DOCSLIB.ORG

Himachal Wildlife Project Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

.. .. -.. - . ;.,.. ~ .... ~ ... '.' 4 . • . ~ .. : ': '. 'to.. _. .... ':~~' ." • ' .. " . / " .}t.. .. .. , ....."• • .. ." • ~ILDl:IF'~~"OF .HIMACHAL PRA"DES~ THE ~ •• . .. , _.-.,-- THE WILDLIFE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH WESTERN HIMALAYAS Report of the Himachal Wildlife Project 1981 Technical Notes No.B2 School of Forest Resources University of Maine Albert D. Nutting Hall Orono, Maine 04469 U.S.A. $5.00 Left to right CRB HLH AJG GK PCT VH rJe VJZ AJG SCS AHG RP RK AC VH JH SKC HLH PJC HHR GK PJG CONTRIBUTORS Dr. C. R. Babu, Dept. of Botany, University of Delhi S. K. Chattopadhyay, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta A. Chauduri, Dept. of Botany , University of Delhi P. J. Cioffi, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine Dr . P. J. Garson , Dept. of Zoology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dr. A. J. Gaston, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa Dr . M. L. Hunter, Jr., School of Forest Resources, University of Maine R. Khandwa, Dept. of Botany, University of Delhi A. Kitsos, Jr. , School of Forest Resources, University of Maine G. Kumar, Zoological Survey of India, Dehra Dun V. Hatthai, Bombay Natural History Society Ramakrishnan Palat, Dept. of Zoology, University of Cali cut P. R. Phillimore, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Durham H. H. Ridley, Dept. of Zoology, University of Oxford S. C. Sharma, Dept. of Zoology & Entomology, Palampur Agricultural University P. C. Tak, Zoological Survey of India, Dehra Dun B. Vashisht, Dept. of Botany. University of Delhi S. K. Vats, Palampur J. W. Witham, School of Forest Resources, University of Maine Dr. V. J. Zacharias, Dept. of Zoology, University of Calicut EDITORS &1thony J. Gaston, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OE7 Canada Malcolm L. Hunter, Jr. ,School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 0446~ U.S.A. Peter J. Garson, Dept . of Zoology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle­ upon-Tyne NEI 7RU, U.K. PREFACE I first visited Himachal Prades h and Manali in 1969, and I fell in love with the birds of the high mountain valleys. I can vividly remember ,vatching flocks of purple Grandalas swirling against the sky while avalanches rumbled dO\vo the slopes of Beas Rikhi and the high ridges stretchi ng below the Rohtang Pass, before the motor-road had been completed. In 1973, I began to think about a multi­ disciplinary research project in the Western Himalayas. My wife Anne-Marie and I had taken a week's trek through Saraj, the district that straddles the watershed between the Beas and Sutlej Rivers. Inspired by Penelope Chetwode, the indefatigable author of Kulu, the End of the Habitable World, \ve had become interested in the people of these high valleys with their quaint villages and temples clinging to awesome slopes along the skirts of the sno"'Y ranges. When we crossed the Bashleo Pas s and gazed over the forested expanses of the upper Tirthan Valley we appreciated for the first time what real Himalayan forests looked like and understood the magnitude of the changes that human activities have brought to these mountains. The i.Jestern Himalayas presented two di fferent, though related, challenges. Firstly, I knew that t hey were reputed to support a rich fauna of large manmlals and pheasants most of which were rare or much reduced in numbers. So there \vas the immediate problem of how many remained, where they were, and what could be done to conserve them. Secondly, there were the purely scientif ic problems presented by a mountain range which not only compressed the most abrupt environ­ mental change in the terrestrial world into a few tens of kilometers, but also Jcted as the line of demarcation bet\veen two of the world's great faunal realms; the 0rie ntal region to the south and the Palaeartic to the north. No biologist could fail to be excited by the challenge that thes e great mountains pose. Initially, I had thought in terms of an intensive study covering a limited geographical area and concentrating on ecological studies of the most critically endangered species. Discussing my ideas with ~ac and Peter, however, it became clear that intensive studies in the Western Himalayas were premature. lfuat was urgently required, was an extensive s urvey of suitable areas o f undisturbed forest to dis cover wha t remained of the fa una and how serious ly it was endangered. It was also ii./ 1 rtant to link our efforts to those of the State Forest Department, which had been contemplating the creation o f a National Park near Manali, at the head of the Beas Valley, for some time. It would be s illy to pretend that organizing an undertaking of the scale of the Himachal Wildlife Project is an easy matter, or that everything in the early stages went as we had hoped. There was a distressing period of nearly seven months from t he date at which we intended to start to the point at which we f inally had all the necessary clearances to proceed. Credits will be given elsewhere to the man y individuals and organizations who assisted our work, but [ would like to make a personal mention of the efforts of Mr. N. D. Jayal, then of the Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi, and of Dr. Salim Ali, both o f \vhom purs ued our case when I believe that some might have counselled despair, and to Mr. Keith Howman of World Pheasant Ass ociation, who found funds to support other research projects which I carried out in a private capacity, but which yielded results eventually contributing to those of this project. I hope that this report will do something to justify the faith that they reposed in me at that time. AJG ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A project involving so many people and so many diverse interests, and covering such a long period of time and so wide an area inevitably has debts to a huge number of organizations and individuals. Here we attempt to acknowledge everyone but there were many people who assisted us briefly and remained anonymous. Firstly, we mqst thank the organizations which sponsored or assisted us: Bombay Natural History Society, Canadian Wildlife Service, Fauna Preservation Society, Mountaineering and Allied Sports Institute Manali, Overseas Development Administration (U.K.), Pheasant Trust, Royal Geographical Society, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Maine, University of Newcastle, Van Tienhoven Foundation, Volkart Foundation (India), World Pheasant Association, World Wildlife Fund~India, and World Wildlife Fund­ International and the Zoological Survey of India. We are especially grateful to the many representatives of these organizations with whom we interacted; only those individuals who were actively involved in the project are identified below. Individuals who assisted us in the planning of the project include Mrs. Dilnavez Variava, Mr. Lavkumar Khacher, and Mr. Duleep Mattbai of WWF-India, Mr. N. D. Jayal of the Union Ministry of Agriculture ; Drs. B. S. Lamba and T. N. Ananthakrishnan, Zoological Survey of India, Mr. Bachan Singh, Chief Conservator Department of Forests, Himachal Pradesh, Mr. P. Wayre of the Pheasant Trust, Mr. K. Howrnan and Mr. C. Savage of the World Pheasant Association, Dr. Salim Ali and Mr. J. C. Daniel of the Bombay Natural History Society and Major Ian Grimwood and Sir Hugh Elliott. For assistance during our stay in Manali we are most grateful to Dr. Harnam Singh of the Mountaineering and Allied Sports Institute, Mrs. Prem of Prem's Orchards and Tara Chand Thakur of Vashisht. Captain G. S. Shergill of Manali, Mr. V. Singh of Shangarh, Mr. Brijendra Singh of Chamba and Mr. R. Bharti of Bandal provided us with much valuable information on the wildlife of their respective areas. Throughout the project we found excellent support from the central government, initially from Mr. N. D. Jayal and more recently from Mr. Samar Singh and Mr. V. Pillai. These gentlemen, officials at the U. S. Embassy, and Dr. David Ferguson of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were most helpful in dealing with some of the difficulties inherent ' in an international project. He enjoyed generous cooperation from many members of the Forest Department of Himachal Pradesh, particularly the successive Conservators, Mr. I. S. Kang and Mr. P. C. Sharma, their Deputies Mr. Joginder Singh and Mr. K. B. Vaidya, the D. F. O. Kulu, Mr. Pandi, and Surindar Kumar, Range Officer. Special mention must be made of Mr. N. D. Rally, A. C. F. (Wildlife) Kulu who provided us with excellent logistic support and took a very keen interest in the project. For information on Himalayan wildlife outside our area we would like to thank Michael Green, Rodney Jackson, and Tony Lelliott. TABLE OF CONTENTS . PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION ....•..•....•..••...•..•....•..••..•.•......•.....•... 1 2 ENVIRONMENT ............................... eo .. ................................................... .. 5 Geography of the Western Himalayas ••.. .•••..... ..•............. 5 Forests ...•..•.•....•........•..•..••.•........••.........•..... 16 Structure and composition of the vegetation in relation to human disturbance, C. R. Babu, A. Chauduri, and . R. Khandwa .. ...••..•................... .......... .....•..... 26 3 Wf.LDLIFE ................... • ....... " .. " . .. .. ..• . .. .. 35 Pheasants .... ... •...•......•.....••.•.•.........•..........•...• 35 Mammals 56 Raptors .................... -................ ... .............................................. 86 Smaller birds .........•........•.•......•...•....•..•...•.•..... 91 4 PEOPLE ....... • ....•.......•..........•.•.........••.•.•••...••. ; .. 98 Migratory graziers and their flocks, Peter R. Phillimore ..•.•... 98 Hunting and poaching,
Recommended publications
  • Cs 10.6 Wildlife Conservation Projects

    Cs 10.6 Wildlife Conservation Projects

    SER CONTENT No LESSON PLAN LESSON PLAN : E 5 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PROJECTS IN INDIA Period - One Type - Lecture Code - E 6 Term - III (SD/SW) ______________________________________________________________ Training Aids 1. Computer, Projector, Charts, Pointer. Black Board & Chalk. Time Plan 2. (a) Introduction - 05 Mins (b) Wildlife Conservation - 15 Mins (c) Wild Life Projects - 15 Mins (d) Conclusion - 05 Mins INTRODUCTION 3. The Indian subcontinent is blessed with a natural habitat of a large and varied wildlife. We can find some of the most magnificent as well as the rarest wildlife species of the world in the country. The beauty and variety we see in the jungles of India is difficult to be expressed in words. However, the past few decades have seen the greed and negligence of human beings leading to large-scale poaching, habitat destruction, resulting in animal - human conflict with rapid decline in the population of most of the wild animals and birds. 4. Conservation of Wildlife in India has slowly and gradually been understood by all. Today, efforts are being made towards wildlife conservation to preserve this natural wealth. Numerous wildlife conservation projects have been undertaken in India, both, at the government, as well as the individual level, to protect the wildlife of the subcontinent. AIM 5. To acquaint the cadets about Wildlife Conservation and Projects in India. PREVIEW 6. The lecture will be conducted in following parts:- (a) Part I - Wildlife Conservation. (b) Part II - Wildlife Projects in India. (a) PART I : WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Need for Conservation 7. Threats to Wildlife. The major threats being faced by the wildlife in India are:- (a) Decreasing Capacity.
  • Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India

    Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India

    NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE OF INDIA Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible. Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation. The Western Ghats and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have tropical rain forests. The deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves. The desert and semi desert areas of Rajasthan are known for cactii, a wide variety of bushes and thorny vegetation. TYPES OF FORESTS Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests Tropical Deciduous forests Tropical Thorn forests Montane forests Littoral and Swamp forests TROPICAL EVERGREEN AND SEMI EVERGREEN FORESTS Tropical Evergreen These are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the north-eastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C. They are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees. The trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition. These forests appear green all the year round. Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc. Semi Evergreen They are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. Such forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees. The undergrowing climbers provide an evergreen character to these forests.
  • Prek Toal Bird and Mammal Species List

    Prek Toal Bird and Mammal Species List

    Prek Toal Bird and Mammal Species List Last Updated: April 2020 Number of Possible Bird Species: 135 Number of Possible Mammal Species: 5 BIRD SPECIES LIST IUCN RED LIST GROUP COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME CLASSIFICATION Dendrocygna Lesser Whistling-Duck Least Concern (LC) javanica Anatidae: Whistling Ducks, Pygmy-geese, Comb Duck, Typical Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope Least Concern (LC) Ducks Anas Indian Spot-billed Duck Least Concern (LC) poecilorhyncha Tachybaptus Podicipedidae: Grebes Little Grebe Least Concern (LC) ruficollis Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea Vulnerable (VU) Mycteria Painted Stork Near Threatened (NT) leucocephala Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans Least Concern (LC) Ciconiidae: Storks and Adjutants Ephippiorhynchus Black-necked Stork Near Threatened (NT) asiaticus Leptoptilos Lesser Adjutant Vulnerable (VU) javanicus Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius Endangered (EN) Threskiornis Black-headed Ibis Near Threatened (NT) melanocephalus Threskiornithidae: Ibises and Spoonbills Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus Least Concern (LC) Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Least Concern (LC) Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Least Concern (LC) Ixobrychus Cinnamon Bittern Least Concern (LC) Ardeidae: Bitterns, Herons and cinnamomeus Egrets Ixobrychus Black Bittern Least Concern (LC) flavicollis Black-crowned Nycticorax Least Concern (LC) Night-Heron nycticorax Little Heron Butorides striata Least Concern (LC) Chinese Pond-Heron Ardeola bacchus Least Concern (LC) Javan Pond-Heron Ardeola speciosa Least Concern (LC) Bubulcus Eastern
  • SICHUAN (Including Northern Yunnan)

    SICHUAN (Including Northern Yunnan)

    Temminck’s Tragopan (all photos by Dave Farrow unless indicated otherwise) SICHUAN (Including Northern Yunnan) 16/19 MAY – 7 JUNE 2018 LEADER: DAVE FARROW The Birdquest tour to Sichuan this year was a great success, with a slightly altered itinerary to usual due to the closure of Jiuzhaigou, and we enjoyed a very smooth and enjoyable trip around the spectacular and endemic-rich mountain and plateau landscapes of this striking province. Gamebirds featured strongly with 14 species seen, the highlights of them including a male Temminck’s Tragopan grazing in the gloom, Chinese Monal trotting across high pastures, White Eared and Blue Eared Pheasants, Lady Amherst’s and Golden Pheasants, Chinese Grouse and Tibetan Partridge. Next were the Parrotbills, with Three-toed, Great and Golden, Grey-hooded and Fulvous charming us, Laughingthrushes included Red-winged, Buffy, Barred, Snowy-cheeked and Plain, we saw more Leaf Warblers than we knew what to do with, and marvelled at the gorgeous colours of Sharpe’s, Pink-rumped, Vinaceous, Three-banded and Red-fronted Rosefinches, the exciting Przevalski’s Finch, the red pulse of Firethroats plus the unreal blue of Grandala. Our bird of the trip? Well, there was that Red Panda that we watched for ages! 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Sichuan Including Northern Yunnan 2018 www.birdquest-tours.com Our tour began with a short extension in Yunnan, based in Lijiang city, with the purpose of finding some of the local specialities including the rare White-speckled Laughingthrush, which survives here in small numbers. Once our small group had arrived in the bustling city of Lijiang we began our birding in an area of hills that had clearly been totally cleared of forest in the fairly recent past, with a few trees standing above the hillsides of scrub.
  • Status and Phylogenetic Analyses of Endemic Birds of the Himalayan Region

    Status and Phylogenetic Analyses of Endemic Birds of the Himalayan Region

    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 47(2), pp. 417-426, 2015. Status and Phylogenetic Analyses of Endemic Birds of the Himalayan Region M.L. Thakur* and Vineet Negi Himachal Pradesh State Biodiversity Board; Department of Environment, Science & Technology, Shimla-171 002 (HP), India Abstract.- Status and distribution of 35 species of birds endemic to Himalayas has been analysed during the present effort. Of these, relatively very high percentage i.e. 46% (16 species) is placed under different threat categories. Population of 24 species (74%) is decreasing. A very high percentage of these Himalayan endemics (88%) are dependent on forests. Population size of most of these bird species (22 species) is not known. Population size of some bird species is very small. Distribution area size of some of the species is also very small. Three species of endemic birds viz., Callacanthis burtoni, Pyrrhula aurantiaca and Pnoepyga immaculata appear to have followed some independent evolutionary lineage and also remained comparatively stable over the period of time. Three different evolutionary clades of the endemic bird species have been observed on the basis of phylogenetic tree analyses. Analyses of length of branches of the phylogenetic tree showed that the three latest entries in endemic bird fauna of Himalayan region i.e. Catreus wallichii, Lophophorus sclateri and Tragopan blythii have been categorised as vulnerable and therefore need the highest level of protection. Key Words: Endemic birds, Himalayan region, conservation status, phylogeny. INTRODUCTION broadleaved forests in the mid hills, mixed conifer and coniferous forests in the higher hills, and alpine meadows above the treeline mainly due to abrupt The Himalayas, one of the hotspots of rise of the Himalayan mountains from less than 500 biodiversity, include all of the world's mountain meters to more than 8,000 meters (Conservation peaks higher than 8,000 meters, are stretched in an International, 2012).
  • Taxonomy of Some Important Wild/Zoo Animals Found in India

    Taxonomy of Some Important Wild/Zoo Animals Found in India

    International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology Review Article Open Access Taxonomy of some important wild/zoo animals found in India Abstract Volume 3 Issue 2 - 2018 The persons engaged in management of wild life are zoo veterinarian, wild life health scientist who should know about taxonomic classification of status of wild fauna Basant Bais to familiarize them with peculiarities of animals which may be of great helpful in Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, India management, diagnosis & treatment of disease. At the global level about 1.6 million living forms have been identified including green plants, fungi, insects, vertebrates, & Correspondence: Basant Bais, Department of Livestock m.o. In India about 81251 species of animals accounts for 372 mammals, 1228 birds, Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 446reptiles, 204 amphibians, 2546 fishes, 5050 molluscs & 60383 insects. In flora Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India have 15% of known world plants. About 372 species of mammals under the Rajasthan, 334001, India, Email [email protected] class Mammlia reported in India with 3 subclasses. The aim of this study is to come Received: February 23, 2018 | Published: March 15, 2018 across the baseline classification of wild animals. Through classification we can also know about living and feeding habitats of a particular group of animals. The animals belonging to one group will have some general characters which also help in handling and management of wild animals in zoo or in their natural habitat.1 a. Monotremata (eg.spiny anteater) b. Marsupalia (eg. kangaroo, koala bear) c. Eutheria: There are 12 different orders have been reported in India.
  • Žƶƌŷăů ŽĨ Dśƌğăƚğŷğě Dădžă

    Žƶƌŷăů ŽĨ Dśƌğăƚğŷğě Dădžă

    KWE^^ ůůĂƌƟĐůĞƐƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂĂƌĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƌĞĂƟǀĞŽŵŵŽŶƐƩƌŝďƵƟŽŶϰ͘Ϭ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂͲ ƟŽŶĂů>ŝĐĞŶƐĞƵŶůĞƐƐŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ͘:ŽddĂůůŽǁƐƵŶƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚƵƐĞŽĨĂƌƟĐůĞƐŝŶĂŶLJŵĞĚŝƵŵ͕ƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶďLJƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞĐƌĞĚŝƚƚŽƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͘ :ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨdŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚdĂdžĂ dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůũŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚĂdžŽŶŽŵLJ ǁǁǁ͘ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐ /^^EϬϵϳϰͲϳϵϬϳ;KŶůŝŶĞͿͮ/^^EϬϵϳϰͲϳϴϵϯ;WƌŝŶƚͿ ÊÃÃçÄ®ã®ÊÄ ò®¥çÄÊ¥«Ã®ÝãÙ®ã͕,®Ã«½WÙÝ«͕/Ä®ó®ã« ÃÖ«Ý®ÝÊÄ<½ãÊÖͲ<«¹¹®Ùt®½½®¥^ÄãçÙùÄ®ãÝ ÝçÙÙÊçÄ®Ä¦Ý dĂƌŝƋŚŵĞĚ^ŚĂŚ͕sŝƐŚĂůŚƵũĂ͕DĂƌƟŶĂŶĂŶĚĂŵΘŚĞůŵĂůĂ ^ƌŝŶŝǀĂƐƵůƵ Ϯϲ:ĂŶƵĂƌLJϮϬϭϲͮsŽů͘ϴͮEŽ͘ϭͮWƉ͘ϴϯϯϯʹϴϯϱϳ ϭϬ͘ϭϭϲϬϵͬũŽƩ͘ϭϳϳϰ͘ϴ͘ϭ͘ϴϯϯϯͲϴϯϱϳ &Žƌ&ŽĐƵƐ͕^ĐŽƉĞ͕ŝŵƐ͕WŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŶĚ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐǀŝƐŝƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬďŽƵƚͺ:Ždd͘ĂƐƉ &ŽƌƌƟĐůĞ^ƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐǀŝƐŝƚŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬ^ƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶͺ'ƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ͘ĂƐƉ &ŽƌWŽůŝĐŝĞƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐDŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚǀŝƐŝƚ ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐͬ:ŽddͺWŽůŝĐLJͺĂŐĂŝŶƐƚͺ^ĐŝĞŶƟĮĐͺDŝƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͘ĂƐƉ &ŽƌƌĞƉƌŝŶƚƐĐŽŶƚĂĐƚфŝŶĨŽΛƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚƚĂdžĂ͘ŽƌŐх WƵďůŝƐŚĞƌͬ,ŽƐƚ WĂƌƚŶĞƌ dŚƌĞĂƚĞŶĞĚTaxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2016 | 8(1): 8333–8357 Avifauna of Chamba District, Himachal Pradesh, India with emphasis on Kalatop-Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary and its Communication surroundings ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Tariq Ahmed Shah 1, Vishal Ahuja 2, Martina Anandam 3 & Chelmala Srinivasulu 4 OPEN ACCESS 1,2,3 Field Research Division, Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 96 Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India 1,4 Natural History Museum and Wildlife
  • Wild Life Reserves in India from the Esri India Geoinquiries™

    Wild Life Reserves in India from the Esri India Geoinquiries™

    Wild Life Reserves in India From the Esri India GeoInquiries™ Target Audience: Class 9 Geography Students Time required : 1 hour and 10 minutes ENVIRONMENTA Indicators Understand the Wild Life Sanctuaries with its density, Birds sanctuaries with its density, National parks of India, Tiger Reserves in India and Wild life sanctuaries area estimation state wise. Learning Students will analyse Wild Life Reserves of India in the world using web-based mapping tools to: Outcomes Examine a map of Wild life Sanctuaries in India and understand about the every Sanctuaries with exact places. Examine a map of Wild life Sanctuaries density in India and understand which states have minimum and maximum wild life sanctuaries in India means low to high density of sanctuaries. Examine a map of State wise area estimation of India Wild Life Sanctuaries and understand the area of every wild life sanctuaries with the states in India Examine a map of Birds sanctuaries and understand about the Birds sanctuaries state wise in India and examine area also of every bird’s sanctuaries. Examine a map of Birds sanctuaries density and understand the area influence of bird’s sanctuaries in India in terms of low to high density. Examine a map of National Parks & the map of Tiger Reserves and understand the how many National parks and tiger reserves are in India state wise with its exact location Map URL: https://arcg.is/19f0aS Can you better understand the Area Estimation of Wild Life sanctuaries State wise? Can you better understand the states is high and low dense for wild life and birds sanctuaries Can you better understand the Tiger Reserves and National Parks in India? This is a discovery type of investigation.
  • OSME List V3.4 Passerines-2

    OSME List V3.4 Passerines-2

    The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME) The OSME Region List of Bird Taxa: Part C, Passerines. Version 3.4 Mar 2017 For taxa that have unproven and probably unlikely presence, see the Hypothetical List. Red font indicates either added information since the previous version or that further documentation is sought. Not all synonyms have been examined. Serial numbers (SN) are merely an administrative conveninence and may change. Please do not cite them as row numbers in any formal correspondence or papers. Key: Compass cardinals (eg N = north, SE = southeast) are used. Rows shaded thus and with yellow text denote summaries of problem taxon groups in which some closely-related taxa may be of indeterminate status or are being studied. Rows shaded thus and with white text contain additional explanatory information on problem taxon groups as and when necessary. A broad dark orange line, as below, indicates the last taxon in a new or suggested species split, or where sspp are best considered separately. The Passerine Reference List (including References for Hypothetical passerines [see Part E] and explanations of Abbreviated References) follows at Part D. Notes↓ & Status abbreviations→ BM=Breeding Migrant, SB/SV=Summer Breeder/Visitor, PM=Passage Migrant, WV=Winter Visitor, RB=Resident Breeder 1. PT=Parent Taxon (used because many records will antedate splits, especially from recent research) – we use the concept of PT with a degree of latitude, roughly equivalent to the formal term sensu lato , ‘in the broad sense’. 2. The term 'report' or ‘reported’ indicates the occurrence is unconfirmed.
  • The Azores Bullfinch

    The Azores Bullfinch

    bs_bs_banner Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 108, 677–687. With 4 figures The Azores bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina) has the same unusual and size-variable sperm morphology as the Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) JAN T. LIFJELD1*, ANTJE HOENEN2, LARS ERIK JOHANNESSEN1, TERJE LASKEMOEN1, RICARDO J. LOPES3, PEDRO RODRIGUES3,4 and MELISSAH ROWE1 1Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway 2Electron Microscopical Unit for Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway 3CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 4CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Polo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal Received 25 July 2012; revised 25 September 2012; accepted for publication 25 September 2012 The Azores bullfinch is endemic to the island of São Miguel in the Azores archipelago and the sister species to the Eurasian bullfinch. Here we show that the spermatozoa of the two species have similar ultrastructure and gross morphology. Thus, the unusual and supposedly neotenous sperm morphology previously described for the Eurasian bullfinch appears to be an ancestral trait that evolved before the two taxa diverged. In addition, the coefficients of variation in total sperm length, both within and among males, were high in both species and exceed any previously published values for free-living passerines. Such high sperm-size variation is typically found in species with relaxed sperm competition. However, the high variance in mean sperm length among Azores bullfinches is surprising, because the trait has high heritability and this small, insular population shows clear signs of reduced genetic diversity at neutral loci.
  • Eton Range Realignment Project ATTACHMENT 2 to EPBC Ref: 2015/7552 Preliminary Documentation Residual Impact Assessment and Offset Proposal - 37

    Eton Range Realignment Project ATTACHMENT 2 to EPBC Ref: 2015/7552 Preliminary Documentation Residual Impact Assessment and Offset Proposal - 37

    APPENDIX 3: KSAT RESULTS – PELLET COUNTS Table 5: KSAT results per habitat tree. Species Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Total Eucalyptus tereticornis 9 30 16 - 42 7 104 Eucalyptus crebra 91 16 29 2 0 25 163 Corymbia clarksoniana 11 0 0 1 4 5 21 Corymbia tessellaris 5 0 0 0 0 20 25 Corymbia dallachiana - 12 - - - - 12 Corymbia intermedia - 3 1 0 11 - 15 Corymbia erythrophloia - - 0 - 0 - 0 Eucalyptus platyphylla - - - 0 0 0 0 Lophostemon - - - 0 0 - 0 suaveolens Total 116 61 46 3 57 57 Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 22 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder APPENDIX 4: SITE PHOTOS The following images were taken from the centre of each BioCondition quadrat and represent a north east south west aspect, top left to bottom right. Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 23 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 3: BioCondition quadrat 1 (RE11.3.4/11.12.3) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 24 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 4: BioCondition quadrat 2 (RE11.3.4/11.12.3) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 25 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 5: BioCondition quadrat 3 (RE11.12.3) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 26 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 6: BioCondition quadrat 4 (RE11.3.9) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 27 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 7: BioCondition quadrat 5 (RE11.3.25) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 28 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Plate 8: BioCondition quadrat 6 (RE11.12.3/11.3.4/11.3.9) Ref: NCA15R30439 Page 29 27 November 2015 Copyright 2015 Kleinfelder Appendix E: Desktop Assessment for Potential
  • Background India: General Information

    Background India: General Information

    Important BIrd and BIodIVErSItY arEaS In IndIa – bACKGROUnd BACKGROUND OTTO PFISTER OTTO More than 1,200 species of birds are found in India, including some spectacular species such as the Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus INDIA: GENERAL INFORMATION ndia is situated between latitudes 8° 4’ and 37° N, and (October–March). However, in south India, the winter is Ilongitudes 68° 7’ and 97° 25’ E, and is bounded on the not as cold as in north India. It is marked by clear skies, southwest by the Arabian Sea and on the southeast by the hot days, and cool nights. This kind of weather prevails Bay of Bengal. To the north and northeast lies the mighty from September to March. The southwest monsoon sets Himalayan range. To the west lies Pakistan and to the in over Kerala in June, progresses towards the north and east, Bangladesh and Myanmar. In the north, Tibet, China, envelops the entire country by the end of July. The eastern Nepal, and Bhutan share international boundaries with coastal regions – the coasts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil India. To the south Sri Lanka shares the maritime boundary Nadu – experience the northeast monsoon between October and is separated from India by a narrow channel of the Bay and November. Along the east coast, this period is marked of Bengal formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar by cyclones due to severe atmospheric depressions in the (Mathew 2003). Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean that move towards the India is one of the largest countries of the world and mainland at a high speed, causing widespread destruction covers an area of about 3,287,263 sq.