DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Information to Users UV imaging of extensive air showers at TeV energies. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Chantell, Mark Charles. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 22:28:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187295 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript ,has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissenation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality or this reproduction is dependent upon the quality or the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and contimJing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Informallon Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI4S106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800:521-0600 UV IMAGING OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS AT TEV ENERGIES by Mark Charles Chantell A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS In Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1995 UMI Number: 9604520 OMI Microform 9604520 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Mark C Chantell --~~=-~~~~~--------------------- entitled UV Imaging of Extensive Air Showers at TeV Energies and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation of Philosophy/Physics Date g/I~ 195 Date ~ • Dater \ r;; (Ic{ /45 /9. t .1995" Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. /9.6.199J Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of many people. In particular I would like to thank Dr. Trevor Weekes for his guidance and support during my dissertation work. To Kevin Harris I express my sincere thanks for his assistance in the understanding all the technical aspects of the experiment. I would also like to thank the rest of the Whipple collaboration, past and present, for their assistance and support of this work. In addition to the regular members of the Whipple collaboration I wish to express my thanks to Drs. Patrick Fleury, Eric Pare, Xavier Sarazin, Giuseppe Vacanti and especially Marcel Urban for many stimulating, and enlightening, discussions. To my Ph.D. committee members I express my appreciation for their input and direction. Dr. K.c. Hsieh deserves particular thanks for helping me to distill four years worth of research into a single, coherent, body of work. My wife and parents deserve my heartfelt appreciation for their support and encouragement. Finally I would like to thank the U.S. Department of Energy and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for their financial support of this work. 5 To my loving Wife whose never ending faith helped me to endure the most difficult times during my graduate studies. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 11 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 12 LI. GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMy ................................................................ 12 1.2. AIR-CHERENKOV IMAGING ................................................................ 17 1.3. MOTIVATION FOR EXTENDING THE IMAGING TECHNIQUE INTO PERIODS OF BRIGHT MOON LIGHT ......................................... 19 1.4. ARTEMIS AND A UV VERSION OF THE WHIPPLE OBSERVATORY'S IMAGING CAMERA ............................................... 25 2. THE 10-METER TELESCOPE AND DATA ACQUISITION ELECTRONICS ..... 28 2.1. TELESCOPE MOUNT AND ELECTRONICS ........................................ 30 2.2. TELESCOPE TRACKING CAPABILITIES ............................................ 32 2.3. THE UV CAMERA .................................................................................. 32 2.3.1. THE SOLAR-BLIND PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES ............... 36 2.3.2. UVFILTER ............................................................................... 38 2.3.3. SCINTILLATOR DETECTOR .................................................. 39 2.4. DATA ACQUISITION ELECTRONICS .................................................. 41 2.5. CONVERSION FROM VISIBLE TO UV OPERATION .......................... 45 3. IMAGING EXTENDED AIR SHOWERS .............................................................. 47 3.1. THE WHIPPLE IMAGING TECHNIQUE ............................................... 47 3.1.1. GAMMA-RAY INITIATED AIR SHOWERS ........................... 48 3.1.2. HADRON INITIATED AIR SHOWERS .................................. .49 3.1.3. CHERENKOV RADIATION IN AIR SHOWERS ..................... 50 3.1.4. IMAGING AIR SHOWERS ....................................................... 53 3.2. ATTENUATION OF UV LIGHT BY THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE ........................................................................................ 59 3.2. L RAYLEIGH AND MIE SCATTERING ..................................... 60 3.2.2. ABSORPTION BY MOLECULAR OXYGEN AND OZONE ...................................................................................... 63 3.3. EXPECTED RATE OF GAMMA-RAY EVENT TRIGGERS .................. 69 4. UV CAMERA RESPONSE TO THE NIGHT SKy ................................................ 73 4.1. RESPONSE OF THE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES TO THE NIGHT SKy ............................................................................................. 74 4.1.1. DEFINITION OF SKY NOISE IN THE SOLAR-BLIND PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES .................................................. 77 4.1.2. PHOTOELECTRON TO DIGITAL COUNT CONVERSION FACTOR .......................................................... 80 4.1.3. SENSITIVITY OF THE UV PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES TO STAR LIGHT ......................................................... 85 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued 4.1.4. CORRELATION BETWEEN PMT NOISE AND THE PRESENCE OF THE MOON .................................................... 87 4.2. CAMERA TRIGGER RESPONSE ........................................................... 91 5. IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UV CAMERA ..................................... 98 5.1. DATA PROCESSING .............................................................................. 98 5.1.1. PMT CALIBRATION ................................................................ 100 5.1.1.1. HARDWARE PEDESTAL SUBTRACTION .............. 100 5.1.1.2. GAIN MATCHING ..................................................... 101 5.1.2. IMAGE CLEANING .................................................................. 106 5.1.3. IMAGE PARAMETERIZATION ............................................... 107 5.2. GAMMA-RAY CHARACTERIZATION ................................................. 114 5.2.1. BACKGROUND IMAGES IN THE UV .................................... 114 5.2.2. GAMMA-RAY
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gryphon: a Flexible Lunar Lander Design to Support a Semi-Permanent Lunar Outpost
    AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition AIAA 2007-6169 18 - 20 September 2007, Long Beach, California The Gryphon: A Flexible Lunar Lander Design to Support a Semi-Permanent Lunar Outpost Dale Arney1, Joseph Hickman,1 Philip Tanner,1 John Wagner,1 Marc Wilson,1 and Dr. Alan Wilhite2 Georgia Institute of Technology/National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, 23666 A lunar lander is designed to provide safe, reliable, and continuous access to the lunar surface by the year 2020. The NASA Exploration System Architecture is used to initially define the concept of operations, architecture elements, and overall system requirements. The design evaluates revolutionary concepts and technologies to improve the performance and safety of the lunar lander while minimizing the associated cost using advanced systems engineering capabilities and multi-attribute decision making techniques. The final design is a flexible (crew and/or cargo) lander with a side-mounted minimum ascent stage and a separate stage to perform lunar orbit insertion. Nomenclature ACC = Affordability and Cost Criterion AFM = Autonomous Flight Manager AHP = Analytic Hierarchy Process ALHAT = Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology ATP = Authority to Proceed AWRS = Advanced Air & Water Recovery System CDR = Critical Design Review CER = Cost Estimating Relationship CEV = Crew Exploration Vehicle CH4 = Methane DDT&E = Design, Development, Testing and Evaluation DOI = Descent Orbit Insertion DSM = Design Structure Matrix ECLSS = Environmental Control & Life Support System
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 165 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 2019 No. 187 House of Representatives The House met at 9 a.m. and was I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY HAS NO called to order by the Speaker. United States of America, and to the Repub- FACTS lic for which it stands, one nation under God, f indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. (Mr. KELLER asked and was given PRAYER f permission to address the House for 1 minute.) The Chaplain, the Reverend Patrick ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER Mr. KELLER. Madam Speaker, we J. Conroy, offered the following prayer: The SPEAKER. The Chair will enter- are now in week 2 of the ‘‘public phase’’ Eternal God, we give You thanks for tain up to five requests for 1-minute of Speaker PELOSI’s and Chairman giving us another day. Send Your spirit speeches on each side of the aisle. SCHIFF’s impeachment inquiry. of peace and calm, that all might have f What comes to mind is a song from confidence in Your faithfulness to us, 1980 by REO Speedwagon. I am not HOUSE DEMOCRATS WORK FOR and that no matter what lies ahead, going to do this any justice, but here it THE PEOPLE Your grace is abundantly available. is: ‘‘I heard it from a friend who heard Now we approach a week during (Mr. CICILLINE asked and was given it from a friend who heard it from an- which all Americans will gather to re- permission to address the House for 1 other .
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Model for Interoperability of Autonomous Systems
    Mário Rui Monteiro Marques Master of Science in Electrical Engineering [Nome completo do autor] [Habilitações Académicas] [Nome completo do autor] [Habilitações Académicas] Reference Model for Interoperability of Autonomous [Nome completo do autor] [Habilitações Académicas] Systems Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em [Título da EngenhariaTese] Eletrotécnica e de Computadores [Nome completo do autor] Orientador: Fernando Coito, [Habilitações Académicas] Prof. Associado, Dissertação para obtençãoUniversidade do Grau de Mestre Nova de em Lisboa [Engenharia Informática] [Nome completoCo-orientador do autor]: Victor Lobo, [Habilitações Académicas]Prof. Catedrático, Escola Naval Júri: [Nome completo do autor] Presidente: Prof. Doutor Jorge Teixeira, FCT-UNL [Habilitações Académicas] Arguentes: Prof. Doutor José Victor, IST Prof. Doutor António Serralheiro, AM [Nome completo do autor] Vogais: Prof. Doutor Jorge Lobo, UC [Habilitações Académicas] Prof. Doutor Aníbal Matos, FEUP Prof. Doutor José Oliveira, FCT-UNL Prof. Doutor Fernando Coito, FCT-UNL Dezembro, 2018 Reference Model for Interoperability of Autonomous Systems Copyright © Mário Rui Monteiro Marques, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. The Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia and the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa have the right, perpetual and without geographical boundaries, to file and pub- lish this dissertation through printed copies reproduced on paper or on digital form, or by any other means known or that may be invented, and to disseminate through scientific repositories and admit its copying and distribution for non- commercial, educational or research purposes, as long as credit is given to the author and editor. To Ana, Martim e Mariana for their love and full support Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Fernando Coito, and co-supervisor, Professor Victor Lobo for their guidance, patience and contribu- tion to the successful completion of this thesis work.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanity and Space
    10/17/2012!! !!!!!! Project Number: MH-1207 Humanity and Space An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by: Matthew Beck Jillian Chalke Matthew Chase Julia Rugo Professor Mayer H. Humi, Project Advisor Abstract Our IQP investigates the possible functionality of another celestial body as an alternate home for mankind. This project explores the necessary technological advances for moving forward into the future of space travel and human development on the Moon and Mars. Mars is the optimal candidate for future human colonization and a stepping stone towards humanity’s expansion into outer space. Our group concluded space travel and interplanetary exploration is possible, however international political cooperation and stability is necessary for such accomplishments. 2 Executive Summary This report provides insight into extraterrestrial exploration and colonization with regards to technology and human biology. Multiple locations have been taken into consideration for potential development, with such qualifying specifications as resources, atmospheric conditions, hazards, and the environment. Methods of analysis include essential research through online media and library resources, an interview with NASA about the upcoming Curiosity mission to Mars, and the assessment of data through mathematical equations. Our findings concerning the human aspect of space exploration state that humanity is not yet ready politically and will not be able to biologically withstand the hazards of long-term space travel. Additionally, in the field of robotics, we have the necessary hardware to implement adequate operational systems yet humanity lacks the software to implement rudimentary Artificial Intelligence. Findings regarding the physics behind rocketry and space navigation have revealed that the science of spacecraft is well-established.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Renewable Energy Resources
    Alternative Renewable Energy Resources: A Glance at The Energy of The Future An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted for completion of partial fulfillment at Worcester Polytechnic Institute for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: Kaitlyn Hess Submitted to Worcester Polytechnic Institute Advisor Professor Mayer Humi July 5th, 2019 1 Abstract The threats of climate change and energy shortage are imminent, and ones that mankind will have to confront in order to ensure the survival of our species. This project examines alternative technologies that have the potential to aid in finding a solution to these issues. It provides an in depth look into lesser known technologies that are being developed into alternative energy resources, bringing to light how essential the completion of the development of these resources are to humanity’s survival. 2 Executive Summary All over the world, people rely on energy in all aspects of everyday life. From waking up to the sound of an alarm clock, turning on the lights, and driving to work, life is truly powered by energy. The issue however, is that the demands of humanity’s current lifestyle are too great for the resources powering it. All arguments about when aside, the world is going into an energy crisis, and something must be done to save the planet. If the planet is not saved, then humans will be the next ones who need saving. Throughout this paper, different ‘out of the box’ energy resources are explored. More typically thought of reusable resources are mentioned, and the purpose of this paper is not to downplay the possibility of these current reusable resources, as they will play a big part in earth's journey to clean energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Outpost the Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Erik Seedhouse Lunar Outpost the Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon
    Lunar Outpost The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Erik Seedhouse Lunar Outpost The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Dr Erik Seedhouse, F.B.I.S., As.M.A. Milton Ontario Canada SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, M.Sc., B.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 978-0-387-09746-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934751 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Preface ............................................. xiii Acknowledgments ...................................... xvii About the author....................................... xix List of ®gures ........................................ xxi List of tables ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Seismological Monitoring of the World's First
    Appendix A Seismological Monitoring of the World’s First Nuclear Detonation— The Trinity Shot of 16 July 19451 Seismology played a modest role in the Trinity test, thereby establishing, at the very birth of the “atomic age,” a mutual interaction between seismology and nuclear testing that would become of increasing significance to both technologies as the century pro- gressed. Because the Trinity “gadget” was designed to be an atmospherically detonated military weapon for which principal damage effects were expected to be air blast and accompanying ground shock of intensities heretofore unexplored, extensive new effects data were needed to plan military applications. When the need for a full-scale test of the implosion design became clear by late 1944, Los Alamos scientists began to devise field experiments to measure both air blast and ground shock.Also, they wanted to esti- mate how each would scale with explosive energy release (yield), range, and height of burst within a principal target area (nominally, within about 20 km of ground zero). In March 1945, Herbert M. Houghton, an exploration geophysicist with Geophys- ical Research Corporation (GRC) and Tidewater Oil, was recruited to work with Los Alamos physicist, James Coon, to perfect earth shock instrumentation for the 100-ton TNT calibration rehearsal shot of 7 May 1945, as well as the unique multikiloton Trin- ity nuclear event planned for July. Houghton and Coon modified a dozen GRC Type SG-3 geophones to record both vertical and horizontal-radial components of strong ground motion at ranges between 0.75 and 8.2 km from both the calibration and nuclear shots, which were air bursts suspended on towers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Topical Index to the Main Articles in Mercury Magazine (1972 – 2019) Compiled by Andrew Fraknoi (U
    A Topical Index to the Main Articles in Mercury Magazine (1972 – 2019) Compiled by Andrew Fraknoi (U. of San Francisco) [Mar. 9, 2020] Note: This index, organized by subject matter, only covers the longer articles in the Astronomical Society of the Pacific’s popular-level magazine; it omits news notes, regular columns, Society doings, etc. Within each subject category, articles are listed in chronological order starting with the most recent one. Table of Contents Impacts Amateur Astronomy Infra-red Astronomy Archaeoastronomy Interdisciplinary Topics Asteroids Interstellar Matter Astrobiology Jupiter Astronomers Lab Activities Astronomy: General Light in Astronomy Binary Stars Light Pollution Black Holes Mars Comets Mercury Cosmic Rays Meteors and Meteorites Cosmology Moon Distances in Astronomy Nebulae Earth Neptune Eclipses Neutrinos Education in Astronomy Particle Physics & Astronomy Exoplanets Photography in Astronomy Galaxies Pluto Galaxy (The Milky Way) Pseudo-science (Debunking) Gamma-ray Astronomy Public Outreach Gravitational Lenses Pulsars and Neutron Stars Gravitational Waves Quasars and Active Galaxies History of Astronomy Radio Astronomy Humor in Astronomy Relativity and Astronomy 1 Saturn Sun SETI Supernovae & Remnants Sky Phenomena Telescopes & Observatories Societal Issues in Astronomy Ultra-violet Astronomy Solar System (General) Uranus Space Exploration Variable Stars Star Clusters Venus Stars & Stellar Evolution X-ray Astronomy _______________________________________________________________________ Amateur Astronomy Hostetter, D. Sidewalk Astronomy: Bridge to the Universe, 2013 Winter, p. 18. Fienberg, R. & Arion, D. Three Years after the International Year of Astronomy: An Update on the Galileoscope Project, 2012 Autumn, p. 22. Simmons, M. Sharing Astronomy with the World [on Astronomers without Borders], 2008 Spring, p. 14. Williams, L. Inspiration, Frame by Frame: Astro-photographer Robert Gendler, 2004 Nov/Dec, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Editorials, 155 Pages
    Why Editorials? Why some, not all? In compiling the MMM Classics volumes, with precious few exceptions, editorials were not included. Why? Yes, some addressed temporary conditions, and are of no lasting interest. But indeed, many MMM editorials through the years have addressed concerns that remain pertinent today, if indeed they are not timeless. So we have taken another look and here reprint those “In Focus” editorials that, we think, speak to conditions and issues still very relevant today. These pieces represent the editor’s opinions alone, and have never been presented as the opin- ions or policies of the Lunar Reclamation Society, the National Space Society, the Artemis Society, or the Moon Society. There are none for the first year, as we didn’t start writing editorials until MMM #11. The Topics: The relation between the Moon and Mars in Manned Space Exploration Policy is clearly the num- ber one issue addressed. What we mean by “space” difers widely among “space proponents.” This is a critical issue. Space is more than the boundary layer of Earth, a place for space stations and satellites. This is a realm already part of Earth’s “econosphere” and will take care of itself. It is the endless fron- tier, beyond that needs our attention. The endless hiatus between Apollo 17 and what we all want to come next is a key topic. There is much we can do to make the next human lunar opening a stronger and more lasting one. Asteroids, promise and threat, are looked at and put in perspective with a nearer term threat: space debris, which could end up confining humans forever on our home world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eighth Continent: a Vision for Exploration of the Moon and Beyond
    AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition AIAA 2009-6489 14 - 17 September 2009, Pasadena, California The Eighth Continent: A Vision for Exploration of the Moon and Beyond No¨elM. Bakhtian∗ and Alan H. Zorn∗ Matthew P. Maniscalcoy Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 Stellar Solutions, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306 Four decades have passed since man first set foot on the Moon. The ensuing euphoria filled us with anticipation and expectation that we would soon visit Mars, but this lofty aspiration quickly faded. Should we return to the Moon? Should we visit some other solar system destination, like Mars or an asteroid? Or should we simply not bother? Debate grows over the justification for a return to the Moon. This paper explores the benefits of pursuing future manned lunar missions for the good of all humanity and to further establish the legacy of the human race as a spacefaring species. I. Introduction A decade of national perseverence, courage, and imagination culminated in man walking on the Moon on July 21, 1969. On December 14, 1972, just over three years later, the lunar module ascent stage of Apollo 17 lifted Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt off the lunar surface | marking the last time humans would set foot on the Moon or any other celestial body. At the end of his third and last EVA on the surface, Cernan prophesized:1 ...as I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come | but we believe not too long into the future | I'd like to just (say) what I believe history will record.
    [Show full text]
  • Mission to Mars
    Mission to Mars NASA’s Artemis program will land the first woman and next man on the moon by 2024, and will use innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before. Building on what they learn from the Artemis program, they hope to take the next giant leap — sending astronauts to Mars. You can dive deeper into the Artemis program at www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis. Astronauts are allowed a few personal items to bring with them when they travel to space. You have to pack light so it can travel with you on the spaceship. What would you pack for your Why would you bring what you selected? trip to the moon — and beyond? Write or draw your answer here. Draw or make a list here. Share your special items! Take a picture of what you would pack, post it on a social media site and tag the Museum so we can see what you would take into space. www.smv.org Mission to Mars Moon Habitat Challenge For astronauts to live on the moon and Mars, NASA engineers must design a habitat that provides everything they need to survive. This is no easy feat! The moon and Mars are very different from the Earth, and without specially designed gear, people cannot survive. Among other things, the shelter must provide protection from temperature extremes on the moon, provide an atmosphere so the astronauts can breathe, sleeping quarters, food, water and waste disposal, plus protection from radiation, space dust and debris. That’s a lot of work for this habitat! The initial basecamp would be setup like a week-long camping trip, intending to be temporary.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptual Design and Flight Simulation of Space Station Missions Beyond Low Earth Orbit
    Kian Yazdi Conceptual Design and Flight Simulation of Space Station Missions beyond Low Earth Orbit Dissertation A thesis accepted by the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Geodesy of the Universität Stuttgart as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Sciences (Dr.-Ing.) by Kian Yazdi born in Teheran/Iran Main referee: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. E. Messerschmid Co-referee: apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. I. Grieger Date of defence: 10 January 2006 Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme Universität Stuttgart 2006 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 3-89963-441-1 D93 © Verlag Dr. Hut, München 2006 Sternstr. 18, 80538 München Tel.: 089/66060798 www.dr.hut-verlag.de Die Informationen in diesem Buch wurden mit großer Sorgfalt erarbeitet. Dennoch können Fehler, insbesondere bei der Beschreibung des Gefahrenpotentials von Ver- suchen, nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden. Verlag, Autoren und ggf. Über- setzer übernehmen keine juristische Verantwortung oder irgendeine Haftung für eventuell verbliebene fehlerhafte Angaben und deren Folgen. Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung in besonderen Verfahren wie fotomechanischer Nachdruck, Fotokopie, Mikrokopie, elektronische Datenaufzeichnung einschließlich Speicherung und Übertragung auf weitere Datenträger sowie Übersetzung in andere Sprachen, behält sich der Autor vor. 1. Auflage 2006 Druck und Bindung: printy, München (www.printy.de) i Abstract Conceptual Design and Flight Simulation of Space Station Missions beyond Low Earth Orbit Humans will live and work in space for the exploration and development of the solar system.
    [Show full text]