DOCSLIB.ORG

Actor-Oriented Programming for Resource Constrained Multiprocessor Networks on Chip

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Actor-Oriented Programming for Resource Constrained Multiprocessor Networks on Chip Actor-Oriented Programming for Resource Constrained Multiprocessor Networks on Chip Gary J. Plumbridge PhD University of York Computer Science August 2015 for Ellie Abstract Multiprocessor Networks on Chip (MPNoCs) are an attractive architecture for inte- grated circuits as they can benefit from the improved performance of ever smaller tran- sistors but are not severely constrained by the poor performance of global on-chip wires. As the number of processors increases it becomes ever more expensive to provide co- herent shared memory but this is a foundational assumption of thread-level parallelism. Threaded models of concurrency cannot efficiently address architectures where shared memory is not coherent or does not exist. In this thesis an extended actor oriented programming model is proposed to en- able the design of complex and general purpose software for highly parallel and de- centralised multiprocessor architectures. This model requires the encapsulation of an execution context and state into isolated Machines which may only initiate communica- tion with one another via explicitly named channels. An emphasis on message passing and strong isolation of computation encourages application structures that are congru- ent with the nature of non-shared memory multiprocessors, and the model also avoids creating dependences on specific hardware topologies. A realisation of the model called Machine Java is presented to demonstrate the ap- plicability of the model to a general purpose programming language. Applications designed with this framework are shown to be capable of scaling to large numbers of processors and remain independent of the hardware targets. Through the use of an efficient compilation technique, Machine Java is demonstrated to be portable across sev- eral architectures and viable even in the highly constrained context of an FPGA hosted MPNoC. 3 Contents Abstract 3 List of figures 9 List of tables 13 Acknowledgements 17 Declaration 19 1 Introduction 21 1.1 The Path to Networks-on-Chip . 22 1.2 Multiprocessor Shared Memory . 24 1.3 Challenges for Programming MPNoCs . 25 1.4 The Actor Model . 26 1.5 Thesis Hypothesis and Research Objectives . 28 1.5.1 Hypothesis . 29 1.5.2 Research Objectives . 29 1.5.3 Thesis Contributions . 30 1.6 Thesis Structure . 30 2 Background 33 2.1 Multiprocessor Networks on Chip . 33 2.2 Embedded System Design . 35 2.3 Programming MPNoCs . 38 2.3.1 Hardware-Specific Approaches . 40 2.3.2 General Purpose Communication-Centric Programming . 44 2.3.3 Summary . 46 5 Contents 2.4 Actor-Oriented Design and Programming . 46 2.4.1 Actor-Oriented Frameworks . 48 2.5 Java......................................... 51 2.5.1 Java in Resource Constrained Contexts . 52 2.5.2 Java in Hardware . 53 2.6 Summary . 54 3 Machine Abstract Architecture 57 3.1 Machine Abstract Architecture . 60 3.1.1 Systems . 60 3.2 Application Model . 61 3.2.1 Machines . 67 3.2.2 Timing, Scheduling and Synchronisation . 70 3.2.3 Intramachine Timing and Scheduling . 71 3.2.4 Creating Machines . 75 3.2.5 Communications . 76 3.2.6 Dynamic Synthesis and Communication . 95 3.2.7 Resource Usage . 107 3.3 Platform Model . 107 3.3.1 Processors . 110 3.3.2 Resources . 112 3.3.3 Communications Resources . 114 3.3.4 Making Use of the Platform . 116 3.3.5 A Platform API . 117 3.3.6 Realisation of the Platform API . 118 3.4 Frameworks and Runtime Behaviour . 119 3.4.1 Processor Managers . 120 3.5 Realisation of the Application Model . 121 3.5.1 Requirements for Programming Languages . 122 3.6 Summary . 125 4 Machine Java 127 4.1 Java......................................... 129 4.2 Machine Java . 130 6 Contents 4.3 Machine Oriented Programming . 131 4.3.1 Single-Thread Equivalence . 134 4.3.2 Machine Classes . 135 4.3.3 Machine Class Restrictions . 140 4.3.4 Machine Life Cycle . 144 4.3.5 Machine End-of-Life . 147 4.4 Platform Agnostic Framework . 150 4.4.1 Communications Channels . 150 4.4.2 Implementing Channel Protocols . 160 4.4.3 Spontaneous Event Sources . 168 4.4.4 Processor Managers . 169 4.5 Platform API . 174 4.5.1 Platform Classes . 176 4.5.2 Processors . 178 4.5.3 Resources . 179 4.5.4 Communications . 179 4.5.5 The XYNetwork Platform . 180 4.6 Implementation in Standard Java . 184 4.6.1 Starting the Machine Java Framework . 184 4.6.2 Machine Instance Identification . 186 4.6.3 Machine Creation and Channel Addressing . 186 4.6.4 Machine Isolation and Communication . 189 4.7 Implementation on Bare-Metal Hardware . 190 4.7.1 Compilation Strategy . 193 4.7.2 Language Runtime . 204 4.7.3 Network Runtime . 213 4.8 Summary . 221 5 Evaluation 223 5.1 Overview . 224 5.2 Hardware Evaluation Platform . 226 5.2.1 The Blueshell NoC Generator . 226 5.2.2 Evaluation Platform Specification . 230 5.3 Programming with Machine Java . 232 7 Contents 5.3.1 Defining, Extracting and Fixing Application Structure . 233 5.3.2 Application Platform Independence . 246 5.3.3 Complex and Dynamic Application Structures . 249 5.3.4 Concurrency Without Sharing . 254 5.3.5 Fault Tolerance in Machine Java . 262 5.4 Overheads and Scaling . 265 5.4.1 Static Memory Consumption . 265 5.4.2 Experimental Methodology . 276 5.4.3 Communications Overheads . 284 5.4.4 Computation Performance . 298 5.5 Summary . 306 6 Conclusion 309 6.1 Revisiting the Hypothesis . 309 6.2 Thesis Contributions . 311 6.2.1 Machine-Oriented Programming Model . 311 6.2.2 Machine Java Framework . 312 6.2.3 Chi Optimising Java Compiler . 313 6.2.4 An Empirical Evaluation of Machine-Oriented Programming . 313 6.3 Future Work . 314 6.3.1 Exploitation of Extracted Application and Platform Information . 314 6.3.2 Garbage Collecting Machines . 314 6.3.3 Relocating Active Machines . 315 6.3.4 Communications Performance Improvements . 316 6.3.5 Multiple Applications . 317 6.4 Epilogue . 318 A Machine Java API Class Examples 319 A.1 RemoteProcedureCall.java . 320 A.2 Period.java . 325 B Water Tank Level Control Application 327 B.1 FlowController . 327 B.2 RefillPump . 328 B.3 LevelSensor . 329 8 Contents B.4 EmergencyValve . 331 B.5 UnreliableSensor . 332 C Microbenchmark Source Code 333 C.1 SpeedTest . 333 C.1.1 SpeedTest.java . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An OSEK/VDX-Based Multi-JVM for Automotive Appliances
    AN OSEK/VDX-BASED MULTI-JVM FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLIANCES Christian Wawersich, Michael Stilkerich, Wolfgang Schr¨oder-Preikschat University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Distributed Systems and Operating Systems Erlangen, Germany E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The automotive industry has recent ambitions to integrate multiple applications from different micro controllers on a single, more powerful micro controller. The outcome of this integration process is the loss of the physical isolation and a more complex monolithic software. Memory protection mechanisms need to be provided that allow for a safe co-existence of heterogeneous software from different vendors on the same hardware, in order to prevent the spreading of an error to the other applications on the controller and leaving an unclear responsi- bility situation. With our prototype system KESO, we present a Java-based solution for ro- bust and safe embedded real-time systems that does not require any hardware protection mechanisms. Based on an OSEK/VDX operating system, we offer a familiar system creation process to developers of embedded software and also provide the key benefits of Java to the embedded world. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first Multi-JVM for OSEK/VDX operating systems. We report on our experiences in integrating Java and an em- bedded operating system with focus on the footprint and the real-time capabili- ties of the system. Keywords: Java, Embedded Real-Time Systems, Automotive, Isolation, KESO 1. INTRODUCTION Modern cars contain a multitude of micro controllers for a wide area of tasks, ranging from convenience features such as the supervision of the car’s audio system to safety relevant functions such as assisting the braking system of the car.
    [Show full text]
  • Secure Control Applications in Smart Homes and Buildings
    Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Technischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Secure Control Applications in Smart Homes and Buildings DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Technischen Wissenschaften by Mag. Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Praus Registration Number 0025854 to the Faculty of Informatics at the Vienna University of Technology Advisor: Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Wolfgang Kastner The dissertation has been reviewed by: Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Prof. Dr. Peter Palensky Dr.techn. Wolfgang Kastner Vienna, 1st October, 2015 Mag. Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Praus Technische Universität Wien A-1040 Wien Karlsplatz 13 Tel. +43-1-58801-0 www.tuwien.ac.at Erklärung zur Verfassung der Arbeit Mag. Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich Praus Hallergasse 11/29, A-1110 Wien Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich diese Arbeit selbständig verfasst habe, dass ich die verwen- deten Quellen und Hilfsmittel vollständig angegeben habe und dass ich die Stellen der Arbeit – einschließlich Tabellen, Karten und Abbildungen –, die anderen Werken oder dem Internet im Wortlaut oder dem Sinn nach entnommen sind, auf jeden Fall unter Angabe der Quelle als Entlehnung kenntlich gemacht habe. Wien, 1. Oktober 2015 Friedrich Praus v Kurzfassung Die zunehmende Integration von heterogenen Gebäudeautomationssystemen ermöglicht gesteigerten Komfort, Energieeffizienz, verbessertes Gebäudemanagement, Nachhaltig- keit sowie erweiterte Anwendungsgebiete, wie beispielsweise “Active Assisted Living” Szenarien. Diese Smart Homes und Gebäude sind heutzutage als dezentrale Systeme rea- lisiert, in denen eingebettete Geräte Prozessdaten über ein Netzwerk austauschen.
    [Show full text]
  • Android Cours 1 : Introduction `Aandroid / Android Studio
    Android Cours 1 : Introduction `aAndroid / Android Studio Damien MASSON [email protected] http://www.esiee.fr/~massond 21 f´evrier2017 R´ef´erences https://developer.android.com (Incontournable !) https://openclassrooms.com/courses/ creez-des-applications-pour-android/ Un tutoriel en fran¸caisassez complet et plut^ot`ajour... 2/52 Qu'est-ce qu'Android ? PME am´ericaine,Android Incorporated, cr´e´eeen 2003, rachet´eepar Google en 2005 OS lanc´een 2007 En 2015, Android est le syst`emed'exploitation mobile le plus utilis´edans le monde (>80%) 3/52 Qu'est-ce qu'Android ? Cinq couches distinctes : 1 le noyau Linux avec les pilotes ; 2 des biblioth`equeslogicielles telles que WebKit/Blink, OpenGL ES, SQLite ou FreeType ; 3 un environnement d'ex´ecutionet des biblioth`equespermettant d'ex´ecuterdes programmes pr´evuspour la plate-forme Java ; 4 un framework { kit de d´eveloppement d'applications ; 4/52 Android et la plateforme Java Jusqu'`asa version 4.4, Android comporte une machine virtuelle nomm´eeDalvik Le bytecode de Dalvik est diff´erentde celui de la machine virtuelle Java de Oracle (JVM) le processus de construction d'une application est diff´erent Code Java (.java) ! bytecode Java (.class/.jar) ! bytecode Dalvik (.dex) ! interpr´et´e L'ensemble de la biblioth`equestandard d'Android ressemble `a J2SE (Java Standard Edition) de la plateforme Java. La principale diff´erenceest que les biblioth`equesd'interface graphique AWT et Swing sont remplac´eespar des biblioth`equesd'Android. 5/52 Android Runtime (ART) A` partir de la version 5.0 (2014), l'environnement d'ex´ecution ART (Android RunTime) remplace la machine virtuelle Dalvik.
    [Show full text]
  • Jamaicavm 8.1 — User Manual
    JamaicaVM 8.1 — User Manual Java Technology for Critical Embedded Systems aicas GmbH 2 JamaicaVM 8.1 — User Manual: Java Technology for Critical Embedded Systems JamaicaVM 8.1, Release 1. Published May 31, 2017. c 2001–2017 aicas GmbH, Karlsruhe. All rights reserved. No licenses, expressed or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this publication. aicas GmbH retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this publication. This publication is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for the Jamaica Virtual Machine. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this publication is accurate. aicas GmbH is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. Although the information herein is provided with good faith, the supplier gives neither warranty nor guarantee that the information is correct or that the results described are obtainable under end-user conditions. aicas GmbH phone +49 721 663 968-0 Emmy-Noether-Straße 9 fax +49 721 663 968-99 76131 Karlsruhe email [email protected] Germany web http://www.aicas.com aicas incorporated phone +1 203 359 5705 6 Landmark Square, Suite 400 Stamford CT 06901 email [email protected] USA web http://www.aicas.com aicas GmbH phone +33 1 4997 1762 9 Allee de l’Arche fax +33 1 4997 1700 92671 Paris La Defense email [email protected] France web http://www.aicas.com This product includes software developed by IAIK of Graz University of Technology. This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Partner Directory Wind River Partner Program
    PARTNER DIRECTORY WIND RIVER PARTNER PROGRAM The Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and Network Functions Virtualization are but some of the market forces at play today. These forces impact Wind River® customers in markets ranging from aerospace and defense to consumer, networking to automotive, and industrial to medical. The Wind River® edge-to-cloud portfolio of products is ideally suited to address the emerging needs of IoT, from the secure and managed intelligent devices at the edge to the gateway, into the critical network infrastructure, and up into the cloud. Wind River offers cross-architecture support. We are proud to partner with leading companies across various industries to help our mutual customers ease integration challenges; shorten development times; and provide greater functionality to their devices, systems, and networks for building IoT. With more than 200 members and still growing, Wind River has one of the embedded software industry’s largest ecosystems to complement its comprehensive portfolio. Please use this guide as a resource to identify companies that can help with your development across markets. For updates, browse our online Partner Directory. 2 | Partner Program Guide MARKET FOCUS For an alphabetical listing of all members of the *Clavister ..................................................37 Wind River Partner Program, please see the Cloudera ...................................................37 Partner Index on page 139. *Dell ..........................................................45 *EnterpriseWeb
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Dynamic Software Components Enabling Decision Support in Machine-To-Machine Networks
    IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 10, Issue 1, No 3, January 2013 ISSN (Print): 1694-0784 | ISSN (Online): 1694-0814 www.IJCSI.org 540 Smart dynamic software components enabling decision support in Machine-to-machine networks Alexander Dannies1*, Javier Palafox-Albarrán1, Walter Lang1 and Reiner Jedermann1 1 Institute for Microsensors, -actuators and -systems, University of Bremen Bremen, Bremen, Germany technologies more ubiquitous, devices have to collect Abstract information from a high number of devices distributed in The future Internet of Things will be extended by machine-to- the environment. For such a detailed supervision CRN are machine communication technologies in order to include sensor rather disadvantageous for the following reasons: information. The overwhelming amount of data will require autonomous decision making processes which are directly Communication costs have to be kept as low as executed at the location where data is generated or measured. An possible. intelligent sensor system needs to be able to adapt to new parameters in its surrounding unknown at the time of deployment. Network protocols have to be optimized for In our paper we show that Java enables software updates on transmission of small packets of sensor data mobile devices and also that it is possible to run algorithms consuming as little energy as possible instead of required for decision making processes on wireless sensor enabling global communication. platforms based on Java. Keywords: Machine-to-Machine communication, Internet of In many applications, such as the monitoring Things, autonomous logistics, Java, dynamic updates, OSGi. inside large buildings or rural regions, the supervised area will not be fully covered by the CRN of an external operator.
    [Show full text]
  • Interrupt Handlers in Java
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 06, 2021 Interrupt Handlers in Java Korsholm, Stephan; Schoeberl, Martin; Ravn, Anders P. Published in: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC 2008) Link to article, DOI: 10.1109/ISORC.2008.68 Publication date: 2008 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Korsholm, S., Schoeberl, M., & Ravn, A. P. (2008). Interrupt Handlers in Java. In Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC 2008) (pp. 453-457) https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2008.68 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Interrupt Handlers in Java Stephan Korsholm Martin Schoeberl Department of Computer Science Institute of Computer Engineering Aalborg University DK-9220 Aalborg Vienna University of Technology, Austria [email protected] [email protected] Anders P.
    [Show full text]
  • Concurrent Compaction Using a Field Pinning Protocol
    Concurrent Compaction using a Field Pinning Protocol Erik Osterlund¨ Welf Lowe¨ Linnaeus University, Sweden Linnaeus University, Sweden [email protected] [email protected] Abstract objects and relocate them, i.e., perform compaction. Then Compaction of memory in long running systems has always the unused memory (garbage) is reclaimed. been important. The latency of compaction increases in to- We distinguish logical objects from their physical mem- day’s systems with high memory demands and large heaps. ory locations referred to as cells; a fragmented heap memory To deal with this problem, we present a lock-free protocol al- region is called from-space, a continuous heap memory re- gion is called to-space.1 lowing for copying concurrent with the application running, 2 which reduces the latencies of compaction radically. It pro- There are two different actors in GC. The garbage col- vides theoretical progress guarantees for copying and appli- lector(s) and the mutator(s). The garbage collector finds live cation threads without making it practically infeasible, with objects by scanning the stacks and globals for references to performance overheads of 15% on average. The algorithm root objects, identifies other live objects by computing the paves the way for a future lock-free Garbage Collector. transitive closure of these roots, and determines the con- demned set of potential objects for relocation. The garbage Categories and Subject Descriptors D.3.4 [Programming collector compacts memory by relocating live objects of the Languages]: Processors—memory management, garbage condemned set: it copies the payload of cells in from-space collection; D.1.3 [Programming Techniques]: Concurrent to cells in to-space and then remaps incoming references, Programming—parallel programming i.e., updates them to refer to the to-space cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Framework for Open Real-Time Systems
    Departamento de Engenharia Informática Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Cooperative Framework for Open Real-Time Systems Cláudio Roberto Ribeiro Maia Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática Área de especialização em Arquitectura, Sistemas e Redes Orientador Professor Doutor Luís Miguel Pinho Nogueira Júri Presidente: Professora Doutora Maria de Fátima Coutinho Rodrigues, Professora Coordenadora no Departamento de Engenharia Informática do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Vogais: Professor Doutor Alexandre Manuel Tavares Bragança, Professor Adjunto no Departamento de Engenharia Informática do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Professor Doutor Luís Miguel Pinho Nogueira, Professor Adjunto no Departamento de Engenharia Informática do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Porto, Fevereiro de 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Since this project started back in October 2009, many people contributed by sharing experiences, guid- ance, knowledge and wisdom. In order to show my respect and gratitude to them, I would like to take this opportunity to do it. First of all, I would like to thank all the people at ISEP that in some way provided me with their support. More specifically, my school collegues for keeping me sane, the teachers for clarifying me with all sort of answers, the security guards for opening the doors during the night, the cleaning ladies for their warmful "Good mornings" and the remaining people to whom I have spoken and discussed about many different topics. I would also like to thank CISTER Research Centre for the opportunity of working in the CooperatES (Cooperative Embedded Systems) project (PTDC/EIA/71624/2006), which was the main driver to the MSc work presented in this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Java on Bare Metal with the Fiji VM
    Real Time Java on resource-constrained platforms with Fiji VM Filip Pizlo Lukasz Ziarek Jan Vitek Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, 47909 Fiji Systems, LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46202. E-mail: {fil,luke,jan}@fiji-systems.com Abstract 3. A survey of limitations Java virtual machines face when tar- Real-time Java is quickly emerging as a platform for building geting hard real-time systems. We discuss our previous experi- safety-critical embedded systems. The real-time variants of Java, ence embedding Java virtual machines and identify six key goals including [8, 15], are attractive alternatives to Ada and C since state-of-the-art virtual machines should address to be better suited they provide a cleaner, simpler, and safer programming model. for hard real-time and mission critical application domains. Unfortunately, current real-time Java implementations have trouble 4. A concise description of the Fiji VM compiler and runtime scaling down to very hard real-time embedded settings, where system. We describe the unique features of the Fiji VM compiler memory is scarce and processing power is limited. In this paper, we and runtime system and their implementation. We address each of describe the architecture of the Fiji VM, which enables vanilla Java the six goals in the implementation and design of the Fiji VM. applications to run in very hard environments, including booting on bare hardware with only very rudimentary operating system 5. A performance comparison between the Fiji VM and state-of- support. We also show that our minimalistic approach delivers the-art, server-class Java VMs.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Compilation of .NET Programs for Embedded Systems
    Journal of Object Technology Published by AITO — Association Internationale pour les Technologies Objets, c JOT 2011 Online at http://www.jot.fm. Efficient Compilation of .NET Programs for Embedded Systems Olivier Sallenaveab Roland Ducournaub a. Cortus S.A., Montpellier, France http://www.cortus.com b. LIRMM — CNRS and Université Montpellier 2, France http://www.lirmm.fr Abstract Compiling under the closed-world assumption (CWA) has been shown to be an appropriate way for implementing object-oriented lan- guages such as Java on low-end embedded systems. In this paper, we ex- plore the implications of using whole program optimizations such as Rapid Type Analysis (RTA) and coloring on programs targeting the .Net infras- tructure. We extended RTA so that it takes into account .Net specific features such as (i) array covariance, a language feature also supported in Java, (ii) generics, whose specifications in .Net impacts type analysis and (iii) delegates, which encapsulate methods within objects. We also use an intraprocedural control flow analysis in addition to RTA . We eval- uated the optimizations that we implemented on programs written in C#. Preliminary results show a noticeable reduction of the code size, class hi- erarchy and polymorphism of the programs we optimize. Array covariance is safe in almost all cases, and some delegate calls can be implemented as direct calls. Keywords array covariance, closed-world assumption, delegate, late bind- ing, subtype test, type analysis 1 Introduction High-end embedded systems such as mobile phones have widely adopted object- oriented languages like Java. Object-oriented programming offers code reuse through inheritance and more reliable designs, which improves the productivity in software development.
    [Show full text]
  • SIMD Intrinsics on Managed Language Runtimes
    1 56 2 SIMD Intrinsics on Managed Language Runtimes 57 3 58 4 Anonymous Author(s) 59 5 60 6 Abstract speedup, but neither languages like Java, JavaScript, Python, 61 7 Managed language runtimes such as the Java Virtual Ma- or Ruby, nor their managed runtimes, provide direct access 62 8 chine (JVM) provide adequate performance for a wide range to SIMD facilities. This means that SIMD optimizations, if 63 9 of applications, but at the same time, they lack much of the available at all, are left to the virtual machine (VM) and the 64 10 low-level control that performance-minded programmers built-in just-in-time (JIT) compiler to carry out automatically, 65 11 appreciate in languages like C/C++. One important example which often leads to suboptimal code. As a result, developers 66 12 of such a control is the intrinsics interface that expose in- may be pushed to use low-level languages such as C/C++ to 67 13 structions of SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) vector gain access to the intrinsics API. But leaving the high-level 68 14 ISAs (Instruction Set Architectures). In this paper we present ecosystem of Java or other languages also means to abandon 69 15 an automatic approach for including native intrinsics in the many high-level abstractions that are key for the produc- 70 16 runtime of a managed language. Our implementation con- tive and efficient development of large-scale applications, 71 17 sists of two parts. First, for each vector ISA, we automatically including access to a large set of libraries.
    [Show full text]