ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
FOR THE PROPOSED
PROVISION OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN
IN FUNADHOO, SHAVIYANI ATOLL
November 2018
Prepared for
Ministry of Environment
Consultant
CDE Consulting, Maldives
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... i List of Figures ...... vi List of tables ...... vii List of Abbreviations ...... viii Acknowledgement ...... ix Lead Consultant’s Declaration ...... x Executive Summary ...... xii 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose of the EIA ...... 1
1.2 Project Proponent ...... 1
1.3 Project Scope ...... 1
1.4 Project Background and Rationale ...... 2
1.5 Aim and Objectives ...... 2
1.6 Project Location ...... 3
1.7 Consultants, Contractors and Government Institutions...... 7
1.8 Scope and Terms of Reference of EIA ...... 7
1.9 Assessment Methodology ...... 8
1.9.1 General Approach ...... 8 1.9.2 The Study Area...... 8 1.9.3 Field Observations ...... 9 1.9.4 Desk Study Review ...... 11 1.9.5 Key Stakeholder Consultation ...... 12 1.9.6 Data Analysis ...... 12 1.9.7 Report Format ...... 12 1.10 Study Team Members ...... 12
1.11 Potential Data Gaps and Limitations of the study ...... 13
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 15 2.1 Detailed Project Outline ...... 15
2.1.1 R.O. Water Supply and Distribution System ...... 15 2.1.2 Description of R.O. plant operation ...... 17 2.2 Project Schedule and life span ...... 22
2.3 Environmental Management, Logistics and Safety Measures ...... 22
2.3.1 Workforce and Services ...... 22
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| i EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
2.3.2 Utilities ...... 22 2.3.3 Construction Waste Management and Disposal ...... 22 2.3.4 Pollution and Emission Control Measures ...... 22 2.3.5 Health and Safety Measures ...... 23 2.4 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs ...... 23
2.5 Demobilization ...... 25
2.6 Maintenance during Operation Phase ...... 25
2.7 Emergency Water Supply Plan ...... 25
3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 26 3.1 Relevant Environment Legislation ...... 26
3.1.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93)...... 26 3.2 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines ...... 27
3.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012 ...... 27 3.2.2 Regulation on Sand and Coral Mining ...... 28 3.2.3 Waste Management Regulation 2013 ...... 28 3.2.4 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9) ...... 29 3.2.5 Compliance ...... 29 3.3 Environmental Permits Required for the Project ...... 30
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note ...... 30 3.4 Responsible Institutions ...... 30
3.4.1 Ministry of Environment ...... 30 3.4.2 Atoll Council ...... 30 3.5 Guiding Policies and Documents ...... 31
3.5.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II) ...... 31 3.5.2 Waste Management Policy ...... 32 3.5.1 Guideline for Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another ...... 32 3.6 International Conventions ...... 33
3.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 33 3.6.2 UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol ...... 33 3.6.3 Convention on the Law of the Sea ...... 34 3.6.4 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) .... 34 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 35 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 35
4.1.1 Meteorology ...... 35 4.1.2 Hydrology ...... 41
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| ii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.3 Groundwater quality assessment ...... 46 4.1.4 Marine water quality assessment ...... 46 4.1.5 Noise Level ...... 47 4.1.6 Bathymetry ...... 48 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 49
4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment ...... 49 4.2.2 Marine Environment ...... 53 4.3 Natural Hazard Assessment for the Site ...... 56
4.4 Island Social Environment ...... 58
4.4.1 Population Characteristics ...... 58 4.4.2 Education ...... 60 4.4.3 Health ...... 60 4.4.4 Utilities and Infrastructure ...... 60 4.4.5 Transport ...... 61 4.4.6 Businesses and Employment ...... 61 5 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION ...... 63 5.1 Introduction ...... 63
5.2 Boundaries of Affected Areas ...... 63
5.3 Impact Identification and Evaluation ...... 63
6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 72 6.1 Impacts on Natural Environmental During Construction Works ...... 72
6.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts ...... 72 6.1.2 Air Quality Degradation ...... 73 6.1.3 Groundwater Depletion, Salinization, and Contamination ...... 74 6.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ...... 75 6.1.5 Marine Water Degradation ...... 76 6.1.6 Impacts on Unique Habitats ...... 77 6.2 Impacts on the Socio-economic Environment during Construction Phase ...... 77
6.2.1 Disruption to Road Traffic ...... 77 6.2.2 Changes to Road Conditions ...... 78 6.2.3 Impact on Visual Amenity ...... 78 6.2.4 Risks to health and Safety to Construction Workers ...... 79 6.3 Operation Stage Impacts ...... 79
6.3.1 Noise Pollution ...... 79 6.3.2 Pollution due to Handling and Storage of Hazardous Materials ...... 80 6.3.3 Air Quality Degradation and GHG emission ...... 81 6.3.4 Groundwater Salinisation and Depletion ...... 81
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| iii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6.3.5 Increased Cost of Living ...... 82 6.3.6 Impacts of Brine on Marine Environment and Biodiversity ...... 82 6.3.7 Improved Quality and Accessibility to Potable Water ...... 82 6.3.8 Protection of Groundwater Aquifer ...... 83 6.3.9 Employment Opportunities ...... 83 6.3.10 Business Opportunities ...... 83 7 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 84 7.1 Ministry of Environment and Energy...... 84
7.2 Health Protection Agency ...... 85
7.3 Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure ...... 87
7.4 Shaviyani Funadhoo Island Council ...... 87
7.5 DHIRAAGU...... 90
7.6 FENAKA ...... 90
7.6.1 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 91 7.7 Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC) ...... 91
7.8 SatLink ...... 92
7.9 Public ...... 92
8 ALTERNATIVES ...... 94 8.1 “No-project” Alternative ...... 94
8.2 Alternative Brine Outfall Location ...... 95
9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 97 9.1 Environmental management system...... 97
9.2 Management structure and responsibilities ...... 98
9.2.1 Project proponent(s) ...... 98 9.2.2 Environmental Consultant ...... 99 9.3 Reporting requirements ...... 99
9.4 Management Strategies and Actions ...... 105
9.4.1 Environment Education ...... 105 9.4.2 Environmental Monitoring, Reporting and Audit...... 105 9.4.3 Health and Safety Management ...... 105 9.5 Non-conformances and Corrective Action ...... 108
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 109 10.1 Introduction ...... 109
10.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan ...... 109
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| iv EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
10.3 Before Construction ...... 109
10.4 Monitoring during Construction Phase ...... 109
10.5 Monitoring during Operational Phase ...... 110
10.6 Monitoring report ...... 115
10.7 Cost of monitoring ...... 115
10.8 Commitment to monitoring ...... 115
11 Conclusions ...... 116 REFERENCES ...... 117 APPENDIX A – Approved Terms of Reference ...... 119
APPENDIX B – Concept and approvals ...... 120
APPENDIX C – Water Quality Results ...... 121
APPENDIX D– Survey Locations Map ...... 122
APPENDIX E– Detailed Work Schedule ...... 123
APPENDIX F– CV of Consultants ...... 124
APPENDIX G – Stakeholder Consultation List ...... 125
APPENDIX H – Proponent Declaration and Commitment Letter ...... 126
APPENDIX I – Acknowledgement letter by Atoll Coucil ...... 127
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| v EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Location map of project site...... 4 Figure 1.2: Locality map and environmentally sensitive zones in the vicinity ...... 5 Figure 1-3: Satellite Image of project site ...... 6 Figure 1-4: Study Area boundary ...... 9 Figure 2.1: Proposed Water Supply Network Plan ...... 16 Figure 2.2: Process flow diagram of water producion system ...... 20 Figure 4.1: Monthly Frequencies of Wind Direction in Central Maldives based on National Meteorological Center 10 year Data (adapted from Naseer, 2003)...... 37 Figure 4.2: 24 Year Wind Frequency Recorded at National Meteorological Center...... 37 Figure 4.3: Mean Daily Wind Speed and Direction Recorded at National Meteorological Centre (1978 – 2004) ...... 38 Figure 4.4: Mean Monthly Rainfall in Hulhule’ (1975-2004) ...... 39 Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975-2005) - (Source: Hay, 2006) ..... 39 Figure 4.6: Maximum Temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2005 (Source: Hay, 2006) ...... 40 Figure 4.6: Estimated wave regime around Funadhoo Island ...... 44 Figure 4.7: Observed current flow patterns on the reef – from high to low tide ...... 45 Figure 4.9: RO Plan Site is dominated by Palm Trees (Cocos nucifera ...... 52 Figure 4.10: Some small old structures found at the proposed site ...... 52 Figure 4.11: Some roads require minimal development work to straighten it before the network can be laid ...... 52 Figure 4.12: A large Banyan Tree found in the middle of the road ...... 52 Figure 4.13: Road vegetation is dominated by Breadfruit trees ...... 52 Figure 4.14: Some roads have been already cleared to lay tar roads ...... 52 Figure 4.15: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1 ...... 54 Figure 4.16: Select images along Transect 1 ...... 54 Figure 4.17: Composite hazard zoning map of Funadhoo Island (source: UNDP, 2009) ...... 57 Figure 4.18: Population Size by locality, Shaviyani Atoll, Census Preliminary Results 2014 ... 58 Figure 4.19: Sex ratio by locality, Shaviyani Atoll, Census Preliminary Results 2014 ...... 59 Figure 5.1: Estimated Affected Area ...... 65 Figure 8.1: Alternative Outfall Locations ...... 96 Figure 9.1: Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram...... 98 Figure 9.2: Environmental Reporting Process ...... 100
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| vi EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
List of tables
Table 1.1: Summary of basic information about Funadhoo ...... 3 Table 1.2: Weather conditions during the field survey period ...... 9 Table 1.2: Limitation of the study...... 14 Table 2.7: Major Project Inputs ...... 23 Table 2.8: Major Project Outputs...... 25 Table 4.1: Key Meteorological Information of the Maldives ...... 35 Table 4.2: Summary of General Wind Conditions from Hanimaadhoo Meteorological Center .. 36 Table 4.3: Tidal Variations at Male’ International Airport (Source: MEC, 2004) ...... 40 Table 4.4: Tidal Variations at Hulhule International Airport ...... 41 Table 4.5: Design tide levels and tide ranges with different recurrence intervals in tide station of Hulhule Island ...... 41 Table 4.6: Ground water quality assessment results ...... 46 Table 4.7: Marine water quality assessment results ...... 47 Table 4.8: Ambient noise levels around the proposed RO Plant Site ...... 47 Table 4.9: Floral inventory of proposed project site ...... 50 Table 4.10: Summary of Fish census survey at T1, Sh Funadhoo ...... 55 Table 4.11: Rapid onset flooding hazards...... 56 Table 4.12: Population figures for Census 2006 and 2014 for Sh.Funadhoo ...... 60 Table 5.1: Impact Identification Matrix for the project ...... 66 Table 5.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment ...... 67 Table 5.3: Key sensitive receptors in the project vicinity ...... 72 Table 7.1: List of members of Funadhoo Public interviewed ...... 93 Table 8.1: Summary of “No Project” Alternative ...... 94 Table 9.1: Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase ...... 101 Table 10.1: Monitoring Schedule for Pre-construction Stage (if required) ...... 111 Table 10.2: Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage ...... 112 Table 10.3: Monitoring Schedule for Operations Stage ...... 114
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| vii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
List of Abbreviations
oC Degree Celsius µS/cm Micro Siemen per Centimetre COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set dB Decible EIA Envrionmental Impact Assessment ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas GPS Global Positioning System IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MEE Ministry of Environment and Energy mg/L Miligram per Liter MHI Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure MPN Most Probable Number MSL Mean Sea Level MWSC Maldives Water and Sewerage Company NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NE North East NEAP II National Environmental Action Plan II NW North West R.O. Reverse Osmosis SAP Strategic Action Plan SE South East SW South West TDS Total Dissolved Solids ToR Term of Reference UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| viii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Acknowledgement
The lead author of this report is Dr. Ahmed Shaig
Additional assessments and field assistance were provided by the following team members.
Ms. Aminath Inan Abdul Muhsin (Stakeholder Consultations)
Ms. Shahdha (Socioeconomic Assessment)
Mr. Mohamed Ali (Marine Environment Specialist)
Mr. Ali Moosa Didi (Surveying & Mapping)
Mr. Ali Nishaman (Terrestrial Environment Assessment)
The curriculum vitae’s of the EIA consultants are attached in Appendix F of this report.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| ix EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Lead Consultant’s Declaration
I certify that statements made in this Environment Impact Assessment are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and available information.
Dr Ahmed Shaig
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| x EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Proponent’s Declaration
Page internationally left blank
Please Refer to Appendix H
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xi EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Executive Summary
This document is submitted by the Ministry of Environment to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to fulfil the requirement for an EIA under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93), for the proposed installation of a water supply system on Funadhoo Island located in Shaviyani Atoll. The main rationale of the proposed project is to provide safe, potable water to the residents of Funadhoo.
The key components of the project includes, installing a Reverse Osmosis (RO) water plant and supply and distribution system. Feed water for the RO plant will be pumped from bore wells. The bore wells will be drilled to 30 meters depth on the island. A brine outfall pipeline will be installed to dispose of reject water from RO plant to the existing harbour basin. Ultrafiltration will be integrated into the entire water production system. Water distribution system will be designed with two pumps, one on operation and the other as standby. The pump system will be provided with variable speed drives to maintain a constant pressure in the water distribution network. Two Water storage tanks to cater for seven days of water demand will be used in the system. The water distribution will consist of PE/HDPE pipes laid underground. Each house will be provided with a single connection with a water meter and tap. The project is expected to be completed within 10 - 12 months
All project activities will be in conformance to the laws and regulations of the Maldives, and relevant international conventions that Maldives is party to. The key laws and regulations applicable to this project are: Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012, Desalination Systems Regulations, and Waste Management Regulation 2013.
Funadhoo Island is a moderately sized island that has undergone a number of environmental modification, including addition an airport strip recently via reclamation. The proposed site for RO plant installation is quite open with little to no understory present and accessible on three sides with developed roads. The site is currently unused and has been utilized in the past for repairing/storing boats by the nearby workshops. The proposed water distribution network covers the entire road network of the island. There are trees along the centre of some of these roads but they are highly unlikely to require removal as the proposed water line is to be laid on the sides of the roads. Groundwater assessment shows that most locations are contaminated with faecal coliform.
The assessment shows that the proposed developments involve positive and negative impacts on the environment. The negative impacts were mainly minor or moderately negative impacts, most reversible over time. The brine outfall poses a risk of leakage to groundwater and potential
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll degradation of groundwater quality. Accidental spillage during construction also poses a risk to groundwater, soil condition and marine environment. On the other hand, the increase in water security and sustainability is a major positive impact. Pipe installation works will require blockage of roads to some extent and diversion of traffic. In addition pipe installation works will require blockage of roads to some extent and diversion of traffic.
The negative impacts predicted could be minimized considerably with the proposed mitigation measures suggested in the report. Special attention needs to be paid during construction stage to minimise damage to the environment especially when outside contractors in operation. It is important that proper monitoring be undertaken during construction stage to identify any unwarranted practices and activities.
Key stakeholders consulted for this project are Funadhoo Island Council, random members of the public of Funadhoo Island, Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE), Health Protection Agency, Ministry of Housing and Environment, Service providers in Funadhoo such as FENAKA, Dhiraagu and MTCC. Majority of the stakeholders consulted from the island expressed strong support for the project and eagerness for a swift start to the project.
The ‘No Project’ alternative was considered, however given the substantial benefits to the island community of Funadhoo from the proposed water supply system, the preferred option is to go ahead with the project. Alternative brine outfall location directly west of the RO plant to the open lagoon was also considered. However due to the uncertainties of future development plans in the alternative location, it was recommended to temporarily dispose brine into the harbour basin until reclamation, and harbour extension projects are completed, and to relocate the pipeline to this location.
Monitoring of the project is crucial particularly the changes to water quality. Particular attention should be given groundwater and marine water quality. A detailed environmental monitoring report is required to be compiled and submitted to Environmental Protection Agency annually based on the data collected for monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring plan given in the EIA. The cost of monitoring is estimated to be MVR 75,000.00 annually.
Overall, the proposed project will have significant positive socio-economic impacts on Funadhoo Island by facilitating safe and sustainable water and by catering for the current and future water demands of Funadhoo. The findings of this EIA are that if the proposed project activities proceeds as described and in accordance with the recommendations outlined in this report, it will limit significant adverse environmental impacts.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xiii EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
،
،
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xiv EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
،
، ، ،
، ،
،
،
،
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xv EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the EIA
This Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is an evaluation of the potential environmental impacts the proposed water supply system at Funadhoo Island, located in Shaviyani Atoll.
This document is submitted by the proponent to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to fulfil the requirements for an EIA under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (EPPA) of the Maldives (4/93), specifically clause 5 of the Act which states that a report should be submitted before implementation of any project that may have a potential impact on the environment.
This report provides the background to the proposed project components as well as an assessment of their likely environmental and social impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The proposed enhancement and mitigation measures are outlined where necessary together with an environment management plan and a monitoring programme.
1.2 Project Proponent
This project is a joint undertaking by Ministry of Environment (MoE). MoE is the government agency responsible for planning implementing water and sanitation systems in the islands of Maldives. The ministry is currently implementing a number of water and sanitation projects across Maldives:
Ministry of Environment Green Building Handhuvaree Hingun, Maafannu, Male’ Republic of Maldives Phone: 3018300 Email: [email protected]
1.3 Project Scope
The propose project covers seven main components
1. Construction of boreholes to supply raw water from Reverse Osmosis (RO) plants 2. Construction of RO plant building 3. Installation of RO plant system 4. Laying of brine outfall pipeline 5. Construction of water storage tanks
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 1 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6. Connection to households 7. Decommissioning
1.4 Project Background and Rationale
Fresh water scarcity is a serious concern in most of the inhabited islands of the Maldives. Freshwater resources occur in the islands of Maldives only as groundwater in basal aquifers, mostly unconfined in nature and extending below sea level in the form of thin freshwater lenses. They are vulnerable to saline intrusion owing to the freshwater-seawater interaction, making fresh water a scarce resource. The unavailability of proper water not only cause inhibition to economic growth, social development and human health but also causes severe ecosystem damage due to water abstraction rates exceeding natural renewal rates. Furthermore, the lack of proper sewerage systems or sanitation, highly permeable soils, over extraction and high population densities in these communities cause contamination of the existing underground water lenses, making it foul smelling, undesirable and unhealthy for human consumption, limiting its usefulness as a resource.
To cope with this water paucity many islanders in the Maldives turn to rainwater harvesting. However, the rain water harvested from the local roofs and the storage mechanism do not prove to be of the best practice as the catchment area are open for numerous types of contaminations causing rapid deterioration of the quality of water. These include addition of impurities from bird droppings, cats, rats other mobile organism’s faecal matter. Moreover, there are no means of testing the quality of the harvested water or treating the water further. Hence it has become impossible to rely totally on natural resources and therefore it has become inevitable not to go for the alternative of desalination to supplement good quality water for human intake in the Maldives.
In the recent past, government has formulated a policy towards ensuring all inhabited islands have water supplies that meet basic requirements and supply safe water for drinking and cooking purposes. Efforts are being sorted out to improve the water supply in the atolls through the simultaneous enhancement of community rainwater collection and storage facilities and construction of desalinated water supply systems.
The state of Funadhoo, for the need of a sustainable fresh water supply system is no different. Hence, to cater for the basic water requirement of the population of Funadhoo the Ministry of Environment and Energy have signed an agreement with MWSC to design water supply facilities in the island.
1.5 Aim and Objectives
The overall aim of this project is to enhance the quality of services and quality of life of residents of Funadhoo by establishing a proper and reliable water supply system.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 2 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The main objectives of the overall project:
1. Ensure attainment of safe and sustainable water for the people of Sh. Funadhoo
2. Develop storage tanks for 7-day water storage system.
1.6 Project Location
Table 1.1 provides a summary of the basic information about Funadhoo Island.
The proposed project encompasses the entire settlement of Funadhoo. Site location map and satellite image is presented in Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.4 respectively. Figure 1.3 shows the sensitive environments with in the vicinity.
There is one Protected Area located on the same reef at Farukolhu Island.
Table 1.1: Summary of basic information about Funadhoo
Island Name Shaviyani Funadhoo Alternative names - Location 73°17'23.27"E, 6° 8'58.73"N Island Area Within Vegetation Line 87.47 Ha (0.87 sq km) Within Low Tide Line 93.47 Ha (0.93 sq km) Wetland Area 13.22 Ha (0.13 sq km) Reef Area Over all area 950 Ha (9.5 sq km) Within shallow reef 720 Ha (7.2 sq km) Length About 2950 m Width at the widest point About 580 m Distance to Hulhule Int. Airport About 216 km Distance to Male’ City About 218 km Distance to nearest resort About 68 km to Hanimaadhoo
Summary of Site Conditions
The proposed site is an inhabited island which has been highly modified, and reclaimed recently. There are sensitive wetland and terrestrial environments on Funadhoo and within the vicinity of the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 3 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 1-1: Location map of project site
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|4 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 1.2: Locality map and environmentally sensitive zones in the vicinity
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|5 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 1-2: Satellite Image of project site
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|6 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
1.7 Consultants, Contractors and Government Institutions
All the EIA related work is undertaken by consultants from CDE Consulting. Design criteria and technical specifications of the Water Supply Network have been developed by the Male’ Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC).
No donor agencies are involved in this project. The project financed and executed by the proponent.
Contractor has not been appointed yet.
1.8 Scope and Terms of Reference of EIA
The scope of this EIA is broadly based on the EIA Regulations 2012. The assessment more specifically adheres to the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the EPA on 25 October 2017 (ToR number: 203-EIARES/438/2017/191). The ToR is based on scoping meetings held at the EPA on 25 October 2017. A copy of the ToR is attached in Appendix A.
The EIA report contains the following main aspects.
A description of the project including the need for the project, how the project will be undertaken, full description of the relevant parts of the project, implementation schedules, site plans and summary of project inputs and outputs (Chapter 1&2). A description of the pertinent national and international legislation, regulations and policies that are relevant and applicable to the project and a demonstration of how the project conforms to these aspects (Chapter 3) Information on the baseline environmental condition of the project site; this includes information on marine flora and fauna, marine water quality, marine environment near the project site (Chapter 4). An assessment of the potential impacts during both construction and operational stages of the project as well as identification and cost of the potential mitigation measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts during both construction and operation stages of the project (Chapter 5 & 6) Stakeholder consultations (Chapter 7) Assessment of alternatives for the proposed project (Chapter 8) Details of the environmental management and monitoring plan (Chapter 9 and 10) Potential gaps in information (Chapter 11) Main conclusions (Chapter 12)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|7 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
1.9 Assessment Methodology
1.9.1 General Approach
This EIA is broadly guided by the EIA Regulations 2012.
This report has been prepared to ensure that the significant environmental and social impacts of the proposed project at the preconstruction, construction, operation and demobilising stages have been considered and assessed at the project planning phase.
The process followed in the preparation of this EIA report consists of six parts. These are: scoping consultations; literature review; field surveys; stakeholder consultations; analysis of results; and compilation of the assessment in the form of a report.
In order to conduct a broad based and inclusive study, the proponent and the consultant have from the onset ensured the exercise is participatory. As such, discussions have been held with community members in the projects area and relevant stakeholders with the assistance and coordination of the proponent.
1.9.2 The Study Area
The area impacted by projects like these can be quite wide particularly when the socio-economic impacts are considered. The study area of this project considers that the entire island and reef system of the island of Funadhoo will be affected.
Based on the results of the initial scoping of potential environmental impacts and the identification of sensitive aspects of the environment we have identified the following geographical areas likely to be affected at the various stages of the Project:
o The most direct physical impact will be on-site in the area of the actual physical interventions, particularly the excavation, and pipe-layout area including the sewage out fall pipeline area, pump stations, and administrative building area. To ensure the impacts are fully covered the entire island environment system is studied. o During operation of the water supply network, the project is expected to bring about positive impact to the groundwater condition, and overall health of the resident population. However direct discharge of brine to reef may adversely impact the reef ecosystem.
Study area boundary is presented in Figure 1.1 and survey locations map for the project is attached in Appendix D.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|8 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 1-3: Study Area boundary
1.9.3 Field Observations
Field assessments were undertaken on the site between 13th February and 14th February 2018. Field visits mainly covered reef system, bathymetry, vegetation, lagoon physiography, wave conditions assessment, water quality, and fauna assessment of the proposed project site. In addition, public and stakeholder consultations were carried out in the island, specifically for this EIA.
Table 1.2: Weather conditions during the field survey period
Factors 13/02/2018, 12:00PM 14/02/2018, 12:00PM
General: Scattered Clouds Partly Sunny
Temperature: 30 oC 30 oC
Wind (Direction): N NW
Wind (Speed): 8 km/h 17 km/h
Humidity: 67% 70%
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|9 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Coastal Processes
Lagoon currents were measures using drogue method. About 3 measurements were undertaken from every site and an average value is determined.
Tide data has been taken from Male’ International Airport Tide Gauge.
Wave patterns have been estimated using secondary studies and visual field assessments.
Bathymetry and topographic survey
The bathymetric survey was conducted using the Sonarmite Echo-sounder coupled with the RTK GPS attached to a survey vessel. The bathymetric survey conducted using a 25 m grid with data collected up to the reef line.
Vertical control was established by doing a tide observation on site during the surveyed period. The observation was calculated and reduced to the MSL using the predicted tide table provided by Maldives Metrological Service, (UH SEA LEVEL CENTER Data). Predicted tide data of Hulhule’ tide station was used for the corrections
Marine Assessments
Photo Quadrat Survey
The benthic composition of the substrate was assessed by taking ten high-resolution images every 5 m (pictures covering 0.5m2 of the seabed) along the same transect line used for the fish surveys. These were later analysed using CPCe. CPCe, or Coral Point Count with excel extension, developed by the National Coral Reef Institute, is software designed to determine coral community coverage and diversity using transect photographs. Underwater photographic frames are overlaid by a matrix of randomly generated points, and the fauna/flora of species or substrate type lying beneath each point is identified. 20 random points per picture were analysed to characterize the substrate composition (sample size: 200 points per transect).
Fish census
Fish census was carried at each line transect survey location. All fishes observed along 50 m belt transect at each site was recorded and their abundance recorded as follows: Single (1), Few (2- 10), Many (11-100) and Abundant (>100).
Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the lagoon. General status of these sites were recorded, special attention was given to types of corals and fishes present at these
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|10 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll sites and the environmental conditions that could affect growth such as suspended solids, depth, and other threats to coral life
Terrestrial Assessments
Floral Survey
The vegetation of the proposed work sites was studied using ground observations. Vegetation types along the observation walks were recorded for their abundance, types of species and successional patterns.
Faunal Survey
Terrestrial fauna was not surveyed in detail as the occurrence of fauna is often found to be minimal during the brief survey period. However, based on similar conditions found elsewhere in the Maldives, and local accounts on species found at the location, an approximate list of the faunal species have been compiled.
Water Quality
Sea and Ground water was collected from three different locations based on proposed developments.
Groundwater parameters measured include salinity, pH, temperature, fecal coliform, and total coliform. Samples were collected in clean 1.5L PET bottles and sterilised bags.
Seawater sample measured included pH, temperature, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and conductivity.
Onsite tests were carried out using a multi-parameter probe.
1.9.4 Desk Study Review
A literature review was conducted to acquire background information on the site and its environment as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of similar developments in island settings. In this context, the EIA Regulations 2012, best practices from similar development activities, scientific studies undertaken in similar settings around Maldives and previous documents/historical publications was considered.
The literature review comprised of, but is not limited to, the following:
Sh. Funadhoo Road Project EIA
Detailed Island Risk Assessment in Maldives
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|11 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Relevant regulations, including, Dewatering Regulation and Regulation on cutting down and uprooting trees.
Shaviyani Atoll Strategic Economic Plan
1.9.5 Key Stakeholder Consultation
Stakeholder consultations were undertaken with the following stakeholders:
Island Council of Shaviyani Funadhoo
Public of Shaviyani Funadhoo
Utility providers of Shaviyani Funadoo
Health Protection Agency
Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure
MWSC
Ministry of Environment and Energy
1.9.6 Data Analysis
The EIA experts used their experience and knowledge in their respective fields to analyses the data from the previous studies and field visits in order to determine the potential impacts of the proposed projects, the severity of effects arising from these impacts and how any adverse impacts can be best mitigated and positive impacts enhanced. This analysis provides the framework for the recommendations on corrective actions and remedial measures and provides the basis for the formulation of the environmental management plan which forms part of this EIA report.
1.9.7 Report Format
The report format and structure presented here follows the report formatting guidelines issued by EPA.
1.10 Study Team Members
The team members of this EIA are:
Dr. Ahmed Shaig (EIA and coastal environment Specialist) Ms. Aminath Inan Abdul Muhsin (Stakeholder Consultations) Ms. Shahdha (Socioeconomic Assessment) Mr. Ali Nishaman (Terrestrial Assessment) Mr. Ali Moosa Didi (Bathymetry and Shoreline mapping)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|12 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Mr. Mohamed Ali (Marine Surveys)
The curriculum vitae’s of the EIA consultants are attached in Appendix F of this report.
1.11 Potential Data Gaps and Limitations of the study
The environment of Maldives is generally poorly understood. This is due to the lack of detailed studies on the Maldives. Much of the literature on coral islands is derived from studies done in the Pacific which unfortunately has very different climatic and geologic settings.
Despite the numerous projects involving establishing R.O. plants and water supply networks in the Maldives, very little knowledge is published on the actual impacts. This is due to the lack of monitoring activities and poor implementation of the EIA regulations. A lot remains to be known about the actual impacts on the marine, groundwater environment, and human health following such projects.
Detailed environmental analysis for an EIA is often required to be undertaken in a relatively short period of time. Give the seasonal climatic variations in Maldives and the differences in local geomorphologic and climate settings in individual islands such a short time frame is often too little to assess selected aspects of the environment. This problem is compounded by the absence of long-term studies in other parts of Maldives. Hence, most EIA’s end up being based on an environmental snapshot of specific point in time. However, experienced EIA specialists can deliver a close match to reality based on a number of similar assessments.
Project information and planning and background data were not fully prepared or decided during the conduct of this study. Table 1.2 below provides a list showing data gaps in the study. Available documents in connection with data provided particularly the concept plan, experiences of CDE in other islands, particularly in the numerous land reclamation project assessments were used as the basis for preparation of this document. Therefore, it will be possible to analyse, implement mitigation and suggest monitoring measures to the most relevant negative impacts.
Environmental impact prediction also involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. As noted earlier, there is also no long term data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. It is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|13 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 1.2: Limitation of the study
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action Detailed Master Approved final master plan for the project At present, there is a concept plan but the Plan details can be worked out after the EIA approval.
Natural Hazard Detailed modelling of flooding and storm damage Data not available at local level; use broad Risks risks level studies undertaken for Maldives Environmental Historical and long-term records on reef and Baseline snapshots of the site taken to baseline data lagoon environment. design mitigation measures
Long-term site specific or even regional data (at Estimated based on other similar studies in least 2 years). Most critical data include current Maldives. Snapshot data for currents taken; and waves wave studies in Shaviyani atoll used
Socio-economic data of Sh. Funadhoo Island Primary data collection will be time consuming; Secondary sources will be used Environmental Environmental Standards for specific USEPA standards followed Standards environmental features such Air and Noise Quality Brine dispersal Long to Medium-term site specific data Not enough time to undertaken analysis. modelling
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|14 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The overall project involves installation of R.O. plant and installation of a water supply network. A brine outfall pipeline will be laid to dispose of reject water from R.O. plants and ultrafiltration will be integrated into the entire water production system.
The proposed plan is presented in Figure 2.1 and in Appendix B. The water supply network covers the entire island. The system was designed by MWSC.
2.1 Detailed Project Outline
2.1.1 R.O. Water Supply and Distribution System
2.1.1.1 Feed Water
Feed water for the Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant will be pumped from bore wells. The bore wells will be drilled to 30 meters depth and will pump out the required raw water for the RO plant. The feed water pumping capacity is designed such that one pump can supply required feed water for RO Plant and the other will work as spare/standby pump.
The conductivity of raw water from the bore wells shall reach 50,000 µS/cm at 30m depth, if not it shall be drilled to reach the required conductivity.
2.1.1.2 Pre-treatment of Raw Water
The raw water from bore wells will pass through primary filtration system which consists of multimedia filter or screen filter of 50 microns and bag filter with 5 microns.
The primary filtration removes dirt, dust and other sediments in raw water before being fed to RO membranes. The primary filtration system protects high pressure pump and RO membranes from very fine particles.
2.1.1.3 Reverse Osmosis Filtration
The pre-treated water will lead into the RO plant, where high pressure pumps will pump in pressurized water through pressure vessels with spiral wound RO membranes. Spiral wound reverse osmosis membranes filters the feed water, producing 30-33 percent of fresh water and the rest as concentrated brine or reject water.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|15 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 2.1: Proposed Water Supply Network Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|16 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The quality and quantity of permeate shall be supervised by the conductivity meter and flow meter. When the permeate water quality drops below the pre-set level, it will automatically divert to drain preventing low quality water to the storage tank. Furthermore the plant shall be equipped with flow meters for feed water and permeates as well as pressure transmitter/switches shall be incorporated so that it can automatically stop the plant in case of failure of feed water (low inlet pressure) and back pressure in the permeate line (high outlet pressure).
2.1.1.4 Post Treatment & Water Storage
The product water or permeate from the RO process will be passed through a degasifier to remove the dissolved Hydrogen Sulphide. It will then be pumped to the Storage Tanks by using transfer pumps. Water storage tank shall be sized so that it can store 7 days production of the RO plant. A disinfectant solution (Calcium hyper Chloride) will be dosed in to the inlet water pipeline of the storage tank. The disinfectant dozing pump system is an automatic system that can be fed with set points in order to maintain a constant level of disinfectant in the distributed water.
Two RO water Storage Tanks would be designed as circular tanks preferably Bolted Steel Tanks - RTP (Reinforced Thermostat Plastic) corrosion resistant tanks which is widely used in permanent water storage tanks around the world. These type of tanks are preferred than GRP storage tanks as these tanks could be erected as SILO tanks with small foot prints and greater height, while GRP tanks would require larger foot prints and could not be erected more than 5-6 meters.
The RTP tanks are tested to be long lasting and higher durability and less maintenance than that of GRP tanks.
2.1.1.5 Distribution System
Water distribution system will be designed with two pumps, one on operation and the other as standby. The pump system will be provided with variable speed drives to maintain a constant pressure in the water distribution network. The standby pump will run at any instant if the set pressure of the system cannot be maintained by the duty pump.
2.1.2 Description of R.O. plant operation
The operation of RO plant will be in two modes i.e. Automatic Mode and the Manual Mode. Below is a small description of the two modes.
2.1.2.1 Automatic Mode
To start up the plant, operator has to select the operation mode to automatic. After that the microprocessor in the control panel will take care of the whole process until it is fully started. Successful completion of each process triggers the next process. Therefore failure of one process
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 17 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll will fail the next process, thus fails the start up. This is a safety precaution made during programming of the processor.
The starting sequence of the plant is as follows.
1- Selection of the Automatic Mode by the operator.
2- Starting of the feed water (bore well) pump. As this pump starts the sensor/transmitter checks the pressure across the Sand filter and the bag filter. If it is not within the set limits the plant will be tripped for the necessary action like backwashing of sand filter or changing of the bag filters. If it is through then it follows the next step.
3- After the feed water is circulated through the membranes for the set time period to removes the airlocks. The pressure in the system will be raised to a few bars. After a time delay the next step will be triggered.
4- Starting of the High Pressure (HP) pump. The HP pump speed will increase gradually until it reaches the set limit. This is to control the high starting current of the motor. As this is started the transmitters/sensor in the HP line will monitor the pressure increase of the system. If it goes beyond setting the plant will be tripped as a safety precaution. It will monitor the membrane inlet pressure, pressure difference across the membrane modules, conductivity of the permeate etc.
5- When the plant is stabilized, the permeate bypass valve will close and permeate valve in the permeate line will open and let the product water to flow to the degassifier, dosing system and storage tank
6- Water in storage tank is designed to distribute to the network by pump system consists of two pumps; one pump is in operation and the other work as standby. The control system designed to maintain the constant pressure in the network hence standby pump will start automatically in any instance if the set pressure cannot be maintained by the pump in operation
2.1.2.2 Manual Mode
Basically in the manual operation each stage of the whole process will have to start and stop manually. This is risky since minimal alarms and protection is active.
2.1.2.3 Protections
The following protections are available in the system.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 18 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
1- Prevent operation of the plant with very low or no water flow to the system
2- Very High pressure to the membranes
3- Blockage/high pressure of the permeate line
4- Low Quality water going in to the tanks
2.1.2.4 Alarms
The system will be designed and programmed to give the following alarms. Alarm LED will be ON in the control panel
1- Feed pump Failure
2- Low feed pressure
3- High Pressure Pump Failure
4- High Membrane Inlet Pressure
5- High Permeate Conductivity
2.1.2.5 Power Supply
RO plants and equipment's will primarily be running from Island Power source. However a Generator set to accommodate the power requirements as a backup system with capacity to run up to 8 hours will be established in case of power failure from the Island Power Source.
2.1.2.6 Water Storage Tanks
Two Water storage tanks to cater for 7 days of water demand shall be used in the system. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic -RTP Tanks is preferred. The FRP-RTP tanks will follow ASME International Standard RTP-1-2000 “Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Corrosion Resistant Equipment may be followed.
For small size, tanks of HDPE material may be provided.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 19 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 2.2: Process flow diagram of water producion system
2.1.2.7 Water Network
The water network consists of PE/HDPE pipes. All the pipe mains in the distribution network will be of HDPE material and laterals made out of PE. Pipes should conform to PN6 for working pressure and PN9 for test pressure. Butt welding or electro-fusion method would be used for jointing pipes and fittings.
All water distribution pipes will be laid underground at a depth of 600mm below the ground level to safeguard the pipes from road traffic. Necessary Gate valves will be placed to control the water if water leakages/damages to any pipe without disrupting the whole network. In the network minimum of 63mm PE pipes to be used. Water Network is designed to cater each household, and are divided into zones (Figure 2.1). PE pipes from Outer Diameter 22Smm to 63mm will be used in network.
Even though there is an undeveloped land area at the island, the proposed design includes this undeveloped land to correctly size the water network pipes.
Water Network will be divided into zones (Figure 2.1) to avoid water disruption to the whole island in case of pipe damage/ leakage. Necessary Distribution Sampling Points (DSP) and Fire
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 20 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll hydrants are allocated in the network. There are also Flushing Points allocated to flush the water network for cleaning purposes.
The Network designed into 5 Zones. These zonal to be provided for repair purposes as stated in EPA guideline which shall be able to repair the network pipe in case of pipe damage without disrupting/shut down of the whole water supply network.
Water network will be designed and simulated using Water Network Design Software to exploit the best option for piping materials and sizes for the network. Hazen William's Equation may be applied for the design purpose with Coefficient of 120 as per EPA guideline by MWSC.
2.1.2.8 Household Connections and Water Meters
Each house will be provided with a single connection with water meter and tap. These house connections are to be draw from the water network through E/F saddles. Minimum sizes of 18mm pipe will be used for house connection.
Water Meter will be Class C or D of 15mm size for house connection. The meters shall follow in compliance with ISO standard IS04064-1:2014 or BSEN 14154-1:2005 or equivalent ASTM standard.
It is preferred to use already tested proven water meters that complies with the standards mentioned. "kent/ Elster" meter has been used in Maldives and preferred to be used since it has been proven its reliability, compliance with standards and durability of the maters. Other brand meters may also be used in compliance with water meter standards.
2.1.2.9 Brine Disposal
A Brine disposal line would be laid as shown in the site plan Figure 2.1. This is to dispose the reject water from RO plants and UF system. It is proposed to lay OD 225mm PE100 PN10 PE pipe.
After discussion with the MWSC, the proponent proposes to discharge brine to the existing harbour basin (Figure 2.1).
2.1.2.10 Administration Building
A Facility Building designed to accommodate the RO plants, UF systems will be established. This building would have an Office space, Laboratory, Generator room, Equipment Storage, Workshop and vehicle parking space as required.
An area of 1,207 m2 of land area allocated to establish necessary infrastructure of the systems.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 21 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The Site used for Admin building and Tank foundations are found to be normal condition and does not have any pond which might affect the stability of the building. Detail investigation of geotechnical shall be carried out by the contractor prior proceeding with the construction works.
2.2 Project Schedule and life span
The project work schedule is presented in Appendix E. There is no fixed start date for the project. The project is expected to be completed within 10-12 months. Mobilization and site setup will be undertaken during the first month or two. Civil works is expected to be completed within 8 – 9 months.
2.3 Environmental Management, Logistics and Safety Measures
2.3.1 Workforce and Services
It is estimated that about 20-30 workers will be required for the overall project. Workers will be accommodated in existing houses in Funadhoo or in temporary shelters. Contractor will be responsible for provision of accommodation to the workforce. The accommodation and office space would be arranged in consultation with council office.
2.3.2 Utilities
Existing island infrastructure will be utilised. Electricity, water and sanitation facilities will be provided for construction workers from the existing facilities on the island.
2.3.3 Construction Waste Management and Disposal
Small amounts of waste oil may be generated from the operation and maintenance of vehicles. All waste oil will be disposed as per the approved standards of the Environment Ministry.
The small amount of municipal waste during construction will be management using existing waste management system in Funadhoo.
2.3.4 Pollution and Emission Control Measures
The following measures will be taken to ensure minimal pollution during construction stage.
Machinery will be properly tuned and maintained to reduce emissions and minimize risk of spills/leaks.
All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals used on site will be stored in secure and bounded location to minimize risk of spill.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 22 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Fuel storage will be bounded
Spill kits will be maintained around island to handle any liquid spills
2.3.5 Health and Safety Measures
The contractor would ensure that Health and Safety procedures are complied with at all times.
All project activities would be carried out under the supervision of a suitably experienced person.
All reasonable precautions will be taken for the safety of employees, and equipment will be operated by competent persons.
Warning signs, barricades or warning devices will be provided and used. Necessary safety gear will be worn at all times.
Fire extinguishing equipment would be readily available and employees will be trained in its use. In general, water-based fire extinguishers would be used.
Oxygen, acetylene or LPG bottles will not be left free-standing. All welding and cutting will be done in accordance to high safety regulations by experienced personnel.
2.4 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs
The types of materials that will go into the development and from where and how this will be obtained are given in Table 2.7 and the type of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to the outputs are given in Table 2.8.
Table 2.7: Major Project Inputs
Input resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resources Construction stage Construction workers Local and foreign Recruiting agencies, etc. Engineers and Site Local and foreign Contractor’s employees or by supervisors announcement Construction material Timber; electrical cables and wires, DBs Import and purchase where and MCBs, PVC pipes, light weight locally available at competitive concrete blocks, reinforcement steel prices – Main Contractor’s bars, sand, cement, aggregates, responsibility. telephone cable CAT 5, PVC conduits, floor and wall tiles, gypsum boards, calcium silicate boards, zinc coated
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 23 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Input resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resources Construction stage corrugated metal roof, paint, varnish, lacquer, thinner...etc. Water supply (during Bottled water, ground water and rain Locally available sources, construction) water Purchased from local businesses; contractor equipment Machinery Excavators, loaders, trucks, barges, Contractor’s machinery or hire cranes, concrete mixers, etc. locally where available Maintenance material Maintenance parts and fluids required Import or purchase locally where for the machinery and piping. available Accommodation Existing houses in the island Locally rented Firefighting equipment Fire Extinguishers...etc. Contractor’s equipment Fuel Light Diesel, LPG Gas, Petrol, Local suppliers Lubricants Telecommunication Mobile phones and internet facilities Contractor’s responsibility Food and beverage PET bottles, glass bottles, packaging Contractor’s responsibility bottles waste, plastic bags and various frozen, packaged and fresh food. Operations stage Electricity supply Diesel. Local power supply system and UF system: 1 system requires 36 Kwh back-up generator set in the RO daily (power of 5.5 Kw, operating for 8 plant house hrs) Distribution pumps: 2 pumps require 34 Kwh daily (power od 3.0 Kw, operating for 16 hrs)
Operational staff Local. Approximately 10 Contractor’s employees or by announcement Raw water Saline underground water and harvested From borehole and from local rain water roofs
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 24 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 2.8: Major Project Outputs
Products and waste Anticipated quantities Method of disposal materials Construction stage Excavated earth Large quantity Used to backfill while laying out water distribution pipe network. Construction waste Moderate quantity Used as base material during water distribution pipe network Waste oil Small quantities Barrelled and sent to Thilafushi waste management site during demobilisation. Hazardous waste Small quantities Barrelled and sent to Thilafushi waste (diesel) management site during demobilisation. Noise Only localised Excavator and truck operation will be noisy. No option available. Food waste Small quantities Managed under existing waste management system of the island Plastic and packaging Small quantities Managed under existing waste management wastes system of the island Operation stage Brine Large quantities 67% Discharged through the ocean outfall of brine output from the system
2.5 Demobilization
The proponent advocates a phased demobilization plan to commence in the last week of the contract. Machinery transported from Malé will have to be demobilized on one specific date.
2.6 Maintenance during Operation Phase
During the first operational year, the facility and all contributing components will be maintained by the contractor. However, after the first year of operations, the facility will be handed over to Ministry of Environment and Energy. During the construction period and the first year of operations, the contractor would train locals from the island for various jobs associated with the facility.
2.7 Emergency Water Supply Plan
The proposed has been designed to cater 20L per day for drinking purpose. Water production and storage capacity has been calculated to cater for 7 days of storage. Detailed water demand for the island has been included in the detailed design report, which will be submitted to EPA after EIA submission.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 25 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
These legal and policy provisions have to be fully respected in carrying out the proposed development. All contractors and sub-contractors will be informed of these requirements. This project conforms to all relevant laws and regulations of the Maldives.
3.1 Relevant Environment Legislation
3.1.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93)
The Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) enacted on 19 March 1993 is the framework law related to environment protection in the Maldives. The authority responsible for the Environment Act is the Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Articles 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the law are relevant to the Funadhoo Water Supply System project.
Article 2 states that the concerned government authorities shall provide the necessary guidelines and advise on environmental protection in accordance with the prevailing conditions and needs of the country. All concerned parties shall take due considerations of the guidelines provided by the government authorities.
The project developers and contractors shall abide by any guidelines or advice given by the concerned Government authorities for the project.
Article 4 states that the Ministry of Environment shall be responsible for identifying protected areas and natural reserves and for drawing up the necessary rules and regulations for their protections and preservation.
The project developers and contractors shall ensure that there is no negative impact from the proposed project on sensitive environments in the vicinity or protected species.
According to Article 5 (a) of the Act, an Environmental Impact Assessment study shall be submitted to the Ministry of Environment before implementing any development project that may have a potential impact on the environment.
According to Article 5 (b), The Ministry of Environment shall formulate the guidelines for EIA and shall determine the projects that need such assessment as mentioned in paragraph (a) of this clause.
This report is prepared to fulfil this clause.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|26 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
According to Article 6, the Ministry of Environment has the authority to terminate any project that has any undesirable impact on the environment. A project so terminated shall not receive any compensation.
All project developer and contractors shall be aware of this provision and contractors shall take all practical measures to ensure there is no irreversible and significant negative impact of the projects on the environment
Article 7 of the EPPA (4/93) states that any type of waste, oil, poisonous gases or any substances that may have harmful effects on the environment shall not be disposed within the territory of the Maldives. In cases where the disposal of the substances becomes absolutely necessary, they shall be disposed only within the areas designated for the purpose by the government. If such waste is to be incinerated, appropriate precaution should be taken to avoid any harm to the health of the population.
All project contractors shall comply with the Environmental Management Plan presented in this report, which specifies how the wastes, oil and gases generated by the project will be disposed.
Article 8 of the EPPA (4/93) states that Hazardous/ Toxic or Nuclear Wastes that is harmful to human health and the environment shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country.
Any hazardous wastes that may be generated from this project shall be transferred to the waste management facility at Vandhoo or Thilafushi for disposal according to Government regulations and standards. It should not be disposed on the Island, as it does not have the necessary facility.
3.2 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines
3.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012
Environmental Impact Assessment regulations were issued by Environment Ministry on 8 May 2012. The first step in environmental assessment process involves screening of the project to be classified as one that requires an EIA or not. Based on this decision, the Ministry then decides the scope of the EIA, which is discussed with the proponent and the EIA consultants in a “scoping meeting”. The consultants then undertake the EIA starting with baseline studies, impact prediction and finally reporting the findings with impact mitigation and monitoring programme. This report follows the principles and procedures for EIA outlined in the EIA regulations.
The EIA report is reviewed by ME following which an EIA Decision Note is given to the proponent who will have to implement the Decision Note accordingly. As a condition of approval, appropriate environmental monitoring may be required and the proponent shall have to report
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|27 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll monitoring data at required intervals to the Ministry. The project proponent is committed to implement all impact mitigation measures that are specified in this EIA report. Furthermore, the proponent is committed to environmental monitoring and shall fulfil environmental monitoring requirements that may be specified in the EIA decision note as a condition for project approval.
This report complies with the EIA regulations.
3.2.2 Regulation on Sand and Coral Mining
Regulation on sand mining covers sand mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased; sand mining from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands; and aggregate mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased and from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands.
Coral mining from house reef and atoll rim has been banned through a directive from President’s Office dated 26 September 1990.
Sand should not be mined from any part of an existing island. Sand should also not be mined from within 100 ft. of the shoreline of the existing Funadhoo Island.
3.2.3 Waste Management Regulation 2013
Waste Management Regulation (WMR) was published on August 2013 and came into effect in February 2014. It will be implemented by EPA. The aim of WMR is to implement the national waste policy, which contains specific provisions to:
- Implement measures to minimize impacts on human health
- Formulate and implement waste management standards
- Implement an integrated framework for sustainable waste management
- Encourage waste minimisation, reuse and recycling
- Implement Polluter-Pays Principle
- Introduce Extended Producer Responsibility WMR contains four main sections:
- Waste management standards: Defines standards for waste collection, transfer, treatment, storage, waste site management, landfills and managing hazardous waste.
- Waste management Permits: Defines approval procedures for waste sites
- Waster transfer: Standards and permits required for waste transport on land and sea, including trans-boundary movements.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|28 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
- Reporting requirements: Defines reporting and monitoring requirements and procedures.
- Enforcement: Defines procedures to implement WRM and penalties for non-compliance. The proponent shall use registered vessels under this regulation for transporting waste to Thilafushi or Vandhoo.
The proponent should also ensure compliance from the subcontractors in handling and transport of waste from the island to the designated waste site.
3.2.4 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9)
This law is pursuant to Article 22 of national constitution that states that protection, preservation and maintenance of the Maldivian natural environment, the richness of the living species, the natural resources and the beauty of the Maldives for the present generations as well as for the future generations is a basic obligation of the Maldivian government. The government shall enforce that the activities conducted in order to gain economic and social development should be of sustainable nature that protect the environment and such activities shall not deteriorate the environment, endanger any species, damage the environment, and shall not waste any natural resources.
This regulation is also pursuant to Environment Protection and Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93). The regulation is aimed at maintaining equal standards for reprimanding and enforcing environmental liabilities, fines for those who violate the rules and regulations and give guidance to those who are involved in the implementation process of the regulations pursuant to Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93).
One of the key objectives of the environmental liability regulation is also to practice polluter-pay- principles in the Maldives.
All project developer and contractors shall be aware of this provision and contractors shall take all practical measures to ensure that all relevant laws and regulations, and the EMP proposed in this EIA is followed.
3.2.5 Compliance
In general, the proposed developments are in compliance with the laws and regulations described above. Where there is a special requirement to comply, the EMP identifies measures and mechanisms required to comply.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|29 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
3.3 Environmental Permits Required for the Project
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note
The most important environmental permit to initiate project work would be a decision regarding this EIA. The EIA Decision Note, as it is referred to, shall govern the manner in which the project activities must be undertaken. This EIA report assists decision makers in understanding the existing environment and potential impacts of the project. Therefore, the Decision Note may only be given to the Proponent after a review of this document following which the Ministry may request for further information or provide a decision if further information is not required. In some cases, where there are no major environmental impacts associated with the project, the Ministry may provide the Decision Note while at the same time requesting for further information.
3.4 Responsible Institutions
The main government institutions that have roles and responsibilities relevant to this project are summarised below.
3.4.1 Ministry of Environment
The Ministry of Environment and Energy (formed in 2012) formerly the Ministry of Housing and Environment is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection Act of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this respect EPA has now been mandated to manage all issues relating to Environmental Impact Assessment of individual projects.
The Ministry of Environment also seeks the advice of National Commission for the Protection of Environment (NCPE) on all significant environmental matters. The commission is appointed by the president and is mandated to advice the Minister of Environment on environmental matters such as environment assessment, planning and management, and political decisions with regard to the protection of environment.
3.4.2 Atoll Council
The Maldives is grouped into 20 administrative areas under a new local governance system. Shaviyani Atoll has an elected Atoll Council located in Funadhoo. The Atoll Council Office is the main focal point of Government Ministries in Male’ and they co-ordinate and liaise with
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|30 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll government ministries and elected island councils on all issues relating to the Atoll. A copy of this EIA will be submitted to the Atoll Council (Appendix I).
3.5 Guiding Policies and Documents
3.5.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II)
The aim of NEAP II is to protect and preserve the environment of the Maldives and to sustainably manage the country’s natural resources for the collective benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.
Accordingly, the key strategies of the NEAP II are:
Continuous assessment of the state of the environment in the Maldives, including impacts of human activities on land, atmosphere, freshwater, lagoons, reefs and the ocean; and the effects of these activities on human well-being Development and implementation of management methods suitable for the natural and social environment of the Maldives and maintain or enhance environmental quality and protect human health, while at the same time using resources on a sustainable basis Ensure stakeholder participation in the decision making process by consultation and collaboration with all relevant sectors of society Preparation and implementation of comprehensive national environmental legislation in order to provide for responsible and effective management of the environment Adhering to international and regional environmental conventions and agreements and implementation of commitments embodied in such conventions. Furthermore, NEAP II specifies priority actions in the following areas:
Climate change and sea level rise; coastal zone management; Biological diversity conservation; integrated reef resources management; Integrated water resources management; Management of solid waste and sewerage; Pollution control and management of hazardous waste; Sustainable tourism development; Land resources management and sustainable agriculture Human settlement and urbanization.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|31 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
3.5.2 Waste Management Policy
The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. Accordingly, the key elements of the policy include:
Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated; Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration; Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste. The proponents of this project must be aware of the policy and all solid and hazardous waste produced in this project should be disposed according to the Environmental Management Plan for the project, which reflects the principles of the Waste Management Policy.
3.5.1 Guideline for Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another
This guideline, published on 6 June 2017, outlines the standards that should be followed in undertaking the activities specified in 5(a) of the Regulation on cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to the other and provides the guidelines for approving such activities.
The guideline states that approval for cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to the other shall only be given to projects that meet the following conditions;
- Land clearance is necessitated by a public need such as agriculture, construction of social centre etc. - Funds are available for undertaking the activities - Project has written approval from relevant Government authorities
The regulation further states that prior approval from EPA is required before undertaking any of the above-mentioned activities. The proponent is required to lodge an application to EPA with the following information;
- Types, numbers and sizes of trees and palms in the project footprint - Location map of all trees and palms planned for removal and relocation - List of protected trees in the project footprint
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|32 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is required to be submitted to and approved from EPA for any such activities that involve removal of more than 200 palms and trees or involves vegetation clearance of more than 8250 m2 of land from an area that does not have any protected trees or prohibited trees under the Regulation on cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to the other. Projects that involve removal of less than 200 palms or trees or land clearance of an area less than 8250 m2, can proceed with approval from EPA with suggested mitigation measures provided the area has no protected or prohibited palms and trees.
The proposed project area does not have any identifiable protected or prohibited trees. A total of 23 large, and 20 small/medium coconut palms occurs at the proposed RO plant site (see Chapter 6.1.4 – for measures to mitigate loss of the palms).
3.6 International Conventions
3.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The objective of the convention is “the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. The proposed development activities outlined in this project does not fall on any area recognised for its ecological value. Therefore it is unlikely there will be a major loss of biodiversity. The loss is not going to be significant at atoll or national level. Yet, it is recommended that the developer ensures that adequate measures are in place to mitigate damage to biodiversity of the island and surrounding reef ecosystem.
3.6.2 UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. The objective of the Convention is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
The IPCC defines mitigation “as an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.” The greenhouse gas inventory of the Maldives forms an integral
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|33 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll part of the First National Communication of the Maldives to the UNFCCC. In March 2009, the President of the Maldives has announced the target to make Maldives carbon neutral by 2020. Hence, in the implementation of the project, careful attention needs to be given to ensure energy efficiency and reduce transport related fuel consumption. Furthermore, planting of beach vegetation would help in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the project.
The IPCC defines adaptation “as an adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects.” Various type of adaptation include anticipatory and reactive adaptation; private and public adaptation; and autonomous and planned adaptation. The adaptation policies and strategies of the Maldives are given in the Maldives National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA).
3.6.3 Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNCLOS provides a legal order for the seas and oceans to facilitate international communication, promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment.
3.6.4 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
MARPOL is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 and includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations - and currently includes Prevention of Pollution by Oil; Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk; Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form; Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships; Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships; and Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships.
All vessels used in this project must comply with MARPOL Conventions.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|34 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Physical Environment
4.1.1 Meteorology
4.1.1.1 Climate
The climate in Maldives is warm and humid, typical of the tropics. The average temperature ranges between 25C to 30C and relative humidity varies from 73 percent to 85 percent. The annual average rainfall is approximately 1,948mm. As Maldives lies on the equator, Maldives receives plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Significant variation is observed in the climate between the northern and the southern atolls. The annual average rainfall in the southern atolls is higher than the northern atolls. In addition, greater extremes of temperature are also recorded in the southern atolls. On average southern atolls receive 2704 hours of sunshine each year. Table 4.1 provides a summary of key meteorological findings for Maldives. The nearest meteorological station is Haa Dhaalu Hanimaadhoo Meteorological Office. This study uses National Metrological Centre at Hulhule’ Island due to availability of more comprehensive data.
Table 4.1: Key Meteorological Information of the Maldives
Parameter Data Average Rainfall 9.1mm/day in May, November; 1.1mm/day in February Maximum Rainfall 184.5 mm/day in October 1994 Average air temperature 30.0 C in November 1973; 31.7 C in April Extreme Air Temperature 34.1 C in April 1973; 17.2 C in April 1978 Average wind speed 3.7 m/s in March;5.7 m/s in January, June Maximum wind speed W 31.9 m/s in November 1978 Average air pressure 1012 mm in December; 1010 mm in April
4.1.1.2 Monsoons The climate of Maldives is characterised by the monsoons of Indian Ocean. Monsoon wind reversal significantly affects weather patterns. Two monsoon seasons are observed in Maldives: the Northeast (Iruvai) and the Southwest (Hulhangu) monsoon. The parameters that best distinguish the two monsoons are wind and rainfall patterns. The southwest monsoon is the rainy season while the northeast monsoon is the dry season. The southwest monsoon occurs from May to September and the northeast monsoon is from December to February. The transition period of southwest monsoon occurs between March and April while that of northeast monsoon occurs from October to November.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|35 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.1.3 Winds
The winds that occur across Maldives are mostly determined by the monsoon seasons. The two monsoons are considered mild given that Maldives is located close to the equator. As a result, strong winds and gales are infrequent although storms and line squalls can occur, usually in the period May to July. During stormy conditions gusts of up to 60 knots have been recorded at Male’.
Wind has been uniform in speed and direction over the past twenty-plus monsoon seasons in the Maldives (Naseer, 2003). Wind speed is usually higher in central region of Maldives during both monsoons, with a maximum wind speed recorded at 18 ms-1 for the period 1975 to 2001. Mean wind speed as highest during the months May and October in the central region. Wind analysis indicates that the monsoon is considerably stronger in central and northern region of Maldives compared to the south (Naseer, 2003).
Besides the annual monsoonal wind variations there are occasional tropical climatic disturbances (tropical storms or low intensity tropical cyclones) in the central region which increases wind speeds up to 110 km/h, precipitation to 30 to 40 cm over a 24 hour period and storm surges up to 3 m in open ocean (UNDP, 2006).
Table 4.2 summarises the wind conditions in central Maldives throughout a year. Medium term meteorological data from the National Meteorological Centre (see Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3) and findings from long-term Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) are used in this analysis. National Meteorological Centre data is used here as it contains the most comprehensive set of data compared to Hanimaadhoo, which became operational only in the 1990s.
Table 4.2: Summary of General Wind Conditions from Hanimaadhoo Meteorological Center
Season Month Wind NE - Monsoon December Predominantly from NW-NE. January High Speeds from W February Transition Period 1 March From all directions. Mainly W; High Speeds from W. April SW - Monsoon May Mainly from W. June High Speeds from W. July August September Transition Period 2 October Mainly from W. November High Speeds from W
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|36 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 4.1: Monthly Frequencies of Wind Direction in Central Maldives based on National Meteorological Center 10 year Data (adapted from Naseer, 2003).
N NNW NNE 2500
NW 2000 NE 1500 1000 WNW ENE 500
W E
WSW ESE
SW SE
SSW SSE S
Figure 4.2: 24 Year Wind Frequency Recorded at National Meteorological Center.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|37 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 4.3: Mean Daily Wind Speed and Direction Recorded at National Meteorological Centre (1978 – 2004)
The Disaster Risk Profile of Maldives (UNDP, 2006) reports 11 cyclonic events over the Maldives in the last 128 years, none of which crossed south of 2.7°N. All of these events were of category 1 cyclones. There have been no cyclonic events since 1993.
4.1.1.4 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall for the archipelago is 2,124mm. There are regional variations in average annual rainfall: southern atolls receive approximately 2,280 mm and northern atolls receive approximately 1,790 mm annually(MEC, 2004). Mean monthly rainfall also varies substantially throughout the year with the dry season getting considerably less rainfall. This pattern is less prominent in the southern half, however. The proportions of flood and drought years are relatively small throughout the archipelago, and the southern half is less prone to drought (UNDP, 2006).
The mean annual rainfall in Hulhule’ is 1991.5 mm with a standard deviation of 316.4 mm and the mean monthly rainfall is 191.6 mm. Rainfall varies throughout the year with mean highest rainfall during October, December and May and lowest between February and April (See Figure 4.4).
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|38 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Mean Monthly Rainfall in Hulhule' 250
200
150
100 MenRainfall (mm) 50
0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month
Figure 4.4: Mean Monthly Rainfall in Hulhule’ (1975-2004)
Analysis of daily maximum annual rainfall data shows high variability; including extremes (see Figure 4.5 below). However, no significant long term trends are evident in the Hulhule data.
Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975-2005) - (Source: Hay, 2006)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|39 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The probable maximum precipitations predicted for Hulhule’ by UNDP (2006) are shown in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Tidal Variations at Male’ International Airport (Source: MEC, 2004)
Station Return Period 50 year 100 year 200 year 500 year Hulhule’ 187.4 203.6 219.8 241.1 Source (UNDP, 2006)
4.1.1.5 Temperature
Daily temperatures of Maldives vary little throughout the year with a mean annual temperature of 28C. The annual mean maximum temperature recorded for Male’ during the period 1967-1995 was 30.4C and the annual mean minimum temperature for the same period was 25.7C. The highest recorded temperature for Male’ was 34.1C on 16th and 28th of April 1973. The hottest month recorded was April 1975 with a maximum monthly average temperature of 32.7C, the next highest being 32.6C in April 1998. The lowest minimum average temperature of 23.7C was recorded in July 1992.
There is considerable inter annual variability in extreme temperatures for Hulhule as shown in Figure 4.6. A maximum temperature of at least 33.5oC is rare at Hulhule and has a return period of 20 yrs (Hay, 2006).
Figure 4.6: Maximum Temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2005 (Source: Hay, 2006)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|40 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.2 Hydrology
4.1.2.1 Tidal Pattern
Tides in the Maldives are mixed and semi-diurnal/diurnal. Water levels at the site vary mainly in response to tides, storm surge or tsunamis. Tidal variations are referred to the standard station at Hulhulé Island. Typical spring and neap tidal ranges are approximately 1.0 m and 0.3 m, respectively (MEC, 2004). Maximum spring tidal range in Hulhulé is approximately 1.1 m. There is also a 0.2 m seasonal fluctuation in regional mean sea level, with an increase of about 0.1 m during February to April and a decrease of 0.1 m during September to November. Table 4.4 summarizes the tidal elevations reported at Hulhulé, which is representative of tidal conditions at the project site.
Table 4.4: Tidal Variations at Hulhule International Airport Tide Level Referred to Mean Sea level Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) +0.64 Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) +0.34 Mean Lower High Water (MLHW) +0.14 Mean Sea Level (MSL) 0.00 Mean Higher Low Water (MHLW) -0.16 Mean Lower Low Water (MHLW) -0.36 Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) -0.56
The tidal levels were simulated for the project site based on the tidal data from Hulhule’. The results are presented in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Design tide levels and tide ranges with different recurrence intervals in tide station of Hulhule Island
Recurrence interval (years) High tide level (m) Low tide level (m) Tide range (m) 300 0.78 -0.83 1.30 200 0.77 -0.82 1.29 100 0.76 -0.80 1.27 50 0.74 -0.78 1.25 20 0.72 -0.75 1.22 10 0.70 -0.72 1.19 2 0.63 -0.63 1.12
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|41 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.2.2 Waves
There are two major types of waves observed along the islands of Maldives. The first type is wave generated by local monsoon wind with a period of 3-8 seconds and the second type is swells generated by distance storms with a period of 14-20 seconds [Kench et. al (2006), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000), Lanka Hydraulics (1988a & 1998b)]. The local monsoon predominantly generates wind waves, which are typically strongest during April-July in the southwest monsoon period. Wave data for Male and Hulhulé between June 1988 and January 1990 (Lanka Hydraulics 1988a & 1998b) shows that the maximum significant wave height (Hs) recorded for June was 1.23 m with a mean period (Tm) of 7.53s. The maximum recorded Hs for July was 1.51 m with a Tm of 7.74s. The mean wave periods were 5.0 – 9.0s and the peak wave periods were within 8.0 – 13.0s.
Waves studies around Maldives have identified the presence of swell waves approaching predominantly from a southwest to a southerly direction Kench et. al (2006), Young (1999), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000) and Naseer (2003). The proposed site is exposed to swell waves approaching from the SE. The swells are generally present throughout the year but increases in intensity between June and August. The timings of these waves usually coincide with Southwest monsoon and occur between May and November with peak periods between June to October.
Based on existing wave and wind data, the predicted wave patterns around the island are summarized in Figure 4.7.
The proposed reef is exposed to wind generated waves during both monsoons and during transition periods. The western side receives the strongest waves during the peak SW monsoon and monsoon transition periods. The wide fetch within the atoll lagoon allows wind waves to form and reach Funadhoo Reef.
The atoll lagoon side (west side) of Funadhoo reef is generally protected from swells due to the presence of reefs on the western rim of the atoll. However, waves may refract through the reef passes and reach the western rim of Funadhoo Reef. This pattern has been observed in studies undertaken in Baa Atoll (Kench et. Al, 2006). Features present on the reef including rubble zones are indicative of strong SW monsoon conditions.
Wave conditions is expected to be particularly strong on the southern end of the island due to proximity to reef edge and wave refraction patterns in the area. In general, wave height on the ocean side is expected to be low.
In addition to swell waves, islands of the Maldives are also exposed to storm surges associated with localised storms and cyclonic events (UNDP 2009). The Disaster Risk Assessment report
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|42 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
(UNDP, 2006), reported that Funadhoo is located in a moderate storm surge hazard zone. The most likely direction of approach for these waves is from NE and NW.
4.1.2.3 Currents
Currents that affect the reef system of the island and the proposed project site can be caused by tidal currents, wind-induced currents and wave-induced currents. It is presumed that generally current flow through the country is defined by the two-monsoon season winds. Westward flowing currents are dominant from January to March with the change in current flow pattern taking place in April and December (Kench et. al, 2006). In April the westward currents become weak while the eastward currents start to take over. In December the eastward currents are weak with the westward currents becoming more prominent. Hence, currents within the site are very likely to be heavily influenced by the monsoons.
In addition, wave driven currents also appear to play an important role on the ocean side reef flat, and south end of the island, particularly since there is a year round presence of swell waves.
In situ current measurements varied based on location and tide. Data on current flow is provided in Figures 4.8.
These measurements should be treated with caution as it represents data for a single day and was observed only in a one hour window. Prolonged measurements over two seasons are required to provide exact values of current speed.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|43 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 4.6: Estimated wave regime around Funadhoo Island
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|44 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 4.7: Observed current flow patterns on the reef – from high to low tide
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|45 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.3 Groundwater quality assessment
The primary objective of the ground water quality sampling was to determine the baseline conditions of the ground water at the island. Water samples were collected from three locations. pH, Temperature, Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, was tested in-situ using a multi-parameter probe. Microbial tests (Faecal and Total Coliform) were tested at the MWSC laboratory.
The following table below shows the test results of the ground water samples collected on 15th February 2018. Laboratory results are attached in Appendix C.
Table 4.6: Ground water quality assessment results
Results Parameter GW1 GW2 GW3 Physical appearance Pale Pale Pale Yellow Yellow Yellow pH 7.31 7.75 7.45 Temperature (oC) 28 29 28 Salinity (‰) 1.64 0.22 0.36 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 1503 592 365 Conductivity (µS/cm) 2940.0 475.1 562.1 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 31 56 >2420 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 2 1 32
Ground water qualities for majority of the parameters tested appear to be within acceptable ranges at all sites. Salinity levels are low at all location. However, the level of faecal coliform was recorded in high numbers at all locations.
4.1.4 Marine water quality assessment
The primary objective of the lagoon water quality sampling was to determine the baseline conditions of the marine water around the project site. Water samples were tested at 3 locations of the islands reef.
The following table below shows the test results of the marine water quality assessment 15th February 2018.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|46 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 4.7: Marine water quality assessment results
Optimal Results Parameter Range SW1 SW2 SW3 (EPA) Physical appearance - Clear Clear Clear Temperature (oC) 18 – 32 29.1 28.0 28.5 pH 8.0 – 8.3 8.07 8.13 8.5
o Salinity ( /oo) - 32.84 32.92 32.59 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) - 25200 25200 25000 Conductivity (µS/cm) - 50300 50400 49900
Marine water qualities for majority of the parameters tested appear to be within acceptable ranges at all sites.
4.1.5 Noise Level
Ambient noise levels were recorded at 4 sites along a 150m transect going north-east from the RO plant site (see Survey Locations Map). The table below shows the maximum and minimum noise levels at each sample. The most common source of noise at all locations were due to crows and passing traffic nearby.
Table 4.8: Ambient noise levels around the proposed RO Plant Site
Sample Site Minimum Maximum Average/LeQ (dB) (dB) (dB) N1 – Proposed RO Plant Site 52.6 77.3 64.2 N2 – Family & Children Service Centre 56.6 78.3 66.5 N3 – Mosque 60.1 84.0 72.9 N4 – Atoll Council 53.3 92.5 70.7
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|47 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.1.6 Bathymetry
Depth within the harbour basin was between -3 m and -3.9 m below MSL. The following figure shows bathymetry map within the harbour basin.
Figure 4.8: Bathymetry within existing harbour basin of Funadhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|48 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.2 Biological Environment
4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment
4.2.1.1 Flora
RO Plant Site
The proposed RO Plant site is located approximately 120m south-east of the harbour and 50m away from the shoreline. Due to its urban location, there are no natural vegetation groups found in the vicinity of this location, however the vegetation at the site can be classified as Mixed Woody Vegetation. The site is quite open with little to no understory present and accessible on 3 sides with developed roads. The site is currently un-used and has been utilized for repairing/storing boats by the nearby workshops in the past. Some remnants of these activities such as an old broken Dhoni and a small structure still exists on site, but as per the council these can be easily removed.
Of the five vegetation species recorded on site, the most abundant species were the Palm trees (Cocos nucifera – 23 large and 20 small/medium palms). Other species observed on site include Hirundhu (Thespesia populnea – 15 trees), Midhili (Terminalia catappa – 3 large and 4 small/medium trees). The understory is covered with mostly Magoo (Scaevola taccada) and Ahi (Morinda citrifolia) plants.
The site is easily accessible, and no unique trees or groups of vegetation were observed during the field visit. The removal of the palm trees will be the most significant terrestrial impact from this project. Since the project has not determined the exact design of the plant and its consequent footprint on the environment from the infrastructures, some of these trees may not be removed at all. Any palm trees that fall within the direct footprint of this project will need to be relocated elsewhere on the island, and the proponent will coordinate with the local council to carry out this activity.
Island Roads
The proposed water distribution network covers the entire road network of the island including some proposed roads for development in the future (south side of the island and around newly given plots). The issues regarding the clearance of these roads (if needed) were discussed with the council and the outcomes of these discussions are included in the stakeholder consultations sections. The details of these vegetation were not included in this EIA as it is not part of the scope of work of the client (MWSC) to develop entire roads.
They may need to remove some vegetation for their project such as the trees found on existing roads that may fall along the proposed network. The most dominant species observed along the roads is the Breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis – 33 medium/large trees). Other species observed
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|49 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll along the roads include a large Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis – 1 large tree observed on the south side of the island), a Date palm (Phoenix sp. – 1 small palm), Dhigga (Hibiscus tiliaceus – 7 medium/large trees), Midhili (Terminalia cattapa – 3 trees).
However, the removal of these trees is highly unlikely as they are found along the center of the roads, while the proposed water line is to be laid on the sides of the roads.
Vegetation Types
Since the main area of assessment (RO Plant site) is relatively small (compared to the size of an average island) and as there are relatively few species on the site, there are no specific vegetation groups that can be classified at this location. Generally, the site can be classified as Mixed Woody Vegetation dominated by palm trees.
Table 4.9: Floral inventory of proposed project site
Name Distributio # Remarks n (ACFOR) Family Scientific English Dhivehi Coconut Dhivehi 23 Large 1 Arecaceae Cocos nucifera A palm ruh 20 Small/medium Ficus 2 Moraceae Banyan Tree Nika R 1 Large Benghalensis Combretac Terminalia Country 6 Large 3 Midhili F eae catappa almond 4 Small/medium Hibiscus 4 Malvaceae Sea hibiscus Dhiggaa F 7 to 10 Large/medium tilaceus Kadhuru 5 Arecaceae Phoenix sp. Date Palm R 1 small Ruh Thespesia 6 Malvaceae Tulip Tree Hirundhu C 15 Large/medium populnea Artocarpus 7 Moraceae Breadfruit Banbukeyo C 33 Large/medium altilis Morinda 8 Rubiaceae Noni Ahi R 7 to 10 Medium/small citrifolia Goodeniace Scaevola 9 Sea lettuce Magoo C 10 to 15 small ae taccada
ACFOR: A: Abundant, C: Common, F: Frequent, O: Occasional, R: Rare
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|50 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.2.1.2 Fauna
General Characteristics
The site is located in an urban area and thus not much fauna was observed on the site or its vicinity. The only species recorded at the RO Plant site during the field visit was the common crow (Corvus linnaeus), and the common garden lizard (Calotes versicolor).
However, based on local accounts and experiences from similar conditions found in the Maldives, it can be said that some other common species such as the Rat (Rattus sp.), Asian Koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus), Fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus ariel) and other small fauna will be found in this area.
No bird species or other faunal species of significant importance was identified at the proposed RO plant site. According to locals, the mangrove area on the eastern side of the island used to attract a lot of birds in the past, but their numbers have decreased over the years. These birds are rarely found inland, and the project is unlikely to have any significant impacts on this area given that the intake is a borehole and the outfall is on the western side of the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|51 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.2.1.3 Pictorial Summary of Terrestrial Environment
Figure 4.9: RO Plan Site is dominated by Palm Trees (Cocos Figure 4.10: Some small old structures found at the nucifera proposed site
Figure 4.11: Some roads require minimal development work Figure 4.12: A large Banyan Tree found in the middle of to straighten it before the network can be laid the road
Figure 4.13: Road vegetation is dominated by Breadfruit Figure 4.14: Some roads have been already cleared to lay trees tar roads
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|52 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.2.2 Marine Environment
4.2.2.1 General Characteristics of the Reef
Funadhoo is a large reef system located on the eastern rim of Shaviyani atoll (north Miladunmadulu). The reef system supports another large island (Farukolu) to the north, and a sand bank (Dhe Ruh Huraa) and small rocky island (Bishuraa). The eastern and southern rim of the island is protected by a high beach rock.
The large hooked shaped bay formed on the eastern side of the island is protected by mangroves provide habitat for a variety of Rays (e.g. Black Blotch Ray, Cow Tail), fishes (e.g. Mullets, Milk Fish), arthropods (e.g. crabs, shrimps) and molluscs (e.g. Giant Clams).
4.2.2.2 Photo Quadrat Survey and Fish Census
Transect 1
This transect was deployed at 4 m depth, along the reef edge on the south western section of the island reef top.
Analysis of the photos shows that the dominant benthic substrate at this site is dead rock 50.14%± 7.22SE). Coral life was good at this site, making up about 26.03% of the surveyed area.
A total of 31 fish species 12 fish families were recorded during the fish census. Highest number of fishes were recorded from families Chaetondontidae (6 species) and Pomacanthidae (5 species). Members of Chaetondontidae (Wrasses) mainly feed on coral polyps, algae and small crustaceans While members of Pomacanthidae (Damselfish) are mainly algae grazers and feed on zooplankton in the water column.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|53 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
70.00
60.00 50.14
50.00
SE ± 40.00 26.03 30.00
% Mean Mean % cover 14.32 20.00 7.30 10.00 1.47 0.74 0.00 Live Coral Dead Coral with Old dead coral Rubble Sand OL (other live) Algae
Figure 4.15: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1
Figure 4.16: Select images along Transect 1
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|54 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 4.10: Summary of Fish census survey at T1, Sh Funadhoo
Abundance Species Common Name T1 Neoniphon argenteus Silver squirrelfish 2 Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod 2 Aethaloperca rogaa Red-flushed grouper 2 Variola louti Lunar-tailed Grouper 2 Lutjanus gibbus Humpback Snapper 2 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish 2 Chaetodon interruptus Yellow Teardrop Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon meyeri Meyer's Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon auriga Threadfin Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon collare Head-band Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon andamanensis Yellow Butterflyfish 2 Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish 2 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish 2 Chromis ternatensis Swallow-tail Puller 5 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller 2 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel 2 Pomacentrus philippinus Philipine Damsel 2 Abudefduf vaigiensis Sergeant Major 4 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse 2 Scarus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish 2 Scarus Caudofasciatus Bartail parrotfish 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth 3 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish 2 Canthigaster valentini Saddled Pufferfish 2
4.2.2.3 Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling survey was undertaken within the existing harbour basin, as this was one potential location for brine discharge.
Visibility was very low during the survey, the harbour basin was predominantly made up of sandy bottom. No significant fish life was observed within the harbour basin.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|55 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.3 Natural Hazard Assessment for the Site
According to the UNDP Disaster Risk Assessment Report of Maldives in 2006, Funadhoo located in an area exposed to tsunamis, wind storms, storm surges and to swell waves.
A detailed risk assessment study undertaken on Sh. Fundhoo (UNDP, 2009) could be considered as the main authority on natural hazard risks facing Funadhoo. The report states that Funadhoo could be exposed to swell waves, storm surges, tsunami, heavy rainfall and strong winds. The Predicted event scenarios for Sh. Funadhoo Island are given in the table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Rapid onset flooding hazards
Hazard Max Impact thresholds Probability of Occurrence Predic tion
Low Moderate Severe Low Moderat Severe e Impact Impact Impact Swell Waves NA < 2.3m > 2.3m > 3.0m High Moderate Low (wave heights on reef flat – Average Island ridge height +2.0m above reef flat) Tsunami 4.5m < 2.3m > 2.3m > 3.0m Moderate Low Very low (wave heights on reef flat) SW monsoon high seas 0.5m < 2.3m > 2.3m > 3.0m High Very low Unlikely
Heavy Rainfall 241m <60mm > 60mm >175m High Moderate Low m m (For a 24 hour period)
A composite hazard zoning map produced in the report is presented in Figure 4.16 below. Based on this map much of the present settlement is currently considered safe from major natural hazards. Experience from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami also shows that the island is naturally resilient to wave hazards due to the presence of wetland and the narrow strip of land to the east.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|56 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Hazard Zoning Map Multiple hazards
Intensity Index
Low 1 2 3 4 5 High
Contour lines represent intensity index based on severe event scenarios
0 300 600 meters
Figure 4.17: Composite hazard zoning map of Funadhoo Island (source: UNDP, 2009)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|57 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
4.4 Island Social Environment
4.4.1 Population Characteristics
According to preliminary results of Census 2014, Funadhoo had a total population of 2,099 in 2014. Out of the total enumerated population in 2014, 1,006 were males and 1,093 were females. There were a total of 87 foreigners; 60 male and 27 females, in Funadhoo at the time of 2014 census. In 2007, under the population consolidation programme of the government, population of Sh. Firubaidhoo were relocated to Sh. Funadhoo. Similarly, a major proportion of Sh.Noomara were relocated to Funadhoo, in 2006 and in 2012.
Funadhoo is the capital of Shaviyani atoll and has the highest population in the Atoll, making up 16.34 per cent of the atoll population. The figure below represents population sizes for the all administered islands in the atoll based on Census 2014.
The current registered population of Funadhoo, according to information provided by Island council in December 2016, is 2520, of whom 1234 were males and 1286 were females. According to Funadhoo Council, there are 3100 people currently residing in Funadhoo, including 214 foreign nationals.
2500 2099 2000 1889
1500 1360 11121,101
1000 792 741 Population 660 613 520 506 490 443 500 343
0
Figure 4.18: Population Size by locality, Shaviyani Atoll, Census Preliminary Results 2014
Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2016
4.4.1.1 Population density
Based on the information provided by Funadhoo council, Funadhoo currently has a population density of 39.74 persons per hectare. This is a significant increase in population density compared to population density at the time of Census 2006, during which the island had a population density
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|58 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll of 18.51 persons per hectare. In addition to natural growth of population, the increase in density can be explained by the relocation of population of two other islands, Sh.Firunbaidhoo and Sh.Noomara.
4.4.1.2 Sex ratio
In 2006, there were more females than males in Funadhoo with a sex ratio of 92 males per 100 females (Census 2006). In 2014, there were far less males than females in Funadhoo with only 89 males per 100 females. This may be a result of temporary migration of men to other atolls and industrial islands for employment. Funadhoo has the second largest difference in males to females in Shaviyani Atoll as seen in figure below.
120 98 100 89 89 89 86 85 85 84 81 79 78 78 80 75 74
60
40
20
0 Sex ration(males Sexration(males per 100 females)
Figure 4.19: Sex ratio by locality, Shaviyani Atoll, Census Preliminary Results 2014
Source: National Bureau of Statistics, 2016
4.4.1.3 Annual Population Growth Rate
Funadhoo experienced an increase in population during the period between 2006 and 2014 with an annual growth rate of 2.7. According to preliminary results of census of 2014, the population of Shaviyani atoll experienced a positive population growth with an average annual growth rate of 0.3.Table below shows the population figures for Funadhoo during census 2006 and 20014. The Government of Maldives has planned to develop Funadhoo as a regional hub and a centre for population consolidation. Hence, the population of Funadhoo is expected to experience a significant growth in the future.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|59 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 4.12: Population figures for Census 2006 and 2014 for Sh.Funadhoo
Census Census 2014 2006 Total Population 2,099 1,599 Male 1,006 767 Female 1,021 832 Source: Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2008 and National Bureau of Statistics, 2016
4.4.2 Education
There are two schools in Funadhoo; Shaviyani Funadhoo Preschool and Shaviyani Funadhoo School. According to School Statistics report published by the Ministry of Education in 2015, there were a total of 544 students in Funadhoo School in Grades 1-11. Out of the total student population, 274 were male and 270 were female students. The figure below shows the number of students enrolled in different levels of education by gender in March 2015 in Funadhoo School. Funadhoo School had 55 teachers; among them were 33 local teachers and 22 expatriate teachers.
The only preschool in the island is Funadhoo preschool. A total of 103 students were enrolled in Funadhoo Preschool in December 2016, according to Funadhoo Island Council. This includes 60 males students and 43 female students.
4.4.3 Health
There are no recent published reports on health statistics of Shaviyani Funadoo, thus all health- sector related information about Funadhoo has been provided on request by the Funadhoo island council.
The main health service facility on Funadhoo is Shaviyani Funadhoo Atoll Hospital. Health service seekers from many other islands in Shaviyani Atoll frequent the Atoll Hospital. Shaviyani Funadhoo Atoll Hospital currently has a total of 5 doctors, including 2 General practitioners, 1 gynaecologist, 1 Paediatrician and 1 anaesthesiologist. There are 4 public health workers, 26 nurses and 4 technicians. Additionally, there are 2 pharmacies on Funadhoo Island.
4.4.4 Utilities and Infrastructure
Since there are no recent published reports on utilities of Shaviyani Funadoo, all utility related information about Funadhoo has been provided on request by the Funadhoo island council.
Electricity service in Funadhoo is provided by Funadhoo island council. At present, there are 3 generator sets in the island; two of these have a capacity of 500kw and one has a capacity 250kw. Funadhoo has fuel storage of 85,000 litres and on average 55000 litres of fuel are supplied to the island every month.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|60 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Main source of water for the population is rainwater and ground water. Ground water condition is generally good in the island and is regularly used for household purposes. Funadhoo has a 10 Ton Reverse Osmosis desalination plant installed in 2005. However, the plant is not currently in operation and no household connection exists to supply desalinated water to household. The island has community rainwater storage capacity of 40,000 litres.
Funadhoo has a Gravity sewerage system operated by Fenaka Corporation. There 8 pump stations in the island.
There is a waste management centre in Funadhoo. Waste management service is provided by the island council including door-to-door collection from households.
4.4.5 Transport
Funadhoo has a 1200ft x 250 ft. harbour constructed in the year 2000 and redeveloped in 2010. At present, there is a road development project underway in Funadhoo funded by the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure.
Shaviyani Atoll does not have any operational airports. The nearest airports to Funadhoo are Ifuru Domestic Airport and Hanimaadhoo Domestic Airport. Both airports are approximately 1-2 hrs away from Funadhoo by speedboat. There are no scheduled ferries operating between Funadhoo and either of these airports, hence speedboat or ferry need to be hired to get to airport. An airport is planned for Funadhoo Island and is expected to alleviate current travel difficulties in Funadhoo and Shaviyani Atoll.
According to the island council, there are 2 ferries operating within Shaviyani Atoll and 6 passenger boats operating between Funadhoo and Male’. The most common method of transport within the island is by motorcycle.
4.4.6 Businesses and Employment
Since there are no recent publish data on business and employment in Funadhoo, information from island council and information gathered during this survey is used as the basis for this section.
Fishery is the main livelihood activity in Funadhoo. Currently there are 37 fishing boats and 272 fishermen in Funadhoo. Many of these are small fishing boats specialized in reef fishery.
At present there are 46 shops, 3 café’s, 1 cargo boat and 3 workshops in Funadhoo. There is one guesthouse in the island. There is one kitesurfing surfing and water sports business in the island. Local tourism has been proven challenging on this island due to poor transport connection with the main international airport and due to lack of operating tourist resorts in the region.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|61 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Viceroy Maldives Resort in Vangaru Island is the only operational resort in Shaviyani atoll at the moment.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|62 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
5 IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION
5.1 Introduction
Potential adverse and beneficial impacts of construction and operation stage of the proposed water supply system are identified and evaluated in this section. Significant impacts are identified and evaluated in two stages. The first stage identifies the environmental and socio-economic components that may be impacted from key project activities. The second stage determines the significance of impacts of each component. The following sections provide details of the evaluation of impacts.
Nature of potential impacts is defined here as No Impact, Adverse Impact or Beneficial Impact. Table 5.1 below provides the nature of potential impacts from the proposed project on environmental and socio-economic aspects by the project components. Where impacts are not applicable to different components, this is indicated as ‘X’. Some aspects may be affected both adversely (indicated as [-]) and beneficially (indicated as [+]) from the project.
5.2 Boundaries of Affected Areas
The estimated boundaries of affected areas are summarised in Figure 5.1 below. These boundaries are based on physical conditions and work methods proposed in the project without any mitigation measures. The extents shown are not absolute and should be treated as the best-guess scenario based on past projects.
5.3 Impact Identification and Evaluation
Environmental and socio-economic aspects that may be impacted by the project are identified in the impact matrices in Table 5.1 to 5.3. Assessments of the impacts are conducted based on the following criteria.
1. Magnitude: Refers to the quantum of change that will be experienced as a consequence of the impact. It is defined by the severity of each potential impact based on impact reversibility, irreversibility and potential rate of recovery. Impacts of high magnitude are those that cannot be mitigated substantially or involve substantial residual impacts.
2. Nature: Where the activity or component has direct, indirect or cumulative impacts from multiple projects or activities.
3. Duration: Refers to the temporal scale (i.e. duration, frequency) of the impact. It does not take into account the duration of the impact’s effects.
4. Distribution: Refers to the spatial scale of the area impacted. An impact can be site specific or limited to the project area; locally occurring within the immediate vicinity of
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|63 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
the project locality; atoll level; or at a national level. The four criteria are detailed using the following scale and attributes given in table 5.2.
5. Significance: Refers to the importance of the impact’s consequence or implications (ecological social, economic). An impact of small magnitude could have a very high significance and vice-versa (e.g. siltation of a small reef area with rare coral species has low magnitude but very high significance). Once an impact has been identified it needs to be evaluated using set of criteria. The key criterion considered in this study are:
a. The degree of reversibility of an impact (i.e. duration of its effects) is considered part of its significance.
b. Threats to sensitive eco-systems. For example, those leading to loss of key habitats and extinction of species, or those affecting Protected Areas.
c. Threats to key resources leading to depletion of resources or loss of livelihood associated with those resources.
d. Geographic extent of impact. For example, national or trans-boundary impacts
e. Duration and timing of the impact
f. Likelihood or probability of the impact occurrence
g. Reversibility
h. Resource use conflicts
i. Public views and complaints
j. Cumulative impacts on an area due to multiple projects
k. Uncertainty in impact predictions
l. Cost of mitigation
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|64 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 5.1: Estimated Affected Area
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|65 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 5.1: Impact Identification Matrix for the project
Project Activity
missions
Ambient noise level noise Ambient quality air Ambient GHG e Groundwater Processes Coastal water Marine and Flora Terrestrial Fauna Soil Condition and Flora Marine Fauna Integrity/ Landscape Scenery Risk Hazard Natural Safety Health and Resources for Demand Services and Local Economy Cohesion Social Construction Phase Mobilization and site setup - - - X X X X X X - X - X + +/- Worker accommodation and activities X X X X X X X X X X X X + + +/- Equipment and material storage X X X X X X X X X - X X +/- +/- +/- Site clearance - - - - X X - - X - X - X X +/- Construction of RO plant building and storage tanks - - - - X X - - X - X X +/- X +/- Installation of RO plants - X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Borehole construction - X - - X X - - X - X - X X X Installation of brine outfall pipe ------X X - X X - X X X Excavation and dewatering - - - - X X - - X - X - X X X Installation of water network - X - - X X X X X - X - X - - Demobilization - - - X X X X X X X X X X X X Operation Phase Operation of water supply system - - - X X X X X X X + - +/- + + Disposal of Brine X X X - X - X X - - X X X X X Maintenance works X X X - X - X X - X X X +/- + X
X (no impact), - (negative impact), + (positive impact)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|66 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 5.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Magnitude Interactions
Noise Pollution: Operation of Loud noise generated Moderately Easily Short Vicinity of Insignificant vehicles, machineries during during construction negative reversible term project sites (Limited mobilization, site clearance, works may be a nuisance hours of construction activities and to residents of the island, operation) demobilization is expected to particularly during road generate loud noises. excavation works
However these will not be operated continuously for a long period of time. Ambient noise level Noise Pollution: Operation of Without measures to Moderately Reversible Long Vicinity of Insignificant RO plant and pump stations is properly reduce noise, negative (with costly term RO plant (Limited expected to generate noise. loud noises generated implications) building and house of from RO plants and pump operation, However these will not be pump-stations may be a stations and design operated continuously for long nuisance to the residents includes periods of time. of the island. noise reduction measures)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|67 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Magnitude Interactions
Air quality degradation: Dust Cumulative from various Minor Easily Short Island level Insignificant and air emissions during air polluting sources in the negative Reversible term (Negligible transport of labour force and island. levels of dust Ambient air equipment’s to the project site. In and air quality addition air emission anticipated emission) during operation of machineries and vehicles.
Increase in GHG in Cumulative from different Minor Reversible in Short Regional Insignificant atmosphere due to construction project activities and over negative the long term term level (Negligible equipment, power generation for time amount of equipment GHG emissions over short GHG period) emissions Increase in GHG in Cumulative from different Minor Reversible in Long term Regional Insignificant atmosphere due to operation of project activities and over negative the long term level (Negligible RO plants and pump stations. time amount GHGs is anticipated to be released)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|68 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Magnitude Interactions
Accidental spillage of fuel or Cumulative from different Moderate Irreversible Long term Island level Major other hazardous substances could project activities negative pollute the groundwater. Indirect impact on terrestrial flora, fauna, and soil condition
Excavation can expose Groundwater deeper soil layer and groundwater to increased risk of contamination by accidental spillages
Leakage of brine via cracks in the Indirect impact on Moderate Reversible Short- Island level Moderate disposal pipeline into the terrestrial flora, fauna and negative over time term groundwater, lead to salinization soil condition in the of the groundwater. affected area.
Increased turbidity and Reduced water quality Minor Reversible Short- Site level Insignificant suspended solids during adversely affect marine negative over time term Marine installation of brine outfall life in the area, especially water reduce the quality of seawater. if the condition persists for a long period of time. Cumulative from different activities undertaken near
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|69 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Magnitude Interactions
this site (e.g. proposed future harbour expansion)
Increased level of salinity and Cumulative from different Minor Reversible Long term Site level Minor chemicals (e.g. those used for activities undertaken near negative over time negative cleaning the system, corrosion of this site (e.g. proposed system) in the area future harbour expansion)
Terrestrial Loss of terrestrial flora and fauna Cumulative from different Minor Reversible in Short Site level Moderate Flora and due to vegetation clearance and activities on the island negative the long run term negative Fauna worker actions (esp. at RO plant (e.g. road development) site)
Soil Accidental spillage/ leakage of Cumulative from different Moderate Reversible in Long term Site level Moderate Condition fuel, lubricants, etc. during project activities and over negative the long term negative construction time Marine Flora Brine disposal may adversely Cumulative from different Moderate Reversible in Long term Site level Insignificant and Fauna affect marine life. activities undertaken near negative long term if this site brine disposal is stopped
Landscape Loss of visual amenity due to Cumulative from other Minor Reversible Short Site level Minor Integrity/ built structures building and development with costly term negative Scenery works in the area implications
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|70 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Magnitude Interactions
Natural Operation of RO Plants will - Major Reversible Long term Island level Major Hazard Risk ensure water security in the positive with costly positive island, even during drought implications periods
Health and Accidents related to equipment Indirect impacts from Moderate Possibly Long term Island level Moderate Safety handling and pollution contamination of water, irreversible negative air and soil
Demand for Demand for freshwater, energy Cumulative impact on Negligible Reversible Short Island level Minor Resources and waste disposal will increase waste management term negative and Services during construction and facilities at Vandhoo or operation Thilafushi
Local Increase in employment - Minor Reversible Long term Island level Minor Economy opportunities: workers will be positive positive employed for operation of RO plant
Social Choice of work methodology, - Minor NA Short Island level Minor Cohesion construction workers or negative term negative contractors for the project, may lead to dissatisfaction amongst island population.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|71 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The preceding chapter has identified significant impacts to the environment upon and during the implementation of the above-mentioned project. This chapter aims to investigate details of those significant impacts. In addition, the chapter proposes appropriate mitigation measures in reducing the impact level.
6.1 Impacts on Natural Environmental During Construction Works
6.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts
During the mobilisation of equipment and operation of heavy machinery, it is anticipated that significant noise will be generated. The following activities are expected to generate noise pollution.
a. Operation of machineries such as small excavator, dump trucks, and concrete mixer during construction phase b. Mobilization and demobilization activities c. Borehole drilling
The key sensitive receptors in the project vicinity and likely impacts on them are summarised in below.
Table 5.3: Key sensitive receptors in the project vicinity
Sensitive receptor Expected disturbances due to high Likely Impacts on sensitive noise levels receptor and responses Residential area of Disturbance to residents of Complaints from to Funadhoo Island Funadhoo. residents of the island Sleep disturbance if work undertaken during night hours. Mangrove area of Disturbance to avian fauna roosting Some species of birds may Funadhoo Potential disturbance to nesting stay away Nesting may be affected for the construction period.
Increased noise levels from operation of machinery including construction works may be a nuisance to people in the area at the time of undertaking work. In addition, higher noise levels could affect nocturnal fauna that use auditory communication such as bats. Nonetheless, any
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|72 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll unfavourable disturbance to public and fauna in the island would be short term and limited to duration of construction.
Mitigation measures to manage Noise and Vibrations
• Vehicles and machinery will be tuned and well maintained to reduce unnecessary noise emissions. • All construction work will be carried out during daytime to minimise nuisance to the local community and disturbances caused to nocturnal fauna that uses auditory communication. • Construction works will be completed in the shortest duration possible. • Nearby communities will be notified of construction. • Records will be maintained for complaints by residents and measures will be taken accordingly.
With proper mitigation measures, it is unlikely that noise pollution impacts will cause long term effects such as human health risks leading to increased public and private health costs. No additional cost are involved in undertaking these mitigation measures.
6.1.2 Air Quality Degradation
Air quality may be deteriorated due to:
Operation of machinery such as small excavators, dump trucks and concrete machines during construction, excavation and dewatering. Construction works related to buildings and structures.
Dust and emissions from vehicle and machinery exhausts may degrade the air quality leading to long term health risks to the community. Due to relatively small size of islands that allow rapid turnover and flushing of harmful emissions, impacts from air pollution due to operation of machinery and construction works is considered insignificant.
With proper mitigation measures, it is unlikely that air pollution impacts will cause long term effects such as human health risks that lead to increased public and private health costs.
Mitigation Measures for degradation of Air Quality
Vehicles and machinery will be tuned and well maintained to minimise air emissions. Construction work will be carried out in as short duration as possible. Ground/soil will be kept damp to minimise dust from construction works.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|73 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6.1.3 Groundwater Depletion, Salinization, and Contamination
Project activities that may lead to groundwater depletion, salinization, and contamination of water resources are:
Installation of pipes for water distribution network. Borehole drilling Waste management and disposal including construction waste and domestic waste. Construction of buildings, and structures related to storage tanks, and desalination plant house.
Groundwater aquifer may be exposed during excavation and dewatering to lay pipes and, during other construction activities such as building of structures. Any accidental spill of oil and toxic substances has the potential to contaminate groundwater especially if the aquifer is exposed due to excavation. Likewise, during construction, significant quantities of waste will be generated where any mishandling of solid and hazardous waste could also pollute the aquifer. Waste disposal also has the potential to cause contamination of groundwater from leachate while waste is stockpiled.
In the Maldives, groundwater contamination is an irreversible impact due to the absence of impermeable layers to separate the freshwater lens in independent reservoirs. Accordingly, any point sources of pollution would cause the contamination of the entire island groundwater resources. For this reason, contamination of groundwater is considered a significant impact.
It is anticipated that only small quantities of fuel and chemicals will be used during construction. Power will be sourced from existing power supply therefore fuel for power will not be handled at the site. However, special care should be taken when handling oil, solid waste and hazardous waste to entirely avoid any accidental spills and leakage.
The pipelines of the water distribution network are proposed to be buried to a depth of 600 mm requiring a maximum excavation depth of 1 m approximately.
Construction of buildings and structures will require excavation and dewatering for foundation purposes. Excavation depth desalinated water tanks structures and desalination plant house is estimated at 0.6 m.
It is unlikely that dewatering will be required for the project. However, in the event of dewatering, impacts from dewatering will be felt on the groundwater aquifer primarily salinisation and reduction in volume of water in the aquifer. Salinisation and depletion of groundwater aquifer is
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|74 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll predicted to be short term and expected to be recharged during rainfall. Therefore, salinization and depletion of groundwater aquifer is considered insignificant.
Mitigation measures to reduce depletion, salinization and contamination of groundwater
Dewatering will be carried out only if and where necessary after on the spot assessments by construction supervisor. Dewatering will be carried out during low tide in order to reduce the amount of dewatering required. All water extracted from ground during construction will be drained back into the system. All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals used on site should be stored in secure and bunded location. Littering and accidental disposal of construction wastes should be avoided by preplanning. General refuse should be stockpiled in one central area of the development site for easier management and monitoring. Construction activities should be carried out under the supervision of an experienced person.
Cost for this component is already embedded in the project contract to be signed with the contractor
6.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
The only direct impact on the terrestrial flora of Funadhoo will be due to vegetation clearance activities carried out at the project sites.
It is estimated that about 23 large palm trees, 20 small/medium palms, 15 Hirundhu trees, 3 large and 4 small/medium Midhili trees, and some Magoo and Ahi trees are likely to be cleared for the construction of the RO plant building.
Mitigation measures to reduce Impact on Flora and Fauna
Replant all healthy coconut plants in areas designated within the island at locations designated by the Island Council. The following steps are recommended during transplantation of the coconut palms: Cut a trench through the root-ball on two sides and front of coconut about 800 mm from trunk - leave sand in trench. Carefully cut the roots on the side of the Coconut tree. Wrap a lifting sling (specified as webbing type and not rope or wire) several times around the trunk and hang the two looped ends onto the excavator bucket hook.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|75 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Gradually lift the bucket up to put tension on the sling checking that it is secure, then carefully tilt the trunk from side to side to release the root-ball from the hole. Lift the Palm out of the hole, and move to the relocation site. Planting will be undertaken immediately after the trees arrive at the relocation site. After untying the leaves place the palm into a pre-dug hole large enough to allow for the root-ball and 100-150 mm of soil mix on all sides and top. If it is a tall palm it may need to be planted 300-500 mm below the finished ground surface for added support from wind. Planting depth is critical: the tree must be slightly higher than original to allow for subsidence and must not be planted into the water table. Add 100-150mm of soil mix into the base of the hole and lower the palm. Backfill the hole while hosing to fill all voids and eliminate air pockets. After removing the slings use the bucket to firm down the soil. A shallow mound may be placed around the base of the tree to aid watering. While the tree establishes roots support the trunk by securing 3 props attached in such a manner as not to damage the bark. A light feed of High Nitrogen fertilizer can now be watered in. The root-ball must now be kept uniformly moist for a period of 4-6 months with weekly watering after that. A fertilising routine using an 8-2-12-4Mg slow release fertilizer or equivalent at a rate of 70 grams per 1m2 every three months should now commence. An alternate fertilizer mix should be watered into the root zone every 3 months. Green waste must be disposed properly by the contractor by burning at the waste site. Wood may be allowed to be taken by locals if the Council instructs to do so. All plants which can be replanted shall be replanted in places designated by Island Council
Cost of transplantation could be between MVR 25,000-50,000.
6.1.5 Marine Water Degradation
Installation of brine disposal pipeline is expected to impact the lagoonal area of the island. The harbour basin at the proposed reject water disposal pipeline is mainly made up of sand. It is likely that water to become slightly turbid, when the brine disposal pipeline is placed on the harbour bottom. But it is expected to subside shortly, without any significant damage and disturbance to biodiversity in this area. To reduce turbidity and sedimentation that might be incurred during this process, the following measures are proposed.
Mitigation measures to reduce marine water degradation
Complete works in the shortest time period possible. Carryout work in low tide hours in calm sea condition.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|76 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The project manager and workforce involved during construction will be briefed of environmentally practices. The pipe deployment site should be demarcated to ensure no work is carried out outside this boundary. Consider relocating the pipeline to a more open lagoon area to allow better flow, once the harbour redevelopment project is completed (See Alternatives Chapter).
No additional cost is involved in undertaking these mitigation measures. Relocating the pipeline may cost MVR 250,000.
6.1.6 Impacts on Unique Habitats
Ganbaakulhi located in Funadhoo Island is listed as an environmentally sensitive area (ESA) by the EPA. This area is listed as an ESA, because it is a bird roosting site. Noise generated during construction activities may adversely impact birds in the area.
There is also an enclosed small wetland on the northern side of the island, which was created over the last 30 year due the connection of an existing island. The site at present does not have any unique vegetation features but provides a habitat for birds and crustaceans. Noise impacts are expected at this location as well.
In addition, Farukolhu Island located to the north of Funadhoo is also listed as a Protected Area. The sensitive environment on Farukolhu is unlikely to be affected from the proposed project activities.
Mitigation measures to reduce impact on Unique Habitats
Follow the measures for noise reduction (section 6.1.1). Inform all construction workers on the importance of the ESAs and restrict any activities in these areas
6.2 Impacts on the Socio-economic Environment during Construction Phase
6.2.1 Disruption to Road Traffic
Pipe installation works will require blockage of roads to some extent and diversion of traffic.
Mitigation measures to reduce disruption to road traffic
Work schedule will be effectively communicated with Island Council for traffic diversion and re-routing.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|77 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Appropriate signboards will be put up in working areas. Public will be informed through Island Council on road blockages and traffic diversion. Work will be organised to complete work in shortest period possible.
Cost for this component will be embedded in the project contract to be signed with the contractor.
6.2.2 Changes to Road Conditions
Pipe installation will require roadsides to be excavated. Excavation will lead to changes in road condition such as levelling and compaction where roads are unpaved. Changes to road condition can lead to increased risk of flooding during heavy rainfall. In addition, poor levelling can lead to wear and tear in vehicles requiring more maintenance. There are no paved roads in the island, hence makes the excavation process less complicated. However, the island has networks laid out for sewerage, cable TV, telecommunication and power. Hence, caution must be taken during excavation to avoid disruption to any of the aforementioned network cables. Disruption to these network lines will pose challenges to the daily life the island community.
Mitigation measures to reduce changes to road conditioning
Excavation will be coordinated with the local parties, island council for sewerage network, STELCO for power lines and cable operators for TV cable lines. Filling activities at the end of pipe installation will be properly supervised.
No additional cost are involved in undertaking these mitigation measures.
6.2.3 Impact on Visual Amenity
Construction stage of the project will have a visual impact on the island, specifically at the project site, including obstruction or alteration of scenic views. This might give rise to complaints from locals. However, it is considered that any adverse effects of the proposed development on natural character and visual amenity of the area are likely to be minor and short-term.
Mitigation measures to reduce visual impact on the island
Complete the works in the shortest time possible. Fence off the construction site to shield off noise and unsightly views.
Cost for this component to be embedded in the project contract to be signed with the contractor.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|78 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6.2.4 Risks to health and Safety to Construction Workers
Health and safety risks arising from construction work is high. Thus, it is important to take measures to reduce these risks as some of these accidents can be devastating impacts on lives of individual workers.
Mitigation measures to reduce health and safety risk
Health checks prior to start of work Maintain on-site first aid kit Have qualified person to properly instruct and supervise the work Keep evacuation facility in place all the time during construction The construction site should be properly closed so access to any unauthorized person.
Main cost will be initial investment in first aid kits, and health checks (cost estimate range for these (MRF 7500 - MRF 10,000).
6.3 Operation Stage Impacts
6.3.1 Noise Pollution
Operation of desalination plants generate noise that may pose a potential health risk to the people who are working in the plant and may cause nuisance to those living nearby the site. For SWRO plants, noise levels of over 90 dB (A) have been reported (UNEP 2008). Major sources of noise during operation include the intake pumps, the RO high pressure pumps and other pumps and equipment such as the different pumps and equipment of the pre-treatment and cleaning systems. The facilities would normally be installed in buildings which may include additional noise attenuation measures, thereby reducing the noise emissions to surrounding areas.
It is reported that continuous exposure to noise levels exceeding 85dBA for more than 8 hours a day is considered hazardous and it is recommended that workers should not be exposed at any time to sound levels exceeding 115dBA, without the use of hearing protectors. Hence, the following mitigation measures are recommended to minimise the impact of noise pollution.
Mitigation measures to reduce local noise pollution
Provide personal protective equipment such as earmuffs to all staff working in the RO plant. Working shifts must be no longer than 8 hours. Make the desalination plant building soundproof as appropriate to anticipated noise levels. Enclose the desalination building with a boundary wall.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|79 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Cost for this component is already embedded in the project contract.
6.3.2 Pollution due to Handling and Storage of Hazardous Materials
The operation of a desalination plant requires the routine transport, storage and handling of hazardous materials. These may include chemicals used for:
Pre-treatment of the intake water against biofouling, scaling, corrosion, etc.; Cleaning of the plant to remove biofilms, scales, etc.; Membrane preservation during transport and shutdown; Product water disinfection and stabilization.
In handling and storage of such chemicals, precautionary measures are generally taken to minimize hazards. Under reasonably foreseeable accident conditions, the risk of fire, explosion or release of hazardous materials into the environment is therefore low. However, despite all precautionary measures, a small risk remains that workers, the public or the environment is unexpectedly exposed to hazardous materials. The likelihood of an accident is low; however, in the unforeseen event that hazardous material is released, impacts may be severe (UNEP 2008).
The release of cleaning chemicals in larger quantities by accidental spills during routine transport, handling and storage may cause localized soil contamination. Chemicals may affect water quality if spilled on the ground or surface waters by rain and runoff after a spill. For example, high and low pH values of strongly alkaline or acidic cleaning solutions could affect the natural pH of the water body. Chemicals may also affect seawater quality if chemicals are accidentally spilled into the sea or washed into the sea by surface runoff. Accidental spills into the ground or surface water bodies may affect the local fauna and flora.
To avoid any pollution or contamination of the natural resources, the following measures will be undertaken for better storage and handling of hazardous chemicals.
Mitigation measures to reduce pollution due to hazardous waste
All chemical will be stored in a separate storage section of the RO plant building. In transportation, the danger of spilling chemicals into the sea or the coral environment as well as on the island will be reduced by tight fittings and appropriate material. Precautions to avoid spilling of chemicals will also be given by instructions to the staff.
Cost for this component is already embedded in the project contract to be signed with the successful contractor.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|80 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
6.3.3 Air Quality Degradation and GHG emission
Energy use is a major factor in the environmental assessment of desalination projects. Energy use associated with the operation of a desalination plant includes the electrical or thermal energy produced on site or taken from the electricity grid and used to operate the facility. The total energy demand of the facility comprises the energy for the desalination process, for air conditioning, for lighting and office supplies, as well as the fuel energy used for maintenance visits and employee vehicles. The specific energy demand refers to the energy demand of the desalination process only.
Power requirement for the proposed RO plant will be met by the existing power available from the island. Since power is generated using diesel generators, air quality will mainly be affected by emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), acid rain gases (NOx, SOx) or fine particulate matter
(PM10).
There is no air quality standards followed in the Maldives. Generally air quality is regarded as good. It is anticipated that emissions from the proposed project will contribute considerably to other existing or projected air emissions (cumulative impacts) due to the additional power requirement. However, pollutant concentration is not expected to be significant enough to create objectionable odours or pose a health risk to the community.
Although quantity of GHG emissions is considered low for the operation of desalination plant, contribution to national GHG emission levels is in contradiction to the national goal of carbon neutrality by 2020 and meeting Maldives Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) by 2030. On this note, GHG emissions are considered a significant impact of the project.
Mitigation measures to reduce air quality degradation
Desalination plant and water pumps will be regularly services. Low-emission energy technology or renewable energy options (e.g. Solar Power) will be explored for feasibility in desalination Cost for this component is already embedded in the project design.
Main cost will be servicing desalination plants and water pumps. Cost of servicing RO plant systems is estimated to be 10% of the total cost of the system.
6.3.4 Groundwater Salinisation and Depletion
Pumping groundwater for desalination has the potential to cause draw down of groundwater which may lead to salinization and depletion of groundwater lens.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|81 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Due to the unconfined nature of the freshwater lens, the proposed pumping may have some drawdown effect. Considering the depth at which water is withdrawn, the pumping rate and the location of the borehole on the edge of the freshwater lens, it is considered that the drawdown effect on groundwater lens will be minimal.
Based on the above factors, it is considered that salinisation and depletion of groundwater aquifer due to the proposed water intake for desalination will be minor in the short to medium term.
6.3.5 Increased Cost of Living
When the water supply system is operationalized, a user fee will be introduced based on the usage. Given the current economic situation of the country and the high inflation rate, levying a charge on the user will increase the cost of living. This may be an additional burden on the community.
6.3.6 Impacts of Brine on Marine Environment and Biodiversity
Impact of brine discharge from desalination plants on the marine environment and biodiversity will depend on the species composition and abundance, and hydrographical condition of the receiving environment.
Desalination plant produces large quantities of brine, which contains residue of cleaning chemicals, chemical by-products, and some instances traces of heavy metals.
The proposed discharge location is within harbour basin, (Chapter 4.2.2), given the enclosed nature of the harbour circulation is expected to be restricted. Hence there will be sub-optimal diffusion of the discharge with the seawater. This could lead to an accumulation of residual chemicals as well as an increase in saline concentration within the harbour.
High saline conditions can adversely impact marine organism, and over time result changes to species composition and abundance at the discharge area. Furthermore accumulation of various chemicals can have unknown, and additive effects on marine life in this area.
Mitigation measures to impact of Brine and Chemical Discharge
Install the brine discharge pipe to a high energy open-sea location to increase dispersion of brine (See Chapter 8.2)
6.3.7 Improved Quality and Accessibility to Potable Water
The most significant positive impact from the proposed water system will be the availability of quality piped water to the community. This will in turn improve the public health of the community. Such improvements to the public health can only be assessed through systematic
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|82 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll recording and monitoring on the health of the community. Hospital reports can be used to monitor the number of water borne diseases such as diarrhoea.
6.3.8 Protection of Groundwater Aquifer
Over extraction of groundwater has led to groundwater contamination and quality deterioration of groundwater. An additional source of water will contribute to protection of groundwater.
6.3.9 Employment Opportunities
The proposed development will create employment opportunities during operation stage. Construction stage is likely to create skilled and semi-skilled job opportunities. Staff will be hired for the operation and maintenance of the plant, administrative support and other areas of work.
6.3.10 Business Opportunities
Business opportunities will be opened up particularly as maintenance contracts and supply of office materials, chemicals and some spare parts. There will also be business opportunities for retail shops, restaurants and café especially during construction stage with the influx of staff for construction works. There will also be a demand for renting houses to accommodate some of the staff throughout the project.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|83 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
7 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Stakeholder consultations were conducted for this project to provide information about the proposed project and to seek their views on the project. During consultations, stakeholders were asked about their opinions or concerns regarding the project and their recommendations to address the key issues. During each consultation, the stakeholders were provided with the following information;
Project Location
Proponent of the project
Duration of the project
Purpose of the project
Brief description on the type of the building and construction method The following stakeholders were consulted for this EIA;
1. Sh. Funadhoo Island Council 2. Dhiraagu
3. FENAKA 4. MTCC 5. SatLink Private Limited 6. Public 7. Ministry of Environment and Energy (Proponent) 8. Health Protection Agency
9. Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure
7.1 Ministry of Environment and Energy
Date and Time: 7th January 2017 (1:00PM)
Venue: Ministry of Environment and Energy meeting room.
Attendee from MEE: Mr. Afsal Hussain – Assistant Director
MEE gave a brief description regarding the policies and standards for water projects in the Maldives. MEE stated that every citizen has the right for clean water and that it is a constitutional
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|84 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll right under the Article 23. The target of the government is to get 75% of the population to receive safe water supply by 2018. The National Water and Sewerage policy document is being implemented by the government through channels such as loans, grants and government budget. The Government approved definition of safe water is WHO approved standard water created through a filtration mechanism. The ministry also stated that Integrated system for rain water and RO plant system is being implemented in 4 islands by GCF.
Human behaviour and acceptance towards tariff rates was identified as a challenge that MEE face in project implementation. However, MWSC tariff is now implemented to all islands which is a 4-year government achievement, and Model for tariff will be submitted to EPA.
In addition, the government also faces the challenge of being unable to prohibit the use of contaminated ground water through legal means.
With regards to the laws and regulations, MEE identified a Rainwater harvesting guideline published by EPA and drinking water guideline published by HPA. In addition, a Water and Sewerage System Law is drafted and in the legal process of being published. Designs always include a solar docking mechanism.
MEE assured that the design of the water system of the project was according to the technical specifications set by EPA. Since the two types of water have different hardness, this is considered in the design of the integrated system and the water is treated before desalination.
The ministry also stated that the quality of water is measured in a laboratory, which is included in the system design. MEE specified that the water quality reports have to be submitted to EPA. However, the chemical impacts on ground water has not been identified.
With regards to waste, MEE is not aware of disposal method of chlorine and chemicals that are disposed from the water network. However, MEE gives importance to reducing the waste produced by the use of filters. There is a design which proposes new technology.
7.2 Health Protection Agency
Date and Time: 8th January 2017 (9:30AM)
Venue: Health Protection Agency, meeting room.
Attendees from HPA:
Aminath Shaufa – Director, Moosa Haneef – Senior Public Health Program Officer
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|85 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
A brief information of the project was given by the team from CDE at the start of the meeting, and the outcomes of this meeting is given below.
Summary of findings
Safety
HPA stressed on the importance of ensuring the safety of rainwater harvesting system was highlighted. An assessment done recently in Laamu showed traces of E. coli on the roofs. HPA suggested that water storage tanks must have a food graded lining.
Design
With regards to the current design, HPA stated that if the outfall from the RO plant is far from recreational areas as per EPA guidelines, HPA has no issue with the outfall design.
Recommendations
HPA suggests to follow the water harvesting guidelines in harvesting rainwater and for monitoring reporting should be done monthly for the water sources. HPA suggests to test water quality for drinking water through MFDA which is available on request
They also recommended that close attention should be given to covering storage tanks with close fitting insect proof lids to prevent mosquito breeding and that all the equipment used in the water system should be clean.
HPA expressed their concern on food-borne diseases and noted that it can be spread from groundwater.
They also stated that the contractor work conditions and the importance of Personal Protective Equipment during construction works.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|86 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
7.3 Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure
Date and Time: 9th January 2017 (10:00AM)
Venue: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure meeting room.
Attendees from HPA: Nafha Aujaz (Environmental Analyst)
Summary of findings
Housing ministry stated that there is an ongoing reclamation and road project in Sh. Funadhoo and that currently 40% of roads are asphalt roads. They added that EPA suggested to align the network with roads in the reclaimed area.
MHI also added that a harbour is planned to be extended and the harbour will also shift in conformity to the airport development project and reclamation activities.
The ministry assured that the road sides and provision roads will allow for the network to be installed, in the current road designs.
Housing Ministry suggested that the outfall was replanned to be installed in the mid-area of current harbour.
MHI agreed to share the latest land use plan and road plans on request.
MHI stated that a land use approval from Maldives Land and Survey Authority is needed for the water project.
7.4 Shaviyani Funadhoo Island Council
Date: 14th February 2018
Time: 10:30am
Participants:
Ahmed Ibrahim Fulhu (President), Ahmed Nazeer (Vice president), Ali Khalid, (Counciler), Ismail Abdullah (Deputy Director), Mohamed Adhil (Assistant Director), Hussain Shiyam (Planning Officer).
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|87 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Summary of discussion
The LUP based on which the water network was designed is not entirely accurate. The design proposes water supply to some roads where the roads have yet not been constructed. The council highlighted that they would like to meet with housing ministry to update and approve the latest LUP that the council is using. There is an updated land use plan being used by the council. It has not been officially approved by MHI. There are no protected areas in the island per say; however, the council regulates the wetland area in the island. The council has not noticed any special biodiversity around the island reefs. The islanders mostly use rainwater and distilled bottled water for drinking and groundwater for other needs. All the residential households have a rainwater harvesting system. The groundwater is impure in most areas, specially on both ends of the island. The groundwater condition improved after reclamation. Disaster management centre sends water in crisis situations in the past years. Flooding occurs in the southern side of the island. There is a 3 tonne RO plant in the hospital and a 10 tonne water plant that was installed through tsunami relief activities. It is currently not functional. The island mainly consists of fishermen. There are 5 boats that go “dhosheege masverikan”. In addition, there are people who work in tourism, government, and construction groups. There are 3 groups who buy fish from fishermen. There is not enough land for agriculture and only households grow fruits and vegetables at a low scale. There is a fraction of people who work in the nearby resorts. There is also one guesthouse. The recreational area of the island is the long sandy beach in the east called “thundi”. The council is in favour of the project and are very keen on progressing with the project. The water production site is not owned by any private parties and can be obtained for the mentioned purpose. There is a guideline for road excavation approved by the council. Council insisted on agreeing on a grievance mechanism between MWSC and the council. Council wants the water project to be completed before the road project is concluded as there will be many difficulties in pipe laying once the road development project is completed. The road project began in 2014. Council does not think that any other obstacles in this project and would like to proceed with this project at the earliest. The council does not have any issue with the brine outfall location and the alternative location proposed in the harbour. The outfall line location was chosen after MWSC surveyed the island. There was no consultation with the council in determining the location.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|88 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The current harbours dimensions are 1200 x 250. Two locations were proposed for the water production site, MWSC has chosen the current site of the two. The water plant is close to a residential location. A fee mechanism has not been communicated at this stage. FENAKA is to inform the rates once the mechanism is established. The staff for the operation of the water facility will be hired and handled by FENAKA. The island council collects the waste from households for a fee. It is a well regulated system. It is disposed to the waste disposal site where waste is segregated. Construction waste is also disposed to the local waste disposal site. Electricity is supplied by the council now. The generators have the capacity for the construction and maintenance of the water system. There are 3 generators (2 x 500KW and 1 x 250 KW), The site for storage of equipment and machinery has not yet been decided. The council will negotiate this with MWSC. The current ongoing projects are road development project, reclamation project and a sports arena project in the island. A sewerage gravity network was completed recently. The council provided cable services before. Due to a legal issue, it has been transferred to a company called Expower. The council still regulates this service. The cables were embedded while the council was in charge. It was placed 1ft below the ground level. There are currently four parties that has cables and pipelines underground. The council suggested to meet with the four parties and consult them before beginning the project. The depth of the pipes and cables from ground level has changed after the road was levelled for the road development project. Initially there was no cable exit at the end of the pavements when the roads were developed. This was discussed with MTCC and amended. There are many issues in pipe and cable laying due to issues with the cross lines and bends of the road network. There are no trees or palms that need to be compensated in the water production site. Nikagas/Banyan tree near the sites is an issue to the water harvesting system, as the fruit from the tree contaminate the rain water harvesting system. There are 3 children in the Childrens shelter/orphanage adjacent to the proposed water production site.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|89 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
7.5 DHIRAAGU
Date: 14th February 2018 (9:00AM)
Participants: Ayyoob Abdullah (Senior Technician)
Summary of discussion
Dhiraagu currently has a Fiber net internet and TV connection. Dhiraagu network is 2 feet from ground level and about 1 metre away from the wall for the main network. The house connections are 18 inch from ground level.
Other providers should also be considered when pipe laying. The council and SatLink also provide TV cable and Internet services in the island. The council also provides electricity which is embedded on both sides of the roads.
The electricity cables are laid on two sides of the roads and in different depths. There are no warning tapes in most areas.
There are difficulties in providing connections for Dhiraagu due to the road project. There are no cable cross roads in essential locations. The service provide has to dig the road and make way for the cables.
Dhiraagu has the distribution network of the company in Funadhoo and is willing to share it with the MWSC contractor before beginning the works.
7.6 FENAKA
Date: 14th February 2018 (12:30PM)
Participants: Abdulla Rasheed (Supervisor)
Summary of discussion
The tsunami relief water plant was previously managed by FENAKA. Water was released in taps in different areas of the island.
The tsunami relief water plant is not operating now. The booster and sand filter is not working properly.
The sewage treatment plant is not working. The sewage is pumped out to the seaside from the FENAKA site.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|90 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
The sewerage network was constructed in 2010. The main line is 2 metres below ground level. In other areas pipes were laid at 1.5 metres below the ground level. The height above ground level differs in different zones of the island. The pipes were laid according to the height above ground level in the given zone.
The road project levelled the road in such a way all the zones now have the same height above ground level. This has changed the sewerage pipes’ depth in almost all areas.
7.6.1 Environmental Protection Agency
Review environmental monitoring report Intervention in the event of a breach in environmental permit conditions
7.7 Maldives Transport and Contracting Company (MTCC)
Date: 14th February 2018 (11:15AM)
Participants: Ahmed Latheef (Supervisor)
Summary of findings
Sixty percent of the project has been completed. MTCC is targeting to finish the project by April/March. The equipment for the final phase will arrive next week.
Two sides of the road is also constructed to have provisions.
The installation of the main pipeline will be difficult after the construction of asphalt roads. House connections are also difficult and require a junction to be created for each household when required.
Only some roads are going to be constructed as asphalt roads. This includes the main roads such as Izzuhdeen Magu, Ziyaarai Hingun, Rehendhi Magu, Nooraany Magu, Orchid Magu, Chandhanee Magu and Roashany Hingun and sections of road such as Hijura Magu, Minivan Hingun, Chandhanee magu and Daizy magu. This development results in a asphalt pathway from one end to the other end of the island.
Some of these roads are near important institutions like Funadhoo school, Atoll council, island council, Atoll hospital, police station and Dhiraagu.
There are two ducts in the road network. One duct is for electricity cables. The second duct is for internet and cable services.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|91 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
MTCC noticed that sewerage pipes are laid at 600mm. The pipes are now very close to the ground level after the road was levelled for the road development project. Prior to the project, north side of the island and the middle of the island had a big different in land level.
During the course of the MTCC project, cables from other service providers were damaged.
Dhiraagu has a fibre optic connection in the island which would be one of the most important cables to consider when laying pipes. The fibre optic cables are mostly in the government office area. The roads which have fibre optic include Minivan hingun, Feeroz magu, Noobihloori magu, dhilbaraahu magu and Nooraany magu where Dhiraagu is located.
The typical duct lines in the road network are 300mm below ground level, and cross pipes are typically 600mm below ground level.
MTCC would request MWSC to share the water network detailed designs so that roads and road ducts and cross lines and bends can be constructed according to the plan.
7.8 SatLink
Date: 14th February 2018 (10:00AM)
Participants: Mohamed Shaheem (SatLink)
Summary of findings
The cables are laid 1.5 foot below ground level. The cables run through the road ducts.
Warning tape is used to mark the Satlink buried cables.
The cable connection provided by the council and sewerage house connections’ cables are to the ground level many areas.
SatLink suggests the contractor to contact all companies and utilities before the pipes are laid.
7.9 Public
Door-to-door consultations were carried out in Sh. Funadhoo on 13nd February 2017 to capture the views of the public regarding this project. Respondents were taken at random across all areas of the island and were interviewed after a brief explanation was given to them about the project. A total 18 person(s) were interviewed from the island. It is important to note that several members refused to put on record their name or address, however their views have been included in the summary below.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|92 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Summary of findings
Overall, public members of Sh. Funadhoo were very welcoming of this project as it is likely to benefit the entire community. One respondent said rainwater is the households preferred type of drinking water as desalinated water has a different taste. The islanders currently use rainwater for drinking and cooking. They use ground water for other household needs. All the houses had rain water harvesting tanks, however some households noted that they have to carry water from other households in 5L bottles when their rainwater reserve runs out. One household mentioned that they don’t give their children rainwater to drink as they feel it is not completely safe. The roofs and tanks are cleaned and managed by the household. There are no water testing or monitoring mechanism for the health and safety in place. The council or hospital sometimes checks the tanks for mosquitoes and empty the tank if there are larvae present. Most households use net and socks at the tap to filter the water from the rain water tank. Some areas of the island reported that the ground water has an odour on occasion. The households in the north were noted to have issues with ground water quality. Installing an oxygen pump and using water from the surface of the well resolved this issue in most cases. However, most respondents stated that the quality of their ground water is good, but they would prefer to use desalinated water if the option was available. All respondents were willing to pay for this service.
Table 7.1: List of members of Funadhoo Public interviewed
Name Address Contact number Leela Hamid Feerozge 7432044 Amina Adam Furedhivaruge - Ali Niyaz Gadhage 7444145 Aminath Waheedha Finifenmaage 9172225 Mohamed Nazim Dreamy Life 7894926 Saniyya Hassan Furaathu 7741309 Aishath Zahira Kinaara 9113916 Hassan Ali Banafsaage 7753162 Sameera Venessa 7714840 Ali Hassan Even 9527253 Yoosuf Gofi 7750825 Aminath Vazna Kissaru 7877560 Adam Ismail Nooraaneegeaage 7742552 Ahmed Abdulla Mala 7945250
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|93 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
8 ALTERNATIVES
8.1 “No-project” Alternative
The option of a no project alternative has been considered for the installation of RO desalination plant. The no project option takes the following into account.
• Harvested rainwater will continue to be the source of drinking water for the people and whenever there is a drought spell, shortage of potable water will continue. • Current health risks associated with an unreliable supply of water will continue. • Social discontent over poor quality of water and associated health risks will continue and worsen. • Mandate to provide water and sanitation facilities will remain unfulfilled.
The advantages and disadvantages of the No Project option are presented in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Summary of “No Project” Alternative
Options Advantages Disadvantages No installation of No development costs to the government. Burden of diseases particularly water-borne water supply diseases may increase. system Community avoids increased living costs from the water services Socio-political issues may arise from the lack of access to clean water. Adverse environmental impacts associated with the project are prevented. Loss of employment opportunities to the island and atoll population.
Loss of opportunity to the people in accessing proper water supply system.
Given the substantial benefits to the island community of Funadhoo from the proposed water sustainable water supply system, the preferred option is to go ahead with the project.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|94 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
8.2 Alternative Brine Outfall Location
Alternative Outfall A
Alterative outfall A is located on the western side of the island (Figure 8.1), south of the existing harbour.
This location provides better dilution, and dispersal of brine compared to the harbour basin, which in turn is expected to reduce the overall negative impact on marine life in the area (Chapter 6.3.6).
It should be noted here that the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure has plans to extend the harbour further south (Chapter 7.3), but detail plan is not available at the time of preparation of this report. Hence installation of the pipe at this location, would require reinstallation and realignment of the pipeline, when the harbour extension project commences.
Hence it is recommended to install the pipeline at the proposed location (existing harbour basin), and relocate it outside the harbour area to the lagoon upon completion of the harbour extension project by the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure.
Alternative Outfall B
Alternative outfall B is located directly west of the RO plant to the sea (Figure 8.1).
As shown in the map this area is earmarked by the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure for future land reclamation, but no detailed land use plan for this site is available at the time of preparation of the project.
Dilution and dispersal rate of brine at this location is expected to be much higher than within the harbour basin (proposed site). However, laying the brine pipeline at this location would require reinstallation of the pipeline once the reclamation and development works are completed, in order to align with the development.
But to avoid adverse impacts described in Chapter 6.36, upon completion of reclamation and development of the area, brine outfall pipeline can be relocated to this location. However in comparison to Alternative Outfall A, this option requires much longer pipeline.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|95 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Figure 8.1: Alternative Outfall Locations
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|96 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an important component of the EIA process, needed to determine the accuracy of impact prediction, the adequacy of mitigation measures, and level of compliance with commitments regarding implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring of relevant environmental aspects.
The main objectives of the environmental management plan are to:
Produce a framework for managing anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems for monitoring, reporting and implementing corrective actions. Provide evidence of compliance to legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements of relevant authorities.
9.1 Environmental management system
The environmental management framework for the proposed project is based on the standards and policies set out by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Maldives.
- Environmental Management Planning and establishment of key performance indicators: The EMP specifies environmental management measures and required performance standards - Monitoring and corrective action: The implementation of EMP measures will be monitored. Any inconsistencies between the EMP and its on-site implementation will be identified and addressed through corrective actions - Auditing, reviews and improvement: The EMP will be reviewed. Improvements to the EMP will be made as necessary to achieve desired environmental outcomes.
The environmental management strategy is demonstrated in Figure 9.1.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|97 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Commitment to environmental regulations, policies and guidelines
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Implementation of EMP
Improvements to Corrective and EMP preventative actions Monitoring EMP
Review of EMP
Figure 9.1: Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram
9.2 Management structure and responsibilities
The following parties are involved in the EMP of this project:
Project proponent(s) Environmental consultant Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The roles and responsibilities of the parties involved are as follows.
9.2.1 Project proponent(s)
Execution of all project activities
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|98 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Preparation of EMP Detailed designs of the project Monitoring of the project activities Submission of annual environmental monitoring reports as required by EPA
9.2.2 Environmental Consultant
Preparation of EMP Monitoring of performance of project activities according to the EMP Auditing the EMP to ensure desired outcomes are achieved Making amendments to the EMP according to the results of the audits Preparation of environmental monitoring report as required by EPA (detailed in Chapter 10 of this report)
9.3 Reporting requirements
Reporting shall be undertaken to provide evidence of the ongoing implementation of the EMP and will cover any training activities, site conditions and operations, monitoring data, details of non- conformances, incidents, complaints and follow up action, results of audits and reviews. Reporting shall be undertaken by the project proponent and the Environmental Consultant.
The environmental reporting process is summarized in the Figure 9.2. All non-compliances and complaints during the execution of the project are to be reported to EPA. The environmental management plan for execution of the project is provided in Table 9.1.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|99 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Environmental Protection Agency Project proponent(s) Environmental consultant
Issues raised from periodic review Training of personnel Training of personnel of project Environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring Recording of complaints Recording of incidents audits Recording of complaints and Review of EMP follow up actions
Review of EMP
Preparation of draft environmental report
Submission of report Annual environmental monitoring report finalized
Figure 9.2: Environmental Reporting Process
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|100
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 9.1: Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase
Anticipated Mitigation / Management measures Monitoring Responsible Schedule Cost Affect / Activity party
Training of staff All construction workers and project management Record the training Project Before Included in the and contractors staff will be provided information on general activities in the annual proponent & commencem Environmental environmental issues, content of the EMP and monitoring report ent of consultants fee compliance with environmental permits and EMP. Environment construction al Consultant activities All staff involved with environmental monitoring (apart from the Environmental Consultant) will be provided training in environmental monitoring procedures.
Documenting All non-conformances to the Decision Note, observed Record the training Project Continuous Included in the non- during monitoring will be documented. activities in the annual proponent & during Environmental conformances monitoring report construction consultants fee and corrective Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions Environment phase actions will be identified al consultant Corrective actions will be implemented, with systematic follow-ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|101
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Anticipated Mitigation / Management measures Monitoring Responsible Schedule Cost Affect / Activity party
Control of air All vehicles and machinery should be regularly Log’s recording last Contractor Continuous Included in quality maintained to control noise emissions, with particular date of vehicle during contractor’s degradation and emphasis on lubrication of bearings and the integrity servicing construction daily noise emissions of silencers. phase operations Observation during Ground/soil must be kept damp to minimise dust from field visits construction works. Contractor Interviews with staff and the public Site staff should avoid all unnecessary noise due to misuse of tools and equipment, unnecessary shouting Interviews with staff Contractor and radios. and public
Implement set working hours during the week and at Included in the Contractor weekends. Where possible conduct construction Observation during Environmental field visits consultants fee activities during daytime Logs Ensure engines are turned off when possible.
Maintain a log of complaints from nearby residents and act accordingly Contractor
Control of Dewatering applications and permits Permit issued from Contractor Before Rf 500 per day groundwater EPA construction (Total 30 days) water and marine Oil, solid waste and hazardous waste should be water handled carefully and transported in sealed containers. Included in contamination Contractor Continuous contractor’s Only undertake dewatering when absolutely required during
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|102
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Anticipated Mitigation / Management measures Monitoring Responsible Schedule Cost Affect / Activity party
Observation during construction daily field visits phase operations Contractor All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals should be Observation during Included in stored in secure and bunded location. field visits contractor’s daily Observation during operations Properly tune and maintain all machinery field visits Contractor Included in Observation during contractor’s field visits daily Littering and accidental disposal of construction Contractor operations wastes should be avoided at all sites. Observation during field visits Included in Contractor contractor’s Supervisor details daily Construction activities should be carried out under the included in monitoring operations supervision of an experienced person report Included in contractor’s Contractor daily Construction activities must be conducted in calm operations weather and within the shortest time frame possible
Managing risks to Follow the health and safety plan provided later in Contractor Continuous, health and safety Section 8.5. during of construction construction workers phase
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|103
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Anticipated Mitigation / Management measures Monitoring Responsible Schedule Cost Affect / Activity party
Impacts on Cover the project area with adequate and visually Observation during Contractor During Included in the landscape appealing protection, such as netting and billboards field visits Construction Environmental integrity and and operation consultants fee Post appropriate signs regarding ongoing work scenery
Supervision of Assign suitably experienced and qualified personnel Review Supervisor Contractor Before Included in the project activities to supervise the entire project and ensure that all CV or interview commencem Environmental activities are carried out with minimal adverse impact ent of the consultants fee on the environment project
Traffic Plan and minimize the time required for temporary Observation during Contractor Continuous, Included in the management road closures field visits during Environmental Documentation construction consultants fee Inform the relevant authorities in advance of any phase planned closures Documentation
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|104
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
9.4 Management Strategies and Actions
9.4.1 Environment Education
Environmental education and awareness is the key to the success of an environmental management system and thus will be an integral part of the total environmental management system. The education and awareness programme will be addressed to labour force undertaking construction works, and staff that will be operating the water supply system.
9.4.2 Environmental Monitoring, Reporting and Audit
A regular environment monitoring programme will be conducted to observe any changes taking place and this programme would be mainly directed at continuously understanding and reporting the reef health, lagoon water quality, ground water quality, and the product water quality.
An independent environmental audit will be conducted every year. The purpose of this audit is to check whether all the operations of the water supply system conform to the standards set by the government authorities and to evaluate the success of the policies and programmes implemented by the water supply system operator and identify where improvements can be made.
9.4.3 Health and Safety Management
The purpose of this section is to define requirements and designate procedures to be followed during the construction activities for the project. All provisions of this section are mandatory to all contractors and subcontractors that may be engaged in all phases of the project. The provisions presented here conforms to the Employment Act of Maldives (Law number: 2/2008), specifically Chapter 8 of this Act: Work Place Safety and Employee Health.
Project health and safety organization
The project supervisor onsite has the overall authority and responsibility for all site related activities, including health and safety of the workers and public during construction stage.
All employees will have the right to refuse to work and/or stop work authority when the employee feels that the work is unsafe (including subcontractors) or where specified safety precautions are not adequate or fully understood. All employees have the right to refuse to work on any site or operation where the safety procedure specified in this document or other safety policies are not being followed.
All authorized visitors to the project sites shall be briefed by the Supervisor on the health and safety risks at the site and will be required to comply with the health and safety policies specified here. Unauthorized visitors will not be permitted to the project site.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 105 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Health and Safety Risks
The main health and safety risks envisaged form this project are:
a) Accidents and Fatigue There is a general risk of accidents leading to injury to workers, due to inadequate operational control procedures. This may occur during construction. Such risks will be minimized through close supervision of construction activities. Access to site will be regulated and restricted, to minimize the risk of accidents. Since traffic accidents during the transportation process can also endanger communities, special attention will be given to driver awareness. Another significant source of occupational health and safety risk is fatigue, which can result in injury and prolonged illness. Hence, the working hours of the personnel will be scheduled with such considerations.
b) Noise Noise can pose a significant health risk, especially for those in close proximity to equipment that emit loud sounds. However, loud noise is unlikely to prolong beyond 3-4 hours a day at a stretch.
Safety Program
a) Personal protective equipment Personal Protective Equipment shall be provided to protect workers from physical hazard that may be encountered. All employees are required to be trained in the use, limitations, care and maintenance of the protective equipment that they will have to use during the project.
All project personnel will be required to wear:
. Boots (Leather boots with safety toe) . Hard hat (Resist penetration by objects, absorb shock/blow, water resistant and slow burning, . Safety glasses . Masks . Gloves
The following safety equipment must be used as required:
. Ear mufflers (if working an high noise area) . Protective chemical gloves (when handling any waste oil or chemicals) . Safety harnesses
All protective equipment’s must be inspected regularly for any malfunction/damages.
b) Site Control
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 106 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Health checks will be administered before work commences
All authorized visitors to the project sites shall be informed to the Supervisor. Unauthorized visitors will not be permitted to the project site.
The working area of the site will be barricaded to prevent any trespassing into the area where the machineries are in constant work.
The construction area must be well lit and walkways must be free of dangerous objects, debris and materials.
Equipment such as scaffolding will be used to prevent falls. The scaffold will be sound, rigid and able to support four times the maximum load without settling or displacement. It will also be erected on solid footing.
Safe access into the excavation such as a long, secured ladder will be provided and barriers will be put in place to stop people and vehicles from falling in.
Materials used for construction will be stored within the site perimeter.
Measures will be taken to protect the public from falling material. This will be achieved by using netting, toe- boards and brick guards on scaffolds.
No open electrical connection will be kept at the site, all the switch boards, panels etc. will be covered and protected
Fire extinguishing equipment would be readily available and employees will be trained in its use.
Oxygen, acetylene or LPG bottles will not be left freestanding.
Basic first aid kits for minor burns, cuts and falls will be made available on site
The time that each worker uses high- vibration tools will be limited c) Safety Briefing
All personnel will be made aware of task-specific health and safety risks that they may encounter during work.
All personnel will be informed of fire prevention measures, fire extinguishing methods, and emergency response plan and evacuation procedures.
Emergency Response
The major categories of emergencies that could occur are:
a) Illnesses and physical injuries
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 107 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
b) Natural disasters (e.g., flooding) c) Fires and explosions All accidents should be immediately reported to the site supervisor. In case of fire, the supervisor or the most senior person on site must initiate a full evacuation from the site.
First Aid box with the necessary medicine will be kept at the site office to take care of the small injuries etc.
In Funadhoo, the emergency contacts are as follows:
Accidents and Ambulance: Sh Atoll Hospital
Police: Funadhoo Police station Records of the any accident or fault will be maintained so that the precaution will be taken for future.
9.5 Non-conformances and Corrective Action
All non-conformances to the environmental permit conditions, observed during monitoring will be documented.
Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions will be identified
Corrective actions will be implemented, with systematic follow-ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 108 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
10.1 Introduction
This chapter will outline the monitoring plan for the proposed project. Environmental monitoring is essential because, although with proper mitigation measures, the overall environmental damage can be significantly minimized, an unforeseen impact may still occur. Furthermore, some of the impacts predicted may turn out to be far greater than predicted, making mitigation measures ineffective. Therefore, in order to avoid or reduce the chances of such events, regular and frequent environmental monitoring is vital.
10.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan
The main objectives of the monitoring plan are:
To identify whether the predicted impacts are accurate and mitigation measures taken are effective To identify any unforeseen impacts so that appropriate mitigation measures can be taken at the earliest To identify and resolve any issues of social unrest at the earliest To eliminate or reduce environmental costs
10.3 Before Construction
The monitoring assessments prescribed in Table 10.1 are required before construction, if the construction activities begin 12 months after this EIA.
10.4 Monitoring during Construction Phase
Table 10.2 shows the details of the different monitoring attributes and parameters must be monitored during the construction stage.
Additionally, the following aspects will be monitored during the construction stage to ensure that environmental impacts are minimized.
1. Daily monitoring to ensure that the cleared areas and other construction processes are not creating any significant dust nuisance for the local environment. 2. Daily monitoring of vehicle refuelling and repair should be undertaken to ensure that these exercises are carried out on hardstands and to ensure that they are done properly. This is
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 109 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
to reduce the potential of soil contamination from spills. The site supervisor will conduct spot checks. 3. Daily inspection of site clearance activities to ensure that the proposed building plans are followed. 4. Weekly assessment to determine that toilets are in proper working order. This will ensure that sewage disposal will be adequately maintained. 5. Monitor and ensure that approved suppliers and sources of local materials are used.
10.5 Monitoring during Operational Phase
Operational phase monitoring programs will be carried out for a period of 2 years from the completion date of the construction phase of the project (unless specified as otherwise in this chapter). Table 10.3 provides the schedule for operational phase monitoring.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 110 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 10.1: Monitoring Schedule for Pre-construction Stage (if required)
Monitoring Locations Applicable Est. Cost Responsible Objective Indicator Methodology Frequency Attribute & samples standard MVR Agency Marine To determine the baseline The following Laboratory Three Once prior Maldivian 2,200.00 Proponent Water condition of marine water parameters will be analysis/ Onsite Locations to (EPA) sea Quality around the project locations tested: testing commencem SW1, SW2 ent of water pH, Temperature, and SW3 construction monitoring Salinity, Total activities standards Dissolved Solids, and One sample and Conductivity for each site taken at 1 m depth Ground To determine the baseline The following Laboratory Three Once prior Maldivian 4,300.00 Proponent Water condition of groundwater at parameters will be analysis/ Onsite Locations to (EPA) ground Quality project site tested: testing (sites GW1, commencem pH, temperature, GW2 and ent of water salinity, conductivity, GW3) construction monitoring fecal and total activities standards coliform
Coral Reef To assess the status of reef of Fish species Visual Fish Transect 1 Once prior Maldives EPA 5,000.00 Proponent Health the island and to determine composition and Census to standards fish species and abundance population size commencem ent of Coral genera construction 5,000.00 Proponent Photo Quadrat composition and activities Method coverage
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 111 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 10.2: Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage
Monitoring Locations Applicable Est. Cost Responsible Objective Indicator Methodology Freq. Attribute & samples standard MVR Agency Flora To assess the method of tree Number of trees Record of At RO Plant During NA Included in Proponent / relocation, and record the relocated. number of Site relocation contractor Contractor(s) number of trees relocated coconut palms works. relocated. fees
Photographic evidence of all relocated trees.
Marine Water To determine the impact of The following Laboratory Three Every six Maldivian 2,200.00 Proponent Quality marine water during parameters will be analysis/Onsite Locations months (EPA) sea (per construction stage tested: testing during pH, Temperature, SW1, SW2 construction water sampling Salinity, Total and SW3 phase monitoring visit) Dissolved Solids, and standards Conductivity One sample for each site taken at 1 m depth
Ground Water To determine the impact of The following Laboratory Three On every six Maldivian 4,300.00 Proponent Quality groundwater water during parameters will be analysis/Onsite Locations months (EPA) ground (per construction stage tested: testing (sites GW1, during water pH, temperature, GW2 and construction monitoring sampling salinity, conductivity, GW3) standards visit) fecal and total coliform Water To determine the impact of Oil spills Visual All area Daily for the NA Included in Contractor(s) Contamination oil spillage and leakage on (Surface layer of observation where oil is duration of contractor groundwater) handled the project fees
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 112 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Monitoring Locations Applicable Est. Cost Responsible Objective Indicator Methodology Freq. Attribute & samples standard MVR Agency Oil leakage from Maintenance and All area Weekly NA Included in Contractor(s) machinery or vessels tuning of all where oil is during the contractor machinery & handled construction fees vessels phase
Noise To determine the impact of Noise levels Noise meter Around Weekly Ambient noise Included in Contractor(s) noise during construction project site during standard in contractor Noise complaints Logs construction fees received from most OECD neighboring residents countries
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 113 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Table 10.3: Monitoring Schedule for Operations Stage
Monitoring Locations & Applicable Est. Total Responsible Objective Indicator Methodology Frequency Attribute samples standard Costs RF* Agency Marine Water To determine the The following parameters will be Laboratory Three Locations Bi-annually Maldives EPA 2,200.00 Proponent Quality impact on marine tested: analysis during marine water (per water quality pH, Temperature, Salinity, Total SW1, SW2 and operation Dissolved Solids, and SW3 phase for 2 monitoring sampling Conductivity years standards visit) One sample for each site taken at 1 m depth Ground Water To determine the The following parameters will be Laboratory Three Locations Bi-annually Maldives EPA 4,300.00 Proponent Quality impact on ground tested: analysis (sites GW1, during ground water (per water quality pH, temperature, salinity, GW2 and GW3) operation for 2 monitoring conductivity, fecal and total years standards sampling coliform visit)
To assess the quality 3 samples from Maldives EPA 3,000.00 Proponent pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Desalinated of the intake water water intake site Bi-annually desalination (approx. Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Laboratory Plant Intake sourced for during plant intake per year) TDS, Total Coliform, Faecal analysis Water quality desalination plant operations water Coliform standards To ensure the quality pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Maldives EPA 15,000.00 Proponent of product water from Conductivity, Total Dissolved Storage Tank, 2 desalinated (approx. desalination plant Solids, Free Chlorine, Boron, random product water per year) Desalinated Bi-annually conforms to the Copper, Fluoride, Iron, Total Laboratory locations on the standards Plant Product during standards of potable Hardness, Iodine, Nitrates, analysis island,(3 Water quality operation water Nitrite, Ammonia, Phosphate, samples) Sulphate, Sulphide, Total Coliform, Faecal Coliform To assess and ensure Noise meter At RO plant Ambient noise Included in Contractor Noise levels the noise levels house Bi-annually standard in environme
Noise during RO plant during most OECD ntal Noise complaints received from operation are within Logs operation countries consultant acceptable limits neighboring residents fees
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 114 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
10.6 Monitoring report
A detailed environmental monitoring report is required to be compiled and submitted to Environmental Protection Agency annually based on the data collected for monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring plan given in the EIA. This report may be submitted to the relevant Government agencies in order to demonstrate compliance. The report will include details of the site, strategy of data collection and analysis, quality control measures, sampling frequency and monitoring analysis and details of methodologies and protocols followed. In addition, more frequent reporting of environmental monitoring will be communicated among the environmental consultant, project proponent, the contractors and supervisors to ensure possible negative impacts are mitigated appropriately during and after the project.
10.7 Cost of monitoring
The cost of monitoring is estimated to be Rf 75,000 annually. Professional consultants will be hired to undertake the monitoring and the necessary equipment for monitoring will be procured.
For pre-construction and construction stage monitoring, individual parameter costs are provided in the relevant tables above.
10.8 Commitment to monitoring
The proponent is fully committed to undertake the monitoring programme given in this chapter (Appendix H).
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 115 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
11 Conclusions
The study shows there are four main activities that are of significant concern during construction and operation phase of the project:
1. Vegetation clearance within the plot designated for RO plant construction. Clearance of vegetation is significant in terms of loss of large and mature trees. However, it is expected that majority of these trees and palms will be relocated within Funadhoo at areas designated by the island council. Documenting relocation works is included as part of the environmental monitoring program. 2. Excavation and dewatering works during for installation of water supply network. Excavation exposes and increases the risk of groundwater contamination, hence caution must be taken during this work to avoid spillage or any chemicals/oils in these areas. In addition this work will also disrupt normal traffic movement around the island. Work schedule will need to be communicated to the residents prior to commencement of works, and completed within the shortest duration. 3. Operation of the RO plant is expected to increase demand for energy, which will result in increased GHG emissions. Hence it is recommended to explore low emission technologies or renewable energy options such as solar energy to supplement energy requirements of the RO plant. 4. Noise generated during operation of the RO plant and the pump stations, are expected to adversely impact human health, and productivity. Hence it is proposed to house RO plant and pump stations properly to attenuate noise, and also provide necessary hearing protectors to all employees working in the RO plant. 5. Reject water from the desalination process is comprised of brine, and various residual chemicals and their by-products. This project proposes to discharge reject water within the existing harbour basin of the island. Given the limited circulation within the basin, salinity level, and chemicals are expected to accumulate, and increase in this area over time. This will result in changes in species composition, and unknown effects on marine life in the area. Hence, it is recommended to relocate the brine discharge pipeline to the location with better flushing, as described in Alternatives Chapter (Chapter 8.2).
Overall establishing this water supply system that provides quality piped water to the community will positively impact the community and also the environment; via reduction in water borne diseases, and the overall pressure on groundwater lens of the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 116 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
REFERENCES
Hay, JE 2006, 'Climate Risk Profile for the Maldives'.
Hopley, D 1982, The Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: Quaternary Development of Coral Reefs, Wiley.
Isles: Development Information of the Nation, President's Office, 2012 [online]. Available at:http://isles.egov.mv/
Kench, PS & Brander, RW 2006, 'Reponse of reef island shorelines to seasonal climate oscillations: South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives', Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 111, no. F01001, pp. 1-12.
Kench, PS 2010, Coastal Monitoring, Reef Island Shoreline Dynamics and Management Implication: Final Report, Environment Protection Agency, Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment, Malé, Maldives.
Kench, PS 2011, 'Maldives', in D Hopley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs: structure, form and process, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 648-53.
Kench, PS 2013, 'Coral Systems', in J Shroder & JD Sherman (eds), Treatise on Geomorphology, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, vol. 10, Coastal Geomorphology, pp. 328-59.
Kench, PS, Brander, RW, Parnell, KE & McLean, RF 2006a, 'Wave energy gradiants across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for island geomorphology', Geomorphology, vol. 81, pp. 1-17.
Kench, PS, Brander, RW, Parnell, KE & McLean, RF 2006b, 'Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for island geomorphology', Geomorphology, vol. 81, no. 1-2, pp. 1- 17.
Kench, PS, Parnell, K & Brander, R 2003, 'A Process Based Assessment of Engineered Structures on Reef Islands of the Maldives', paper presented to Coasts and Ports 2003 Australasian Conference: Proceedings of the 16th Australasian Coastal and Ocean Engineering Conference, the 9th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference and the Annual New Zealand Coastal Society Conference, Barton, A.C.T, Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Kench, PS, Parnell, KE & Brander, RW 2009, 'Monsoonally influenced circulation around coral reef islands and seasonal dynamics of reef island shorelines', Marine Geology, vol. 266, pp. 91- 108.
MEC 2004, Maldives: State of the Environment 2004, Ministry of Envrionment and Construction, Male'.
MHAHE 2001, First National Communication of the Maldives to the UNFCCC, by MHAHE, Ministry of Home Affairs, Housing and Environment (MHAHE).
MHE 2011, Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives - Final Report by Shaig, A, Version 2 edn, Ministry of Housing and Environment (MHE).
Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2002.Population and Housing Census 2000 of the Maldives Analytical Report.Ministry of Planning and National Development, Male’, Maldives.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 117 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2008. Population and Housing Census 2006 of the Maldives Analytical Report, Ministry of Planning and National Development, Male’, Maldives
MTAC 2013, Maldives Visitor Survey, by MTAC.
Naseer, A 2003, 'The integrated growth response of coral reefs to environmental forcing: morphometric analysis of coral reefs of the Maldives.', PhD thesis, Dalhousie University.
Samosorn, B & Woodroffe, CD 2008, 'Nearshore wave environments around a sandy cay on a platform reef, Torres Strait, Australia', Continental Shelf Research, vol. 28, pp. 2257-74.
Sandcays, 2014, EIA for the Proposed Construction of Harbour in K.Guraidhoo, Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure, Male’, Maldives
UNDP 2005, Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives: Final Report, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Maldives.
UNDP 2006, Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives, United Nations Development Programme and Government of Maldives, Male'.
UNEP 2005, Maldives: Post-Tsunami Environmental Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Water Solutions, 2013, EIA for the Reclamation at Guriadhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll, Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure, Male’, Maldives
WB, ADB & UN 2005, Maldives Tsunami: Impact and Recovery. Joint Needs Assessement by World Bank-ADB_UN System, World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB) and United Nations (UN) Systems, Male', Maldives.
Webb, AP & Kench, PS 2010, 'The dynamic response of reef islands to sea level rise: Evidence from mutli-decadal analysis of island change in the Central Pacific', Global and Planetary Change, vol. 72, pp. 234-64.
Woodroffe, CD 1993, 'Morphology and Evolution of Reef Islands in the Maldives', Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 1217-26.
Woodroffe, CD 2002, Coasts: Form, Process and Evolution, Cambridge University Press.
Yan, J, Shaig, A & Aslam, M 2008a, Detailed Island Risk Assessment in Maldives: Volume III: detailed Island Reports Dh. Kudahuvadhoo - Part 1, Department of National Planning, Male', Maldives.
Yan, J, Shaig, A & Aslam, M 2008b, Natural Hazard and Physical Vulnerability Assessment Report, Ministry of Planning and National Development (MPND), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Male', Maldives
Young, IR 1999, 'Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate', International Journal of Climatology, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 931–50.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 118 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX A – Approved Terms of Reference
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 119
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX B – Concept and approvals
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 120
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX C – Water Quality Results
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 121
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX D– Survey Locations Map
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 122 A!
A! A!
A!
A!
A!
A!
A!
73°16'50"E 73°16'55"E 73°17'0"E 73°17'5"E 73°1A7!'10"E 73°17'15"E 73°17'20"E 73°17'25"E 73°17'30"E 73°17'35"E 73°17'40"E 73°17'45"E 73°17'50"E N " N " 5 5 1 ' 1 ' 9
° Legend 9 ° 6 6 A! Currents #0 Ground Water Samples N " N " 0 0 1 ' 1 ' 9 ° 9 ° 6 !. Marine Water Samples 6 Marine Transects
! ! ! Timed Swims N " N 5 " ' 5 ' 9 ° 9 6 °
6 Weltland and Mangrove W3 !. Dredged Areas C02 G3 C12 ! #0 Vegetation Line
N A ! " N
A " 0 ' 0 ' 9 ° 9 °
6 !
6 High Tide Line
!
! W2 Low Tide Line !. G2 ! #0 InnerReefLine N "
! N " 5 5 5 ' 5 ' 8 ° 8 ° 6
6 OuterReefLine
G1 #0 N " N " 0 0 5 ' 5 ' 8 ° 8 ° 6 6
T W1 1 !. N " N " 5 5 4 ' 4 ' 8 ° 8 °
6 C01 A! 6 N " N " 0 0 4 ' 4 ' 8 ° 8 ° 6 6 µ
Bisalhaahuraa
N No Name " N " 5 5 3 '
3 Funadhoo ' 8 ° 8 ° 6 6
73°16'50"E 73°16'55"E 73°17'0"E 73°17'5"E 73°17'10"E 73°17'15"E 73°17'20"E 73°17'25"E 73°17'30"E 73°17'35"E 73°17'40"E 73°17'45"E 73°17'50"E Ground Water Samples Marine Water Samples Transects Funadhoo Island code X Y code X Y Site_ID X_Start Y_Start X_Start Y_Finish Water Supply System G1 73.2891 679849 W1 73.2846 6.14613 T1 73.2847 6.14657 73.2848 6.14613 G2 73.2894 679980 W3 73.2842 6.15068 Survey Locations G3 73.2891 680129 W2 73.2877 6.14914 PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; VERTICAL DATUM: Hulhule Tide Gauge Map version: 18/11/2018 Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Consulting, Maldives EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX E– Detailed Work Schedule
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 123 ID Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors ecembJanuary FebruarMarch April May June July August SeptembOctober NovembDecembJanuary FebruarMarch April May June July August SeptembOctober NovembDecembJanuary FebruarMarch Ap M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B M E B 1 SURVEY & DESIGN OF PROVISION OfWATER 916 days Sun 8/13/17 Fri 2/14/20 SUPPLY FACILITIESIN SH. FUNADHOO. 2 Survey and Design 475 days Sun 8/13/17 Fri 11/30/18
3 EIA 452 days Sun 8/13/17 Wed 11/7/18
4 Design & EIA approvals 20 days Thu 11/8/18 Tue 11/27/18 3
5 Survey & design payment 3 days Wed 11/28/18 Fri 11/30/18 4
6 Procurement of Materials 108 days Sat 12/1/18 Mon 3/18/19 2
7 Pipes and fittings 90 days Sat 12/1/18 Thu 2/28/19 5
8 Catch Pits, Manholes, frames 90 days Sat 12/1/18 Thu 2/28/19
9 Pumps, electric Panels..etc 90 days Sat 12/1/18 Thu 2/28/19
10 SRC cement 90 days Sat 12/1/18 Thu 2/28/19
11 Delivery on site payment 21 days Tue 2/26/19 Mon 3/18/19 10FF+18 days
12 Site Mobilization for Construction 42 days Tue 3/19/19 Mon 4/29/19 6
13 Establishment of Contractors Office 21 days Tue 3/19/19 Mon 4/8/19 11
14 Establishment of Material Storage 21 days Tue 3/19/19 Mon 4/8/19
15 Establishment of Accomodations 21 days Tue 3/19/19 Mon 4/8/19
16 Site Mobilization payment 21 days Tue 4/9/19 Mon 4/29/19 5FS+20 days,15
17 Civil Works 261 days Tue 4/30/19 Wed 1/15/20 12
18 Water Network 200 days Tue 4/30/19 Fri 11/15/19 15
19 Tank Foundation & Erection 200 days Tue 4/30/19 Fri 11/15/19
20 Rain water Lift station 180 days Tue 4/30/19 Sat 10/26/19
21 Reject Line 180 days Tue 4/30/19 Sat 10/26/19
22 House Connections 60 days Sun 10/27/19 Wed 12/25/19 21
23 Civil works payment (Note: Interim payment 21 days Thu 12/26/19 Wed 1/15/20 22 billings will be made based on progress) 24 Mechanical & Electric works 21 days Thu 1/16/20 Wed 2/5/20 17
25 Rain water Lift station 21 days Thu 1/16/20 Wed 2/5/20 22
26 Electro-mechanic works payment 21 days Thu 1/16/20 Wed 2/5/20 25FF
27 Testing, commisionung & handover 9 days Thu 2/6/20 Fri 2/14/20 24
28 Testing & Commissioning 7 days Thu 2/6/20 Wed 2/12/20
29 Project Handover 1 day Thu 2/13/20 Thu 2/13/20 28
30 Final Payment 1 day Fri 2/14/20 Fri 2/14/20 28,29
Task Summary External Milestone Inactive Summary Manual Summary Rollup Finish-only
Date: Thu 11/1/18 Split Project Summary Inactive Task Manual Task Manual Summary Progress Milestone External Tasks Inactive Milestone Duration-only Start-only Deadline
Page 1 EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX F– CV of Consultants
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 124 Ahmed Shaig Phone: (+960) 77 88 758 [email protected]
Personal Details Date of Birth: 19/02/1976 Nationality: Maldivian Gender: Male Marital Status: Married Permanent Address: Maldives Present Address: M. Muleege, Orchid Magu, Male’, Maldives.
Education PhD, Environmental Science, 2009 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Research degree on ‘Settlement Planning for Natural Hazard Resilience in Small Island States: The Population and Development Consolidation Approach’
BSc Land and Spatial Information Studies/Information Science. (double major), 1999-2001 University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Diploma in project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, 1995 ILO training Centre, Turin, Italy
Employment History
Director, Environmental Services 2008 to present CDE Consulting Supervisor: Dr. Simad Saeed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 7777445 Head of environmental wing
Assistant Under-secretary, Spatial Planning 2002-2004 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 Head of Spatial Planning Unit. Relevant Tasks include: ♦ Oversee environment related projects and application of environmental guidelines for planned projects. ♦ Plan, implement and oversee the development of a National GIS; ♦ Aid/facilitate/oversee urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects; Provide assistance in project planning (includes urban and regional planning, natural resources planning)
Project Manager, National Digital Mapping Project 2005 (8 months) Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 ♦ Project involved aerial photography and satellite imagery of entire Maldives, ground surveying of key settlements, digital conversion of data and setting up a Mapping Unit.
Assistant Planning Officer/Planning Officer 1994-1999 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Mr. Mohamed Hunaif Republic of Maldives Phone +(960) 331-3040 Relevant tasks involved: ♦ Assisting in the National GIS Development Programme (Junior GIS developer) ♦ Facilitate urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects.
Ahmed Shaig page 1
Experience in Consultancy
. September 2002: Member of the team appointed for environmental surveying and carrying capacity assessment of islands for tourism development in the southern atolls of Maldives for Ministry of Tourism Maldives. . October 2002: Developed the Census GIS for United National Population Fund . December 2002: Developed the Maldives Protected Areas Systems GIS for Maldives Home Affairs Housing and Environment. . February 2003: Participated in the preparation of Royal Island and Spa Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report for Royal Island and Spa. . April 2003: Member of the team selected for developing town plans for urban centres in Northern and Southern Regional Development Zones, looking specifically into environmental control measures, for Ministry of Planning and National Development. . April 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for Coastal Modifications on Rihiveli, South Malé Atoll, Maldives. . April 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed coastal improvements to address coastal erosion concerns on Royal Island Spa Resort, Baa Atoll, Maldives. . May 2003: Participated in the bathymetry survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Deepening of Existing Entrance Channel to Service Jetty, Soneva Gili Resort and Spa, North Malé Atoll, Maldives . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for development of an access channel into the natural inner lagoon (Vilu) of Mayafushi resort, North Ari Atoll. . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment for Landaa Giraavaru Pvt. Ltd. for the development of a Four Season’s Tourist Resort on the island of Landaa Giraavaru in Baa Atoll, Maldives. . June 2003: Participated in survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for the Development of a Mooring Area and Associated Beach Replenishment in, Boduhithi Club, North Malé Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Short- term and Long-term Shore Protection Measures at Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Conducted shoreline and vegetation line of Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying for Initial Environmental Examination for Short-term and Long- term Shore Protection Measures at Dhiggiri Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Fun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Sun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Holiday Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . August 2003: Developed the Initial Environmental Examination for the construction of Sun Decks along the southern beach of Kudarah Island Resort. . September 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Fonaddoo Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the development of fisheries complex, Fonaddoo, Maldives. . October 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Kuda Rah Erosion Study and recommendations for shore protection and erosion prevention . November 2003: Conducted vegetation and shoreline survey of Dhonveli Beach and Spa and Four Seasons Report for the Boundary Delineation between the two islands. . December 2003: Contributed to the Landuse Planning Guidelines of Maldives (environmental aspects) for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . December 2003: Contributed to the Development of a Building Code of Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . January 2004: Co-author to the Environmental Guidelines for the Development of Resort Islands in Maldives, Ministry of Tourism. . February 2004: Developed the Baa Atoll Spatial Development Plan for Ministry of Planning and National Development.
Ahmed Shaig page 2
. April-July 2004: Participated in the preparation of the Environmental aspects of the 8 bid proposals for resort Development for various proponents. . November 2005: Participated in the preparation of EIA for L.Gan Resettlement Project for Ministry of Housing. . December 2005: Participated in the surveying and preparation of EIA for Gn Fuvahmulaku Tourist Hotel Development . November 2005: Developed a GIS for strategic planning to select islands for tourism development for Ministry of Tourism. . January 2006: Local consultant for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Maldives Regional Development Plan, for AGRIFOR Consult Consortium, Belgium. . June 2006: Developed the Baa Atoll Resource Management GIS for Ministry of Environment and Energy. . August 2006: Consultant to the Integrated Climate Change System (ICCS) project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Islands and Beaches to climate change . September 2006: Consultant to the ICCS project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Infrastructure to climate change . November 2006: Consultant to the preparation of National Adaptation Programme of Action in Maldives for Ministry of Environment. . December 2006: Environmental Consultant to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected nine Safe Islands in Maldives. . April 2007: Prepared the Coastal Erosion Assessment and Management Report for Ga.Meradhoo Island. . May 2007: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Randheli Resort Development Project, I&T Management group. . June 2007: Participated in the preparation of Millennium Development Goals, Maldives Country Report. . October 2007: Natural Hazard Assessment consultant to the UNDP Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . November 2007: Prepared the EIA for proposed coastal protection, beach replenishment and access improvement of Elaa, Thaa Atoll, for Mr Abbas Mohamed, H. Merry Rose. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sand sourcing and beach replenishment project of Viligilli Island, Addu Atoll, for Shangri-La at Viligilli.. . April 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Maafaru Airport Development Project for Noonu Hotels Pvt Ltd. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for resort development in Huvandhumaavattaru, Noonu Atoll . June 2009: Prepared a status of the environment report Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . July 2009: Prepared the Environmental EIA for harbour development in Fiyoari, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll. . July 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for Jetty and arrival lounge development project in Gan, Addu Atoll, for Island Aviation Services Private Limited. . July 2009: Team Leader for the socio-economic risk assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . August 2009: Coastal erosion data synthesis for selected islands of Maldives, for World Bank Maldives Environmental Management Project. . September 2009: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Reethibeach Island Resort, Baa Atoll. . September 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for agricultural island development in Felivaru, Noonu Atoll, for Fantasy Private Limited. . September 2009: Consultant to review the safer islands programme and cost benefit study of mitigation measures in three islands in the Maldives for UNDP. . October 2009: Consultant to the Maldives Environmental Management Project for waste management technical assistance for World Bank. . December 2009: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . January 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Shangri-La Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . January 2010: Consultant to the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation project conservation component defining conservation areas and development controls. . February 2010: Prepared the environmental audit of Thunbafushi Island, Kaafu Atoll, for Champa Brothers Private Limited.
Ahmed Shaig page 3
. March 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control for Herathera Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . March 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for power plant upgrading project in Palm Beach Island in Lhaviyani Atoll. . April 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . April 2010: Prepared an EIA addendum for resort development in Gaakoshibee Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . May 2010: Consultant to undertake island environmental scoping studies in 30 islands in North Maldives to determine islands with resort development potential for GMR Group of India. . May 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for harbour development project in Madidhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . June 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for deep piling project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for the development of an aquaculture site in Kanduoigiri, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant for Shangri-La at Viligilli Maldives, Addu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant to the Addu Land Use Planning project (including defining development controls) in Addu Atoll Maldives for South Province Office. . August 2010: Environmental Consultant for the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation Project to declare Baa Atoll as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Herathera Island, Addu Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for resort redevelopment in Vilamendhoo Island Resort, Ari Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Gulhifalhu land reclamation project in Gulhifalhu, Male’ Atoll, for Capital Investment and Finance Limited, UK. . September 2010: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sewerage system development project in Miladhoo, Noonu Atoll. . October 2010: Consultant to undertake the coastal adaptation survey of 40 islands in Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Environment. . November 2010: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Maamigili Island, Raa Atoll . January 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Hithadhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . March 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . April 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . May 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Six Senses Laamu, Laamu Atoll . January 2012: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Fuvahmulah Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Fushivelavaru Island . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Conrad Rangali Island for Champa and Crown Resorts . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Champa and Crown Resorts . May 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Gasfinolhu Island, Male’ Atoll . June 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Nakachchaa Huraa Island, Male’ Atoll . April 2012: Member of the consultant team that prepared the Tourism Opinion and Profile Survey 2011, Ministry of Tourism. . October 2012: Environmental consultant to the preparation of 4th Tourism Master plan for Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. . November 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on land reclamation, resort development and development control measures in Dhiffushi Island Reef, Male’ Atoll.
Ahmed Shaig page 4 . January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll . January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll June 2013: Local Environment consultant to the WCCM project, HIDRIA and Aquatica, Spain. . June 2015: Environmental consultant for Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA, 15-storey building, Male'City . June 2015: Environmental consultant for Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA, Male' City . July 2015: Environmental consultant for Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA, Male' City . September 2015: Environmental consultant for Development of Tertiary Hospital in Hulhumale . July 2015: Environmental consultant for Development of 9-Storey Building for ADK, Male'City
Ahmed Shaig page 5
Membership of Professional Bodies . Member of Building Code Committee, Maldives . Member of Commission on Sustainable development . Member of the Technical Committee for Developing Spatial Plans for conducting tourism related activities in Ari Atoll. . Member of Climate Advisory Council to the President of Maldives 2009- to present. . Registered EIA Consultant in Maldives Environment Protection Agency roster.
Major Publications
SHAIG, A. (2001) "An Overview of Web Based Geographic Information Systems". In Proceedings: Thirteenth Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. P.A. Whigham (ed). 2 - 5 Dec, Dunedin, New Zealand. University of Otago, pp.255-264.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Coastal Infrastructure of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Land and Beaches of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2007) Land Study of Maldives, 2006. Ministry of Planning and National Development, Male’ Maldives.
SHAIG, A. and Aslam, M (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Natural Hazard Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives
SHAIG, A. (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Environmental Vulnerability Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives.
Academic Achievements
2001 Critchlow Associates Prize in Surveying, New Zealand. Prize awarded annually by University council for the highest standard of Achievement in Spatial Information Studies in University of Otago. 1994 Certificate for best results in General Certificate of Examinations, Advanced Level. Science Education Centre, Male’, Maldives
References
Hamdun Hameed David King, Dr. Member of Parliament Associate Proffessor Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: (+960) 3323414 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected] Simad Saeed, Dr Managing Director, Peter Valentine CDE Consulting Head of School, TESAG Department Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: +960 777 7445 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 Email: [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected]
Ahmed Shaig page 6
Clarification
I, the undersigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications and my experience. I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged.
Signature Date: 15 July 2013
Ahmed Shaig page 7 Ali Nishaman Nizar Hulhumalé Flat # 44-G02, Hulhumalé 06th March 1988 (00) 960 778 5767 [email protected]
A strategic and creative thinker who has effective communication and writing skills, and is ready and willing to use my skills and knowledge to add significant value to aid in your organization’s development and enhance its values.
EDUCATION
Cyprus Forestry College (2006 - 2008) Adv. Diploma in Forestry
Center for Higher Secondary Education (2004 - 2006) Edexcel - G.C.E. A’levels (Statistics, Business, Accounts) Cambridge - Certificate in Advanced English
Majeedhiyya School (2001 - 2003) Cambridge - O’levels (Mathematics, Economics, Commerce, English, Accounts)
EXPERIENCE
Terrestrial Environment Consultant – CDE Consulting, (July 13 – Present) Provides technical assistance to various national and international projects, specifically providing input in areas such as; wetlands, agriculture, forestry, vegetation mapping, mangroves, waste management, composting…etc. Provides supervisory assistance to managing terrestrial related aspects on all projects. Working on and contributing to several Environmental Impact Assessment studies. In charge of sourcing/developing innovative tools and methodologies for improving team work and cohesion at the office. Oversees environmental impacts related to Air Quality, Traffic, Noise and Vibration on all projects.
Local Consultant – Vegetation Expert – Hidria, Spain, (May 13 – Aug 13) Worked as a local consultant for Hidria, on developing the Wetland Management Plan for Addu Hithadhoo Eidhigali Kilhli and Gn.Fuvahmulah Bandaara & Dhandimagu Kilhi. Specifically on the areas of Terrestrial Biodiversity of Mangroves and Vegetation Mapping.
CSR Consultant – Secure Bag Maldives Pvt Ltd (Jan 12 – Jan 13) In charge of all activities of the company to improve its CSR image. In charge of handling all the activities carried out on the company owned Private Island. This includes doing various agricultural activities such as hydroponics, goat keeping, poultry, orchid farming, land-based agriculture and agro-tourism. The task involves leading staff personnel of 13 employees on the island. Developed a home-based CSR project to organize and reduce household waste. Developed a school program to increase awareness of recycling. Agriculture Implementation Officer (AIO) – Project Implementation Unit, MOFA (Oct 10 – Jun 13) Worked on the “Post-Tsunami Agriculture and Fisheries Rehabilitation Programme” & the “Fisheries and Agriculture Diversification Programme” In charge of planning, organizing and implementing all the activities under the agriculture component of the project. Planning and coordinating all agriculture and cooperative related training programs. Focal point for forming and mobilizing agriculture cooperatives in island based communities. Lead instructor for conducting Enumerator Training Programs and the Team leader for conducting baseline surveys for FADIP project Established 5 agricultural cooperatives in the Maldives and worked closely towards the formation of 15 additional cooperatives across the Maldives.
Head of Agriculture Research & Extension – Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture (Jan 10 – Sept 10) Led a team of 5 staff at the Agriculture Research and Extension Section in the Capital city and an additional 15 staff at their regional research centers in the North and South Devised agricultural research programs that develop and improve agriculture in a sustainable manner in the country. Conducted training programs, workshops and awareness session at various venues.
Director – BCube Signage Pvt Ltd (Aug 08 – Present) In charge of handling all marketing and client relations for the company. Designed layouts and concept notes for various publications and marketing campaigns. Lead focal point for all communications with the company’s foreign suppliers and local clients.
Agriculture Officer – Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture (Aug 08 – Dec 09) Handled the “Training & Extension Unit” (Agriculture Division). Planned and coordinated all agriculture related training programs in the Maldives on a daily basis according to the staff availability. Promoted general agriculture and other related activities using modern extension methodologies. Conducted training programs, workshops and awareness session at various venues.
National Project Assistant – F.A.O, United Nations (Aug 06 – Oct 06) Worked on a Post-Tsunami forest rehabilitation project. Worked with international consultants on several aspects of Maldivian forestry, agriculture especially focusing upon Maldivian Mangrove ecosystems. Worked closely with community members, local officials and visiting consultants in understanding local environments. Studied the different vegetation types in the Maldives (30 islands, mostly including wetlands).
Graphic Designer – BCube Signage Pvt Ltd (Jan 04 – Oct 06) Designed various logos and graphics for several clients. Created layouts and concept designs for several clients Create routine layouts for signboards. Design graphic advertisements ready for print, billboard and signboards.
WORKSHOPS / SHORT-TERM TRAININGS
2009, . Workshop on Strengthening Plant Quarantine and Inspection, Male’, Maldives, 15-16 July 2009 . “Awareness of Food Security” Workshop, Male’, Maldives, 22nd Oct 2009 . Workshop on Updating and Finalization of the Agriculture Development Master Plan (ADMP), Male, Maldives, 21st Dec 2009 2010, . Fisheries & Agriculture Diversification Programme, Financial, Procurement & M&E Training, Male’, Maldives, 26-28 Jan 2010 . Team Leaders Meeting, 8th Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth’s (VUSSC) International Training and Materials Development Workshop, Singapore, 14-20 Apr 2010 . Prevention, Control and Management of Forest Invasive Species in South Asia, (by APFSIN), Male’, Maldives, 29th Apr 2010 . 8th Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth’s (VUSSC) International Training and Materials Development Workshop, Male’, Maldives, 15-31 Mar 2011 . Loan Administration Training, Hdh.Kulhudhuhfushi, Maldives, 3-8 Jul 2010 . Workshop to Finalize the Draft Pesticides and Plant Protection Bill, Male’, Maldives, 12-13 Jul 2010 . International Workshop on Climate Change Extreme Events Adaptation Practices and Technological Solutions, New Delhi, 16-18 Aug 2010 2011, . FADIP “Rolling Baseline Survey” Workshop, Male, Maldives, 2-3 March 2011 . Knowledge Sharing in Asia Workshop #3: Participatory Techniques in the Field, Godavri, Nepal, 30th March 2011 – 2nd Apr 2011 . Knowledge Sharing in Asia Workshop #2: Writing to Share Knowledge Effectively, Godavri, Nepal, 3-6 Apr 2011 . Consultation Workshop for Facilitators on Cooperatives and Business Development, UNDP Building, Male, Maldives, 21st Apr 2011 . AFE’s Workshop on “Value Chain Program Design”, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12-16 Sept 2011 . Training of Trainers Workshop on Systematization, Nepal, 8-10 Dec 2011 2012, . Workshop on Knowledge Management, tools and techniques (as a trainer for the programme), Maldives, 29th November 2012 – 02nd Dec 2012 . Partnering 4 Development Forum, UNDP, Paradise Island Resort, 2nd Dec 2012 2013, . Consultative Workshop on ICRAF’s Capacity Development Strategy & ICRAF’s South Asian Partner’s Capacity Needs Assessment, BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee) Centre, 30-31 Jan 2013 . Certificate in Co-operative Poverty Reduction, Co-operative College of Malaysia, Malaysia, 3- 21 Mar 2013 2014, . Training Program on “Conflict Analysis and Community Dialogue”, UNDP Maldives, Malé, 4- 8 May 2014 2016, . The Entrepreneurial Speaker Program, The American Center Malé, Maldives, 19th Jul 2016 . Training on Agroforestry Diversification and Reforestation, Maldives, 14th-15th Nov 2016
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT WORK
Was a member of the team and provided contributions to both the field work and report writing of the following EIA’s:
Tourism Development Projects: . K. Olhuveli Resort Expansion and Upgrading EIA . Ga. Maanagalaa Resort Development EIA . Adh. Innafushi Resort Development EIA . R. Maamunagau Resort Development EIA . R. Huruvalhi Resort Development EIA . B. Miriandhoo Resort Development EIA . K. Rahfalhuhuraa Resort Development EIA . K. Emerald Lagoon Resort Development EIA . R. Faarufushi Resort Development EIA . N. Raafushi Resort Development EIA . Dh. Aluvifushi Resort Development EIA . M. Madifushi Resort Development EIA . Adh. Bodukaashihuraa Resort Development EIA . B. Dhigufaruvinagandu Resort Development EIA . K. Madivaru Resort Development EIA . Lh. Fushifaru Resort Development EIA . N. Thanburudhuffushi Picnic Island Development EIA . K. Gasfinolhu Addendum EIA (Palm transplanting) . K. Taj Vivanta Resort Shore Protection EIA
Agricultural Development Projects: . R. Dheburidheythereyvaadhoo Agricultural Development EIA . Sh. Madidhoo Agricultural Development EIA . Lh. Maduvarri Agricultural Development EIA
Airport Development Projects: . R. Ifuru Airport Development EIA . N. Maafaru Airport Development EIA
Major public/ private sector Projects: . Dh. Kudahuvadhoo Slipway Development EIA . IGMH 25 Storey Building EIA . K. Hulhumale 3000 Housing Units EIA . B. Thulhaadhoo Shore Protection Project EIA . Hdh. Kulhudhuffushi Shore Protection Project EIA . Sh. Bilehfahi Shore Protection Project EIA . STELCO Bottling Plant EIA . OOREDOO Submarine Cable Project EIA (5 islands) . Tree Top Hospital Development EIA . Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA . Addu and Fuvahmulah ESIA for Wetland Project
AWARDS & ACHIEVEMENTS
Cyprus Forestry College (2006 - 2008) . Highest Overall Performance: Presidential Prize (2nd prize) . Best Academic Performance: Nature Conservation . Best Academic Performance: Ecology . Best Botanical Collection . Best Fire Protection Project . Best Forest Management Project . Best Nursery Management Project
Center for Higher Secondary Education (2004 - 2006) . 10th place in the national Top Ten.
Majeedhiyya School (2001 - 2003) . 8th place in the national Top Ten. . A Prefect
CDE Pvt Ltd (2013 - Present) . Innovation Award 2015 – for contributions to the operations of CDE Consulting
PROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Designed and structured an online system to coordinate training programs and staff travel plans. This lead to an overall increase in the number of trainings by 400% from 2008 to 2009. Played active roles in the planning and organizing of key events and workshops such as; . Agriculture Fair 2009, Hdh.Kulhudhuhfushi . Farmers Day 2009, F.Nilandhoo . Food Security Workshop 2009, (In collaboration with Department of National Planning) Worked with a team from the Sultanate of Oman on a research program focusing on the local mango variety “Dhivehi Anbu”. Co-director and technical advisor for the Agriculture TV program, “dhanduveriya”. A 13 episode show that ran successfully for 1 full season on the national TV channel, TVM. Group leader in a materials development workshop for a course titled “Diploma in Sustainable Agriculture for Small States” for the Commonwealth of Learning, collaborating with another 20 people from different parts of the world. My work was focused on writing specifically the chapters of “Agriculture Production Systems” and the “Importance of Working Together (CBPO’s)”. Team leader for the “Fisheries and Agriculture Diversification Program” (FADiP) baseline survey on the RIM’S Impact Questionnaires and the Project Questionnaire which included over 250 households in 4 different islands. There is still another 200 or more households left in this survey. Played a key role in the development of Cooperatives in the Maldives as one of the first people involved in their training, set-up and development. Successfully developed over 5 Agricultural Cooperatives, and worked closely towards the formation of 15 additional cooperatives across the Maldives. One of the Cooperatives, Addu Meedhoo Cooperative Society (AMCS), was able to successfully record annual net sales of over MVR 2 million within 2 years of its inception. Designed and developed the first ever crop planning tool for Maldivian farmers, currently in use by AMCS. The tool helps farmers to plan their crop production and harvesting cycles by identifying key dates (planting dates, harvesting date, plot size etc.)
MEMBERSHIPS IN PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
Bluepeace - an Environmental NGO . Advisor on environmental and agricultural issues since the year 2009. . Participated in several beach and reef cleanup programs. . A member since the year 2008. UN Global Compact Maldives Network - a network of local private sector parties . Representative for Addu Meedhoo Cooperative Society . Representative for CDE Consulting United Artists of Maldives - an association focusing on Maldivian Art and Artisans . Sits in the Steering committee of UAM as the Media Coordinator, since January 2013 . Participated in the International Hay Festival Activities held in the Maldives in 2010. . A member since the year 2008. Mangroves for the Future Program, UNDP and Government of Maldives Project . Member of the National Coordinating Board, since December 2016
SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES
ICT Competent (MS Applications, Corel Suite…etc) Flexible to travel Able to Multi-task and work in stressful conditions Able to co-ordinate and work with CBPO’s / Co-operatives / NGO’s Decision Making Skills Logistical Planning Skills Good Interpersonal Skills Drone Piloting Skills Training Skills in “Composting”, “Agri-Business”, “General Agriculture”, “Hydroponics”, “Agro- Forestry”, “Mangroves”, “Home-gardening”, “Integrated Pest Management” and “Co-operatives”.
REFEREES
Dr. Ahmed Shaig, Director of Environment, CDE Consulting, [email protected] +9607788758
Dr. Aminath Shafia, Former State Minister, Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, [email protected] +9607792458
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Fluent in both writing and reading of Dhivehi (mother tongue) Fluent in both writing and reading of English Fluent in speaking Hindi and Urdu Basic level in speaking Greek ALI MOOSA DIDI 4th floor, MA. Rose Villa • Dhevina Magu • Male' • Maldives • 00 960 791-2001• [email protected]
A highly motivated individual with a hardworking attitude and over ten years of experience in the surveying industry of the Maldives.
Personal
Name: Ali Moosa Didi Date of Birth: 18th June 1985 Gender: Male Marital Status: Single NID No: A-154179
Education
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, GCE ORDINARY LEVEL (JAN 1997) Madharasthul Islamiya School Male’, Rep of Maldives
Employment
SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Conducting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also include the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) Ryco Investment Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assisted the Office Manager in handling all the human resources related duties of the Office, including Payroll processing.
ASSISTANT SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assiting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also included the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
俀A Skills
Competent in using Surveying Equipment and Accessories Intermediate in Microsoft Applications Intermediate in ArcGIS application
俀A
Work Experience
• Travelled to all 20 atolls of the Maldives • Over 100+ islands in the Maldives; including 20+ Resorts, 50+ Inhabited islands and 30+ Uninhabited islands and their associated reef systems Some of the EIA’s that I have worked on as a member of the team, or contributed to the field surveying work (Past 5 years only); • Tourism Development Projects: . Adh. Bodukaashihuraa Resort Development EIA . B. Dhigufaruvinagandu Resort Development EIA . K. Madivaru Resort Development EIA . Lh. Fushifaru Resort Development EIA . N. Thanburudhuffushi Picnic Island Development EIA . K. Gasfinolhu Addendum EIA (Palm transplanting) . K. Taj Vivanta Resort Shore Protection EIA . Lh. Maabinhuraa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Maagaa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Madivaru Finolhu Resort Development EIA . Olhuveli Lagoon Reclamation EIA . Dh. Aluvifushi Resort Development EIA . Lh. Huruvalhi Resort Development EIA • Agricultural Development Projects: . Sh. Madidhoo Agricultural Development EIA . Lh. Maduvarri Agricultural Development EIA . N. Minaavaru Agricultural Development EIA • Airport Development Projects: . R. Ifuru Airport Development EIA . N. Maafaru Airport Development EIA • Major public/ private sector Projects: . Tree Top Hospital Development EIA . Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA . Thilafushi Harbor Development EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA . Addu and Fuvahmulah ESIA for Wetland Project
References
Simad Saeed, PhD Ahmed Shaig, PhD Managing Director Director CDE Pvt Ltd CDE Pvt Ltd 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, Male’Maldives Male’Maldives [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +960 331 2514 Tel: +960 331 2514 Fax: +960 331 5926 Fax: +960 331 5926
Mohamed Ali
ID #: A 094918 Nationality: Maldivian Languages: English, Sinhalese, Dhivehi Date of Birth: 13/09/1983 Telephone: 960-790-6007 Email: [email protected]
Experience Marine Environmental Specialist June 2011- Present CDE Consulting
Marine Environment Officer July 2008 – May 2011 Banyan Tree Vabbinfaru
Freelance Lobster Hunter, Shark Fisherman Jan 2007 - July 2008 Laamu Atoll
Dock Assistant Sep 2006 - Jan 2007 Tourist Submarine Maldives
Education and Certifications PADI Rescue Diver June 2011 PADI Enriched Air Diver June 2011 Emergency First Responder May 2011
Basic Computer Science 2001 - 2006 Singapore Informatics, Colombo Sri Lanka
Shahdha Sustainable Development Consultant CDE Consulting Pvt Ltd Phone: +960 9700169 E-Mail: [email protected]
Professional Experience
Sustainable Development Consultant
CDE Consulting Private Limited, Male’, Republic of Maldives. 1 March 2015- Present n Experience
Environmental Impact Assessments
• EIA for the proposed test drilling For Hulhule’-Male’ Bridge construction project • EIA for the proposed redevelopment of Nasandhura Palace Hotel, Male’ • EIA for the proposed Hulhule’-Male’ Bridge Project • EIA for the proposed construction of a 9-storey building at the compound of ADK Hospital, Sosun Magu, Male’, Maldives • EIA for the proposed tourist development project at Madivaru Island, Kaafu Atoll • EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort development project in Ithaafushi Reef, South Male’ Atoll • EIA for the proposed resort development in Bodukaashihuraa, Alifu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives
Surveys
• Maldives Visitor Survey 2015 for the Ministry of Tourism • Maldives Democracy Survey 2015 for International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES)
Environmental Monitoring Projects
• Environmental and Social Performance Annual Monitoring 2014 for Shangri-La’s Vilingili Resort & Spa, Addu Atoll, Maldives
n Key Skills and Competencies
• Ability to interpret environmental laws and regulations and act accordingly • Sound knowledge of environmental management procedures and assessment of risk • Solid understanding of waste management, climate change, disaster prevention and mitigation, and coastal environment and processes • Profound knowledge of sustainable development issues • Ability to assess and analyze complex social problems • Competent in identifying and communicating with stakeholders • Skilled in data collection, analysis and report writing
Clinical Assistant
Indhira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male, Republic of Maldives February 2010- December 2011
Relief Teacher
HDh. Atoll School, HDh. Vaikaradhoo, Republic of Maldives July 2009- November 2009
Academic Qualifications
Bachelor of Environments 2012-2014 Major: Environmental Geographies, Politics and Cultures,
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Advanced Level Edexcel Examination
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examinations 2007-2009 Center for Higher Secondary Education, Male’, Republic of Maldives
Cambridge GCE O-level
IGCSE Examinations
Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination 2004-2006 Cener for Higher Secondary Education, Male’, Republic of Maldives
Achievements
§ Dean’s Honours Award for outstanding academic achievement in 2014 (University of Melbourne) 2014
§ Australian Development Scholarship 2011
§ Fourth place among the National Top 10 Achievers in the Higher Secondary School Completion Examinations 2009 2009
§ Second place among the National Top 10 Achievers in the Secondary School Completion Examinations 2006
§ Best All Round Student of H Dh. Atoll School 2006
§ Haveeru Atolls Scholarship Award 2007-2009
§ School Captain at H Dh. Atoll School.
§ Student Association’s Vice President in 2006 at H Dh. Atoll School 2006
§ Deputy and Acting School Captain in 2005 at H Dh. Atoll School
§ Student Association’s President in 2005 at H Dh. Atoll School 2005
Professional Development and Memberships
§ Member of the University of Melbourne Australian Awards Club 2013- 2014
§ Participated in the Women’s Mentoring Network at the University of Melbourne 2013
§ Completed a 21 hours course on Standard First Aid at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Maldives College of Higher Education 2010
§ Member of the Science Club at the Center for Higher Secondary Education 2007-2009
§ School Prefect Board member at the H Dh. Atoll School 2004-2006
Computer Skills
§ Experienced in using Microsoft office Word, Excel, Powerpoint and Project.
Language Skills
Understanding Speaking Writing
§ English Excellent Excellent Excellent
§ Dhivehi Excellent Excellent Excellent
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX G – Stakeholder Consultation List
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 125
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX H – Proponent Declaration and Commitment Letter
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 126
EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Funadhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
APPENDIX I – Acknowledgement letter by Atoll Coucil
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 127