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Semi-Dwarf Cereal Mutants and Their Use in Cross-Dreeding Iii

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Semi-Dwarf Cereal Mutants and Their Use in Cross-Dreeding Iii IAEA-TECDOC-455 SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS AND THEIR USE IN CROSS-DREEDING III PROCEEDINGS OF THE FINAL RESEARCH CO-ORDINATION MEETING ON EVALUATION OF SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS FOR CROSS-BREEDING ORGANIZEE TH Y DB JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS ATOMIF O C ENERG FOOR AGRICULTURAD YFO D AN L DEVELOPMENT AND HELD IN ROME, 16-20 DECEMBER 1985 A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1988 SEMI-DWARF CEREAL MUTANTS AND THEIR USE IN CROSS-BREEDING IAEA, VIENNA, 1988 IAEA-TECDOC-455 Printe IAEe th Austrin Ai y d b a March 1988 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT MISSINE TH AL F LO G PAGE THIN SI S DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from IN IS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. FOREWORD A Co-ordinated Research Programme on the "Evaluation of semi-dwarf mutants as cross-breeding material in cereals" was initiated in 1980, with the main objective to provide cereal breeders with new, alternative sources of genes for semi-dwarf, lodging resistant plant types. In the early 50's it became obvious that lodging, cause y longb d , weak stra d leadinan w o t g w responslo a o nitroget e n fertiHzation e maith n s reasowa , n which limited the yield potential of cereals, particularly in good agro-ecological conditions. This proble s increaseha m d drastically with the use of higher doses of fertilizer. Introduction of genes responsible for short stature plant type from certain local forms to wheat and rice cultivars solved the problem and led to better utilization of water and nitrogen input y transferrinB . g such genes new, intensive cultivars were developed - which initiated the agro-economical changes now described as the "Green Revolution". Unfortunately w , somfe onl ia dwarfiny g gene sources, usefu r crosfo l s breeding, were foun n germplasi d m collections around the world. The very narrow genetic variation for this character has generated a risk of genetic vulnerability towards pests, disease d othean s r e hazardsotheth rn O hand. , short stature forms of cereals are frequently selected after mutagenic treatmen f radiatioo e us tr chemica o e witn th h l mutagensA . number of modern semi-dwarf cereal varieties, directly developed from selected mutants, were released in various countries, but a long list of other short stature mutants induced in different laboratories needed evaluation for use in cross breeding. It was the ultimate aim to identify and make available new sources of semi-dwarf plant types and in this way open possibilities for varietal improvement beyond the limits set by the presently used gene sources and by the same means reduce the genetic vulnerability. The present publication includes papers presented at the the final Research Co-ordination Meeting. Papers presented by participant e Co-ordinateth n i s d Research Programme (see "Project Reports") demonstrate that these objectives were successfully n achieveda additiona s A . l resul f o thit s programme more improved genotype f o cereals s with other desirable characters as earliness, better harvest index and improved plant architecture have become available for practical breeding. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this materialpressthe International the fut staff o] Atomic Lnergi \t><.nc"i have mounted paginatedand onginalthe manuscripts submittedas author gmn the b\ and some attention ptesentationthe to e\pressedS Thpapers,e WH eth statementse n i th generale th made d an st}le adoptedt a/ the responsibiht\ of the named authors The views do not necessanl\ reflect those of the go\ein- mentsoftheMembLi States organizationsor undei wl\ose auspices manuscriptsthe \\-ete pioduud thisin The bookuse of panicular designations countnesoj nonesten or does unpl\not an\ judgement b\ the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countnes or terntonts of their authonties institutions and delimitation the of 01 theirof boundaries The mention specificof companies thenof or products brandor names does unpl\not am endorsement recommendation01 IAEA partthe the of on Authois are themselves responsible foi obtaining the necessar\ peimission to reproduce cop\ right material from other sources CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY PAPERS 9 Biotechnolog d mutatioan y n breeding P S Baenziger Activit Institute th f o y f Experimentao e l Researc5 1 r Cereahfo l Crops, Rome A Bianchi Gene manipulation by mutation techniques 19 M Malusz\nski, B Sigurbjornsson, A Micke PROJECT REPORTS Examination of dwarf wheats produced by mutation, crossing and physiological procedures 33 Z Barabas, Z Kertesz Evaluatio f semi-dwaro n 3 4 f mutant tnticaln i s d wheaan e t breeding CJ Driscoll Evaluatio f mutanno t stock r semi-dwarfo s f plant typ s materiaa e r crosfo l s breeding 9 4 in durum wheat K A File\ The exploitation of the Tom Thumb dwarfing gene, RhT^ in F, hybrid wheats 57 MGale,D Salter,AM Curtis,FC AngusWJ Comparison of two semi dwarfing genes on yield performance of durum wheat lines 69 B Giorgi Genetic analysis, genetic improvemen d evaluatioan t f induceno d semi-dwarf mutants in wheat 77 C F Konzak Barley mutants in relation to culm length 95 U Lundq\ ist Agronomic and genetic evaluation of induced mutants of White Luchai-112 103 P Narahan Evaluation, inheritance d gibberellian , n respons f induceo e d semi dwarf5 mutant12 f rico s e J N Rutger, T R Anderson Mutation breeding for semi dwarfism in barley 135 S E Ullrich, A A\dm Selectio f colo n d tolerant mutant line naken i s d barle5 14 > (Hordeitm \ulgate ) L L JWon, H Chung G Genetic analysis of induced semi-dwarf mutants in rice 149 H Yamagata, T Tamsaka, M Tomita K Shiraishi INVITED PAPERS Transfe f alieo r n genes into cultivated whea tnticald an t f o e e genotypeus e th y b s 5 16 homoeologous pairing mutants C Ceolom Effec f gammo t a radiatio7 17 n immaturo n e wheat embryo culture Mmguei Gao, Zhugmg Liang, Ziongymg Chen In vitro culture in barley breeding 183 K N Kao Semi-dwarf mutants and heterosis in barley I The use of barley sd-mutants for 3 19 hybrid breeding M Malusz\nski I Szarejko, R Madajeuski, A Fugle\\icz, KucharskaM Biochemica7 20 l aspect f cold heao s an dt shock respons barlen i e y N Marmiroli Komjanc,M C Lorenzom, M Odoardi, V Terzi, StancaM A Physiological test r drough1 fo s 21 t toleranc barlen i e d duruan y m wheat P Martiniellü G Boggim Comparative anal}si e morphologicath t a s l biochemica genetid an l c leve develoo t l p a strategy for stud>mg biological similarities in Triticinae 219 L Montebo\e Pacede C Agronomic evaluation of induced semi dwarf mutants in durum and common wheat 231 C Mosconi B Giorgi Semi-dwarf mutants and heterosis in barley II Interaction between several mutant genes responsible for dwarfism in barley 241 / Szarejko M Malusz\n<>ki, M Nanrot, B Skaumska-Zydron mutane dwarfin1 r> e EffecEM tth f o gt gen octon o ed hexaploi an - d tnticale 7 24 Preliminary report T Wolski E T\mieniecka Winter tnticale breeding in Poland 251 T Wolski List of Participants 255 INTRODUCTORY PAPERS BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MUTATION BREEDING P S BAENZIGER Monsanto Agricultural Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America Abstract Mutation breeding has been successful. New biotechnological techniques such as in vitro mutagenesis, in vitro selection, and haploidy may assist in, or improve mutation breeding where applicable vitrn I_ .o mutagenesis will increase the specificity of the mutation process, ^tn vitro selection and haploidy will improve mutation identificatio d selectioan n n capabilities. These techniques, their uses, and their limitations are discussed. Mutation breeding has been unattractive to many plant breeders becaus e techniquee th man f o v r inducinfo s d an g selecting useful mutations involve random mutationr fo s qualitative traits coupled with large screens of the mutated plants and/or their progeny. Most breeders prefe o wort r k with predictable variation by hybridizing parents with known genetic qualities. Mutation breeding has been suggested where there is little known variation for a trait of interest or where an otherwise excellent cultivar is missing a single trait that may be introduce y mutation b de latte th n I r . case, mutation breeding replaces backcrossing. The promise and successes of mutation breedin n seed-propagatei g d crops have been recently reviewey b d Konzak, et al (1984). Mutation breeding has provided both novel gene d allelean s s with previously known phenotypes betten i t r,bu adapted backgrounds. The impact of biotechnology on mutation breeding will be significan biotechnologf i t n alleviatca y e th som f o e constraints and limitations of mutation breeding. Three areas where biotechnology may improve mutation breeding are: (1) in vitro mutagenesis; (2) 111 vitro selection; and (3) the use of e identificatioth n i haploid d ai o mutationsf t yo n . The methods and applications of iji vitro mutagenesis, for this paper narrowly define mutations a d A outsidDN a celf o sf lo e or organism, have recently been comprehensively reviewed by Botstei d Shortlnan e (1985) n thiI .s technique a ,gen clones i e d and the s mutatei n d (usuall a smal n o yl cloning vecton i r Escherichia coli) either by restructuring segments of DNA, localized random mutagenesis r oligonucleotide-directe,o d mutagensis.
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