Butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge

How to Use This Checklist Whites and Sulphurs __Aquamarine Hrstrk Oenomaus ortygnus X The butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Family: Pieridae __Gray Hairstreak Strymon melinus A Refuge are mainly tropical, with many species As their common name suggests, whites and __Rd-cres. Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon rufofusca R occurring only as occasional migrants or transients sulphurs show shades of white, yellow, or yellowish- __Rd-lined Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon bebrycia R from Mexico. green. Most have subtle reddish or white markings __Yojoa Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon yojoa O This checklist is arranged according to the on their underside. They can be large to small __White Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon albata R North American Butterfly Association Checklist but most are mid-sized. The caterpillars tend to __Lacey’s Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon alea R and English Names of North American Butterflies. be green and cylindrical. Host plants are mostly __Mallow Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon columella C Data for this checklist were compiled by Edward Brassicaceae (mustard family) for whites and __Tailless Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon cestri O __Ruddy Hrstrk Electrostrymon sangala R C. Knudson. Jeffrey Glassberg also commented on Fabaceae (bean family) for sulphurs. Adults are __Muted Hairstreak Electrostrymon canus X the list, and Mike Quinn made most final decisions often seen drinking on damp earth, an activity __Dusky-blue Groundstrk Calycopis isobeon C for abundance codes. Recent taxonomic changes are refered to as “mud puddling.” Lyside Sulphurs __Red-spotted Hairstreak Tmolus echion X indicated with the former taxon in parentheses. sometimes migrate in huge numbers. __Pearly-gray Hairstreak Siderus tephraeus X Not enough is yet known about the lepidoptera Whites __Clytie Ministreak Ministrymon clytie U (butterflies) of Santa Ana NWR to permit the Subfamily: Pierinae __Gray Ministreak Ministrymon azia R inclusion of seasonal distribution, but in general, __Florida White Appias drusilla RBlues butterflies tend to be more abundant in the late __Checkered White Pontia protodice CSubfamily: Polyommatinae summer and fall. __Cabbage White Pieris rapae R__Western Pygmy-Blue Brephidium exilis C __Great Southern White Ascia monuste C__Cassius Blue Leptotes cassius O Occurrence __Giant White Ganyra josephina U __Marine Blue Leptotes marina O The relative abundance or rarity of species __Falcate Orangetip Anthocharis midea O__Cyna Blue Zizula cyna R is indicated by the table below. Please note that Sulphurs __Ceraunus Blue Hemiargus ceraunus C insect abundance can be highly variable especially Subfamily: Coliadinae __Reakirt’s Blue Hemiargus isola C in regions such as South Texas where prolonged __Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme U __Eastern Tailed-Blue Everes comyntas R droughts are often followed by widespread __Southern Dogface Colias cesonia C heavy rains. __White Angled-Sulphur Anteos clorinde OMetalmarks A - Abundant­–Occurring year-round __Yellow Angled-Sulphur Anteos maerula OFamily: Riodinidae in large to very large numbers. __Cloudless Sulphur Phoebis sennae AThis family of mostly small butterflies is closely C - Common–Occurring most of the year in __Orange-barred Sulphur Phoebis philea Urelated to the gossamer-winged butterflies. Many moderate to occasionally large numbers. __Large Orange Sulphur Phoebis agarithe C have silvery metalic markings paralleling the wing U - Uncommon–Seasonal, occurring __Statira Sulphur Phoebis statira Rmargins. Most are finely patterned with dark in small to moderate numbers __Lyside Sulphur Kricogonia lyside Amarkings on an orange to brownish background. O - Occasional–Probably not present every __Barred Yellow Eurema daira RTropical members of this family can be brilliantly year, but occasionally present in __Boisduval’s Yellow Eurema boisduvaliana R patterned. Caterpillars are sluglike and usually moderate numbers. __Mexican Yellow Eurema mexicana Ufeed on trees or shrubs. Adult metalmarks don’t R - Rare–Not usually present; when __Salome Yellow Eurema salome Xwander, but instead perch near their host plants, found, only in small numbers. __Tailed Orange Eurema proterpia Ugenerally on the underside of leaves. X - Accidental–Recorded only once __Little Yellow Eurema lisa U__Fatal Metalmark Calephilis nemesis C or twice, probably as a stray. __Mimosa Yellow Eurema nise C__Rndd Metal. Calephilis perditalis C __Dina Yellow Eurema dina X__Rawson’s Metalmark Calephelis rawsoni X Swallowtails __Sleepy Orange Eurema nicippe C__Red-bordered Metalmark Caria ino U Family: Papilionidae __Dainty Sulphur Nathalis iole C__Blue Metalmark Lasaia sula R Largest of our butterflies, swallowtails are Mimic-Whites __Red-bordered Pixie Melanis pixe U recognized by the “tails” on their hind wings. The Subfamily: Dismorphiinae __Curve-winged Metalmark Emesis emesis R background color is black with yellow and/or blue ___Costa-spttd Mimic-Wht Enantia albania X__Falcate Metalmark Emesis tenedia R markings. Adults visit flowers for nectar and hover __Nar.-wnged Mtlmrk Apodemia multiplaga X above the flower instead of resting all their weight Gossamer-Wing Butterflies __Walker’s Metalmark Apodemia walkeri R on it. Males of most species patrol for mates, while Family: Lycaenidae others perch on hilltops. Most caterpillars have These are small to medium-sized butterflies. The Brush-footed Butterflies prominent “eyespots;” all have an osmeterium, blue subfamily has blue on the upper wing surfaces. Family: Nymphalidae a foul-smelling forked-organ thought to repel The hairstreak subfamily has hair-like filaments Brush-footed butterflies are the largest and most predators. Many larvae feed on Rutaceae (citrus coming off the hind wings. Gossamer-winged diverse family. There are more species in this family family) or Apiaceae (carrot family). butterflies hold the wings over the back when at than any other. Browns, oranges, yellows, and __Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor Crest. Caterpillars are sluglike. Caterpillars of blues blacks are the most common colors. This family’s __Polydamas Swallowtail Battus polydamas R and hairstreaks possess honeydew glands, which unifying characteristic, except for the snouts, is the __Dark Kite-Swllwtl Eurytides philolaus Xprovide food for ants. The ants, in exchange, protect reduced forelegs of both the males and females. The __Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes Uthe caterpilllars from predators. host plants include many families, ranging from __Thoas Swallowtail Papilio thoas R Hairstreaks trees, shrubs, and vines to annuals. Caterpillars are __Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes ASubfamily: Theclinae usually spiny. Adults of some groups feed on nectar, __Ornythion Swallowtail Papilio ornythion R__Strophius Hairstrk Allosmaitia strophius R while others never visit flowers but instead feed __Broad-banded Swllwtl Papilio astyalus R__Great Purple Hairstreak Atlides halesus Uon sap, rotting fruit, carrion, or even dung. Some __Gold-bordered Hairstreak Rekoa palegon Xfield guides split this family into separate smaller __Marius Hairstrk Rekoa marius (=spurina) R families. Snouts have regular population explosions __Black Hairstreak Ocaria ocrisia X usually coincident with wide spread heavy rains __Sil.-bndd hrstrk Chlorostrymon simaethis U __Clench’s Grnstrk Cyanophrys miserabilis R ending a prolonged drought. Monarchs deserve __Goodson’s Grnstrk Cyanophrys goodsoni Rspecial recognition as the world’s only insect __Tropical Grnstrk Cyanophrys herodotus Xto make a continent-wide migration, returning __Xami Hairstreak Callophrys xami Rannually to their centralized overwintering location. Snouts Emperors __Stallings’ Flat Celaenorrhinus stallingsi X Subfamily: Libytheinae Subfamily: Apaturinae __Falcate Skipper Spathilepia clonius R __American Snout Libytheana carinenta __Hackberry Emperor Asterocampa celtis __Mimosa Skipper Cogia calchas C (includes bachmanni and motya) A (includes antonia) U__Acacia Skipper Cogia hippalus X Heliconians and Fritillaries __Empress Leilia Asterocampa leilia C__Starred Skipper Arteurotia tractipennis X Subfamily: Heliconiinae __Tawny Emperor Asterocampa cyton __Purplish-blk Skipper Nisoniades rubescens X __Gulf Fritillary Agraulis vanillae A (includes louisa) A__Confused Pellicia Pellicia angra X __Mexican Silverspot Dione moneta U__Pavon Emperor Doxocopa pavon R__Glazed Pellicia Pellicia arina U __Banded Or. Heliconian Dryadula phaetusa X __Silver Emperor Doxocopa laure R__Morning Glory Pellicia dimidiata O __Julia (Heliconian) Dryas iulia USatyrs __Mottled Bolla Bolla clytius R __Isabella’s Heliconian Eueides isabella RSubfamily: Satyrinae __Gold-headed Scallopwing Staphylus ceos R __Zebra (Heliconian) Heliconius charitonia C ___Gemmed Satyr Cyllopsis gemma U__Mazan’s Scallopwing Staphylus mazans U __Erato Heliconian Heliconius erato R___Carol.Hermeuptychia sosybius C __Variegatd Skppr Gorgythion vox begga X __Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia UMonarchs __Blue-studded Skipper Sostrata bifasciata X __Mexican Fritillary Euptoieta hegesia OSubfamily: Danainae __Hoary Skipper Carrhenes canescens R True Brush-foots __Monarch Danaus plexippus U__Glassy-winged Skppr Xenophanes tryxus R Subfamily: Nymphalinae __Queen Danaus gilippus A__TX Powderd-Skppr Systasea pulverulenta O __Theona Checkerspot Thessalia theona U__Soldier Danaus eresimus U__Sickle-winged Skipper __Bordered Patch Chlosyne lacinia C Achlyodes mithridates (=thraso) A __Definite PatchChlosyne definita OSkippers __Hermit Skipper Grais stigmaticus R __Banded Patch Chlosyne endeis RFamily: Hesperiidae __Brn-bndd Skp Timochares ruptifasciatus O __Crimson Patch Chlosyne janais RSkippers are small butterflies with stout bodies. __White-patched Skipper Chiomara asychis U __Rosita Patch Chlosyne rosita RThey resemble day-flying moths, but unlike moths, __Mournful Duskywing Erynnis tristis R __Elf Microtia elva X they have “club-shaped” antennae. Common wing __Funereal Duskywing Erynnis funeralis C __Elada Checkerspot Texola elada Ucolors include orange, brown, black, and white. A few __Com Checkered-Skppr Pyrgus communis A __Texan Crescent Phyciodes texana texana Chave patches of iridescence. Flight is often rapid, __Tropl Checkered-Skipper Pyrgus oileus A __Pale-banded Crescent Phyciodes tulcis Rperching posture is unique and the hindwings are __Dest Checkered-Skipper Pyrgus philetas O __Black Crescent Phyciodes ptolyca Xopened at a wider angle than the forewings. Many __Erichson’s Wh-Skppr Heliopetes domicella R __Vesta Crescent Phyciodes vesta Cof North America’s skippers are from the tropical __Laviana White-Skipper Heliopetes laviana C __Phaon Crescent Phyciodes phaon Cregion, ranging just into south Texas. Spread-winged __Turk’s-cap Wh-Skipper Heliopetes macaira U __Pearl Crescent Phyciodes tharos CSkipper caterpillars feed on broad-leafed plants. __Common Streaky-Skipper Celotes nessus O __Question Mark Polygonia interrogationis UGrass Skippers feed on grasses and their allies. __Common Sootywing Pholisora catullus U __American Lady Vanessa virginiensis UBoth sub-families of caterpillars feed within rolled Grass Skippers __Painted Lady Vanessa cardui Uleaf shelters, which reduces their vulnerability to Subfamily: Hesperiinae __Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Upredators. Guinea Grass, an introduced invasive __Malicious Skipper Synapte malitiosa R __Common Buckeye Junonia coenia Uspecies, is displacing native grasses that are host __Salenus Skipper Synapte salenus X __Dk Buckeye Junonia coenia nigrosuffusa U plants of Grass Skippers. This is causing a decline in __Redundant Skipper Corticea corticea R __Mangrove Buckeye Junonia evarate Opopulation of this group of butterflies. __Violet-ptchd Skppr Monca telata tyrtaeus R __Tropical Buckeye Junonia genoveva RSpread-wing Skippers __Julia’s Skipper Nastra julia U __White Peacock Anartia jatrophae CSubfamily: Pyrginae __Fawn-spotted Skipper Cymaenes odilia U __Banded Peacock Anartia fatima R__Guava Phocides polybius O__Clouded Skipper Lerema accius A __Malachite Siproeta stelenes U__Mercurial Skipper Proteides mercurius X__Liris Skipper Lerema liris X Admirals and Relatives __Broken Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus X__Fantastic Skipper Vettius fantasos X Subfamily: Limenitidinae __Hammock Skipper Polygonus leo R__Grn-backed Ruby-eye Perichares philetes R __Red-spotted Purple __White-striped Longtail Chioides catillus U__Osca Skipper Rhinthon osca X Limenitis arthemis arizonensis R__Zilpa Longtail Chioides zilpa U__Double-dotted Skipper Decinea percosius R __Viceroy Limenitis archippus R__Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna asander O__Hidden-ray Skipper Conga chydaea X __Band-celled Sister Adelpha fessonia R__Emerald Aguna Aguna claxon X__Least Skipper Ancyloxpha numitor R __Common Banner Epiphile adrasta R__Tailed Aguna Aguna metophis R__Or Skipperling Copaeodes aurantiacus O __Mexican Bluewing Myscelia ethusa U__Mexican Longtail Polythrix mexicana X__Southern Skipperling Copaeodes minima U __Dingy Purplewing Eunica monima R__Eght-spttd Longtl Polythrix octomaculata R __Fiery Skipper Hylephila phyleus A __Florida Purplewing Eunica tatila R__Wh-crescent Longtail Codatractus alcaeus X __Whirlabout Polites vibex A __Blue-eyed Sailor Dynamine dyonis R__Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus proteus U__Southern Broken-Dash Wallengrenia otho C __Common Mestra Mestra amymone C__Pronus Longtail Urbanus pronus X__Sachem Atalopedes campestris C __Red Rim Biblis hyperia O__Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus X __Common Mellana Quasimellana eulogius O __Red Cracker Hamadryas amphinome X__Dorantes Longtail Urbanus dorantes U__Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris (=ruricola) U __Gray Cracker Hamadryas februa O__Teleus Longtail Urbanus teleus U__Nysa Roadside-Skppr Amblyscirtes nysa U __Variable Cracker Hamadryas feronia X__Tanna Longtail Urbanus tanna X__Celia’s Roadside-Skppr Amblyscirtes celia C __Guat. Cracker Hamadryas guatemalena X__Plain Longtail Urbanus simplicius X__Eufala Skipper Lerodea eufala C __Karwinski’s Beauty Smyrna karwinskii X__Brown Longtail Urbanus procne U__Olive-clouded Skipper Lerodea dysaules R __Blomfild’s BeautySmyrna blomfildia X__White-tailed Longtail Urbanus doryssus R__Brazilian Skipper Calpodes ethlius U __Waitr Dggr. Marpesia zerynthia(=coresia) X __Two-barred Flasher Astrapes fulgerator U__Obscure Skppr Panoquina panoquinoides O __Many-banded Dggrwng Marpesia chiron R__Small-spotted Flasher Astrapes egregius X__Ocola Skipper Panoquina ocola C __Ruddy Daggerwing Marpesia petreus R__Frosted Flasher Astrapes alardus X__Hecebolus Skipper Panoquina hecebola R Leafwings __Gilbert’s Flasher Astrapes gilberti X__Purp-washed Skpper Panoquina sylvicola U Subfamily: Charaxinae __Yellow-tipped Flasher Astrapes anaphus R__Evan’s Skipper Panoquina fusina R __Tropical Leafwing Anaea aidea U__Coyote Cloudywing Achalarus toxeus O__Violet-banded Skipper Nyctelius nyctelius U __Goatweed Leafwing Anaea andria O__Potrillo Skipper Cabares potrillo O__Chestnut-mrkd Skppr Thespieus macareus X __Angled Leafwing Anaea glycerium X__Fritzgaetner’s Flat __Pale-spotted Leafwing Anaea pithyusa R Celaenorrhinus fritzgaetneri X October 2008