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GEOMORPHIC ASPECT of HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING Dr
GEOMORPHIC ASPECT OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING Dr. N.L. Dongre, IPS Omkareshwar Dam on The Narbada River rift valley ABSTRACT- To explain the geomorphic aspects, examples are given from well known Jaypee Groups Dam and hydraulic constructions and Worlds important river project. Morphology may be defined as the science of structure or form "and fluvial may be defined as produced by the action of flowing water." Since rivers can hardly be said to have structure, fluvial morphology is therefore, the science of the form as produced by the action of flowing water. It is a branch of geomorphology, the science of the form of the earth's surface. Geomorphology has also been called physiography. Fluvial morphology is particularly important to the hydraulic engineering because many of his greatest problems arise because of the form of streams brought about by the transportation and deposition of sediment by them. For the proper solution of these problems, knowledge of the principles of fluvial morphology is often necessary. Among the problems in which fluvial morphology is a very important factor are many of those dealing with water resources development and include some of the most important river problems in the world. Among these is flood control on the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari, Periyar, Kaveri, Sutlaj, Narmada, Kosi, Tawa and Chambal (India), lower Mississippi and lower Colorado Rivers (USA). The development of the Hydraulic resources all over the world are ensured and commissioned. The Yellow and Huai River flood problems are solved by China. As streams become highly developed, and changes in sediment movement due to stream developments slowly become evident, the importance of the morphological aspect of river control problems will be increasingly appreciated. -
Geo-Data: the World Geographical Encyclopedia
Geodata.book Page iv Tuesday, October 15, 2002 8:25 AM GEO-DATA: THE WORLD GEOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA Project Editor Imaging and Multimedia Manufacturing John F. McCoy Randy Bassett, Christine O'Bryan, Barbara J. Nekita McKee Yarrow Editorial Mary Rose Bonk, Pamela A. Dear, Rachel J. Project Design Kain, Lynn U. Koch, Michael D. Lesniak, Nancy Cindy Baldwin, Tracey Rowens Matuszak, Michael T. Reade © 2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale For permission to use material from this prod- Since this page cannot legibly accommodate Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, uct, submit your request via Web at http:// all copyright notices, the acknowledgements Inc. www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may constitute an extension of this copyright download our Permissions Request form and notice. Gale and Design™ and Thomson Learning™ submit your request by fax or mail to: are trademarks used herein under license. While every effort has been made to ensure Permissions Department the reliability of the information presented in For more information contact The Gale Group, Inc. this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. not guarantee the accuracy of the data con- 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 tained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no Farmington Hills, MI 48331–3535 Permissions Hotline: payment for listing; and inclusion in the pub- Or you can visit our Internet site at 248–699–8006 or 800–877–4253; ext. 8006 lication of any organization, agency, institu- http://www.gale.com Fax: 248–699–8074 or 800–762–4058 tion, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or pub- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Cover photographs reproduced by permission No part of this work covered by the copyright lisher. -
From Southeast Asia Received: 26 April 2018 Ivan N
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A new genus and tribe of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) from Southeast Asia Received: 26 April 2018 Ivan N. Bolotov 1,2, John M. Pfeifer3, Ekaterina S. Konopleva1,2, Ilya V. Vikhrev1,2, Accepted: 21 June 2018 Alexander V. Kondakov1,2, Olga V. Aksenova1,2, Mikhail Yu. Gofarov1,2, Published: xx xx xxxx Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan4 & Than Win 5 The freshwater mussel genus Oxynaia Haas, 1911 is thought to be comprised of two geographically disjunct and morphologically variable species groups but the monophyly of this taxon has yet to be tested in any modern cladistic sense. This generic hypothesis has important systematic and biogeographic implications as Oxynaia is the type genus of the currently recognized tribe Oxynaiini (Parreysiinae) and is one of the few genera thought to cross several biogeographically important barriers in Southeast Asia. Morphological and molecular data clearly demonstrate that Oxynaia is not monophyletic, and the type species and its allies (O. jourdyi group) belong to the Unioninae, and more specifcally as members of the genus Nodularia Conrad, 1853. Therefore, neither Oxynaia syn. nov. nor Oxynaiini Starobogatov, 1970 are applicable to the Parreysiinae and in the absence of an available name, Indochinella gen. nov. and Indochinellini trib. nov. are described. Several combinations are proposed as follows: Indochinella pugio (Benson, 1862) gen. et comb. nov., Nodularia jourdyi (Morlet, 1886) comb. res., N. gladiator (Ancey, 1881) comb. res., N. diespiter (Mabille, 1887) comb. res. and N. micheloti (Morlet, 1886) comb. res. Finally, we provide an updated freshwater biogeographic division of Southeast Asia. Integrative taxonomic studies are of substantial practical importance to conservation stakeholders as accurate information on the systematics and distributions of biodiversity forms the foundation of taxon- and habitat-based conservation eforts. -
European Settlements in the Far East; China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China
ETUEMENT FAf^ ^Asr ''l»H^,_iK.:,5fP'*i«i'^,iiSr- Beta ISorit iDtatt CoIIesc of l^griculture St Cornell HBnthersitp 3tbaca, B. £. Cornell University Library JV 241.S6 European settlements in the Far East; Chi 3 1924 014 072 791 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014072791 EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE FAR EAST European Settlements IN THE Far East CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-CHINA, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, MALAY STATES, SIAM, NETHERLANDS INDIA, BORNEO, THE PHILIPPINES, ETC. WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY LIMITED Sit. SBunfitan'jfi Igoufie Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. 1900 LONDON: FBIKTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LISOTED, STAUFOKD STREET AND CHABIKG CB068. " PREFATORY NOTE The frequent occurrence in the Press, on both sides of the Atlantic, of the phrases " Spheres of Influence and " The Open Door ; " the great prominence given to the Far East, both politically and commercially, and the important part it seems destined to play in European politics in the near future, lead the com- piler to believe that this brief account of the European Settlements in the Far East will not be without interest to the political student, the merchant, and the public generally. It is also hoped that it will be of value to the ever- increasing army of travellers as a guide-book to many places which, although they lie out of the ordinary route, will well repay a visit. -
Trends of Runoff Variation and Effects of Main Causal Factors in Mun
water Article Trends of Runoff Variation and Effects of Main Causal Factors in Mun River, Thailand During 1980–2018 Renzhi Li 1,2 , Heqing Huang 1,2,* , Guoan Yu 1,* , Hong Yu 3, Arika Bridhikitti 4 and Teng Su 1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (T.S.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Twenty First Century Aerospace Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100096, China; [email protected] 4 Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (G.Y.); Tel.: +86-10-6488-0272 (G.Y.) Received: 5 February 2020; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 15 March 2020 Abstract: Mun River is the largest tributary of the Mekong River in Thailand and provides abundant water resources not only for an important agricultural area in Thailand but also for the lower Mekong River. To understand how the runoff of Mun River responds to climate change and human activities in recent decades, this study performed a detailed examination of the characteristics of runoff variation based on measurements at two hydrological gauging stations on the main stem of Mun River during 1980–2018. Using the Mann-Kendall test, Morlet wavelet transform and Double Cumulative Curve methods, this study identifies that the variation of annual runoff of Mun River encountered an abruption in 1999/2000, with an increased trend taking place since then. -
A Transformative Partnership to Conserve Water
A Transformative Partnership to Conserve Water Annual Review 2012 Thinkstock “We set out with an ambitious goal to help conserve the world’s fresh water. We’ve made great progress, but we know we have more work to do. Faced with increasing pressures from climate change and a growing global population, partnerships are more important now than ever before to help protect this vital resource that sustains all our lives.” —Suzanne Apple Vice President, Business & Industry WWF Sunset in Vietnam © Edward Parker / WWF-Canon A Transformative Partnership to Conserve Water Annual Review 2012 Water is a fundamental necessity—a prerequisite for human health and well-being and essential to conserving nature. However, freshwater systems are under threat as rising populations and climate change put increased pressure on this vital resource. To maintain healthy ecosystems, viable com- munities and sustainable economies, we must all work together—partnering toward solutions for this shared global challenge. Water is critical to both The Coca-Cola Company and World Wildlife Fund (WWF), which is why we have worked together for more than five years to help conserve and protect the world’s fresh water, as well as to address the challenges that affect water, including climate change and unsustain- able agriculture. Throughout 2012, our partnership continued to achieve notable successes in our five areas of focus. This report summarizes our accomplishments over the last year to: • Conserve seven of the world’s most important freshwater basins • Improve water efficiency within the Company’s operations • Reduce the Company’s carbon emissions • Promote sustainable agriculture • Inspire a global movement to conserve water Because fresh water continues to be of critical importance to our partnership and to the ecosystems, communities, and economies that depend on water, we have committed to continuing our trans- formational work through 2020—extending our reach and influence, building on our progress, and engaging new allies to achieve even greater impact. -
LCSH Section V
V (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) V2 Class (Steam locomotives) Vaca family UF Ryan, Valerie (Fictitious character) USE Class V2 (Steam locomotives) USE Baca family Valerie Ryan (Fictitious character) V838 Mon (Astronomy) Vaca Island (Haiti) V-1 bomb (Not Subd Geog) USE V838 Monocerotis (Astronomy) USE Vache Island (Haiti) UF Buzz bomb V838 Monocerotis (Astronomy) Vacada Rockshelter (Spain) Flying bomb This heading is not valid for use as a geographic UF Abrigo de La Vacada (Spain) FZG-76 (Bomb) subdivision. BT Caves—Spain Revenge Weapon One UF V838 Mon (Astronomy) Spain—Antiquities Robot bombs Variable star V838 Monocerotis Vacamwe (African people) V-1 rocket BT Variable stars USE Kamwe (African people) Vergeltungswaffe Eins V1343 Aquilae (Astronomy) Vacamwe language BT Surface-to-surface missiles USE SS433 (Astronomy) USE Kamwe language NT A-5 rocket VA hospitals Vacanas Fieseler Fi 103R (Piloted flying bomb) USE Veterans' hospitals—United States USE Epigrams, Kannada V-1 rocket VA mycorrhizas Vacancy of the Holy See USE V-1 bomb USE Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas UF Popes—Vacancy of the Holy See V-2 bomb Va Ngangela (African people) Sede vacante USE V-2 rocket USE Ngangela (African people) BT Papacy V-2 rocket (Not Subd Geog) Vaaga family Vacant family (Not Subd Geog) UF A-4 rocket USE Waaga family UF De Wacquant family Revenge Weapon Two Vaagd family Wacquant family Robot bombs USE Voget family Vacant land V-2 bomb Vaagn (Armenian deity) USE Vacant lands Vergeltungswaffe Zwei USE Vahagn (Armenian deity) Vacant lands (May Subd Geog) BT Rockets (Ordnance) Vaago (Faroe Islands) Here are entered works on urban land without NT A-5 rocket USE Vágar (Faroe Islands) buildings, and not currently being used. -
Contested Waterscapes in the Mekong Region Hydropower, Livelihoods and Governance
Contested Waterscapes in the Mekong Region Hydropower, Livelihoods and Governance EDITED BY François Molle, Tira Foran and Mira Käkönen publishing for a sustainable future London • Sterling, VA First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009 Copyright © Unit for Social and Environmental Research (USER), Chiang Mai University, Thailand 2009 All rights reserved ISBN: 978-1-84407-707-6 Typeset by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, Mid Glamorgan Cover design by Susanne Harris For a full list of publications please contact: Earthscan Dunstan House 14a St Cross St London, EC1N 8XA, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7841 1930 Fax: +44 (0)20 7242 1474 Email: [email protected] Web: www.earthscan.co.uk 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA Earthscan publishes in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contested waterscapes in the Mekong Region : hydropower, livelihoods, and governance / edited by François Molle, Tira Foran, and Mira Käkönen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84407-707-6 (hardback) 1. Water resources development--Mekong River Watershed. 2. Water-supply--Mekong River Watershed. 3. Hydroelectric power plants--Political aspects--Mekong River Watershed. 4. Water rights--Mekong River Watershed. 5. Watershed management--Mekong River Watershed. I. Molle, François. II. Foran, Tira. III. Kakonen, Mira. TC513.M45C67 2009 333.91’150959--dc22 2008051424 At Earthscan we strive to minimize our environmental impacts and carbon footprint through reducing waste, recycling and offsetting our CO2 emissions, including those created through publication of this book. -
Implementation Timetable for Resettlement
RP593 V3 Anhui Province Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project Financed Public Disclosure Authorized by World Bank in Huai River Basin Resettlement Action Plan in first year project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Anhui Province Huai River Basin Flood Management and Drainage Improvement Project Management Office Oct, 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized Letter of Commitment Through Ministry of Finance, Anhui Province Government (APG) is applying for the loan from the World Bank (WB) to finance the present project. Therefore, the implementation of the present project should be in compliance with WB’s policies of Social Safeguards. This Resettlement Plan represents a key requirement of the WB and is the key basis for land acquisition, house demolition and resettlement in the present project. This Resettlement Plan also complies with the laws of the People’s Republic of China and local regulations. Besides, for better resettlement outcome it adopts additional measures and arrangements for implementation and monitoring. APG hereby approves the contents of this Resettlement Plan and guarantees that resettlement budget has been included in the whole project budget and it will be made available as stipulated. APG has discussed the draft Resettlement Plan with relevant departments and the latter have confirmed their acceptance. APG authorizes Anhui WB Project Management Office to be responsible for all project implementation and relevant resettlement activities. Related local governments take charge of actual -
46050-002: Hubei Huanggang Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Environmental Impact Assessment (DRAFT) January 2014 People‘s Republic of China: Hubei Huanggang Urban Environment Improvement Project Prepared by Huanggang Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 November 2013) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.16260 $1.00 = CNY6.15 In this report, ―$‖ refers to US dollars. ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AQG Air quality guideline As Arsenic B Boron BOD5 5-day biochemical oxygen demand CaCO3 Calcium carbonate C&D Construction and demolition Cd Cadmium Cl- Chloride CO Carbon monoxide COD Chemical oxygen demand CN Cyanide CNY Chinese yuan CR Critically endangered Cr Chromium Cr6+ Hexavalent chromium Cu Copper DDT Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane DO Dissolved oxygen E East EA Executing agency EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental impact assessment EIR Environmental impact report EIRF Environmental impact registration form EIT Environmental impact table EMP Environmental management plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EN Endangered EPB Environmental Protection Bureau EPD Environmental Protection Department EW Extinct in the wild F- Fluoride Fe Iron FSR Feasibility study report FSW Free surface water FYP Five Year Plan GDP Gross domestic product GRM Grievance redress mechanism HAPB Huanggang Aquatic Products Bureau HEPB Huanggang Environmental Protection Bureau HEPD Hubei Environmental Protection Department HESB Huanggang Environmental Sanitation Bureau Hg Mercury HLB Huanggang Landscaping Bureau HLR Hydraulic loading rate HMG -
Water Quality Management and Control of Water Polution
ISSN Water Reports 21 1020-1203 In its recent examination of global water scarcity (1997) the United Nations system identified water quality as one of the key concerns in Asia in the next century. This concern is based on the fact that water quality degradation is so severe in many Asian countries that it is placing serious constraints on economic growth; it continues to be a serious problem for human health and it is causing widespread negative environmental effects. The problem of future management of water quality in Asia is a complex one, and requires re-examination of a number of key areas – including technical, institutional, legal and governance issues. Within this context, FAO organized a Regional Workshop on Water Quality Management and Control of Water Pollution which took place in Bangkok, Thailand from 26 to 30 October 1999. This publication contains the report and recommendations of the Workshop and the edited versions of 18 papers presented and WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT discussed during the meeting. AND CONTROL OF WATER POLUTION ISBN 92-5-104503-8 ISSN 1020-1203 978 9 2 5 1 0 4 5 0 3 9 TC/M/X8490E/1/12.00/1100 ISSN 1020-1203 Water Reports 21 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF WATER POLUTION Proceedings of a Regional Workshop Bangkok, Thailand 26-30 October 1999 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2000 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Water Quality of the Mun River in Thailand—Spatiotemporal Variations and Potential Causes
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Water Quality of the Mun River in Thailand—Spatiotemporal Variations and Potential Causes Haoyu Tian 1, Guo-An Yu 2,* , Ling Tong 1, Renzhi Li 2, He Qing Huang 2 , Arika Bridhikitti 3 and Thayukorn Prabamroong 4 1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] (H.T.); [email protected] (L.T.) 2 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (R.L.); [email protected] (H.Q.H.) 3 Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-6488-0272 Received: 14 September 2019; Accepted: 12 October 2019; Published: 15 October 2019 Abstract: The water quality of the Mun River, one of the largest tributaries of the Mekong River and an important agricultural area in Thailand, is investigated to determine its status, identify spatiotemporal variations and distinguish the potential causes. Water quality dataset based on monitoring in the last two decades (1997–2017) from 21 monitoring sites distributed across the basin were analyzed using seasonal Kendall test and water quality index (WQI) method. The Kendall test shows significant declines in fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) and ammonia (NH3) in the upper reaches and increases in nitrate (NO3) and NH3 in the lower reaches.