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Fossil Usnea and Similar Fruticose Lichens from Palaeogene Amber
The Lichenologist (2020), 52, 319–324 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000286 Standard Paper Fossil Usnea and similar fruticose lichens from Palaeogene amber Ulla Kaasalainen1 , Jouko Rikkinen2,3 and Alexander R. Schmidt1 1Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; 2Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and 3Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Abstract Fruticose lichens of the genus Usnea Dill. ex Adans. (Parmeliaceae), generally known as beard lichens, are among the most iconic epiphytic lichens in modern forest ecosystems. Many of the c. 350 currently recognized species are widely distributed and have been used as bioin- dicators in air pollution studies. Here we demonstrate that usneoid lichens were present in the Palaeogene amber forests of Europe. Based on general morphology and annular cortical fragmentation, one fossil from Baltic amber can be assigned to the extant genus Usnea. The unique type of cortical cracking indirectly demonstrates the presence of a central cord that keeps the branch intact even when its cortex is split into vertebrae-like segments. This evolutionary innovation has remained unchanged since the Palaeogene, contributing to the considerable ecological flexibility that allows Usnea species to flourish in a wide variety of ecosystems and climate regimes. The fossil sets the minimum age for Usnea to 34 million years (late Eocene). While the other similar fossils from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers cannot be definitely assigned to the same genus, they underline the diversity of pendant lichens in Palaeogene amber forests. Key words: Ascomycota, Baltic amber, Bitterfeld amber, lichen fossils (Accepted 16 April 2020) Introduction et al. -
Mycobiology Research Article
Mycobiology Research Article Lichen Mycota in South Korea: The Genus Usnea 1 1 1 1 2 1, Udeni Jayalal , Santosh Joshi , Soon-Ok Oh , Young Jin Koh , Florin Criçs an and Jae-Seoun Hur * 1 Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea 2 Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeçs -Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400015, Romania Abstract Usnea Adans. is a somewhat rare lichen in South Korea, and, in nearly two decades, no detailed taxonomic or revisionary study has been conducted. This study was based on the specimens deposited in the lichen herbarium at the Korean Lichen Research Institute, and the samples were identified using information obtained from recent literature. In this study, a total of eight species of Usnea, including one new record, Usnea hakonensis Asahina, are documented. Detailed descriptions of each species with their morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics are provided. A key to all known Usnea species in South Korea is also presented. Keywords Key, New record, Parmeliaceae, South Korea, Usnea The lichen genus Usnea Adans. belongs to the family [6] proposed another subgenus Dolichousnea (Y. Ohmura) Parmeliaceae [1] (Lecanorales, Ascomycota), with ca. 300 Articus from the subgenus Usnea. The subgenus Eumitria species, and shows a world-wide distribution [2, 3]. Due to (Stirt.) Zahlbr. and sections Usnea Dill. ex Adans. and a fruticose habit and a beard like appearance, it is easily Ceratinae (Motyka) Y. Ohmura were segregated from the recognized, but difficult to identify up to species level due subgenus Usnea based on the molecular analysis reported to the presence of varying characteristics [4, 5]. -
From Genbank to GBIF: Phylogeny-Based Predictive Niche Modeling Tests Accuracy of Taxonomic Identifications in Large Occurrence Data Repositories
RESEARCH ARTICLE From GenBank to GBIF: Phylogeny-Based Predictive Niche Modeling Tests Accuracy of Taxonomic Identifications in Large Occurrence Data Repositories B. Eugene Smith1, Mark K. Johnston2, Robert Lücking1,3* 1 Integrative Research Center & Gantz Family Collections Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605–2496, United States of America, 2 Science Action Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605– 2496, United States of America, 3 Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195, Berlin, Germany * [email protected]; [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Smith BE, Johnston MK, Lücking R (2016) From GenBank to GBIF: Phylogeny-Based Predictive Accuracy of taxonomic identifications is crucial to data quality in online repositories of species Niche Modeling Tests Accuracy of Taxonomic occurrence data, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which have accu- Identifications in Large Occurrence Data mulated several hundred million records over the past 15 years. These data serve as basis for Repositories. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151232. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151232 large scale analyses of macroecological and biogeographic patterns and to document environ- mental changes over time. However, taxonomic identifications are often unreliable, especially Editor: Stefan Lötters, Trier University, GERMANY for non-vascular plants and fungi including lichens, which may lack critical revisions of voucher Received: April 12, 2015 specimens. Due to the scale of the problem, restudy of millions of collections is unrealistic and Accepted: February 25, 2016 other strategies are needed. Here we propose to use verified, georeferenced occurrence data Published: March 11, 2016 of a given species to apply predictive niche modeling that can then be used to evaluate unveri- fied occurrences of that species. -
0L the Requirements for the Degree • U 33
A Monograph of Usnea from Sao Tome and Principe A thesis submitted to the faculty of % San Francisco State University MS In partial fulfillment of E><0L the requirements for the Degree • U 33 Master of Science In Biology: Ecology and Systematic Biology by Miko Rain Abraham Nadel San Francisco, California December 2015 Copyright by Miko Rain Abraham Nadel 2015 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Monograph of Usnea from Sao Tome and Principe by Miko Rain Abraham Nadel, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Science in Biology: Ecology and Systematic Biology at San Francisco State University. DennisE. DesL6rdin, Ph.D. Professor ofjsiology San Francisco State University Jose R. de la Torre, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biology San Francisco State University Robert C. Drewes, Ph.D. Curator of Herpetology, Emeritus California Academy of Sciences A Monograph of Usnea from Sao Tome and Principe Miko Rain Abraham Nadel San Francisco, California 2015 A systematic monograph of the lichen genus Usnea from the remote, under-explored islands of Sao Tome and Principe (ST&P) in tropical West Africa is presented, treating 11 species representing 2 subgenera, Usnea and Eumitria. Ten of the 11 species are reported as new for ST&P, including U. firmula, U. baileyi, U. pectinata, U. aff. flammea, U. sanguinea, U. picta, U. krogiana and three undetermined, potentially new species, Usnea species A, B and C. Usnea articulata is confirmed for the main island of Sao Tome. -
Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two
(topsheet) Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113. Fieldiana, Botany H. Thorsten Lumbsch Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7881 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] Sabine M. Huhndorf Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7855 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] 1 (cover page) FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES NO 00 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf [Date] Publication 0000 PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2 Table of Contents Abstract Part One. Outline of Ascomycota - 2009 Introduction Literature Cited Index to Ascomycota Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Class Neolectomycetes Class Pneumocystidomycetes Class Schizosaccharomycetes Class Taphrinomycetes Subphylum Saccharomycotina Class Saccharomycetes Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class Arthoniomycetes Class Dothideomycetes Subclass Dothideomycetidae Subclass Pleosporomycetidae Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Class Eurotiomycetes Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Class Geoglossomycetes Class Laboulbeniomycetes Class Lecanoromycetes Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Subclass Lecanoromycetidae Subclass Ostropomycetidae 3 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera Class Leotiomycetes Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera Class Lichinomycetes Class Orbiliomycetes Class Pezizomycetes Class Sordariomycetes Subclass Hypocreomycetidae Subclass Sordariomycetidae Subclass Xylariomycetidae Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 Introduction Literature Cited 4 Abstract Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota. -
Fossil Usnea and Similar Fruticose Lichens from Palaeogene Amber
The Lichenologist (2020), 52, 319–324 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000286 Standard Paper Fossil Usnea and similar fruticose lichens from Palaeogene amber Ulla Kaasalainen1 , Jouko Rikkinen2,3 and Alexander R. Schmidt1 1Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; 2Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and 3Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Abstract Fruticose lichens of the genus Usnea Dill. ex Adans. (Parmeliaceae), generally known as beard lichens, are among the most iconic epiphytic lichens in modern forest ecosystems. Many of the c. 350 currently recognized species are widely distributed and have been used as bioin- dicators in air pollution studies. Here we demonstrate that usneoid lichens were present in the Palaeogene amber forests of Europe. Based on general morphology and annular cortical fragmentation, one fossil from Baltic amber can be assigned to the extant genus Usnea. The unique type of cortical cracking indirectly demonstrates the presence of a central cord that keeps the branch intact even when its cortex is split into vertebrae-like segments. This evolutionary innovation has remained unchanged since the Palaeogene, contributing to the considerable ecological flexibility that allows Usnea species to flourish in a wide variety of ecosystems and climate regimes. The fossil sets the minimum age for Usnea to 34 million years (late Eocene). While the other similar fossils from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers cannot be definitely assigned to the same genus, they underline the diversity of pendant lichens in Palaeogene amber forests. Key words: Ascomycota, Baltic amber, Bitterfeld amber, lichen fossils (Accepted 16 April 2020) Introduction et al. -
Neuropogon and the Phylogeny of Usnea S.L
53 (4) • November 2004: 925–934 Articus • Neuropogon and phylogeny of Usnea Neuropogon and the phylogeny of Usnea s.l. (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes) Kristina Articus Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. [email protected] Molecular phylogenies based on the ITS-LSU nrDNA and part of the ß-tubulin region were used to investigate the position of Neuropogon in Usnea s. lat. Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony strongly supported the monophyly of Neuropogon. Subgenus Usnea and Neuropogon form a strongly supported group with subg. Eumitria and subg. Dolichousnea as consecutive monophyletic sister groups. The following generic classifi- cation is proposed: Usnea (subgenus Usnea only), Neuropogon, Eumitria, and Dolichousnea. Dolichousnea is elevated to generic rank. Usnea as presently conceived is clearly non-monophyletic but with the present recir- cumscription it may be monophyletic, or not; this requires further analysis. The genera are well characterised morphologically, and pending further investigations this classification is in agreement with current practice and minimises the need for nomenclatural changes. The following new combinations are made: Dolichousnea (Y. Ohmura) Articus, Dolichousnea longissima (Ach.) Articus, D. trichodeoides (Vain.) Articus, D. diffracta (Vain.) Articus, and Eumitria pectinata (Taylor) Articus. KEYWORDS: ITS-LSU, ß-tubulin, molecular phylogeny, Usnea, Eumitria, Dolichousnea, Neuropogon, usneoid, Bayesian inference. group to Usnea. Krog showed Protousnea, together with INTRODUCTION Evernia, forming the sister group to Usnea and The lichen genus Usnea contains fruticose lichens Neuropogon, while Letharia and Lethariella were with a central axis consisting of a cartilaginous strand of grouped together and formed the sister group to all other longitudinal hyphae. -
Ethnolichenology—The Use of Lichens in the Himalayas and Southwestern Parts of China
diversity Review Ethnolichenology—The Use of Lichens in the Himalayas and Southwestern Parts of China Mei-Xia Yang 1,2,* , Shiva Devkota 3,4 , Li-Song Wang 5 and Christoph Scheidegger 1,2,* 1 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland 2 Faculty of Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 3 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS), Kathmandu 3084, Nepal; [email protected] 4 Himalayan Climate & Science Institute (HCSI), Washington, DC 20007, USA 5 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, Kunming 650201, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.-X.Y.); [email protected] (C.S.); Tel.: +41-79-836-8441 (M.-X.Y.); +41-79-460-7132 (C.S.) Abstract: Lichens are used in traditional medicine, food and various other ethnic uses by cultures across the Himalayas and southwestern parts of China. Evidence-based knowledge from historical and modern literatures and investigation of ethnic uses from 1990 proved that lichen species used as medicine in the Himalayas and southwestern parts of China totaled to 142 species; furthermore, 42 species were utilized as food. Moreover, some lichens are popularly used for lichen produce in ethnic and modern life. An understanding and clarification of the use of lichens in the Himalayas and southeastern parts of China can therefore be important for understanding uses of lichens elsewhere and a reference for additional research of lichen uses in the future. Keywords: lichen; ethnic use; medicinal; edible species; Himalayas; southwestern China Citation: Yang, M.-X.; Devkota, S.; Wang, L.-S.; Scheidegger, C. -
Splitting Or Synonymizing – Genus Concept and Taxonomy Exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic Region
Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region. Thell, Arne; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Seaward, Mark R. D. Published in: Graphis Scripta 2018 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Thell, A., Kärnefelt, I., & Seaward, M. R. D. (2018). Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region. Graphis Scripta, 30(6), 130-137. Total number of authors: 3 Creative Commons License: Other General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region ARNE THELL, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT and MARK R. -
Ultramicromorphological Observation of Usnea Longissima Ach
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(27), pp. 7102-7108, 3 April, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.3463 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Ultramicromorphological observation of Usnea longissima Ach. Yunzhe He 1, Hui Tang 2 and Zhiguo Zhang 1* 1Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China. 2Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China. Accepted 1 March, 2012 The Usnea longissima Ach. grew as an epiphyte on Abies georgei and was collected at an altitude of 3640 m above sea level from the Pudacuo National Park in the Shangri-La County of the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the Yunnan Province of China. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the ultramicro-organisation of the U. longissima . We observed that the interior of the specimen contained a large amount of cubic and needle-like secretions; images of the cross-section of the central axis show many densely distributed holes, and the longitudinal section of the central axis revealed many vessel- like structures, similar to vessels in plants; some hyphae specialised into ring-shaped. These structures have not been reported even in other Usnea . This study gives us more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of lichens. Key words: Usnea longissima Ach., ultramicromorphological observation, scanning electron microscopy. INTRODUCTION Lichens are composite organisms formed by the sym- numerous short perpendicular side branches and fibrils of biotic association of fungi and algae. This unique approximately equal length (3 to 40 mm). Papillae are mutualistic symbiotic relationship endows lichens with lacking but soredia or isidia occasionally form on the side novel biological characteristics that are different from branches. -
Notes on Ascomycete Systematics Nos. 4408 - 4750
VOLUME 13 DECEMBER 31, 2007 Notes on ascomycete systematics Nos. 4408 - 4750 H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Sabine M. Huhndorf (eds.) The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA Abstract Lumbsch, H. T. and S.M. Huhndorf (ed.) 2007. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4408 – 4750. Myconet 13: 59 – 99. The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels. Introduction The series ”Notes on ascomycete systematics” has been published in Systema Ascomycetum (1986-1998) and in Myconet since 1999 as hard copies and now at its new internet home at URL: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/. The present paper presents 342 notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels. The date of electronic publication is given within parentheses at the end of each entry. Notes 4476. Acanthotrema A. Frisch that the genera Acarospora, Polysporinopsis, and Sarcogyne are not monophyletic in their current This monotypic genus was described by Frisch circumscription; see also notes under (2006) to accommodate Thelotrema brasilianum; Acarospora (4477) and Polysporinopsis (4543). see note under Thelotremataceae (4561). (2006- (2006-10-18) 10-18) 4568. Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest 4477. Acarospora A. Massal. This new genus is described for a single new The genus is restricted by Crewe et al. (2006) to lichenized species collected twice in lowland dry a monophyletic group of taxa related to the type forests of NW Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2006). species A. schleicheri. The A. smaragdula group It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on ascus-type. -
Genus Concept and Taxonomy Exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic Region
Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region. Thell, Arne; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Seaward, Mark R. D. Published in: Graphis Scripta 2018 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Thell, A., Kärnefelt, I., & Seaward, M. R. D. (2018). Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region. Graphis Scripta, 30(6), 130-137. Total number of authors: 3 Creative Commons License: Other General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Splitting or synonymizing – genus concept and taxonomy exemplified by the Parmeliaceae in the Nordic region ARNE THELL, INGVAR KÄRNEFELT and MARK R.