Butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge How to Use This Checklist Whites and Sulphurs __Aquamarine Hrstrk Oenomaus ortygnus X The butterflies of Santa Ana National Wildlife Family: Pieridae __Gray Hairstreak Strymon melinus A Refuge are mainly tropical, with many species As their common name suggests, whites and __Rd-cres. Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon rufofusca R occurring only as occasional migrants or transients sulphurs show shades of white, yellow, or yellowish- __Rd-lined Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon bebrycia R from Mexico. green. Most have subtle reddish or white markings __Yojoa Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon yojoa O This checklist is arranged according to the on their underside. They can be large to small __White Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon albata R North American Butterfly Association Checklist but most are mid-sized. The caterpillars tend to __Lacey’s Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon alea R and English Names of North American Butterflies. be green and cylindrical. Host plants are mostly __Mallow Scrub-Hrstrk Strymon columella C Data for this checklist were compiled by Edward Brassicaceae (mustard family) for whites and __Tailless Scrub-Hairstreak Strymon cestri O __Ruddy Hrstrk Electrostrymon sangala R C. Knudson. Jeffrey Glassberg also commented on Fabaceae (bean family) for sulphurs. Adults are __Muted Hairstreak Electrostrymon canus X the list, and Mike Quinn made most final decisions often seen drinking on damp earth, an activity __Dusky-blue Groundstrk Calycopis isobeon C for abundance codes. Recent taxonomic changes are refered to as “mud puddling.” Lyside Sulphurs __Red-spotted Hairstreak Tmolus echion X indicated with the former taxon in parentheses. sometimes migrate in huge numbers. __Pearly-gray Hairstreak Siderus tephraeus X Not enough is yet known about the lepidoptera Whites __Clytie Ministreak Ministrymon clytie U (butterflies) of Santa Ana NWR to permit the Subfamily: Pierinae __Gray Ministreak Ministrymon azia R inclusion of seasonal distribution, but in general, __Florida White Appias drusilla RBlues butterflies tend to be more abundant in the late __Checkered White Pontia protodice CSubfamily: Polyommatinae summer and fall. __Cabbage White Pieris rapae R__Western Pygmy-Blue Brephidium exilis C __Great Southern White Ascia monuste C__Cassius Blue Leptotes cassius O Occurrence __Giant White Ganyra josephina U __Marine Blue Leptotes marina O The relative abundance or rarity of species __Falcate Orangetip Anthocharis midea O__Cyna Blue Zizula cyna R is indicated by the table below. Please note that Sulphurs __Ceraunus Blue Hemiargus ceraunus C insect abundance can be highly variable especially Subfamily: Coliadinae __Reakirt’s Blue Hemiargus isola C in regions such as South Texas where prolonged __Orange Sulphur Colias eurytheme U __Eastern Tailed-Blue Everes comyntas R droughts are often followed by widespread __Southern Dogface Colias cesonia C heavy rains. __White Angled-Sulphur Anteos clorinde OMetalmarks A - Abundant –Occurring year-round __Yellow Angled-Sulphur Anteos maerula OFamily: Riodinidae in large to very large numbers. __Cloudless Sulphur Phoebis sennae AThis family of mostly small butterflies is closely C - Common–Occurring most of the year in __Orange-barred Sulphur Phoebis philea Urelated to the gossamer-winged butterflies. Many moderate to occasionally large numbers. __Large Orange Sulphur Phoebis agarithe C have silvery metalic markings paralleling the wing U - Uncommon–Seasonal, occurring __Statira Sulphur Phoebis statira Rmargins. Most are finely patterned with dark in small to moderate numbers __Lyside Sulphur Kricogonia lyside Amarkings on an orange to brownish background. O - Occasional–Probably not present every __Barred Yellow Eurema daira RTropical members of this family can be brilliantly year, but occasionally present in __Boisduval’s Yellow Eurema boisduvaliana R patterned. Caterpillars are sluglike and usually moderate numbers. __Mexican Yellow Eurema mexicana Ufeed on trees or shrubs. Adult metalmarks don’t R - Rare–Not usually present; when __Salome Yellow Eurema salome Xwander, but instead perch near their host plants, found, only in small numbers. __Tailed Orange Eurema proterpia Ugenerally on the underside of leaves. X - Accidental–Recorded only once __Little Yellow Eurema lisa U__Fatal Metalmark Calephilis nemesis C or twice, probably as a stray. __Mimosa Yellow Eurema nise C__Rndd Metal. Calephilis perditalis C __Dina Yellow Eurema dina X__Rawson’s Metalmark Calephelis rawsoni X Swallowtails __Sleepy Orange Eurema nicippe C__Red-bordered Metalmark Caria ino U Family: Papilionidae __Dainty Sulphur Nathalis iole C__Blue Metalmark Lasaia sula R Largest of our butterflies, swallowtails are Mimic-Whites __Red-bordered Pixie Melanis pixe U recognized by the “tails” on their hind wings. The Subfamily: Dismorphiinae __Curve-winged Metalmark Emesis emesis R background color is black with yellow and/or blue ___Costa-spttd Mimic-Wht Enantia albania X__Falcate Metalmark Emesis tenedia R markings. Adults visit flowers for nectar and hover __Nar.-wnged Mtlmrk Apodemia multiplaga X above the flower instead of resting all their weight Gossamer-Wing Butterflies __Walker’s Metalmark Apodemia walkeri R on it. Males of most species patrol for mates, while Family: Lycaenidae others perch on hilltops. Most caterpillars have These are small to medium-sized butterflies. The Brush-footed Butterflies prominent “eyespots;” all have an osmeterium, blue subfamily has blue on the upper wing surfaces. Family: Nymphalidae a foul-smelling forked-organ thought to repel The hairstreak subfamily has hair-like filaments Brush-footed butterflies are the largest and most predators. Many larvae feed on Rutaceae (citrus coming off the hind wings. Gossamer-winged diverse family. There are more species in this family family) or Apiaceae (carrot family). butterflies hold the wings over the back when at than any other. Browns, oranges, yellows, and __Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor Crest. Caterpillars are sluglike. Caterpillars of blues blacks are the most common colors. This family’s __Polydamas Swallowtail Battus polydamas R and hairstreaks possess honeydew glands, which unifying characteristic, except for the snouts, is the __Dark Kite-Swllwtl Eurytides philolaus Xprovide food for ants. The ants, in exchange, protect reduced forelegs of both the males and females. The __Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes Uthe caterpilllars from predators. host plants include many families, ranging from __Thoas Swallowtail Papilio thoas R Hairstreaks trees, shrubs, and vines to annuals. Caterpillars are __Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes ASubfamily: Theclinae usually spiny. Adults of some groups feed on nectar, __Ornythion Swallowtail Papilio ornythion R__Strophius Hairstrk Allosmaitia strophius R while others never visit flowers but instead feed __Broad-banded Swllwtl Papilio astyalus R__Great Purple Hairstreak Atlides halesus Uon sap, rotting fruit, carrion, or even dung. Some __Gold-bordered Hairstreak Rekoa palegon Xfield guides split this family into separate smaller __Marius Hairstrk Rekoa marius (=spurina) R families. Snouts have regular population explosions __Black Hairstreak Ocaria ocrisia X usually coincident with wide spread heavy rains __Sil.-bndd hrstrk Chlorostrymon simaethis U __Clench’s Grnstrk Cyanophrys miserabilis R ending a prolonged drought. Monarchs deserve __Goodson’s Grnstrk Cyanophrys goodsoni Rspecial recognition as the world’s only insect __Tropical Grnstrk Cyanophrys herodotus Xto make a continent-wide migration, returning __Xami Hairstreak Callophrys xami Rannually to their centralized overwintering location. Snouts Emperors __Stallings’ Flat Celaenorrhinus stallingsi X Subfamily: Libytheinae Subfamily: Apaturinae __Falcate Skipper Spathilepia clonius R __American Snout Libytheana carinenta __Hackberry Emperor Asterocampa celtis __Mimosa Skipper Cogia calchas C (includes bachmanni and motya) A (includes antonia) U__Acacia Skipper Cogia hippalus X Heliconians and Fritillaries __Empress Leilia Asterocampa leilia C__Starred Skipper Arteurotia tractipennis X Subfamily: Heliconiinae __Tawny Emperor Asterocampa cyton __Purplish-blk Skipper Nisoniades rubescens X __Gulf Fritillary Agraulis vanillae A (includes louisa) A__Confused Pellicia Pellicia angra X __Mexican Silverspot Dione moneta U__Pavon Emperor Doxocopa pavon R__Glazed Pellicia Pellicia arina U __Banded Or. Heliconian Dryadula phaetusa X __Silver Emperor Doxocopa laure R__Morning Glory Pellicia dimidiata O __Julia (Heliconian) Dryas iulia USatyrs __Mottled Bolla Bolla clytius R __Isabella’s Heliconian Eueides isabella RSubfamily: Satyrinae __Gold-headed Scallopwing Staphylus ceos R __Zebra (Heliconian) Heliconius charitonia C ___Gemmed Satyr Cyllopsis gemma U__Mazan’s Scallopwing Staphylus mazans U __Erato Heliconian Heliconius erato R___Carol.Hermeuptychia sosybius C __Variegatd Skppr Gorgythion vox begga X __Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia UMonarchs __Blue-studded Skipper Sostrata bifasciata X __Mexican Fritillary Euptoieta hegesia OSubfamily: Danainae __Hoary Skipper Carrhenes canescens R True Brush-foots __Monarch Danaus plexippus U__Glassy-winged Skppr Xenophanes tryxus R Subfamily: Nymphalinae __Queen Danaus gilippus A__TX Powderd-Skppr Systasea pulverulenta O __Theona Checkerspot Thessalia theona U__Soldier Danaus eresimus U__Sickle-winged Skipper __Bordered Patch Chlosyne lacinia C Achlyodes mithridates (=thraso) A __Definite Patch Chlosyne definita OSkippers __Hermit Skipper Grais stigmaticus R __Banded