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Predation by Gray Catbird on Brown Thrasher Eggs
March 2004 Notes 101 PREDATION BY GRAY CATBIRD ON BROWN THRASHER EGGS JAMES W. RIVERS* AND BRETT K. SANDERCOCK Kansas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 (JWR) Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 (BKS) Present address of JWR: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 *Correspondent: [email protected] ABSTRACT The gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) has been documented visiting and breaking the eggs of arti®cial nests, but the implications of such observations are unclear because there is little cost in depredating an undefended nest. During the summer of 2001 at Konza Prairie Bio- logical Station, Kansas, we videotaped a gray catbird that broke and consumed at least 1 egg in a brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum) nest. Our observation was consistent with egg predation because the catbird consumed the contents of the damaged egg after breaking it. The large difference in body mass suggests that a catbird (37 g) destroying eggs in a thrasher (69 g) nest might risk injury if caught in the act of predation and might explain why egg predation by catbirds has been poorly documented. Our observation indicated that the catbird should be considered as an egg predator of natural nests and that single-egg predation of songbird nests should not be attributed to egg removal by female brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) without additional evidence. RESUMEN El paÂjaro gato gris (Dumetella carolinensis) ha sido documentado visitando y rompien- do los huevos de nidos arti®ciales, pero las implicaciones de dichas observaciones no son claras porque hay poco costo por depredar un nido sin defensa. -
© 2006 Abcteach.Com an Owl Is a Bird. There Are Two Basic Types of Owls: Typical Owls and Barn Owls. Owls Live in Almost Every
Reading Comprehension/ Animals Name _________________________________ Date ____________________ OWLS An owl is a bird. There are two basic types of owls: typical owls and barn owls. Owls live in almost every country of the world. Owls are mostly nocturnal, meaning they are awake at night. Owls are predators- they hunt the food that they eat. Owls hunt for mice and other small mammals, insects, and even fish. Owls are well adapted for hunting. Their soft, fluffy feathers make their flight nearly silent. They have very good hearing, which helps them to hunt well in the darkness. The sharp hooked beaks and claws of the owl make it very easy to tear apart prey quickly, although owls also eat some prey whole. Owl eyes are unusual. Like most predators, both of the owl’s eyes face front. The owl cannot move its eyes. Owls are far-sighted, which means they can see very well far away… but they can’t see up close very well at all. Fortunately, their distant vision is what they use for hunting, and they can see far away even in low light. Owls have facial disks around their eyes, tufts of feathers in a circle around each eye. These facial disks are thought to help with the owl’s hearing. Owls can turn their heads 180 degrees. This makes it look like they might be able to turn their heads all the way around, but 180 degrees is all the owl needs to see what’s going on all around him. Perhaps because of the owl’s mysterious appearance, especially its round eyes and flexible neck, there are a lot of myths and superstitions about owls. -
111 Historical Notes on Whooping Cranes at White
HISTORICAL NOTES ON WHOOPING CRANES AT WHITE LAKE, LOUISIANA: THE JOHN J. LYNCH INTERVIEWS, 1947-1948 GAY M. GOMEZ, Department of Social Sciences, McNeese State University, Box 92335, Lake Charles, LA 70609, USA RODERICK C. DREWIEN, Hornocker Wildlife Institute, University of Idaho, 3346 E 200 N, Rigby, ID 83442, USA MARY LYNCH COURVILLE, John J. Lynch American Natural Heritage Park, 1393 Henderson Highway, Breaux Bridge, LA 70517, USA Abstract: In May 1939 biologist John J. Lynch of the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey conducted an aerial survey that documented the existence of a non-migratory population of whooping cranes (Grus americana) near White Lake in southwest Louisiana. Lynch found 13 cranes, including 2 pre-fledged young, confirming breeding. Lynch’s survey occurred, in part, because fur trappers and alligator hunters working in the White Lake marshes had informed the biologist of the cranes’ presence and habits. Lynch con- tinued his contacts with these knowledgeable marsh users, and in 1947 and 1948 interviewed at least 7 individuals. In 2001, M. L. Courville, along with her sister Nora Z. Lynch, discovered the interview notes among their father’s papers. The notes contain information on the Louisiana non-migratory population’s range, abundance, habitat use, feeding behavior, nesting, and young, including survival of twins; they also include a small amount of information on sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and migratory whooping cranes. Both Lynch and Robert P. Allen relied heavily on this “traditional ecological knowledge” in their accounts of non-migratory whooping cranes in southwest Louisiana. Because of their biological and historical significance, the interview notes are reproduced in this paper. -
Catbird, Gray
Mockingbirds and Thrashers — Family Mimidae 449 Mockingbirds and Thrashers — Family Mimidae Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Though the Gray Catbird breeds west almost to the coast of British Columbia, it is only a rare vagrant to California—the bulk of the population migrates east of the Rocky Mountains. But the species is on the increase: of 107 reports accepted by the California Bird Records Committee 1884–1999, one third were in just the last four years of this interval. Similarly, of the 20 records of the Gray Catbird in San Diego County, 10 have come since initiation of the field work for this atlas in 1997. Migration: Half of San Diego County’s known cat- Photo by Anthony Mercieca birds have been fall migrants, occurring as early as 24 September (1976, one at Point Loma, S7, K. van Vuren, Cabrillo National Monument, Point Loma 11–17 July 1988 Luther et al. 1979). Besides eight fall records from Point (B. and I. Mazin, Pyle and McCaskie 1992) certainly was. Loma, there is one from the Tijuana River valley 7–8 November 1964 (the only specimen, SDNHM 35095), Winter: Three wintering Gray Catbirds have been report- one from a boat 15 miles off Oceanside 26 October 1983 ed from San Diego County, from Balboa Park (R9) (M. W. Guest, Bevier 1990), and two from Paso Picacho 16 December 1972 (P. Unitt) and from Point Loma 7 Campground (M20) 29 October 1988 (D. W. Aguillard, November 1983–13 March 1984 (V. P. Johnson, Roberson Pyle and McCaskie 1992) and 17 November 2002 (T. 1986) and 31 October 1999–21 January 2000 (D. -
Masked Bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus Ridgwayi) 5-Year Review
Masked Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Photograph by Paul Zimmerman U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge Sasabe, AZ March 2014 5-YEAR REVIEW Masked Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Reviewers Lead Regional Office Southwest Region, Region 2, Albuquerque, NM Susan Jacobsen, Chief, Division of Classification and Restoration, 505-248-6641 Wendy Brown, Chief, Branch of Recovery and Restoration, 505-248-6664 Jennifer Smith-Castro, Recovery Biologist, 505-248-6663 Lead Field Office: Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR) Sally Gall, Refuge Manager, 520-823-4251 x 102 Juliette Fernandez, Assistant Refuge Manager, 520-823-4251 x 103 Dan Cohan, Wildlife Biologist, 520-823-4351 x 105 Mary Hunnicutt, Wildlife Biologist, 520-823-4251 Cooperating Field Office(s): Arizona Ecological Services Tucson Field Office Jean Calhoun, Assistant Field Supervisor, 520-670-6150 x 223 Mima Falk, Senior Listing Biologist, 520-670-6150 x 225 Scott Richardson, Supervisory Fish and Wildlife Biologist, 520-670-6150 x 242 Mark Crites, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, 520-670-6150 x 229 Arizona Ecological Services Field Office Steve Spangle, Field Supervisor, 602-242-0210 x 244 1.2 Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service or USFWS) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a status review of each listed species once every 5 years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed (or since the most recent 5-year review). -
Rivoli's Hummingbird: Eugenes Fulgens Donald R
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Faculty Publications - Department of Biology and Department of Biology and Chemistry Chemistry 6-27-2018 Rivoli's Hummingbird: Eugenes fulgens Donald R. Powers George Fox University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, and the Poultry or Avian Science Commons Recommended Citation Powers, Donald R., "Rivoli's Hummingbird: Eugenes fulgens" (2018). Faculty Publications - Department of Biology and Chemistry. 123. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/bio_fac/123 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology and Chemistry at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - Department of Biology and Chemistry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rivoli's Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens Order: CAPRIMULGIFORMES Family: TROCHILIDAE Version: 2.1 — Published June 27, 2018 Donald R. Powers Introduction Rivoli's Hummingbird was named in honor of the Duke of Rivoli when the species was described by René Lesson in 1829 (1). Even when it became known that William Swainson had written an earlier description of this species in 1827, the common name Rivoli's Hummingbird remained until the early 1980s, when it was changed to Magnificent Hummingbird. In 2017, however, the name was restored to Rivoli's Hummingbird when the American Ornithological Society officially recognized Eugenes fulgens as a distinct species from E. spectabilis, the Talamanca Hummingbird, of the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (2). See Systematics: Related Species. -
Belize), and Distribution in Yucatan
University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland Institut of Zoology Ecology of the Black Catbird, Melanoptila glabrirostris, at Shipstern Nature Reserve (Belize), and distribution in Yucatan. J.Laesser Annick Morgenthaler May 2003 Master thesis supervised by Prof. Claude Mermod and Dr. Louis-Félix Bersier CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Aim and description of the study 2. Geographic setting 2.1. Yucatan peninsula 2.2. Belize 2.3. Shipstern Nature Reserve 2.3.1. History and previous studies 2.3.2. Climate 2.3.3. Geology and soils 2.3.4. Vegetation 2.3.5. Fauna 3. The Black Catbird 3.1. Taxonomy 3.2. Description 3.3. Breeding 3.4. Ecology and biology 3.5. Distribution and threats 3.6. Current protection measures FIRST PART: BIOLOGY, HABITAT AND DENSITY AT SHIPSTERN 4. Materials and methods 4.1. Census 4.1.1. Territory mapping 4.1.2. Transect point-count 4.2. Sizing and ringing 4.3. Nest survey (from hide) 5. Results 5.1. Biology 5.1.1. Morphometry 5.1.2. Nesting 5.1.3. Diet 5.1.4. Competition and predation 5.2. Habitat use and population density 5.2.1. Population density 5.2.2. Habitat use 5.2.3. Banded individuals monitoring 5.2.4. Distribution through the Reserve 6. Discussion 6.1. Biology 6.2. Habitat use and population density SECOND PART: DISTRIBUTION AND HABITATS THROUGHOUT THE RANGE 7. Materials and methods 7.1. Data collection 7.2. Visit to others sites 8. Results 8.1. Data compilation 8.2. Visited places 8.2.1. Corozalito (south of Shipstern lagoon) 8.2.2. -
Wisconsin Bird Nesting Dates for Species Tracked by the Natural
Introduction to the “Wisconsin Bird Nesting Dates (Avoidance Period) for Species Tracked by the Natural Heritage Inventory” The table “Wisconsin Bird Nesting Dates (Avoidance Period) for Species Tracked by the Natural Heritage Inventory” below, provides guidance to DNR staff and external certified reviewers who use the NHI Portal for Endangered Resources reviews. This guidance was developed by a team of Natural Heritage Conservation program staff from DNR using the best available information for species on the Natural Heritage Working List. The Nesting Dates (Avoidance Period) table was developed to help customers comply with State and Federal laws and thus avoid “intentional taking, killing, or possession” of bird nests, eggs, and body parts. For each species, the avoidance dates are the period each year when birds are most vulnerable because there are eggs or flightless chicks in nests. Species tracked by the Natural Heritage Inventory include endangered, threatened and special concern species. Avoidance of these nesting dates is required for endangered and threatened species and recommended (voluntary) for special concern species. For more information on rare bird species, see the Rare Bird webpage. Revised 10/18/2019 https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/endangeredresources/documents/wisbirdnestingcalendar.pdf Wisconsin Bird Avoidance Dates for Species Tracked by the Natural Heritage Inventory Common Name Scientific Name Status Avoidance Dates Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens THR 25 May - 20 Aug American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus SC/M -
A Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Aquiline Eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) Reveals Extensive Paraphyly at the Genus Level
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com MOLECULAR SCIENCE•NCE /W\/Q^DIRI DIRECT® PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION ELSEVIER Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 147-164 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level Andreas J. Helbig'^*, Annett Kocum'^, Ingrid Seibold^, Michael J. Braun^ '^ Institute of Zoology, University of Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565 Kloster, Germany Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA Received 19 March 2004; revised 21 September 2004 Available online 24 December 2004 Abstract The phylogeny of the tribe Aquilini (eagles with fully feathered tarsi) was investigated using 4.2 kb of DNA sequence of one mito- chondrial (cyt b) and three nuclear loci (RAG-1 coding region, LDH intron 3, and adenylate-kinase intron 5). Phylogenetic signal was highly congruent and complementary between mtDNA and nuclear genes. In addition to single-nucleotide variation, shared deletions in nuclear introns supported one basal and two peripheral clades within the Aquilini. Monophyly of the Aquilini relative to other birds of prey was confirmed. However, all polytypic genera within the tribe, Spizaetus, Aquila, Hieraaetus, turned out to be non-monophyletic. Old World Spizaetus and Stephanoaetus together appear to be the sister group of the rest of the Aquilini. Spiza- stur melanoleucus and Oroaetus isidori axe nested among the New World Spizaetus species and should be merged with that genus. The Old World 'Spizaetus' species should be assigned to the genus Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836). The sister species of the two spotted eagles (Aquila clanga and Aquila pomarina) is the African Long-crested Eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis). -
A Classification of the Rallidae
A CLASSIFICATION OF THE RALLIDAE STARRY L. OLSON HE family Rallidae, containing over 150 living or recently extinct species T and having one of the widest distributions of any family of terrestrial vertebrates, has, in proportion to its size and interest, received less study than perhaps any other major group of birds. The only two attempts at a classifi- cation of all of the recent rallid genera are those of Sharpe (1894) and Peters (1934). Although each of these lists has some merit, neither is satisfactory in reflecting relationships between the genera and both often separate closely related groups. In the past, no attempt has been made to identify the more primitive members of the Rallidae or to illuminate evolutionary trends in the family. Lists almost invariably begin with the genus Rdus which is actually one of the most specialized genera of the family and does not represent an ancestral or primitive stock. One of the difficulties of rallid taxonomy arises from the relative homo- geneity of the family, rails for the most part being rather generalized birds with few groups having morphological modifications that clearly define them. As a consequence, particularly well-marked genera have been elevated to subfamily rank on the basis of characters that in more diverse families would not be considered as significant. Another weakness of former classifications of the family arose from what Mayr (194933) referred to as the “instability of the morphology of rails.” This “instability of morphology,” while seeming to belie what I have just said about homogeneity, refers only to the characteristics associated with flightlessness-a condition that appears with great regularity in island rails and which has evolved many times. -
Predator and Competitor Management Plan for Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge
Appendix J /USFWS Malcolm Grant 2011 Fencing exclosure to protect shorebirds from predators Predator and Competitor Management Plan for Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge Background and Introduction Background and Introduction Throughout North America, the presence of a single mammalian predator (e.g., coyote, skunk, and raccoon) or avian predator (e.g., great horned owl, black-crowned night-heron) at a nesting site can result in adult bird mortality, decrease or prevent reproductive success of nesting birds, or cause birds to abandon a nesting site entirely (Butchko and Small 1992, Kress and Hall 2004, Hall and Kress 2008, Nisbet and Welton 1984, USDA 2011). Depredation events and competition with other species for nesting space in one year can also limit the distribution and abundance of breeding birds in following years (USDA 2011, Nisbet 1975). Predator and competitor management on Monomoy refuge is essential to promoting and protecting rare and endangered beach nesting birds at this site, and has been incorporated into annual management plans for several decades. In 2000, the Service extended the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge Nesting Season Operating Procedure, Monitoring Protocols, and Competitor/Predator Management Plan, 1998-2000, which was expiring, with the intent to revise and update the plan as part of the CCP process. This appendix fulfills that intent. As presented in chapter 3, all proposed alternatives include an active and adaptive predator and competitor management program, but our preferred alternative is most inclusive and will provide the greatest level of protection and benefit for all species of conservation concern. The option to discontinue the management program was considered but eliminated due to the affirmative responsibility the Service has to protect federally listed threatened and endangered species and migratory birds. -
A Baraminological Analysis of the Land Fowl (Class Aves, Order Galliformes)
Galliform Baraminology 1 Running Head: GALLIFORM BARAMINOLOGY A Baraminological Analysis of the Land Fowl (Class Aves, Order Galliformes) Michelle McConnachie A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2007 Galliform Baraminology 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Timothy R. Brophy, Ph.D. Chairman of Thesis ______________________________ Marcus R. Ross, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Harvey D. Hartman, Th.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Judy R. Sandlin, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Program Director ______________________________ Date Galliform Baraminology 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, without Whom I would not have had the opportunity of being at this institution or producing this thesis. I would also like to thank my entire committee including Dr. Timothy Brophy, Dr. Marcus Ross, Dr. Harvey Hartman, and Dr. Judy Sandlin. I would especially like to thank Dr. Brophy who patiently guided me through the entire research and writing process and put in many hours working with me on this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their interest in this project and Robby Mullis for his constant encouragement. Galliform Baraminology 4 Abstract This study investigates the number of galliform bird holobaramins. Criteria used to determine the members of any given holobaramin included a biblical word analysis, statistical baraminology, and hybridization. The biblical search yielded limited biosystematic information; however, since it is a necessary and useful part of baraminology research it is both included and discussed.