DOCSLIB.ORG

National Security Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Security Review MILITARY NATIONAL SECURITY SERVICE Issue 2/2020 NATIONAL SECURITY REVIEW BUDAPEST Scientific Periodical of the Military National Security Service Responsible Publisher: Lt. Gen. János Béres, PhD Director General Chairman of the Scientific Board Editorial Board Chairman: Lt. Gen. János Béres, PhD Members: Col. Tamás Kenedli, PhD Secretary of the Scientific Board Col. Sándor Magyar, PhD Col. Károly Kassai PhD Col. Zoltán Árpád Lt. Col. Csaba Vida, PhD Lt. Col. János Fürjes Norbert, PhD Lt. Col. Béla Puskás, PhD Col. István Talián Responsible editor: Col. István Talián Make-up editor: Ms. Beatrix Szabó Language editor: Col(ret). Mihály Szabó Postal Address: Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat Tudományos Tanácsa 1021 Budapest, Budakeszi út 99-101. 1525 Budapest, Pf. 74 E-mail: [email protected] Webpage: http://www.knbsz.gov.hu TABLE OF CONTENTS THEORY OF NATIONAL SECURITY FAISAL WARIKAT THE ROOT CAUSES OF TERRORISM IN THE MUSLIM WORLD.…………... ................................................................................... 5 ABDOUSS MOHAMED THE GEOPOLITICAL AMALGAMATION OF MIXED- MIGRATION THROUGH SPANISH ENCLAVES OF ‘CEUTA AND MELILLA’ ................................................................................................ 23 ZSOLT FEJES – SÁNDOR MIHÓK THE ROLE OF MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC............................................................................................... 37 ATTILA NÉMETH – SÁNDOR MAGYAR AN INVESTIGATION OF DATA USED TO SUPPORT CONTACT TRACING TO CURB THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC FROM THE ASPECT OF POSSIBLE NATIONAL SECURITY APPLICATION (PART 1) ....................................................................... 52 ISTVÁN BANDI ON THE ACCESS TO SECRET SERVICE DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVES OF THE COLLEGE FOR EXAMINING THE ARCHIVES OF THE SECURITATE IN BUCHAREST ...................... 65 GEOPOLITICS ALI (SHEIKH) AHMED ABDI AFRICA’S IMPERFECT INTERSTELLAR REACTION TO THE COVID-19: QUIZZED CONTINENT’S HUMAN SECURITY ........... 80 BERK CAN KOZAN NUCLEAR WEAPONS AS A MEANS OF DETERRENCE ............... 97 VIRÁG SZALÁNCZI-ORBÁN – ÉVA BEKE THE FUTURE OF DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF NEW SUPPLY CENTERS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE .............................................................................. 109 GRÉTA VANESSZA VÁRADI – BENCE GÖBLYÖS THE PARTICIPATION OF THE HUNGARIAN AND ITALIAN ARMED FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS ........................................................................................ 125 REGINA SURÁNYI RELATIONS BETWEEN FINLAND AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SECURITY AND DEFENCE RELATIONS BETWEEN FINLAND AND RUSSIA .......................................................................................... 142 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SECURITY ATTILA MÁTÉ KOVÁCS HOW TO CONTROL OR COUNTER THE UNMANNED AND REMOTE? .............................................................................................. 155 ZSOLT BEDERNA – PROF. DR. ZOLTÁN RAJNAI REVIEW OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURES AND THEIR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 166 ANDRÁS KERTI – LAJOS ZÁHONYI A STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF INFORMATION SECURITY – INCIDENTS, METHODS, STANDARDS AND TRENDS ................. 176 AUTHORS OF THIS ISSUE .....................................................................190 CONDITIONS OF PUBLICATIONS .......................................................191 THEORY OF NATIONAL SECURITY FAISAL WARIKAT THE ROOT CAUSES OF TERRORISM IN THE MUSLIM WORLD Abstract The Muslim world, particularly the MENA region, is labelled by the proliferation of terrorism in particular after the September 11 attacks. This paper tries to investigate the causes of this phenomenon by examining it from three different angles: the religious aspect; the reliability of conspiracy theories around this topic; and the political and socio-economic dimension. The first two factors have a minimum effect, and cannot have ground without the existence of the political and socio- economic factors. The main conclusions that monarchial systems are more resilient to terrorism; secondly, the youth explosion in these states as it does not fit with their economic growth is a tic-tac bomb that is going to explode in the future; finally is that terrorism is a consequence of political and socio-economic failures in these states. The main recommendations are that Muslim states need more political reforms in their systems to ensure more public participation, stricter rules against corruption, better wealth distribution. The alternative is a looming wave of social movements that sweep throughout these counties is expected. Keywords: terrorism, Middle East, MENA, fertility, counterterrorism, causes of terrorism 1. Introduction Terrorism has its impact on the life of millions of people affected by this phenomenon, e.g., the economic impact in 2017 was estimated at around 52 billion US $.1 Terrorism started from the French revolution to take a facet of modern secular politics associated with anarchism, social revolutionism, and nationalism. Since September 11 terrorist attacks, terrorism started to have pejorative connotations with the Islamic world, afterward many terroristic incidents committed by the name of Muslims wreaked havoc across the globe; these actions alongside floods of immigrants created waves of widespread Islamophobia through the Western countries. Majority of Muslims despise these actions committed to the name of their cherished faith chose denial tactics rather than to tackle the empirical data about the size of the terror groups live and work in their backyard. 1 Global Terrorism Index 2018. Measuring the impact of terrorism; Institute for Economics & Peace, Sydney, November 2018. p. 4. http://visionofhumanity.org/reports (downloaded 01 December 2019) 5 This research questions the factors that led to the existence and proliferation of terrorism amongst the Muslim world, especially in the MENA region. The main conclusions are that the political environment is the main reason and that monarchies are harder than republics to be affected by terrorism; thirdly is that the high growth of the young population combined with slow economic growth precipitate them either for terrorism or to engage in criminal activities. There are multiple definitions for terrorism, yet still no universally agreed upon, this paper adopts the following one: “Politically motivated violence carried out by sub-state actors against noncombatants to influence a wider audience”.2 Global Terrorism Index (GTI) defines terrorism by “the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation”3, NATO defines terrorism by “The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence, instilling fear and terror, against individuals or property in an attempt to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, or to gain control over a population, to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives”4 most of these definitions share the that terrorism targets non- combatants, weapon of the weak, politically motivated to influence and instill fear among citizens. Insurgency differs from terrorism by objectives: revolutionist insurgency aspire to topple political regimes; reformist insurgency tries to compel governments to introduce reforms and alter policies; separatist seeks to secede definite part from the state; resistance insurgency to force an occupying power to withdraw, the last type of insurgencies is commercialist which is interested in wealth distribution.5 Labeling a group 'terrorist' versus 'insurgent' provides a very different context for understanding it and addressing it in a global context. In the most straightforward form, insurgencies can be understood as grassroots uprisings that emerge intending to overthrow the established government or set of societal norms that they feel threatened by.6 Another definition to insurgency suggested by US Marine Corps is that insurgency is “an organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government through the use of subversion or armed conflict.”7 The terrorist group, as suggested by Libcki (2008), is “a collection of individuals belonging to the non-state entity that uses terrorism to achieve its objectives, with a command and control apparatus, no matter how loose or flexible, provides an overall organizational framework and strategic direction.” It is unlikely that the international community will agree on a unified definition of terrorism as the current situation gives the states more freedom to have their definitions of this phenomenon, the main obstacles to define it is to include the state actor or not, other than that is whether the target noncombatants or civilians, 2 SANDLER, Todd: The analytical study of Terrorism; Journal of Peace Research, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313491277 (downloaded 10 March 2020) 3. GTI 2018. op. cit. p. 6 4 NATO Countering Terrorism, 2019. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_77646.htm (downloaded 10 March 2020) 5 CIA: Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency, 2012. 6 UNDERHILL, Natasha: Countering Terrorism and Insurgency; Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2014. 7 Marine Corps Warfighting Publication FM 3-24, Counterinsurgency 3-33.5; University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2007. paragraph 1-2, 2. 6 whether
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethiopia PM Abiy Ahmed Wins 2019 Nobel Peace Prize
    Ethiopia PM Abiy Ahmed wins 2019 Nobel Peace Prize https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50013273 The 2019 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed who made peace last year with bitter foe Eritrea. He was awarded the prize for his efforts to "achieve peace and international cooperation". Abiy Ahmed became Ethiopia's prime minister in April 2018 Mr Abiy's peace deal with Eritrea ended a 20-year military stalemate following their 1998-2000 border war. He was named as the winner of the 100th Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, where he will receive the award in December. It is worth some nine million Swedish crowns (about £730,000; $900,000). Following the announcement, Mr Abiy said he was "humbled and thrilled". "Thank you very much. It is a prize given to Africa, given to Ethiopia and I can imagine how the rest of Africa's leaders will take it positively to work on [the] peace-building process on our continent," he added in a phone call with the secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. A total of 301 candidates had been nominated for the prestigious award, including 223 individuals and 78 organisations. There had been great speculation over who would win the prize, with climate activist Greta Thunberg widely tipped as the favourite. Under the Nobel Foundation's rules, nomination shortlists are not allowed to be published for 50 years, and the organisation says any speculation ahead of the announcement is "sheer guesswork". What has Abiy Ahmed done? After becoming prime minister in April 2018, Mr Abiy introduced massive liberalising reforms to Ethiopia, shaking up what was a tightly controlled nation.
    [Show full text]
  • PM Abiy Ahmed Wins Nobel Peace Prize
    The Monthly Publication from the Ethiopian Embassy in London Ethiopian News October 2019 Inside this issue Technical Talks on GERD must and will succeed……………………………………..………………………………..2 CONNECT WITH US Ambassador Fesseha presents his credentials to Her Majesty the Queen………………………………....4 THEY DID IT! UK and Ethiopian amputee duo ascend Ethiopia’s highest mountain…………………..7 Habeshaview - bringing Ethiopian film to London theatres………………………………………………………9 Prime Minister Abiy’s Book on MEDEMER launched……………………………………………………………….16 President Sahle -Work delivers maiden address at the opening of Parliament ………………………..17 Ethiopia successfully hosts the Social Enterprise World Forum……………………………………………..18 “You are looking at a new Ethiopia...we hope you jump in and ride with us” – Dr Eyob…………….20 Ethiopia at World Travel Market London……………………………………………………………………………….22 More than 200,000 visitors arrive in Ethiopia on e -Visa…………… ……………………………………………24 Kenenisa wins Berlin Marathon 2 seconds short of the world record……………………………………..26 @EthioEmbassyUK Ethiopia: We’re open for business says mining minister …………… …………………………………………..28 PM Abiy Ahmed wins Nobel Peace Prize Ethiopian News File Photo: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed with Egypt's President Egypt's President Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi Technical Talks on GERD must and will succeed On 11th October 2019, the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize embodied by Ethiopia’s role in the establishment of was awarded to Ethiopian Prime Minister, Dr Abiy the first and only all-inclusive basin-wide Ahmed. A first for the nation, the awarding of the institution in the history of the River – the Nile Basin 100th edition of the Prize is deserved recognition of Initiative – and in its ratification of the Cooperative Ethiopia’s indefatigable commitment to the Framework Agreement (CFA).
    [Show full text]
  • MICA-DEC-ENG-FINAL.Pdf
    CONTENTS VOL-15 ISSUE -12 Editor N.K. Jain Advisors Neeraj Chabra K.C.Gupta Registered Office Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. NOBEL 103, Pragatideep Building, Plot No. 08, Laxminagar, PRIZE District Centre, New Delhi - 110092 TIN-09350038898 2019 w.e.f. 12-06-2014 Branch Office Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. E-42,43,44, Sector-7, Noida (U.P.) For queries regarding Interview 5 promotion, distribution & Current Affairs - One Liner 6-9 advertisement, contact:- [email protected] Spotlight 10 Ph.: 09208037962 The People 11-15 Owned, printed & published by News Bites 16-45 N.K. Jain Word of English - Etymology 46 103, Pragatideep Building, Plot No. 08, Laxminagar, Nobel Prize 2019 47-55 District Centre, New Delhi - 110092 Designation : Who's Who 56 Please send your suggestions and grievances to:- Quiz Time - General Awareness 60-67 Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. UPSSSC Lower Subordinate Exam 2019 68-82 CP-9, Vijayant Khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow - 226010 CRP PO Mains - Model Paper 2019 83-113 E-mail:[email protected] © Copyright Reserved # No part of this issue can be printed in Subscription form is on Pg 57 whole or in part without the written permission of the publishers. # All the disputes are subject to Delhi jurisdiction only. Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. Editorial “This power of democracy is a matter of pride for our country, something which we must always cherish, preserve and further strengthen.” Atal Bihari Vajpayee Dear Aspirants, We feel delighted to present to you the "December 2019" edition of "Master In Current Affairs". MICA is a comprehensive magazine focused on both the intellectual and competitive nature of learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report J U N E 2 0 2 1
    SITUATION REPORT J U N E 2 0 2 1 P R E P A R E D B Y The New York Times, "Famine hits 350,000 in Ethiopia." June 2021. E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y P A G E 0 2 On November 4, 2020, Ethiopia’s unelected Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed mobilized the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (ENDF), the Eritrean Defense Forces (EDF), the Amhara Special Forces, and Afar Special Forces to launch a warE agaXinst Ethe 7C milUlion pTeopIle Vof thEe re gioSn ofU TigraMy, theM nortAhernRmostY region of the Ethiopian federation. In a statement shared on Twitter while much of the world was focused on the outcome of the American elections, the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize winner declared a war that has unleashed the worst humanitarian crisis in recent memory. Despite the Ethiopian regime’s repeated assertions that this is a “domestic” operation directed against a political entity, the ongoing involvement of Eritrean troops, the reported use of armed drones, the atrocious human rights abuses, and escalating humanitarian crisis in Tigray clearly show that this is an all-out war being waged against the people of Tigray. In the 200+ days since the declaration of war, there have been verified reports of widespread civilian massacres, extrajudicial executions, sexual and gender- based violence, weaponized starvation, looting, destruction of health care facilities, and forced displacement of millions of Tigrayans. The picture emerging from these seven months of war—albeit incomplete due to a telecommunications blockade affecting large swaths of the region—provides a glimpse into the level of devastation in Tigray.
    [Show full text]
  • Announcement 2019 Nobel Peace Prize
    Announcement 2019 Nobel Peace Prize The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2019 to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea. The prize is also meant to recognise all the stakeholders working for peace and reconciliation in Ethiopia and in the East and Northeast African regions. When Abiy Ahmed became Prime Minister in April 2018, he made it clear that he wished to resume peace talks with Eritrea. In close cooperation with Isaias Afwerki, the President of Eritrea, Abiy Ahmed quickly worked out the principles of a peace agreement to end the long “no peace, no war” stalemate between the two countries. These principles are set out in the declarations that Prime Minister Abiy and President Afwerki signed in Asmara and Jeddah last July and September. An important premise for the breakthrough was Abiy Ahmed’s unconditional willingness to accept the arbitration ruling of an international boundary commission in 2002. Peace does not arise from the actions of one party alone. When Prime Minister Abiy reached out his hand, President Afwerki grasped it, and helped to formalise the peace process between the two countries. The Norwegian Nobel Committee hopes the peace agreement will help to bring about positive change for the entire populations of Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Ethiopia, even if much work remains, Abiy Ahmed has initiated important reforms that give many citizens hope for a better life and a brighter future.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibition Signs
    Nobel Creations Artistic interpretations of the Nobel Prizes 2019 By: © NOBEL PRIZE MUSEUM 2018 For more information about our school programmes, see: nobelprizemuseum.se Nobel Creations PHYSICS The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to: JAMES PEEBLES “for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology” MICHEL MAYOR AND DIDIER QUELOZ “for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star” The 2019 Physics Prize rewards new understanding of the universe’s structure and history, and the frst discovery of a planet orbiting a solar-type star outside our solar system. This year’s Laureates have contributed to answering fundamental questions about our existence. What happened in the early infancy of the universe and what happened next? Could there be other planets out there, orbiting other suns? © NOBEL PRIZE MUSEUM 2018 For more information about our school programmes, see: nobelprizemuseum.se Nobel Creations CHEMISTRY The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to: JOHN B. GOODENOUGH M. STANLEY WHITTINGHAM AKIRA YOSHINO “for the development of lithium-ion batteries” The 2019 Chemistry Prize rewards the development of the lithium-ion battery: a technological revolution. This lightweight, rechargeable and powerful battery is now used in everything from mobile phones to laptops and electric vehicles. It can also store signifcant amounts of energy from solar and wind power, making possible a fossil fuel-free society. To achieve this, the Laureates needed to overcome difcult challenges – especially in taming the highly reactive lithium atom. © NOBEL PRIZE MUSEUM 2018 For more information about our school programmes, see: nobelprizemuseum.se Nobel Creations PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to: WILLIAM G.
    [Show full text]
  • Ikuro Anzai, Klaus Schlichtmann, SA9 190130 Elleder Nomination NPP 2019 Copy
    Honorable Ladies and Gentlemen, I nominate the SA9-CAMPAIGN as well as Professor Ikuro Anzai, General Coordinator of the International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP) and Dr. Klaus Schlichtmann, Japan historian, pacifist, Shidehara biographer, for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize, as representing the spirit and purpose of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution. A. The Campaign to Second Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (SA9-Campaign) was started in autumn 2017 three Japanese, Dr. Mikihiko Ohmori, Mr. Kazutoshi Abe, a professor of French, Mr. Toshi Uehara, and Klaus Schlichtmann, as advisor and liaison, started the “Campaign to Second Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.” Peace Constitutions have a crucial role to play in establishing a genuine System of Collective Security. (See the ADDENDA, the list of provisions in the French, Italian, Japanese, German and Danish Constitutions.) This constitutional provision was and is an innovative tool for bringing about the abolition of war. By Article 9 Japan committed to forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the Japanese people, and it further declared that nations do not have a right of aggression. The text of Article 9 reads: (1) Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. (2) In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tigray War & Regional Implications
    THE TIGRAY WAR & REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS (VOLUME 1) November 2020 to June 2021 1 CONTENTS 1. Foreword …………………………………………………………………………… 4 2. Introduction: war, offensives and atrocities 2.1 Overview …………………………………………………………………………… 7 2.2 Early attempts to halt the fighting ……………………………………………… 10 2.3 The war escalates …………………………………………………………………. 13 3. Ethiopia at war 3.1 The Federal Government v Tigray Regional State ……………………………. 16 3.2 Prime Minister Abiy’s short-lived whirlwind of reform ……………………... 30 3.3 An inexorable drive towards conflict 2018 – 2020 …………………………….. 49 3.4 President Isaias and Prime Minister Abiy – who is in the driving seat? ……. 60 4. Progress of the war 4.1 ENDF offensives along the southwestern front ……………………………….. 73 4.2 The northern fronts ………………………………………………………………. 76 4.3 The Southern Front ………………………………………………………………. 78 4.4 The ENDF’s strategy ……………………………………………………………... 78 4.5 Retreat and consolidation ……………………………………………………….. 80 4.6 TDF expansion and the start of semi-conventional warfare …………………. 82 4.7 Overall War Progress: November 2020 to May 2021 …………………………. 84 4.8 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………… 88 5. The Ethiopian national context 5.1 Contextualising the war in Tigray ……………………………………………… 91 5.2 A threat to Ethiopia’s integrity? ………………………………………………… 92 5.3 Conflict and the rule of law ……………………………………………………... 94 5.4 Oromia politics and conflict - optimism and excitement ……………………. 95 5.5 Amhara politics and conflict …………………………………………………… 102 5.6 The south, east and west ……………………………………………………….. 112 5.7 Somali Region …………………………………………………………………… 113 5.8 Afar Region ……………………………………………………………………… 115 5.9 Benishangul Gumuz ……………………………………………………………. 116 5.10 Socio-economic stakes and the cost of the war ………………………………. 117 5.11 Concluding remarks ……………………………………………………………. 119 6. Diplomatic Efforts 6.1 UN Security Council and the African Union ………………………………… 122 6.2 The United States of America ………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Affairs October 2019
    R R E N T C U S A F F A I R B E R O C T O New Batch 11 November 2019 P R E P A R E D A N D P R E S E N T E D B Y DEFENCE OFFICERS ACADEMY 18 November 2019*JUNIOR WING-D-22, NEHRU COLONY DEHRADUN (U.K.) 25 November 2019 *SENIOR WING- 153, E.C. ROAD DEHRADUN(U.K.) PHONE: 7060503010, 7060500801 / 802 / 803 02 December 2019 About defence officers academy A L I T T L E B I T A B O U T Defence Officers Academy is a D E F E N C E O F F I C E R S premier Defence coaching institute A C A D E M Y in Nehru Colony, Dehradun which prepares candidates for various examinations for entrance to schools and institutions such as RIMC, Sainik Schools, RMS, NDA, IMA/OTA, AFCAT and ACC. Established in 2015 with an aim to provide high quality transformational training to students, Defence Officers Academy trains to improve their individual performance so that their full potential can be reached and they can do best possible in the entrance exams. Team DOA 0 1 Vision & Mission Vision: To provide best training to the young candidates so that they can join the defence schools and to produce employable resource for defence sector. Team DOA We aim to remain source of Motto: The motto of Defence inspiration for society to Officers Academy is “ Dhairya make the future better with Se Jeet “ and the training the help of our knowledge, provided to students makes imagination and innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Prize 2019 Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali
    Peace Prize 2019 Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali Nobel Prize Lessons . The Nobel Peace Prize "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses" PHOTO: NJAAL FRILSETH © NOBEL PEACE CENTER . Who is rewarded with the Peace Prize? Individuals and organisations that work towards a more peaceful world. PHOTO: K. OPPRANN . The 2019 Peace Prize Laureate Abiy Ahmed Ali Born: 1976, Ethiopia ”for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea” ILL. NIKLAS ELMEDHED. © NOBEL MEDIA . Ethiopia – the second most populous country in Africa Ethiopia is located in Northeast Africa and has around 110 million inhabitants. The conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea Ethiopia and Eritrea fought a war in 1998-2000. After the war, the two countries were isolated from each other. A new peace agreement Abiy Ahmed took the initiative to resolve the border conflict. In the summer of 2018, the leaders of Ethiopia and Eritrea signed a new agreement. PHOTO: CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-SHARE ALIKE 3.0 UNPORTED . Numerous reforms in Ethiopia During his short period in office, Abiy Ahmed has carried out many political reforms in Ethiopia, including the release of thousands of political prisoners. PHOTO: ALEXANDROS MICHAILIDIS SHUTTERSTOCK.COM . Efforts to mediate in other conflicts The prize also rewards Abiy Ahmed’s contributions to peace and reconciliation processes between other countries. “A peaceful, stable and successful Ethiopia will have many positive side-effects, and will help to strengthen fraternity among nations and peoples in the region.” From the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s press release, upon the announcement of the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal
    Fourteenth United Nations 29 January 2021 Congress on Crime Prevention English only and Criminal Justice Kyoto, Japan, 7–12 March 2021 Item 5 of the provisional agenda* Multidimensional approaches by Governments to promoting the rule of law by, inter alia, providing access to justice for all; building effective, accountable, impartial and inclusive institutions; and considering social, educational and other relevant measures, including fostering a culture of lawfulness while respecting cultural identities, in line with the Doha Declaration ** Background documents received from individual experts Climate change education as part of a comprehensive implementation of the United Nations migration policy Prepared by Sławomir Redo __________________ * A/CONF.234/1/Rev.1 ** The designations employed, the presentation of material and the views expressed in the paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat and do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. V.21-00583 (E) *2100583* Sławomir Redo Climate change education as part of a comprehensive implementation of the United Nations migration policy DOI 10.5281/ZENODO.3379608 Introduction At the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Frame- work Convention on Climate Change (COP 24) in Katowice, Poland, Greta Thunberg — a 15-year-old Swedish climate activist and candidate for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize — pointed out that no decisions com- mensurate with the gravity of the situation have been implemented. At COP 24 she asked her government and other countries’ governments to take action against climate change: to strive to limit global warming to 1.5°C over pre-industrial levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Risingtalents
    Rising Talents by the Women’s Forum for the Economy & Society Partners of the 2019 Rising Talents Initiative am very proud and honored world of tomorrow and have a to continue our 10 years old positive impact on our com- tradition of promoting the mon future. During these years Inetwork of talented young wo- Eurazeo have been involved in men – they truly are Rising Ta- creating and maintaining this lents. Being a sponsor of such plentiful and diverse network of an event presents a unique women, which I am convinced opportunity to promote women would flourish in the next years from various landscapes and and aspire a new wave of Rising with different profiles which we Talents. trust can change the economic Virginie Morgon CEO Eurazeo he Women’s Forum is an believe that it has become outstanding global platform key to identify, support and that gives women visibility promote the next generation Tfor their ideas and drives change of global talented women with in society and in the workplace. remarkable skills, courage and Lazard is proud to sponsor the leadership. We are very pleased Rising Talent initiative, which fits to see how these Rising Talents well with our ongoing effort to have succeeded in their fields improve gender balance, and and how each of them has promote diversity and inclusion. tremendous positive impact in As a trusted advisor to many their communities. Isabelle Xoual business leaders globally, we Managing Director Lazard e are delighted to These 13 talented women from co-sponsor the 2019 around the world have used their Rising Talents initiative, dynamic leadership abilities to Wand to help identify and cele- make a difference in many walks brate these highly impressive of life.
    [Show full text]