TABLE OF CONTENTS

EDITORIAL BOARD .............................................................................. COLLABORATORS AND OTHER PRIMARY REVIEWERS ................. iii v
FOREWORD: GEORGES C. BENJAMIN, MD, FACP ........................... xviii FOREWORD: LEE JONG-WOOK .......................................................... PREFACE ................................................................................................. xx xxi
USER’S GUIDE TO CCDM18 ................................................................ xxiii REPORTING OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ............................... xxvi RESPONSE TO AN OUTBREAK REPORT ....................................... xxviii DELIBERATE USE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS TO CAUSE HARM AGENTS .......................................................................................... xxxii
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ............................... ACTINOMYCOSIS ................................................................................. AMOEBIASIS ........................................................................................... ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS ...................................................................... ABDOMINAL ...................................................................................... INTESTINAL ....................................................................................... ANISAKIASIS .......................................................................................... ANTHRAX .............................................................................................. ARENAVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE ..................................................................................... ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL DISEASES .............................................. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... TABLE: DISEASES IN HUMANS CAUSED BY ARTHROPOD-
BORNE VIRUSES ........................................................................
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ARTHRITIS AND RASH ...................... ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ...............................
I. MOSQUITO-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ........................ II. TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ...................................
ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS .................................................
I. MOSQUITO-BORNE AND CULICOIDES-BORNE VIRAL
1
10 12 16 18 18 19 21

27 30 30

31 36 39 39 43 46

FEVERS ..................................................................................... I.A. VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
DISEASE ............................................................................
46 46
I.B. OTHER MOSQUITO-BORNE AND CULICOIDES-BORNE

• FEVERS .............................................................................
• 48

51 52 55 55 55
II. TICK-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ..................................................... III. PHLEBOTOMINE-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ................................. ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS ..................
I. MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES ................................................. II. TICK-BORNE DISEASES ..............................................................

x

II.A. CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER ................... II.B. OMSK HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
55

• KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE ......................................
• 57

59 62 65 68 70 73 75 82 85 88 91 94 94 95 96 98
ASCARIASIS ............................................................................................ ASPERGILLOSIS ..................................................................................... BABESIOSIS ............................................................................................ BALANTIDIASIS ..................................................................................... BARTONELLOSIS ................................................................................... BLASTOMYCOSIS .................................................................................. BOTULISM AND INTESTINAL BOTULISM ......................................... BRUCELLOSIS ........................................................................................ BURULI ULCER ...................................................................................... CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS ............................................................ CANDIDIASIS ......................................................................................... CAPILLARIASIS ......................................................................................

I. CAPILLARIASIS DUE TO CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS .......

II. CAPILLARIASIS DUE TO CAPILLARIA HEPATICA ................. III. PULMONARY CAPILLARIASIS ................................................... CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE ....................................................................... CHANCROID .......................................................................................... 100 CHICKENPOX/HERPES ZOSTER ......................................................... 102 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS ................................................................. 108 GENITAL INFECTIONS, CHLAMYDIAL ............................................. 109 URETHRITIS, NONGONOCOCCAL AND NONSPECIFIC ................. 112 CHOLERA AND OTHER VIBRIOSES .................................................... 113
I. VIBRIO CHOLERAE SEROGROUPS O1 AND O139 ............... 113

II. VIBRIO CHOLERAE SEROGROUPS

OTHER THAN O1 AND O139 ............................................... 122
III. VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ENTERITIS ............................ 124 IV. INFECTION WITH VIBRIO VULNIFICUS ................................ 125 V. INFECTION WITH OTHER VIBRIOS ........................................ 127
CHROMOMYCOSIS ............................................................................... 128 CLONORCHIASIS .................................................................................. 130 OPISTHORCHIASIS ........................................................................... 131 COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS .................................................................... 133 CONJUNCTIVITIS/KERATITIS ............................................................. 136
I. ACUTE BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS .................................... 136 II. KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, ADENOVIRAL .............................. 138 III. ADENOVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS ................. 140
ENTEROVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS ........... 140
IV. CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS .............................................. 142 COXSACKIEVIRUS DISEASES ............................................................... 146 I.A. ENTEROVIRAL VESICULAR PHARYNGITIS ............................. 146 I.B. ENTEROVIRAL VESICULAR STOMATITIS WITH EXANTHEM .. 146

xi

I.C. ENTEROVIRAL LYMPHONODULAR PHARYNGITIS ............... 146 II. COXSACKIEVIRUS CARDITIS .................................................... 148
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS ............................................................................. 150 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS .......................................................................... 152 DIARRHEA CAUSED BY CYCLOSPORA ........................................ 154 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS ................................................... 156 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE ...................................................... 156 CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION ....................... 156 DENGUE FEVER ................................................................................... 160 DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER/DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME ...................................................................................... 164 DERMATOPHYTOSIS ........................................................................... 167
I. TINEA BARBAE AND TINEA CAPITIS ..................................... 167 II. TINEA CRURIS AND TINEA CORPORIS ................................. 169 III. TINEA PEDIS .............................................................................. 171 IV. TINEA UNGUIUM ...................................................................... 173 DIARRHEA, ACUTE .............................................................................. 175 DIARRHEA CAUSED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI .................................. 176
I. ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC STRAINS ......................................... 176 II. ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAINS ................................................ 180 III. ENTEROINVASIVE STRAINS .................................................... 182 IV. ENTEROPATHOGENIC STRAINS ............................................. 183 V. ENTEROAGGREGATIVE E. COLI  ............................................. 186 VI. DIFFUSE-ADHERENCE E. COLI  ................................................ 187 DIPHTHERIA ......................................................................................... 188 DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS ....................................................................... 193 DRACUNCULIASIS ............................................................................... 195 EBOLA-MARBURG VIRAL DISEASES .................................................. 198 ECHINOCOCCOSIS .............................................................................. 201

I. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS ............................. 201 II. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS  ...................... 204

III. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS VOGELI  ........................................ 205 EHRLICHIOSIS ...................................................................................... 206 ENCEPHALOPATHY, SUBACUTE SPONGIFORM ............................. 209
I. CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE .............................................. 209 II. KURU .......................................................................................... 212
ENTEROBIASIS ..................................................................................... 213 ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM/HUMAN PARVOVIRUS INFECTION ...... 216 EXANTHEMA SUBITUM ...................................................................... 219 FASCIOLIASIS ....................................................................................... 222 FASCIOLOPSIASIS ................................................................................ 224 FILARIASIS ............................................................................................ 226 DIROFILARIASIS ............................................................................... 230

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OTHER NEMATODES PRODUCING MICROFILARIAE IN HUMANS ....................................................................................... 231
FOODBORNE INTOXICATIONS ........................................................ 232
I. STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD INTOXICATION ......................... 233 II. CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FOOD INTOXICATION ...... 235 III. BACILLUS CEREUS FOOD INTOXICATION .......................... 237 IV. SCOMBROID FISH POISONING .............................................. 238 V. CIGUATERA FISH POISONING ................................................ 239 VI. PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING ...................................... 240 VII. NEUROTOXIC SHELLFISH POISONING ................................. 240 VIII. DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH POISONING .................................... 241 IX. AMNESIC SHELLFISH POISONING .......................................... 241 X. PUFFER FISH POISONING (TETRODOTOXIN) ..................... 242 XI. AZASPIRACID POISONING (AZP) ............................................ 242 GASTRITIS CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI .......................... 243 GASTROENTERITIS, ACUTE VIRAL ................................................... 246
I. ROTAVIRAL ENTERITIS ............................................................ 246 II. EPIDEMIC VIRAL GASTROENTEROPATHY ........................... 249
GIARDIASIS ........................................................................................... 252 GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS ............................................................. 255
I. GONOCOCCAL INFECTION .................................................... 255 II. GONOCOCCAL CONJUNCTIVITIS (NEONATORUM) .......... 259
GRANULOMA INGUINALE ................................................................. 261 HANTAVIRAL DISEASES ...................................................................... 263
I. HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME ............. 263 II. HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME .............................. 266
HENDRA AND NIPAH VIRAL DISEASES ........................................... 269 HEPATITIS, VIRAL ............................................................................... 271
I. VIRAL HEPATITIS A .................................................................. 271 II. VIRAL HEPATITIS B .................................................................. 276 III. VIRAL HEPATITIS C .................................................................. 285 IV. DELTA HEPATITIS ..................................................................... 287 V. VIRAL HEPATITIS E .................................................................... 289
HERPES SIMPLEX AND ANOGENITAL HERPESVIRAL INFECTIONS ..... 292 MENINGOENCEPHALITIS DUE TO CERCOPITHECINE HERPES VIRUS 1 .......................................................................................... 295
HISTOPLASMOSIS ................................................................................ 297