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Arthropod-Borne Viruses Arthropod-Borne • Rebekah C Arthropod-Borne Viruses • Rebekah C. Kading, Aaron C Brault Beckham David and J. Arthropod-Borne Viruses The Outbreak Edition Edited by Rebekah C. Kading, Aaron C Brault and J. David Beckham Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease www.mdpi.com/journal/tropicalmed Arthropod-Borne Viruses Arthropod-Borne Viruses: The Outbreak Edition Editors Rebekah C. Kading Aaron C Brault J. David Beckham MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Rebekah C. Kading Aaron C Brault Colorado State University Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA USA J. David Beckham University of Colorado School of Medicine USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/ journal/tropicalmed/special issues/Arthropod Borne Viruses). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03943-348-3 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03943-349-0 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Editors .............................................. vii Preface to ”Arthropod-Borne Viruses: The Outbreak Edition” ................... ix Rebekah C. Kading, Aaron C. Brault and J. David Beckham Global Perspectives on Arbovirus Outbreaks: A 2020 Snapshot Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, , doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030142 ......... 1 The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 75, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020075 ........ 7 Steven Hinojosa, Alexander Alquiza, Clarissa Guerrero, Diana Vanegas, Niko Tapangan, Narda Cano and Eduardo Olivarez Detection of a Locally-Acquired Zika Virus Outbreak in Hidalgo County, Texas through Increased Antenatal Testing in a High-Risk Area Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 128, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030128 ....... 13 Matteo Ricc`o,Giovanni Gualerzi, Silvia Ranzieri, Pietro Ferraro and Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices (KAP) of Italian Occupational Physicians towards Tick Borne Encephalitis Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 117, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030117 ....... 19 Nurulhusna Ab Hamid, Siti Nurfadhlina Mohd Noor, Nur Rasyidah Isa, Rohaiyu Md Rodzay, Ainaa Mardia Bachtiar Effendi, Afiq Ahnaf Hafisool, Fatin Atirah Azman, Siti Farah Abdullah, Muhammad Khairi Kamarul Zaman, Mohd Iqbal Mohd Norsham, Noor Hasmiza Amanzuri, Nurliyana Abd Khalil, Izzah Farhah Zambari, Aimannur Najihah Mat Rani, Farah Diana Ariffin, Topek Omar, Nazni Wasi Ahmad and Han Lim Lee Vertical Infestation Profile of Aedes in Selected Urban High-Rise Residences in Malaysia Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 114, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030114 ....... 33 Carla Julia da Silva Pessoa Vieira, David Jose´ Ferreira da Silva, Jana´ına Rigotti Kubiszeski, La´ıs Ceschini Machado, Lindomar Jose´ Pena, Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni and Gabriel da Luz Wallau The Emergence of Chikungunya ECSA Lineage in a Mayaro Endemic Region on the Southern Border of the Amazon Forest Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 105, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020105 ....... 45 Katherine I. Young, Joseph T. Medwid, Sasha R. Azar, Robert M. Huff, Hannah Drumm, Lark L. Coffey, R. Jason Pitts, Michaela Buenemann, Nikos Vasilakis, David Perera and Kathryn A. Hanley Identification of Mosquito Bloodmeals Collected in Diverse Habitats in Malaysian Borneo Using COI Barcoding Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 51, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020051 ........ 61 Teresa E. Sorvillo, Sergio E. Rodriguez, Peter Hudson, Megan Carey, Luis L. Rodriguez, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Brian H. Bird, Jessica R. Spengler and Dennis A. Bente Towards a Sustainable One Health Approach to Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention: Focus Areas and Gaps in Knowledge Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 113, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030113 ....... 81 v Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster and A. Desiree LaBeaud Rift Valley Fever: Important Considerations for Risk Mitigation and Future Outbreaks Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 89, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020089 ........109 Nadia Castaldo, Elena Graziano, Maddalena Peghin, Tolinda Gallo, Pierlanfranco D’Agaro, Assunta Sartor, Tiziana Bove, Roberto Cocconi, Giovanni Merlino and Matteo Bassetti Neuroinvasive West Nile Infection with an Unusual Clinical Presentation: A Single-Center Case Series Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 138, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030138 .......123 Robert G. McLean Letter to the Editor: Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus 1B Invasion and Epidemic Control—South Texas, 1971 Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 104, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020104 .......129 Rebekah C. Kading, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, Ken Fall and Gabriel L. Hamer Emergence of Arboviruses in the United States: The Boom and Bust of Funding, Innovation, and Capacity Reprinted from: Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2020, 5, 96, doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5020096 ........133 vi About the Editors Rebekah C. Kading, Ph.D.: Dr. Kading obtained her BS in Entomology/Wildlife Conservation from the University of Delaware, MS in Entomology from the University of Arkansas, and Ph.D. in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Between 2007 and 2014, Dr. Kading led studies on the ecology of arthropod-borne viruses in Colorado, Uganda, and Guatemala, and the transmission of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) by mosquitoes at the CDC Division of Vector-borne Diseases. Her research program is currently focused on RVFV transmission, as well as the ecology of virus circulation among bats. Aaron C Brault obtained his BS in Zoology from Texas A&M University and Ph.D. from the University of Texas Medical Branch. He then completed post-doctoral training as an American Society of Microbiology fellow at the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Fort Collins, Colorado, from 2001–2003. Following his ASM fellowship, he accepted a position as an associate professor at the Center for Vector-Borne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology within the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, Davis. After being promoted to associate professor, Dr. Brault returned to DVBD in 2009 as a staff scientist. His laboratory focused on arboviral pathogenesis and molecular genetics, and in 2019, was appointed as the lead for the arboviral diagnostics group within the branch. J. David Beckham obtained his MD from Baylor College of Medicine, followed by Internal Medicine Residency training at Baylor College of Medicine and Infectious Disease Fellowship Clinical Training at University of Colorado School of Medicine. He then completed post-doctoral training in virology at University of Colorado School of Medicine from 2005 to 2010. Since 2010, Dr. Beckham’s laboratory has studied the pathogenesis of flavivirus infections and mechanisms of neuroinflammatory responses to acute viral infections in the central nervous system. vii Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Editorial Global Perspectives on Arbovirus Outbreaks: A 2020 Snapshot Rebekah C. Kading 1,*, Aaron C. Brault 2 and J. David Beckham 3 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1690, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 2 Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; [email protected] 3 Departments of Medicine, Neurology, and Immunology & Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional VAMC, 12,700 E. 19th Avenue, B168, Denver, CO 80045, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-970-491-7833 Received: 2 September 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Keywords: mosquito; tick; emerging infectious diseases; one health; vector-borne diseases When this special issue was first conceived in early 2019, we never anticipated that the publication of this collection of articles would be happening during a pandemic. While this outbreak collection is focused on viruses transmitted by arthropods, its release concurrent with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and international health emergency provides an appropriate context in which to draw attention to research focused on other high-consequence, epidemic-causing viruses that may be next to emerge on the global stage. Arthropod-borne pathogens account more than 17% of infectious diseases, affect millions of people around the world each year, and comprise a significant proportion of emerging human pathogens [1–4]. Dengue, as the most widespread arboviral disease,
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