Beiträge Zur Insektenfauna Von Jamaika, Westindien (Karibik). 2

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Beiträge Zur Insektenfauna Von Jamaika, Westindien (Karibik). 2 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomologische Berichte Luzern Jahr/Year: 1998 Band/Volume: 40 Autor(en)/Author(s): Rezbanyai-Reser (auch Rezbanyai) Ladislaus Artikel/Article: Beiträge zur Insektenfauna von Jamaika, Westindien (Karibik). 2. Dickkopffalter (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). 143-150 Entomologische Berichte©Natur-Museum Luzern Luzern 40 und (1998): Entomologische S. 143-150 Gesellschaft Luzern; download www.biologiezentrum.at 143 Beiträge zur Insektenfauna von Jamaika, Westindien (Karibik). 2. Dickkopffalter (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). v o n L . R e z b a n y a i -R e s e r S U M M A R Y Contribution to the knowledge of the insect fauna of Jamaica. West Indies. 2. Skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). The skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae) recorded from Jamaica between 1992 and 1997 by regulär monitoring at Spring Garden (near Reading, west of Montego Bay) and by occasional collecting at 11 other localities in westem Jamaica are listed and discussed (for part 1, Introduction and Rhopalocera, see Re zb a n y a i -R eser 1998). Most species were noted during the day, but individuals of several species were also taken at light ( Perichares philetes G m elin was exclusively noted at light, a known phenomenon with this species!). The twenty-one species recorded represent 44.7% of those known from Jamaica. Three species had previously been recorded only very rarely from the island: Epargyreus anteus H e w it so n , Cabares potrillo L uca s and Phocides perkinsae Ka y e . Several species are new for St. James County, the area around Montego Bay and for Reading. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dieser zweiten Veröffentlichung einer geplanten Publikationsreihe werden die auf Jamaika 1992-97 bei regelmässigen Untersuchungen in Spring Garden (nahe Reading, westlich Montego Bay) und bei gelegentli­ chen Fängen an 11 weiteren Orten West-Jamaikas festgestellten Dickkopffalter (Hesperiidae) aufgelistet und kurz besprochen (Einleitung und Rhopalocera siehe in Re zb a n y a i -R eser 1998). Insgesamt konnten 21 Hesperiiden-Arten nachgewiesen werden (44,7% aller bekannter Arten von Jamaika). Die meisten Dickkopffalter sind bei Tagfängen registriert worden, wobei vereinzelt mehrere Arten auch am Licht festgestellt wurden (. Perichares philetes G m elin sogar ausschliesslich am Licht, wie dies bei dieser Art auch früher schon bekannt war!). Unter den 21 Arten befinden sich keine, die für die Fauna Jamaikas neu wären, dafür jedoch drei, die von der Insel bisher nur selten gemeldet worden sind ( Epargyreus anteus H ew it so n , Cabares potrillo Luca s und Phocides perkinsae Ka y e ). Mehrere Arten sind neu für den Landeskreis St.James, oder für die Umgebung von Montego Bay bzw. für Reading. 1. EINLEITUNG In den Jahren 1992-97 sind im westlichen Teil der Karibischen Insel Jamaika, vor allem bei Spring Garden, nahe Reading (westlich Montego Bay, St.James), durch den Verfasser ver­ schiedene Insekten gesammelt worden. Als Methoden wurden Tagfang mit Netz, sowie Lichtfang (persönlich, aber auch mit einer trichterförmigen Lichtfalle) angewandt. Die Tag­ fänge beschränkten sich auf die Aufenthalte des Verfassers in Jamaika, und zwar insgesamt auf ca. 25 Wochen, auf die Monate Februar, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Okto­ ber und November unregelmässig verteilt (vgl. Tab.3). Persönliche Lichtfänge und Lichtfal­ lenfang sind vor allem 1995-97 durch Ortsansässige auch ausserhalb dieser Zeiten zum Teil regelmässig durchgefuhrt worden. ©Natur-Museum Luzern und Entomologische Gesellschaft Luzern; download www.biologiezentrum.at 144 R e z b a n y a i -R e s e r , L.: Zur Insektenfauna von Jamaika. 2. Dickkopffalter Ausführlicher über verschiedene Einzelheiten, wie allgemeine Bemerkungen über Jamaika, Beschreibung der Untersuchungsgebiete mitsamt Vegetation, Beschreibung der Sammelme­ thoden mit genauen Angaben zu den Zeiträumen der Aufsammlungen, Danksagungen und die Auswertung der Fundangaben der 55 festgestellten Tagfalter-Arten (Rhopalocera) siehe in der Publikation Rezbanyai-Reser 1998. In dieser zweiten Veröffentlichung einer geplanten Publikationsreihe werden die bei den regelmässigen Untersuchungen in Spring Garden und bei gelegentlichen Fängen an 11 wei­ teren Orten West-Jamaikas festgestellten 21 Dickkopffalter-Arten (Hesperiidae) aufgelistet und kurz besprochen. 2. DISKUSSION Die in Spring Garden nachgewiesenen 21 Dickkopfalter-Arten sind in Tabelle 3 zusammenge­ fasst. Als System und Nomenklatur werden Brown & Heineman 1972, sowie S m ith , M iller & M iller 1994 gefolgt. Die Anzahl 21 ergibt 44,7% der von Brow n & Heineman aufgeführten 47 Dickkopffalter-Arten Jamaikas. In Anbetracht der relativ kleinen Untersu­ chungsfläche (ca. 200x300m) und der beschränkten Untersuchungsdauer (ca. 25 Wochen) ist dieses Ergebnis ziemlich beachtenswert. Die Fundangaben von den weiteren 11 Orten befinden sich in Tab.4 (in Tab.3 lediglich Hinweise darauf). Überraschenderweise bestehen diese Ausbeuten lediglich aus 7 Arten, und unter ihnen befindet sich keine einzige, die in Spring Garden nicht nachgewiesen wor­ den ist. Einerseits sind etliche Dickkopffalter-Arten wegen der relativ geringen Grösse der Insel (11 ’650km2, Länge 230km, Breite 79km) offensichtlich sehr weit und in allen möglichen natürlichen Lebensräumen verbreitet. Andererseits fanden diese Aufsammlungen ausser­ halb von Spring Garden nur an wenigen Orten, nur auf den westlichen Teil Jamaikas be­ schränkt und nur jeweils für kurze Zeit statt. In Spring Garden konnten mehrere Arten nur im kultivierten Garten nachgewiesen werden, und zwar meist an Blüten von Gartenpflanzen saugend. Unter ihnen erwiesen sich einige als äusserst selten. Vor allem die grösseren Arten waren meist nur sehr schwer zu erbeuten, was aber nicht zu vermeiden war, weil die Bestimmung lediglich aufgrund der Beobachtung des lebenden Falters bei den meisten Arten sehr unzuverlässig gewesen wäre. Zur qualitativen Beurteilung der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse stehen mir nur die in BROW N & H e i n e m a n 1972, also vor mehr als 25 Jahren zusammengefassten, aber äusserst ausführli­ chen Verbreitungsangaben der einzelnen Dickkopffalter-Arten auf Jamaika zur Verfügung. Es ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass seit dem auch weitere Fundangaben bekannt geworden sind. Unter den 21 nachgewiesenen Arten gibt es keine einzige, die für die Fauna von Jamaika neu wäre. In der Fangliste befinden sich jedoch einige wenige Arten, die nach Brow n & Hein­ e m a n 1972 auf Jamaika nur selten gefunden worden sind, wie vor allem Epargyreus anteus (HEWITSON), Cabares potrillo (LU C A S) und Phocides lincea perkinsi (K A Y E). Von diesen wurde C.potrillo in Spring Garden in Anzahl nachgewiesen, die anderen jedoch tatsächlich nur ganz vereinzelt (perkinsae) oder lediglich in einem einzigen Exemplar {anteus). Entomologische Berichte Luzern 40 (1998) 145 Foto 1: Jamaikanische Dickkopffalterarten von neotropischem Herkunft (endemische Art** oder Unter­ art* in Jamaica). ©Natur-Museum1: **Phocides Luzern und perkinsae Entomologische (K Gesellschafta y e ), 2: Luzern; *Polygonus download leowww.biologiezentrum.at hagar Ev a n s , 3: *Chioides catillus churchi B e ll & C o m st o c k , 4: Urbanus proteus domingo (S c u d d er ), 5: *Achlyodes mithridates mithridates (F a b r ic iu s ), 6: Perichares philetes (G m elin ). ©Natur-Museum Luzern und Entomologische Gesellschaft Luzern; download www.biologiezentrum.at 146 R e z b a n y a i -R e s e r , L.. Zur Insektenfauna von Jamaika. 2. Dickkopffalter Einige wenige weitere Arten können im Vergleich zu BROWN & Heinem an 1972 jedoch mindestens als neue Arten für den Landeskreis St.James gemeldet werden, und zwar Achlyo­ des mithridates (FABRICIUS), Synapte malitiosa H.-Sch. und Pyrrhocalles jamaicensis (SCHAUS). Da in Brown & Heineman 1972 zahlreiche Arten auch mit den Fundortangaben “Montego Bay” und “Reading” aufgeführt sind, kann festgestellt werden, dass eine Anzahl Hesperi- iden in der Umgebung von Montego Bay bzw. von Reading offensichtlich jetzt zum ersten Mal gefunden worden sind: Neu für die weitere Umgebung von Montego Bay sind Achlyodes mithridates (FABRICIUS), Synapte malitiosa H.-Sch. und Pyrrhocalles jamaicensis (SC H A U S). Aus Reading sind in B row n & HEINEMAN 1972 lediglich 5 Hesperiiden-Arten erwähnt (Urbanus proteus, Pyrgus oileus, Panoquina sylvicola, Wallengrenia vesuria und Phoci­ des perkinsae). Sie sind auch in Spring Garden nachgewiesen worden. Die anderen 16 Arten, die in dieser Publikation aus Spring Garden erwähnten werden, sind also neu für die Fauna der weiteren Umgebung von Reading. Auch für den Landeskreis St.Elizabeth liegt eine Neumeldung vor, und zwar Achlyodes mithridates F., die in der Nähe von Black River am 5. VIII. 1992 in mehreren Exemplaren festge­ stellt worden ist. Für einen europäischen Lepidopterologen scheint die Zusammensetzung dieser Hesperi- iden-Ausbeute sehr interessant zu sein. Es handelt sich einerseits um Arten, die durchaus nicht fremdartig wirken, weil sie irgendeiner palaearktischen Dickkopffalterart zum Teil sehr ähnlich sehen (Foto 4), andererseits um viel grössere, zum Teil "geschwänzte" Arten, die eindeutig in der neotropischen Region (Südamerika) ihren Ursprung haben (Foto 1). Manche andere Arten sind nearktischen (nordamerikanischen) Hesperiiden ähnlich (Foto 2), und die endemische Art Pyrrhocalles jamaicensis (SC H A U S) (Foto 3) sieht wiederum wie eine palae- arktische aus, aber in einer stark vergrösserten "Ausgabe" Von den 21 nachgewiesenen Arten
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