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Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1159–1340 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Associate Editors Carolyn Bridges, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effler, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA K. Mills McNeill, Kampala, Uganda David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David L. Heymann, Geneva, Switzerland Jocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Daniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA Bruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Myron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Founding Editor Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Copy Editors Ban Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Nancy Mannikko, Beverly Merritt, Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Rhonda Ray, Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Production Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Carrie Huntington, Ann Jordan, Carole Liston, Shannon O’Connor, P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Reginald Tucker Stephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Editorial Assistant Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Susanne Justice Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina www.cdc.gov/eid Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Leslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessar- Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ily reflect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, how- Robert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South Africa ever, is required. Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Services. John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements of Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2009 August 2009 On the Cover Research Torii Kiyomasu I Molecular Epidemiology of (active 1696–1722) Rabies in Southern China ................................1192 Kintoki Wrestling with a Black Bear (c. 1700) (detail) Color woodblock print (55.2 cm × 32.1 cm) X.-Y. Tao et al. Courtesy of the Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii, Migration and transport of dogs may have caused recent epidemics of human rabies. USA. Gift of James A. Michener, 1975 (16,576) Serologic Evidence of Frequent Human Infection with WU and KI Polyomaviruses .....1199 N.L. Nguyen et al. About the Cover p. 1336 WU and KI polyomavirus infections are widespread. Bordetella pertussis Strains with Increased Toxin Production and Pertussis Resurgence ..................................... 1206 F.R. Mooi et al. A more virulent form of this disease is emerging. Perspective Porcine Prion Protein Susceptible to Reemerging Rabies and Lack Sheep Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy of Systemic Surveillance, China .....................1159 and Atypical Scrapie ....................................... 1214 X. Wu et al. J.-C. Espinosa et al. Standardized protocols and diagnostic-based surveillance Atypical scrapie strain phenotypes may shift when are imperative for detection and elimination. transmitted to a new host. Use of Revised International Health Slave Trade and Hepatitis B Virus Regulations during Influenza A (H1N1) Genotypes and Subgenotypes in Haiti Epidemic, 2009..................................................1165 and Africa ......................................................... 1222 R. Katz I.E. Andernach et al. All nations should implement these regulations and p. 1201 The spread of genotype E in Africa occurred after the end of cooperate in disease surveillance and data sharing. the transatlantic slave trade. Imported Case of Marburg Recurrent Zoonotic Transmission Hemorrhagic Fever, the Netherlands ..............1171 of Nipah Virus into Humans, A. Timen et al. Bangladesh, 2001–2007 .................................. 1229 Adventure tourism may bring this disease to Western S.P. Luby et al. countries. More than half of identified cases result from person-to- person transmission. p. 1302 Synopsis CME ACTIVITY Tactics and Economics of Wildlife National Outbreak of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Oral Rabies Vaccination, Canada and Associated with Use of a Contact Lens the United States ..............................................1176 Solution, United States ................................... 1236 R.T. Sterner et al. J.R. Verani et al. Existing programs yield cost savings and public health Premarket standardized testing for Acanthamoeba spp. is benefits. warranted. Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Entomologic and Virologic Pacific Northwest Region of the Investigation of Chikungunya, United States.....................................................1185 Singapore ......................................................... 1243 K. Datta et al. L.-C. Ng et al. This organism should be recognized as an emerging Longitudinal analyses may help in design and pathogen in the United States. implementation of control strategies. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2009 Reproducibility of Serologic Assays for Influenza Virus A (H5N1) ........................... 1250 I. Stephenson et al. August 2009 Results for clade 1 viruses were more consistent among laboratories when a standard antibody was used. 1311 Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N1), Detected Through Routine Surveillance, in Child, Increase in Pneumococcus Bangladesh Macrolide Resistance, United States ............. 1260 W.A. Brooks et al. S.G. Jenkins and D.J. Farrell During year 6 of the study, the incidence rate increased from ≈30% to 35.3%. Letters 1314 Pigs as Source for Toxigenic Dengue-1 Virus and Dengue Corynebacterium ulcerans Hemorrhagic Fever, French 1315 Campylobacter jejuni HS:23 and Guillain- Polynesia, 2001 ................................................ 1265 Barré Syndrome, Bangladesh B. Hubert and S.B. Halstead Severe disease was more likely after infection with DENV-2 1317 Enzootic Sparganosis in Guangdong, followed by DENV-1. China 1318 Human Rhinovirus Group C in Policy Review Hospitalized Children, Singapore 1320 Nondominant Hemisphere Encephalitis Strategy to Enhance Influenza p. 1309 Surveillance Worldwide .................................. 1271 and Signs of Viral Meningitis J.R. Ortiz et al. 1321 Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis in Traveler Sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection Returning from Honduras and influenza-like illness is effective in resource-limited settings. 1323 KI and WU Polyomaviruses in Patients Infected with HIV-1, Italy 1325 Extreme Drug Resistance in Dispatches Acinetobacter baumannii in Intensive 1279 Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease Care Units, South Korea in the Elderly, Minnesota, 2003–2007 1327 More Diseases Tracked by Using Google N.J. Kothari et al. Trends 1282 Epidemiologic Study of Vibrio vulnificus