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Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group International Symposium

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Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group International Symposium PROCEEDINGS OF, THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICAN RABIES GROUP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM PIETERMARITZBURG, SOUTH AFRICA 29-30 APRIL 1993 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICAN RABIES GROUP INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM PIETERMARITZBURG, SOUTH AFRICA 29-30 APRIL 1993 PUBLISHED BY S.E.A.R.G. EDITED BY GEORGE C. BISHOP S.E.A.R.G. ALLERTON REGIONAL VETERINARY LABORATORY P/BAG X2 CASCADES SOUTH AFRICA 3202 - 3 - - 4 - CONTENTS FOREWORD.........................................................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................................7 PROGRAMME .....................................................................................................................................9 OPENING ADDRESS.........................................................................................................................11 RABIES : THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE KEY NOTE ADDRESS..............................................14 RABIES : THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION..........................................................................16 RABIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA...................................................................................................20 CANINE RABIES ...............................................................................................................................21 A PAEDIATRICIAN'S PERSPECTIVE OF RABIES....................................................................25 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN NATAL/KWAZULU ....................................................................27 DOG ECOLOGY IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA : IMPLICATIONS FOR RABIES CONTROL ..............................................................................................................31 RABIES CONTROL - VARYING STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES ..........40 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RABIES DIAGNOSIS IN A BUSY PRIVATE PRACTICE...............................................................................................................................47 RABIES IN KENYA ...........................................................................................................................50 THE CONTROL OF RABIES IN SOUTH AFRICA ......................................................................59 RABIES CONTROL IN NATAL ......................................................................................................64 RABIES CONTROL IN KWAZULU ...............................................................................................72 RABIES CONTROL IN TRANSKEI SOUTH AFRICA ................................................................81 ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN LYSSAVIRUSES ...........................................................................92 RABIES ERADICATION IN BELGIUM BY FOX VACCINATION USING VACCINIA- RABIES RECOMBINANT VIRUS........................................................................................95 ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND TYPING OF RABIES VIRUS *.................101 THE RABIES RESEARCH PROGRAMME AT THE ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INSTITUTE (O.V.I.)..................................................................................109 SAFETY AND QUALITY CONTROL OF RABIES DIAGNOSIS .............................................111 BRAIN REMOVAL, SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT ....................................115 ELISA SYSTEMS FOR RABIES ANTIGEN DETECTION........................................................125 ELISA SYSTEMS FOR RABIES ANTIBODY DETECTION.....................................................128 LIST OF DELEGATES....................................................................................................................130 - 5 - FOREWORD During the Rabies Conference held in Lusaka in June 1992, the Southern African Rabies Group was formed. It was decided at that meeting to hold the following conference in South Africa a year later. A committee comprising Mr G.C. Bishop, Dr G.R. Thomson and Dr G.K. Brückner set up a series of three separate but related meetings which were held in Pietermaritzburg and Pretoria. The Training Course (26-28 April, 1993) and Symposium (28-29 April) were held in Pietermaritzburg and these proceedings deal with those two events. Most of the 40 papers presented at the Research Workshop (3-5 May) held at Onderstepoort (Preto- ria) are soon to be published in a special edition of the Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research. Despite the logistical difficulties experienced in splitting these events between two cities some 600 km apart, the result was successful. The Training Session was attended by 25 delegates from 14 coun- tries and the Symposium by 188 scientists. All of our training delegates and many other overseas visitors were housed at the Midmar Resort situated on the outskirts of Pietermaritzburg. The gather- ings took place in a spirit of great conviviality and many friendships were made and cemented. The enthusiasm of our international rabies experts was truly infectious. In this regard, the efforts of our "Three (Training) Musketeers", Jacques Barrat, Arthur King and Alex Wandeler must be mentioned. They cheerfully and willingly undertook a very heavy training load and worked extremely long hours to produce an outstanding course. The generous and indispensable financial and administrative contributions of our various sponsors (listed below) are gratefully acknowledged. The speakers who delivered papers at the Symposium covered the field of rabies comprehensively. Certain countries who did not present reports at the Lusaka Conference were invited to do so on this occasion. These Proceedings have not been edited to a strict format and the papers submitted for this publica- tion have not been altered significantly. Some of the information which was distributed during the Training Session is also included. We thank the various speakers for their presentations and for their permission to publish these contri- butions in a rather "loose" format During a business meeting of SARG, several resolutions were agreed on : 1. It was decided to change the name SARG to SEARG (Southern and Eastern African Rabies Group) as this describes more accurately the membership of our Group. 2. Dr Paula Dias was elected to succeed Dr Peter Sinyangwe as Chairperson and Mr George Bishop was re-elected as Secretary. 3. The control of rabies and epidemiological surveillance were identified as thrust areas for tech- nical training and discussion at the next meeting to be held in Mozambique in two years time ~this venue has subsequently been changed to Harare. 4. The sociological basis for the unwillingness of people to have their dogs vaccinated should be actively researched. 5. A six-monthly Newsletter will be produced by Mr George Bishop 6. Dr Arthur King will serve as "roving technical expert" (finances permitting). 7. Drs Arthur King, Jacques Barrat and Alex Wandeler will produce a laboratory manual which will detail the basic recommended procedures to be followed in rabies diagnostics. - 6 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The generous and indispensable contributions of the following made the Symposium and training ses- sion possible and we express our sincere thanks and appreciation to : RHONE POULENC LTD, SOUTH AFRICA FOUNDATION FOR RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT, SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOUTH AFRICA VIRBAC SA, FRANCE ONDERSTEPOORT VETERINARY INSTITUTE, SOUTH AFRICA (AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL) POLIOMYELITIS RESEARCH FOUNDATION, SOUTH AFRICA PITMAN-MOORE LTD, UNITED KINGDOM SARCCUS (SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL COMMISSION) O.I.E. (OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES) RHONE MERIEUX, FRANCE DEPT MICROBIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIMAL HEALTH, SOUTH AFRICA A-BSA BANK, SOUTH AFRICA NATAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES, SOUTH AFRICA LOGOS AGVET (PTY) LTD, SOUTH AFRICA HOECHST, AG-VET, SOUTH AFRICA SOLVAY ANIMAL HEALTH (PTY) LTD, SOUTH AFRICA - 7 - - 8 - PROGRAMME Thursday 29 APRIL 1993 0730-0830 REGISTRATION FIRST SESSION CHAIRMAN : DR P. BOSMAN (S.A.) 0830-0850 OFFICIAL OPENING : DR A.I. VAN RIEKERK, MINISTER AGRICULTURE, S.A. 0850-0915 THE HUMAN PERSPECTIVE : DR B. NGUBANE, MINISTER OF HEALTH, KWAZULU, S.A. 0915-0945 RABIES : THE INTERNATIONAL : DR A. WANDELER (CANADA) 0945-1015 RABIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA : PROF. R. SWANEPOEL (S.A.) 1015-1045 TEA SECOND SESSION CHAIRMAN : MR G. BISHOP (S.A.) 1045-1115 CANINE RABIES : DR A. WANDELER (CANADA) 1115-1145 HUMAN RABIES-CASE STUDIES IN CHILDREN : DR J. GODLONTON (S.A.) 1145-1215 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE NATAL REGION : MS D. KRIGE (S.A.) 1215-1345 LUNCH THIRD SESSIONCHAIRMAN : DR G. BRdCKNER (S.A.) 1345-1405 ECOLOGY OF DOGS IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RABIES CONTROL : DR B. PERRY (KENYA) 1405-1425 VARYING CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES : DR M. BACHMANN (S.A) 1425-1445 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH RABIES DIAGNOSIS IN A BUSY PRIVATE PRACTICE : DR P. KRETZMANN (S.A.) 1445-1505 CANINE RABIES IN KENYA : DR W.K CHONG' (KENYA) 1505-1525 RABIES CONTROL: GENERAL ASPECTS : DR C. SCHUMACHER (FRANCE) 1525-1555 TEA FOURTH SESSION CHAIRMAN : DR B. PERRY (KENYA) 1555-1615 RABIES CONTROL IN SOUTH AFRICA : DR G. BRÜCKNER (S.A.) 1615-1635 RABIES CONTROL IN NATAL : DR P. KLOECK (S.A.) 1635-1655 RABIES CONTROL IN KWAZULU : DR B. McCULLOUGH (S.A.) 1655-1715 RABIES CONTROL IN TRANSKEI : DR L. AMORAL (TRANSKEI) FRIDAY 30 APRIL 1993 FIRST SESSION CHAIRMAN : DR A. WANDELER (CANADA) 0830-0900 VIDEO ON
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