanon from 23 September through 7 October, and 17 through 21 October. -
Lebanon Parliamentary Elections, 7 June 2009
PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN DELEGATION D'OBSERVATION DES ELECTIONS LEGISLATIVES AU LIBAN (4-8 juin 2009) RAPPORT DE LA DELEGATION Annexes: 1. Liste des participants 2. Programme 3. Déclaration préliminaire de la mission d'observation électorale de l'Union européenne du 8 juin 2008 4. Communiqué de presse de la MOEUE du 8 juin 2009 Introduction Une Délégation de cinq Membres du Parlement européen a observé les élections législatives au Liban le 7 juin 2009. Présidée par José Javier POMES RUIZ (PPE, ES), la Délégation était composée de Marie-Arlette CARLOTTI (PSE, FR), la Baronne Emma NICHOLSON OF WINTERBOURNE (ALDE, UK), Sylwester CHRUSZCZ (UEN, PL) et Paul Marie COÛTEAUX (IND-DEM). Cette Délégation faisait partie intégrante de la Mission d'observation de l'Union européenne (MOE-UE) dirigée par José Ignacio SALAFRANCA SANCHEZ-NEYRA. Avant son arrivée au Liban, la Délégation a eu l'occasion de tenir deux réunions préparatoires, les 6 et 27 mai 2009, afin d'évaluer la situation politique du pays en amont des élections et de s'informer sur les travaux de la MOE-UE grâce à la présence de M. SALAFRANCA. Brève description des activités de la Délégation au Liban Les activités de la Délégation ont commencé le vendredi 5 juin par un programme dense de rencontres de très haut niveau à la fois avec les représentants institutionnels et politiques, d'autres observateurs internationaux ainsi que des représentants de la société civile. Avant et après la journée du scrutin, plusieurs réunions ont eu lieu avec la Délégation de la Commission européenne au Liban, la Présidence du Conseil en exercice et des Ambassadeurs de l'Union européenne.