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Martínez Jiménez Judith Tamar 2020.Pdf INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS SECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO E INVESTIGACIÓN CARACTERIZACIÓN PALINOLÓGICA DE LOS RECURSOS FLORALES UTILIZADOS POR Apis mellifera (APIDAE) EN LA REGIÓN DE LOS VALLES, DURANGO, MÉXICO TESIS Como uno de los requisitos para obtener el grado de MAESTRÍA EN BIOCIENCIAS Presenta: Judith Tamar Martínez Jiménez Directores de tesis Dr. Emilio Estrada-Ruiz Laboratorio de Ecología, Departamento de Zoología, ENCB-IPN M. en C. David Leonor Quiroz García Laboratorio de Palinología, Departamento de Botánica, ENCB-IPN Ciudad de México, 2020. 1 SIP-14 INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL REP 2017 SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y POSGRADO ACTA DE REVISIÓN DE TESIS En la Ciudad de México siendo las 13:00 horas del día 1 0 del mes de junio del 2020 se reunieron los miembros de la Comisión Revisora de la Tesis, designada por el Colegio de Profesores de Posgrado de: Biociencias para examinar la tesis titulada: “Caracterización palinológica de los recursos florales utilizados por Apis mellifera (Apidae) en la Región de los Valles, Durango, México” del (la) alumno (a): Apellido Martínez Apellido Jiménez Nombre (s): Judith Tamar Paterno: Materno: Número de registro: A 1 8 0 3 2 4 Biociencias Aspirante del Programa Académico de Posgrado: Una vez que se realizó un análisis de similitud de texto, utilizando el software antiplagio, se encontró que el trabajo de tesis tiene __12 % de similitud. Se adjunta reporte de software utilizado. Después que esta Comisión revisó exhaustivamente el contenido, estructura, intención y ubicación de los textos de la tesis identificados como coincidentes con otros documentos, concluyó que en el presente trabajo SI NO X SE CONSTITUYE UN POSIBLE PLAGIO. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA CONCLUSIÓN: El mayor porcentaje de similitud se encuentra en la introducción, antecedentes y metodología.___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ **Es responsabilidad del alumno como autor de la tesis la verificación antiplagio, y del Director o Directores de tesis el análisis del % de similitud para establecer el riesgo o la existencia de un posible plagio. Finalmente y posterior a la lectura, revisión individual, así como el análisis e intercambio de opiniones, los miembros de la Comisión manifestaron APROBAR x SUSPENDER NO APROBAR la tesis por UNANIMIDAD o MAYORÍA en virtud de los motivos siguientes: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ COMISIÓN REVISORA DE TESIS Dr. Emilio Estrada Ruiz Dr. Carlos Fabián Vargas Mendoza M. en C. Eduardo Soto Galera Director de Tesis Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma Nombre completo y firma M. en C. David Leonor Quiroz Dr. Leonardo Osvaldo Alvarado Dr. Gerardo Aparicio Ozores García Cárdenas PRESIDENTE DEL COLEGIO DE 2° Director de Tesis (en su caso) Nombre completo y firma PROFESORES Nombre completo y firma Página 1 de 1 DEDICATORIA A Dios por siempre ser lumbrera en mi camino A mis padres por el amor que me han dado A mi hermano por ser mi mejor amigo A mis abuelos, siempre estarán en mi corazón. “Nada se parece tanto a un alma como una abeja. Va de flor en flor, como el alma de estrella en estrella, y liba la miel, como el alma la luz” Victor Hugo For I know the thougths that I think toward you, says the Lord, thoughts of peace and not of evil, to give you a future and a hope. Jeremiah 29:11 2 RECONOCIMIENTOS La presente investigación se realizó bajo la dirección de la M. en C. David Leonor Quiroz García y el Dr. Emilio Estrada Ruíz, en el Laboratorio de Palinología y el Laboratorio de Ecología, ambos de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Agradezco el apoyo de la beca otorgada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), así como al Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) por los proyectos otorgados a la M. en C. David Leonor Quiroz García (20180697 y 20195964) que fueron importantes en mi formación, a BEIFI por el apoyo otorgado en estos semestres, al Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación y Desarrollo Integral Regional de Durango (CIIDIR- Durango) por las salidas a campo, así como a CIIDIR- Oaxaca por permitirme realizar las pruebas necesarias para la culminación de mi investigación. Parte de este trabajo se presentó como cartel en el XXI Congreso Mexicano de Botánica en la Universidad Autonóma de Aguascalientes, del 20 al 25 de octubre de 2019. 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS A la M. en C. David Leonor Quiroz García por la paciencia y el cariño para transmitirme el conocimiento sobre la palinología, ha sido un gusto trabajar con usted. Así como al Dr. Emilio Estrada Ruiz por aceptarme en su laboratorio e impulsarme para ser una mejor alumna, gracias por su amistad. A mis tutores por los comentarios en mi tesis y en cada una de las presentaciones: Dr. Carlos Fabián Vargas Mendoza, M. en C. Eduardo Soto Galera y al Dr. Leonardo Osvaldo Alvarado Cárdenas. A la M. en C. María P. González Castillo y al M. en C. Salvador Acosta-Castellanos, por la amabilidad y el hospedeaje en Durango, fueron un gran punto de partida para este trabajo (CIIDIR- Durango). De igual manera a la Dra. Lilia Leticia Méndez Lagunas por apoyarme con los análisis fisicoquímicos. Gracias Christopher, sin esperarlo fuiste de gran apoyo en esta estapa. A Vero por recibirme en su departamento, fue divertido (CIIDIR- Oaxaca). A mi amigo Fernando Abiram García, no hubiera sido lo mismo sin ti, eres un gran amigo, gracias, porque desde que supiste mi tema confiaste y te soprendiste, por las observaciones que diste para que mi trabajo fuera mejor y los regaños también se agradecen. A mis amigos de ambos laboratorios, Diana, Naylet, Jazmin, Miguel, Albita, Moy, Carlos, Kim, Marianita, por hacer divertido y ligero el paso por la maestría, así como a Yazmin y Dafne por su apoyo con el material de campo. A mis padres, por su apoyo incondicional y la sabiduría con la que nos guían, sin ustedes no se hubiera logrado, quiero honrarlos el resto de mis días. A mi papá Eligio porque cada 4 que me ves se te iluminan los ojos, gracias por tu cariño. A mis padrinos Rubén y Estella por siempre estar al pendiente de nosotros, los amo. 5 ÍNDICE RESUMEN .................................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 11 1. Introducción ....................................................................................................................... 13 2. Antecedentes ...................................................................................................................... 16 3. Justificación ....................................................................................................................... 20 4. Hipótesis ............................................................................................................................. 21 5. Objetivo general ................................................................................................................. 22 5.1 Objetivos particulares ........................................................................................................ 22 6. Área de estudio .................................................................................................................. 23 7. Material y método ............................................................................................................... 27 7.1 Recolecta de muestras ...................................................................................................... 27 7.2 Elaboración de la colección de referencia. ........................................................................ 28 7.3 Preparación de las muestras de miel. ............................................................................... 28 7.4 Caracterización botánica de las mieles ............................................................................. 29 7.5 Análisis polínico ................................................................................................................. 29 7.6 Análisis fisicoquímico ......................................................................................................... 29 I. Humedad ...................................................................................................................... 30 II. Color ............................................................................................................................. 30 III. Hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) ......................................................................................... 31 IV. Azúcares reductores ................................................................................................. 31 pH ......................................................................................................................................... 32 8. Análisis estadístico ............................................................................................................ 33 8.1 Análisis de diversidad ........................................................................................................ 33 8.2 Estadística univariada .......................................................................................................
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