DOCSLIB.ORG

Winnicottian Object Relations and Behavioral Theory Conceptualizations of Difficult-To-Treat Binge-Type Eating Disorders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Winnicottian Object Relations and Behavioral Theory Conceptualizations of Difficult-To-Treat Binge-Type Eating Disorders Smith ScholarWorks Theses, Dissertations, and Projects 2010 Winnicottian object relations and behavioral theory conceptualizations of difficult-to-treat binge-type eating disorders : proposal for a synthesized treatment approach through dialectical behavior therapy Christy Erin O'Brien Smith College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation O'Brien, Christy Erin, "Winnicottian object relations and behavioral theory conceptualizations of difficult-to- treat binge-type eating disorders : proposal for a synthesized treatment approach through dialectical behavior therapy" (2010). Masters Thesis, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/494 This Masters Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations, and Projects by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Christy O'Brien Winnicottian object relations and behavioral theoretical conceptualizations of difficult-to-treat binge-type eating disorders: Proposal for a synthesized treatment approach through dialectical behavior therapy ABSTRACT This theoretical investigation creates a unique conceptualization of difficult-to-treat binge-type eating disorders (DTTBTEDs) based upon the synthesis of psychodynamic and behavioral theoretical perspectives of the disorder. More specifically, a Winnicottian object relations perspective is utilized to provide a framework identifying the manner in which early relational impingements that individuals with DTTBTEDs often experienced in their earliest care-giving relationships and holding environments impacted their ability to internalize affect-regulating abilities and learn adaptive object relational practices to utilize throughout their lifetime. Such a conceptualization will articulate the early reliance on food as a maladaptive transitional object in its trajectory towards the eventual development of a binge-eating disorder. The second theoretical perspective, a behavior theory lens, is applied to better conceptualize how biological vulnerabilities, conditioning processes, and behavioral reinforcement over time all interact to participate in the development, addictive maintenance, and resistance to treatment in the disorder’s lifespan. Together, these perspectives will be synthesized to create an unique comprehensive evaluation of the phenomenon of DTTBTEDs, as well as to propose the utility that dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a multi-modal treatment approach that amends affect dysregulation through a collaboration of skills-based behavioral treatments, relationally-based acceptance strategies, closely-allied psychotherapy, and interpersonal and behavioral coaching to target life- and therapy- interfering behaviors, can have in treating both the object relational deficits and the behavioral maladaptivies inherent in DTTBTEDs in an integrated way. WINNICOTTIAN OBJECT RELATIONS AND BEHAVIORAL THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF DIFFICULT-TO-TREAT BINGE-TYPE EATING DISORDERS: PROPOSAL FOR A SYNTHESIZED TREATMENT APPROACH THROUGH DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY A project based upon an independent investigation, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work. Christy O’Brien Smith College School for Social Work Northampton, Massachusetts 01063 2010 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis could not have been accomplished without the assistance of many people whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged. I wish to extend my gratitude to my research advisor, Edmund DeLaCour, Ph.D., for his attention to and supervision of the construction of a thesis topic that satisfied my deepest psychological curiosities, his deeply-rooted psychodynamic theoretical wisdoms, his patient review of each and every chapter, and for the numerous hours he likely spent reviewing my research. I wish to extend my gratitude to my son, Matthew, for his patient witness to the process of this thesis’s construction. I similarly wish to thank my family, friends, and closest loved ones for their support during the research and writing. Finally, I wish to acknowledge the pain and suffering of those whose struggles have inspired this research. To those that have battled or are currently suffering with difficult-to-treat binge-type eating disorders, publicly or silently in our society, I dedicate this research. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLDGMENTS ………………………………………………………… ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………….. iii CHAPTERS I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………... 1 II. THE PHENOMENON …………………………………………….… 6 III. THEORY ONE ..…………………………………………………….. 38 IV. THEORY TWO ..……………………………………………………. 88 V. DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………….. 142 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………….. 204 iii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION As eating disorders began to reach epidemic proportions in certain populations in recent years [e.g., it is widely reported that between 1% and 3% of young women in the United States are reported to suffer from bulimia nervosa while another 3% to 5% evidence significantly disordered eating and weight concerns (e.g., Safer, Lock, & Courier, 2007; Safer, Telch, & Agras, 2001)], research has expanded in a variety of ways, as well. Eating disorders with similar presentations are being categorized together, differentiations between types of disorders are being expanded, and new sub-groups of disorders are emerging in the treatment and research communities. For instance, restricting-type eating disorders of the anorexia variety present in significantly different ways than most other forms of eating disordered behaviors, causing them to often be evaluated in the therapeutic communities and investigated in the research communities in categorically different ways. Correspondingly, individuals with bulimia and binge-eating disorder have become increasingly linked as a sub-group of eating disorders based on their similarities in presentation. Both diagnoses are linked by shared symptomatology, such as affect-regulating binge eating behavior, heightened impulsivity, lack of control, pronounced negative mood, persistent affective dysregulation, and often have co- occurring disorders, as well (e.g., Chen, et al., 2008; Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001; Wisniewski, Safer, & Chen, 2007). Moreover, individuals that present with bulimia and binge-eating disorder often evidence binge eating as a maladaptive emotion regulation technique, the absence of other adaptive affect regulation skills, and the perpetuation of additional binge behaviors in an attempt to cope with the shame and guilt that is 1 experienced as a result of their eating behaviors (Chen & Linehan, in press, Sanftner & Crowther, 1998 as cited in Wisniewski, Safer, & Chen, 2008). Importantly, it is the more recent conceptualization of the characteristics and behaviors commonly evidenced in some individuals with bulimia or binge-eating disorder as addictive that have brought new attention to this sub-group of individuals as significantly disordered and symptomatic (von Ranson & Cassin, 2007). Eating disorder research and treatment communities are also rapidly identifying the commonly exhibited resistance to traditionally utilized forms of treatment as characteristic of a sub-group of some individuals within the bulimic and binge-eating disorder populations (Chen, et al., 2008; Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001). Where such methods as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), aimed at behavior change through thought change-driven work and talk therapy, have been found to be successful in treating individuals with AN (Bowers & Ansher, 2008), the treatments have been found to be ineffective for about 50% of individuals with bulimia and binge- eating disorder (Chen, et al., 2008; Fairburn, Marcus, & Wilson, 1993). As a result, the sub-grouping of bulimia and binge-eating disorder in the literature not only helps differentiate the disorders from the symptomology of other forms of disordered eating behavior, it also helps to identify a secondary sub-group based upon their differing treatment needs and calls attention to the need for the development of new treatment approaches. For the purposes of the present research, the sub-group of individuals with treatment resistant bulimia and binge-eating disorder will be identified as difficult-to-treat binge-type eating disorders (DTTBTEDs). The next chapter will provide a more detailed definition of DTTBTEDs as a phenomenon. 2 Treating eating disorders, in general, has been widely identified as challenging, complex, and risky due to the potentially self-harming nature of the control strategies its victims tend to employ as a form of self-regulation and control (Levitt, 2005). However, finding new and more effective treatments for nearly half of the individuals with BN or BED that have been found to be unresponsive to individual implementations of either psychotherapy or CBT has become a challenge for researchers according to recent literature (Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001; Wisniewski, Safer, & Chen, 2007). As a result, the current study intends to present an expanded and more comprehensive understanding of the developmental and etiological components of DTTBTEDs that afflicted individuals commonly exhibit and that ultimately contribute to the disorder’s difficult-to-treat nature. This will help identify the specificities of treatment needs and further propose correspondingly appropriate advanced treatment approaches. The present
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Autogenic Abreaction and Psychoanalysis
    Publicado en: Autogenic Methods: Appliccation and Perspectives. Ed. : W. Luthe. Pozzi, Roma 1977. Pags. 134-140. Autogenic Abreaction and Psychoanalysis Jose Luis Gonzalez de Rivera Autogenic abreaction and psychoanalytic therapy have at their very root a common concept: the pathogenicity of disturbing mental recordings. Despite the difference in techniques and approach, both methods share, to a certain extent, many other conceptual similarities. Although it is impos- sible in a short paper to review the fields of psychoanalysis and autogenic abreaction, I will try to elaborate on some of the common areas, and the possibility of cross-fertilization between the two disciplines. The Abreactive Phase of Psychoanalysis The concept of neuronal excitation in response to external and internal stimuli, and its sub- sequent need for discharge, is basic to the development pf psychoanalysis 44-10: The pathological potentiality of undischarged neuronal excitation is discussed by Breuer and Freud in their «Studien liber Hysterie». According to them, a traumatic event, that strongly aroused unpleasant emotions in the patient, may form the basis of the hysterical psychopathology. The mental representations related to the event became repressed and were thus deprived of direct means of expression. The affective com- ponent of the mental representations sought discharge by devious paths, and thus could result in hysterical symptoms or psychophysiological disturbances. The cathartic method of therapy is the logical consequence of this theoretical formulation. If the repressed memories of the traumatic event could be brought back to consciousness, and the associ- ated affect allowed to discharge, a therapeutic result should ensue. The first difficulty, of course, was the resistance of the patient to re-experiencing what he had al- ready decided was better not to experience et all.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychoanalytic Conceptions of Marriage and Marital Relationships 381 Been Discussing, Since These Figures Are Able to Reanimate Pictures of Their Mother Or Father
    UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ The scientific journal FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Philosophy and Sociology Vol.2, No 7, 2000 pp. 379 - 389 Editor of series: Gligorije Zaječaranović Address: Univerzitetski trg 2, 18000 Niš, YU Tel: +381 18 547-095, Fax: +381 18 547-950 PSYCHOANALYTIC CONCEPTIONS OF MARRIAGE AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS UDC 159.964.28+173.1+340.61 Zorica Marković University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Niš, Yugoslavia Abstract. This work disclusses marital types and merital relationships as by several psychoanalysts: Sigmund Freud, Annie Reich, Helene Deutch, Knight Aldrich and Bela Mittelman. It analyzes kinds of relations hips, dynamics of interaction and inner mechanisms of interaction.Comparing marital types of the mentioned authors it can be seen that there is agreement among them and that they mainly represent further elaboration and "topic variation" of the basic marital types which are discussed by Sigmund Freud: anaclictic and narcissistic.Also, it can be concluded that all analysed marital types possess several common characteristics: 1. they are defined by relationships in childhood with parents or other important persons with whom a child was in touch; 2. dynamics of partner relationships is defined by unconscious motives; 3. same kinds of relationships and same type of partner selection a person repeats in all further attempts in spite of the fact that it does not give satisfactory results. Key words: psychoanalysis, marriage, partner, choice, relationships According to Si gmund Fr e ud , the founder of psychoanalysis, marital partner choice, as well as marital relationships, are defined much before marriage was concluded. Relationship with marital partner is determined by relationships with parents and important persons in one's childhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Fixation and Repetition - Argument
    Fixation and Repetition - argument Alexandre Stevens Repetition is one of the four fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis, as set out by Lacan in Seminar XI where, with repetition, he introduced a new mode of the real. To do so, he distinguished it from transference, which the post- Freudians had reduced to being merely the repetition of figures from the past. As for fixation, it is a Freudian term, which Freud made use of in a rather discreet way and which was never given a significant place in his metapsychology. It was Jacques-Alain Miller, a careful reader of Freud, who gave it a new relevance when he took up the last period of Lacan’s teaching: "jouissance (...) is an event of the body. (...) it is of the order of trauma (...) it is the object of a fixation”.1 This was not the first time he had drawn upon Freud to propose a way of approaching Lacan’s last teaching. He had already proposed a reading of Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety in this sense.2 Fixierung I referred to the index of the Gesammelte Werke and found that fixation is a term that appeared for just about the first time in Freud’s work, in 1905, in his “Three Essays on Sexuality”. In the development of sexual life, Freud identifies initial disturbing factors – it being understood that it is disturbed, in varying degrees, for each person. In Freud, these first, constitutional factors are still not very precise. They contain what he calls a “pertinacity” towards the impressions of sexual life. It is this “pertinacity” 3 that he calls a 1 Jacques-Alain Miller, L’être et l’Un, lesson 4 (9 February 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title A NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL OF PERCEPTION Considerations for Transference Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53w6141z Journal Psychoanalytic Psychology, 24(4) Authors Pincus, David Freeman, Walter J, III Modell, Arnold Publication Date 2007-10-01 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Psychoanalytic Psychology Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 2007, Vol. 24, No. 4, 623–640 0736-9735/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0736-9735.24.4.623 A NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL OF PERCEPTION Considerations for Transference David Pincus, DMH Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University Walter Freeman, MD University of California, Berkeley Arnold Modell, MD Harvard Medical School and Boston Psychoanalytic Institute Transference is a key concept in psychoanalysis, distinguishing the analytic treatment from other forms of psychotherapy. In this essay, the authors place transference into the context of a general psychology of human functioning and link it to the neurobiology of perception. The authors briefly review the literature within and outside of psychoanalysis, define transference through the lens of perception, and propose that it is ubiquitous in humans. When not impaired, transference is an adaptive ego function that emerges, along with countertransference, in the context of any interpersonal situation of signif- icant emotional import. The authors draw on W. Freeman’s (2003, 2004) research on olfaction, which has since been replicated in other sensory modalities, for a neurodynamic basis for their model of perception and describe how transference may be thought of as an evolved form of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Approaches to Psychology Part I the Ubiquity of Freudian Theory In
    9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner The Ubiquity of Freudian Theory in Everyday Life • “He drives that Corvette because it’s really phallic” Major Approaches to Psychology • “My roommate is busy alphabetizing her shirts. She’s so anal!” Part I • “His mother is really domineering. No wonder he’s so screwed up.” The Psychoanalytic (Freudian) • “She’s unhappy because she’s so uptight and Approach repressed.” • “If only Mel had an outlet so that he could vent his hostility and channel it into more productive activities, he wouldn’t have shot up the post office with an Uzi.” Sigmund Freud • Some biographical facts. 1856-1939. • Background in neurology: – Aphasia – Hypnosis – Cocaine 1 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Sigmund Freud, continued Components of Freudian Theory • Radical themes: • 1. Psychic energy (The hydraulic model) – Unconscious mind – Libido – Irrationality – Sexuality – Repression – Hidden conflict – Importance of childhood – Lack of accidents • Comparison with Copernicus, Darwin Components of Freudian The Id (“it”) Theory, continued • The pleasure principle: Gratification of desire. • Primary process thinking. • 2. The Structural Theory – Infancy – Superego – Dreams • House = body – Ego • King & Queen = mom & dad – Id • Children = genitals • Playing with children = ... • Journey = death • Stairs = sex • Bath = birth – “Freudian Slips” – Free association – Psychosis 2 9.00 Introduction to Psychology – Fall 2001 Prof. Steven Pinker Week 2, Lecture 1: Major Approaches to Psychology I: Freud & Skinner Primary process thinking of the Structural theory, cont.: Id, continued 2.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, M.D. I
    Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Deborah L. Cabaniss, M.D. I. Definitions A. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the umbrella term for a number of therapies that aim at treating problems that affect the mind (psyche). This lecture will focus on those treatments that are based on a psychodynamic model of the mind. These include: •Ego supportive psychotherapy •Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy •Psychoanalysis B. Psychodynamics A model of the mind which hypothesizes that the functioning of the mind is dynamic; i.e. that it is in constant flux, with structures (id, ego, super-ego) continuously interacting and conflicting with each other. When these structures are continuously in conflict, they may prevent the individual from moving forward with his or her life. For example, a person might simultaneously want to succeed in his career but may fear punishment from his super-ego for eclipsing his parent’s success. While this fear might represent an imagined danger rather than an actual danger, this conflict could prevent the person from doing what he wants to do and could in fact cause him to sabotage himself professionally. The psychotherapies which are based on the psychodynamic model try to help the patient to become more aware of his/her wishes, motivations, fears, anxieties, and coping mechanisms. They try to help people to gain perspective about fears which are perceived as real but may actually be based in fantasy. They help people to gain more realistic perspectives about themselves and others in an effort to improve their relationships with other people. Finally, they help people to examine their views of their past experiences, which are often distorted by unconscious wishes and fantasies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Repetition Compulsion All Over Again
    The Repetition Compulsion All Over Again Daniel Benveniste, Ph.D. April 9, 2016 Sigmund Freud’s fundamental psychoanalytic concepts can be imagined as the spokes of a wheel each converging on the center-point organizing concept of the repetition compulsion. We have the topographic model of the mind with its conscious, preconscious and unconscious domains. We have censors between the conscious and preconscious and between the preconscious and unconscious. These censors, protecting us from disagreeable impulses and thoughts, are our various defense mechanisms deployed in unique fashions for different kinds of threats. When we invite the patient to free-associate, the patient’s day-to-day defenses reappear in the analytic hour as resistances to free-associate--and these resistances attempt to conceal the repressed material behind a personality character, defensive structure and a set of symptoms. Repressed material is not just an upsetting thought but a constellation of thoughts, memories, traumas and conflicts embedded in a set of internal object relations derived from early childhood experience. These object relations are internal representations of primary affective bonds to maternal, paternal and fraternal relations and the messages and experiences tied to them. The projection of these internal object relations into the social surround or the awakening of these internal object relations by external circumstances is how we account for repeating scenarios in our day-to-day lives. When the analyst, practicing a certain level of abstinence and neutrality, becomes saddled with a particular internal object relation, we call it a transference and the drama is set to begin. The dramas of day-to-day life are organized around scenarios: dialogues of depressive self-critique; anxious worrying about future events; recurring conflicts with authority; curiously repeating dynamics in intimate relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Stage (Birth-1.5 Yrs)
    10/30/2017 • Oral Stage •Anal Stage (~ 1.5-3) • Anus/elimination as a source of pleasurable (birth-1.5 yrs) sensation or feelings of satisfaction associated • Sucking, mouthing is a source of pleasure, soothing, with controlling your body. satisfaction • Conflicts: Continuing the easy life of diapers & no • Conflict: dependence vs independence; trusting others vs responsibilities vs. the difficulties of gaining distrust control & responsibilities of doing what’s expected • being nursed vs. being weaned & able feed self by parents/society • needing pacifier vs. being “big” enough not to use one •Oedipus Complex (boys)/Electra Complex •Phallic Stage (~3-6) (girls) • Competing with your same-sex parent for the love & • Children become more interested in their genitals; attention of your opposite sex parent (who is, in some begin to recognize gender differences sense, your first love) • Conflict: Competing with vs. identifying with same sex • As part of this unconscious competition Freud parent/role models proposed boys feel “castration anxiety” while girls unconsciously blame Mom for their not having a penis ( “penis envy” ) •Latency Stage (~7-11) •Genital Stage (puberty-adulthood) • Sexual and aggressive urges generally repressed or channeled into socially acceptable activities. Spend time with same- • Move toward mature sexuality and relationships. sex peers. • Healthy personality & ability to have successful social relationships & sexual experiences depend on what went on in earlier stages. • If, however, you were over-indulged or under-indulged during an earlier stage, you may end up stuck or “fixated” at that stage (still showing some characteristics of that earlier stage)……. 1 10/30/2017 •Signs of Fixation (see bottom of 392) • Oral fixation oral activities; excessive dependency; excessive need for approval or nurturance from others • Anal fixation extremes of orderliness/disorderliness, punctuality or lack of it, compliance/noncompliance; generosity/stinginess • Phallic fixation extreme identification with & display •Personality: of sex-typical behaviors.
    [Show full text]
  • Theory of Psychosexual Development
    Theory of Psychosexual Development - stages are associated with when certain behaviors naturally occur - based on the assumption of infant sexuality - sexuality was broader than reproductive activity - included deriving pleasure from the body, and sublimation - the stages describe a normative sequence of different modes for gratifying sexual instinct - sources of pleasure - sources of potential conflict - a child can become fixated at a particular stage - when under stress, an adult may regress to childish behavior - development moves from autoeroticism to reproductive sexuality Oral Stage – birth to age one - the mouth is the main source of information and of pleasure - eating, sucking, biting/chewing - prototypes for later behaviors and character traits e.g., the gullible person; using "biting" humor; gum chewing and smoking - two sources of conflict involve weaning and biting: may lead to a fixation Anal Stage – 2nd and 3rd year of life - pleasure is associated with expulsion or retention of feces - often the first attempt to regulate instinctual impulses - also when child begins to assert it's independence - rigid, harsh training may lead child to rebel and hold back feces - if this reaction generalizes, may develop a retentive character: obstinate and stingy 1 Create PDF with GO2PDF for free, if you wish to remove this line, click here to buy Virtual PDF Printer - or child may vent rage by expelling inappropriately - may become prototype for expulsive traits: tantrums, destructiveness, messy disorderliness Phallic Stage – 4th and
    [Show full text]
  • Early Resistance to Psychoanalysis - Alfred Adler, Carl Jung and Otto Rank
    City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Worrell, M. (2002). Resistance is futile? An existential-phenomenological exploration of psychotherapists' experiences of 'encountering resistance' in psychotherapy. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/7607/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Resistance is futile? An existential-phenomenological exploration of psychotherapists' experiences of 'encountering resistance' in psychotherapy Volume I Michael Worrell August 2002 This thesis is submitted in fulfilment ofthe requirements for the degree ofPhD at the School ofPsychotherapy and Counselling at Regent's College London (Validated by City University
    [Show full text]
  • Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
    Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Clinical Manual Deborah L. Cabaniss, Sabrina Cherry, Carolyn J. Douglas and Anna Schwartz © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-68471-9 Companion website This book includes a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/cabaniss/psychotherapy with the ‘‘Listening Exercise’’ for Chapter 16 (Learning to Listen). This is a short recording that will help the reader to learn about different ways we listen. It is designed to accompany a listening exercise which is found on the second page of Chapter 16 (p 144). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy A Clinical Manual By Deborah L. Cabaniss and Sabrina Cherry Carolyn J. Douglas Anna Schwartz Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, USA A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2011, © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Personality and the Psychoanalytic Perspective
    Personality and The Psychoanalytic Perspective • Personality and the Four Perspectives • Personality refers to your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. • Theories of Personality you Must Know: 1. Psychoanalytic 2. Trait 3. Humanistic 4. Social Cognitive The Psychoanalytic Perspective • Mostly based on the ideas of Sigmund Freud. • Freud argued that personality was mostly influenced by unconscious conflicts/motivations and early childhood sexuality/ experiences. • 2 most basic motives were sex and aggression. The Psychoanalytic Perspective • Psychoanalysis: specifically refers to Freud’s theory on unconscious motivations influence on our personality and to the techniques used to uncover and interpret unconscious conflicts and tensions which may be causing a psychological disorder. • From his viewpoint, only through understanding your unconscious conflicts can you overcome psychological problems like depression, anxiety, etc. Unconscious vs. Preconscious Unconscious: • According to Freud is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories we are unaware of. • Contemporary viewpoint- information processing of which we are unaware Preconscious: information that is not conscious, but is retrievable into conscious awareness. Ex: phone number, best friend’s last name, etc. Structure of Our Personality According to Freud • To Freud, Ego Conscious mind Personality is like Unconscious an iceberg. mind • We can only see Superego a very small part Id of it (conscious) while most of it is unseen (unconscious) Parts of Personality According to Freud • Id: largest part of your personality that is unconscious, largely instinctual, and purely operates to satisfy biological, sexual, and aggressive drives. • Seeks immediate gratification and operates according to the pleasure principle. Parts of Personality According to Freud • Superego: part of personality that develops around the age of 4 to 5.
    [Show full text]