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Jahnula Species from North and Central America, Including Three New Species

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Jahnula Species from North and Central America, Including Three New Species Mycologia, 98(2), 2006, pp. 319–332. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Jahnula species from North and Central America, including three new species H.A. Raja1 MATERIALS AND METHODS C.A. Shearer Submerged woody debris was collected from lotic and lentic Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, freshwater habitats along latitudinal gradients in North Room 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 America, with sites in Alaska and Florida representing latitudinal extremes within North America. Tropical sam- ples also were collected in Costa Rica. Samples were placed in zippered plastic bags containing paper towels, returned Abstract: Three new species of loculoascomycetes to the laboratory, and incubated in plastic storage boxes collected from freshwater habitats in North America with moistened paper towels at ambient temperatures (ca. are described as new species of Jahnula ( Jahnulales, 24 C) under 12/12 h (light/dark) conditions. Water Dothideomycetes). All three share these morpholog- temperature, pH and latitude and longitude were measured ical features: hyaline to blackish translucent, mem- and recorded in the field and are presented in the branous ascomata with subtending, wide, septate specimen examined sections. brown, spreading hyphae; peridia composed of large Samples were examined with a dissecting microscope angular cells; hamathecium of septate pseudopara- immediately after collection and periodically over the sub- physes; 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical asci; and 1- sequent 12 mo. Crush mounts of ascomata were made in % septate, broadly fusiform, brown, multiguttulate distilled water that was replaced with glycerin (100 )orlactic acid (85%) containing azure A. India ink or aqueous nigrosin ascospores. Four additional species, J. aquatica, J. was added to water mounts to reveal gelatinous sheaths on or bipolaris, J. potamophila,andJ. seychellensis,are around ascospores. Measurements were made of material reported for the first time from the western hemi- mounted in glycerin (100%) or lactic acid containing azure sphere. A. Lactic acid containing azure A or glycerin was used to Key words: Ascomycetes, aquatic fungi, sub- preserve squash mounts with the double-cover glass method merged wood, systematics (Volkmann-Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer 1996). Cultures were obtained and maintained according to the procedures described by Fallah and Shearer (2001). INTRODUCTION Ascomata were fixed and sectioned with a modification of During investigations of the geographical distribution Huhndorf’s technique (Huhndorf 1991, Fallah and Shearer patterns and biodiversity of ascomycetes in freshwater 2001). Micrographs were obtained with a Spot RT digital habitats along latitudinal gradients from North to camera mounted on an Olympus microscope equipped with Central and South America, we encountered numer- Nomarski interference and phase optics. Specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Illinois (ILL). ous species of Jahnula Kirschst (Jahnulales, Dothi- Collector’s names are abbreviated: JLA ( Jennifer L. Ander- deomycetes). The type species of Jahnula, J. aquatica son), JLC ( J. L. Crane), CB (Christopher Brown), ANM (Plo¨ttner and Kirschst.) Kirschst. was described based (Andrew N. Miller), CMP (Cathy M. Pringle), HAR (Huzefa on a specimen collected from Germany. Most species A. Raja), CAS (Carol A. Shearer), RW (Rebecca Wulffen). of Jahnula described subsequently, however, have been reported from the Old World throughout the Asian and Australian tropics (Hyde 1993, Hyde and TAXONOMY Wong 1999, Pang et al 2002, Pinruan et al 2002). One Jahnula aquatica (Plo¨ttner and Kirschst.) Kirschst., exception is J. poonythii K.D. Hyde and S.W. Wong, Ann Mycol 34:196. 1936. FIGS. 1–12 a species that originally was described and reported ; Amphisphaeria aquatica Plo¨ttner and Kirschst., Verh. from Mauritius (Hyde and Wong 1999) and recently Bot Ver Prov Brandenb 48:52. 1906. reported by Gonzalez and Chavarria (2005) from ; Melanopsamma aquatica (Plo¨ttner and Kirschst.) a freshwater source in Mexico. In this paper we Kirschst., Krypt. Fl Brandenb 7:226. 1911. describe and illustrate three new species and report Ascomata 345–380 3 265–330 mm, hyaline when and describe four additional species of Jahnula for young, becoming translucent black with age, mem- the first time from the western hemisphere. branous, globose to subglobose, ostiolate, papillate, superficial to partially immersed in wood, scattered, attached to adjacent ascomata by broad, brown, superficial, stoloniferous hyphae (FIGS. 1–2). Neck Accepted for publication 10 Feb 2006. 60–95 3 74–80 mm, periphysate; periphyses short, 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] hyaline (FIG. 3). Peridium 20–30 mm wide, of textura 319 320 MYCOLOGIA FIGS. 1–12. Jahnula aquatica. 1. Squash mount of ascomata. Arrow indicates subtending hypha (R68-2). 2. Longitudinal section through ascoma (R68-1). 3. Papillae showing periphyses (R68-1). 4. Peridium (R68-1). 5. Pseudoparaphyses (R68-1). 6–8. Asci (R68-1). 9–11. Ascospores (R68-1). 12. Mycelium from culture (R68-1). Bars: 1 5 40 mm; 2, 3, 6 5 20 mm; 4, 5, 7–12 5 10 mm. RAJA AND SHEARER: JAHNULA 321 angularis in surface view, in longitudinal section ficialia, horizontalia. Rostrum 100–150 3 70–85 mm, peridial wall 3–4 cell layers wide, composed of an hyalinum. Peridium 20–30 mm latum, 3–4 cellulae outermost layer of large, moderately thick-walled crassum, bistratosum. Pseudoparaphyses cellulosae, brown cells, and an inner layer of elongated, hyalinae, 2–3 mm latae. Asci 170–220 3 10–17 mm, flattened, thin-walled hyaline cells (FIG. 4). Pseudo- fissitunicati, cylindrici, octospori, uniseriati. Asco- paraphyses septate, narrow, 1.5–2 mm wide, hyaline, sporae 25–30 3 9–10 mm, ellipsoideae–fusiformes, filiform, branched and anastomosing above the asci brunneae, uniseptatae, cellula apicali leviter inflata, (FIG. 5). Asci 105–215 3 10–20 mm, fissitunicate, cellula basali attenuata, granulata, hyalina calyptra 1– cylindrical, pedicellate (FIGS. 6–7), with an apical 2 3 2–3 mm, bipolare. chamber and eight, overlapping uniseriate ascospores Ascomata on wood 395–400 3 200–205 mm, black (FIG. 8). Ascospores 30–40 3 10–12 mm, brown to translucent, membranous, subglobose to obpyriform, dark brown, ellipsoidal-fusiform, 1-septate, con- ostiolate (FIGS. 13, 14), superficial with partially im- stricted at the septum, upper cell broader than basal mersed base, upright to slightly horizontal, scattered, cell, multiguttulate, without a gelatinous sheath or connected to the substrate by broad, brown, septate, appendages (FIGS. 9–11). superficial stoloniferous hyphae (FIGS. 13, 16). Neck Colonies on peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG) 100–150 3 70–85 mm, pale brown, central; wall of the agar growing slowly, dark brown to black, effuse; neck composed of short outwardly diverging globose to hyphae thick-walled, septate and constricted at the cylindrical cells (FIG. 15). Peridium 20–30 mmthick,in septa (FIG. 12); cells of the hyphae cylindrical to longitudinal section composed of 3–4 cell layers; inner subglobose; no anamorph observed. layer of laterally compressed, hyaline to subhyaline, Specimens examined. USA. ILLINOIS: Salt Fork Associa- isodiametric cells, outer layer of large, darkened, tion Lake (SFA Lake), a manmade private lake ca. 16 miles moderately thick-walled, globose to angular cells 30– east of Urbana, 40u059000N, 87u489500W, UTM 16 435946E, 3 m IGS 4992530N, water temperature 16.5 C, pH 7, on submerged, 34 20–24 m(F . 16, 17). Pseudoparaphyses 2– decorticated wood, 15 Oct 2002, HAR, R68-1. TENNESSEE: 3 mm wide, septate, slightly constricted at the septa, Hamilton County, Tennessee River, Tennessee River Gorge hyaline, filamentous, branching and anastomosing Trust, 15 miles west of Chattanooga, 35u089950N, above the asci (FIG. 18). Asci 170–220 3 10–17 mm 85u399970W, UTM 16 620500mE, 3891557mN, water tem- (mean 5 197 3 15 mm, n 5 20), basal, fissitunicate, perature 18 C, pH 6.5, on submerged, decorticated wood, cylindrical, pedicellate, with or without an apical 29 Mar 2005, HAR, JLC, and ANM, F75-1; Great Smoky chamber; endoascus extending to 23 the length of Mountains National Park, Cades Cove, 11-mile Loop, the ectoascus, with eight, overlapping uniseriate Abrams Creek, 35u359360N, 83u509420W, UTM Zone 17 ascospores (FIGS. 19, 20). Ascospores 25–30 3 9– 242232mE, 3942559mN, water temperature 17 C, pH 5, on 10 mm(mean5 29 3 10 mm, n 5 50), broadly soft, decorticated, submerged wood, 21 Jun 2005, HAR and ANM, R68-2. ellipsoidal to fusiform, dark brown, 1-septate, slightly Known distribution. Germany, Hong Kong, South constricted at the septum, upper cell slightly broader Africa, Thailand, USA (IL, TN). and more apiculate than the lower cell, rough-walled in Comments. The general characteristics of the an irregularly striated pattern (FIG.22),withhyaline specimens of J. aquatica from the USA (IL, TN) caps at both apices, up to 2 3 2–3 mm, lacking a sheath agree with the descriptions reported by Hawksworth (FIGS. 21, 23). (1984) and Hyde and Wong (1999). For collections Single-spore isolates produced dark brown colonies of J. aquatica from Germany and South Africa, with effuse growth on cornmeal agar (CMA, Difco). periphyses were not reported. In our collections Colonies on potato-dextrose agar (PDA, Difco) and (FIG. 3) short hyaline periphyses radiate from the Emerson’s yeast extract, soluble starch (YPSS) agar inner cells of the ascomal neck into the ostiole. immersed and diffuse, producing a brown pigmenta- Although the pseudoparaphyses were described by tion of the surrounding agar. Colonies growing slowly Hawksworth (1984) and Hyde and Wong (1999) as on CMA, PDA, and YPSS reaching ca. 1–2 mm diam trabeculate, septa were clearly visible in our material in 30–40 d; no anamorph observed. (FIG. 5). Our collections of J. aquatica are more Etymology. Bipileatus (bi 5 two, pileatus 5 cap-like) similar to those of the lectotype material selected by refers to the hyaline cap-like structure on the two Hawksworth (1984) than to the South African poles of the ascospore.
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