33Kv Rebuild Grudie Bridge to Kinlochewe, Highland
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Scotia Archaeology REPORT TO SCOTTISH & SOUTHERN ENERGY 33KV REBUILD GRUDIE BRIDGE TO KINLOCHEWE, HIGHLAND Desk study and walk-over survey November 2014 to April 2015 Lismore Dollerie Terrace Crieff Perthshire Tel: 01764-652638 email: [email protected] Scotia Archaeology 2 INTRODUCTION This report describes the results of a desk study and walk-over survey of archaeological sites and monuments along the route of a proposed 33kv power line between Grudie Bridge, at the head of Loch Luichart, and Taagan, at the head of Loch Maree, 2km north-west of Kinlochewe. It extends from approximately NH 3095 6237 westwards to approximately NH 0125 6401, an overall distance of some 17km. The new line will take power generated from a large number of proposed hydro-electric stations in Wester Ross. It will run roughly parallel with an existing overhead line which distributes power to dwellings and businesses in the area but was never intended to support the new load that is to be generated. Hence there is a requirement to establish a separate, dedicated power line to cope with the new load. Some sections of the new line will be carried overhead while others will be underground. From a power station at Grudie Bridge the route will be underground, running westwards on the north side of Loch a' Chuilinn and along Strath Bran as far as a point just outside Achnasheen, at approximately NH 1576 5861. From there it will continue as an overhead line along the shore of Loch a' Chroisg to the head of Glen Docherty, at approximately NH 0779 5849. From that point the line will revert to an underground cable, running north-westwards along Glen Docherty as far as NH 0456 6177. The remainder of the route, around the north side of Kinlochewe, will again be overhead as far as Taagan. The new line is intended to be built in late 2015. As a consequence, Scottish & Southern Energy plc (SSE) commissioned a desk study of the route in order to identify any sites of archaeological or historical significance that might lie on or near it and which might be threatened by this development. A walk-over survey was conducted along the same route thereafter. Both surveys were undertaken by John Lewis of Scotia Archaeology at the request of Max Bigham, wayleave manager at SSE. SITES IDENTIFIED BY THE DESK STUDY The sources consulted for this work included: the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS); the Sites and Monuments Record maintained by the Highland Council’s Historical Environment Record (HER); early editions of Ordnance Survey (OS) maps; and Archaeology Scotland’s annual journal Discovery & Excavation in Scotland. Sites and monuments are listed according to the numbers allocated by RCAHMS (eg NH26SE 6) or, if unlisted by RCAHMS, by HER (eg MHG32856). No sites or monuments protected under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act of 1979 (Scheduled Monuments) were identified during these surveys. SSE Grudie to Kinlochewe: desk study and walk-over survey 15.04.2015 Scotia Archaeology 3 SSE supplied eleven maps showing the proposed route of the power line coloured blue on the maps appearing at the end of this report. Sites and monuments identified by the desk study are shown as green dots while those encountered during the field survey but which do not appear in any sites and monuments records are represented by red dots. Where maps overlap, sites are shown on both maps although reference is made in this report only to the easternmost of those maps. The sites and monuments listed in this document do not include obvious standing structures that would automatically be avoided during construction work. This also applies to cemeteries that are still in use or whose boundary walls are clearly upstanding. Examples of the latter can be found at Achanalt, some 6km west of Grudie, where two cemeteries NH26SE 19 (MHG50756) and MHG31520/MHG31521 are both surrounded by substantial walls and may still be in use. The survey ran through a landscape comprising mostly moorland and rough grazing with stretches of commercial forestry, some recently felled. Near Kinlochewe the route crossed some improved pasture. MAP 1 1 NH26SE 6 Enclosure An enclosure is depicted at NH 292 618 on the first edition OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire and Cromartyshire 1881, sheet lxxiii) and on the 1971 edition of the OS 1:10000 map. Site 1 is sufficiently far from the proposed new cable route to be unaffected by the development. 2 NH26SE 7 Enclosure An enclosure is depicted on the first edition OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire and Cromartyshire 1881, sheet lxxiii) at NH 282 619 but is not shown on the 1971 edition OS 1:10000 map. Site 2 is sufficiently far from the proposed new cable route to be unaffected by the development. MAP 2 3 NH26SE 8 Township The first edition OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire and Cromartyshire 1881, sheet lxxiii) shows two roofed and one unroofed buildings and two enclosures at NH 254 616. The 1971 OS 1:10000 map shows two roofed buildings and an enclosure at this location. No pre-modern structures or features are visible at this location. SSE Grudie to Kinlochewe: desk study and walk-over survey 15.04.2015 Scotia Archaeology 4 MAP 3 4 NH26SW 2 Knockban township and field system (Photo 1) A township comprising three roofed, one partially roofed and one unroofed buildings, together with a fank and a field-system, is depicted at NH 222 609 on the first edition OS 6- inch map (Ross-shire and Cromartyshire 1881, sheet lxxiii). The second edition shows two buildings, one of them a school, at NH 22240 60884. One roofed building with an attached enclosure and two other enclosures are shown on the 1971 edition of the OS 1:10000 map. Nothing of antiquity is now visible at this location other than a sheep fank centred on NH 22229 60859. MAP 4 5 NH26SE 1, 2, 3, 4, 16 Finds spots The rather vague grid reference of NH 20 60 has been given for the retrieval of various finds, including four bronze axe heads, animal remains and some bog butter. No structures or features of archaeological significance are visible around this area. MAP 5 6 NH51NE 1 Cist; beaker A short cist containing a beaker burial was found in 1959 during road straightening through a natural, morainic hillock at NH 1738 5883. Only one piece of charcoal was found with the beaker which is now housed in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. No structures or features of archaeological significance are visible around this area. MAP 6 7 NH15NW 6 Field system A field-system, centred on NH 1445 5860, is depicted on the first edition OS 6-inch map (Ross-shire & Cromartyshire 1881, sheet lxxxiv) but is not shown on the 1971 edition OS 1:10000 map. Site 7 is sufficiently far from the proposed new cable route to be unaffected by the development. 8 NH15NW 2 Iron slag Quantities of iron slag, probably from a bloomery, were recorded in 1886 as being found near the roadside at NH 145 585, below the ‘new’ Loch Rosque lodge (Dixon 1886). SSE Grudie to Kinlochewe: desk study and walk-over survey 15.04.2015 Scotia Archaeology 5 Test pitting across the suspected site in 2002 revealed no trace of a bloomery. Site 8 is sufficiently far from the proposed new cable route to be unaffected by the development. 9 NH15NW 9 Structure; enclosure; quarry; clearance cairns Enclosure banks, quarry pits and a wall associated with a medieval or later structure were recorded around NH 139 586 in 2002. Trenching revealed details of the construction of some of these features but no indication of the date or chronology of the settlement as a whole was forthcoming. Map evidence suggests that the building was occupied into the late 18th/early 19th century. Three small clearance cairns were excavated but revealed no evidence of formal structure or date. Site 9 is sufficiently far from the proposed new cable route to be unaffected by the development. MAP 7 10 NH15NW 1 Standing stone At NH 1021 5862 is a square, dressed stone some 0.7m high and 0.3m square. It is known locally as Clach an 't Shagart, or ‘the stone of the priest’. Site 10 is sufficiently far from the new cable route to be unaffected by the development. 11 MHG32856 Buildings A survey carried out in advance of the widening of the A832 road identified two buildings, one either side of the old road, at NH 0966 5849. The building to the north of the road was destroyed during the construction of the new road. No trace of any pre-modern structures is now visible at this location. MAP 8 12 NH05NE 1 Iron-working site (Photo 2) A large quantity of heavy black slag was discovered by Dixon (1886) at NH 069 590, in scattered heaps to the south of the road. Dixon states that there was no sign of a furnace although Macadam (1887, 102) mentions a stone building with slag on its walls. A field assessment undertaken in 2004, prior to the upgrading of the A832, identified a bloomery. It occupied a terrace above the confluence of the Glen Docherty Burn and one of its tributaries. Features identified included a partly disturbed bloomery mound, 10m long and at least 5m wide, and slag and other burnt materials to its south-east. There was no evidence of a furnace or hearth or any other associated structures. The remains of this site lie at the edge of the burn, probably well below the level at which the cable will be laid.