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Control of Communicable Diseases Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL BOARD .............................................................................. iii COLLABORATORS AND OTHER PRIMARY REVIEWERS ................. v FOREWORD: GEORGES C. BENJAMIN, MD, FACP ........................... xviii FOREWORD: LEE JONG-WOOK .......................................................... xx PREFACE ................................................................................................. xxi USER’S GUIDE TO CCDM18 ................................................................ xxiii REPORTING OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ............................... xxvi RESPONSE TO AN OUTBREAK REPORT ....................................... xxviii DELIBERATE USE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS TO CAUSE HARM AGENTS .......................................................................................... xxxii ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ............................... 1 ACTINOMYCOSIS ................................................................................. 10 AMOEBIASIS ........................................................................................... 12 ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS ...................................................................... 16 ABDOMINAL ...................................................................................... 18 INTESTINAL ....................................................................................... 18 ANISAKIASIS .......................................................................................... 19 ANTHRAX .............................................................................................. 21 ARENAVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE ..................................................................................... 27 ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL DISEASES .............................................. 30 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 30 TABLE: DISEASES IN HUMANS CAUSED BY ARTHROPOD- BORNE VIRUSES ........................................................................ 31 ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ARTHRITIS AND RASH ...................... 36 ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ............................... 39 I. MOSQUITO-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ........................ 39 II. TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES ................................... 43 ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ................................................. 46 I. MOSQUITO-BORNE AND CULICOIDES-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ..................................................................................... 46 I.A. VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS DISEASE ............................................................................ 46 I.B. OTHER MOSQUITO-BORNE AND CULICOIDES-BORNE FEVERS ............................................................................. 48 II. TICK-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ..................................................... 51 III. PHLEBOTOMINE-BORNE VIRAL FEVERS ................................. 52 ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS .................. 55 I. MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES ................................................. 55 II. TICK-BORNE DISEASES .............................................................. 55 x II.A. CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER ................... 55 II.B. OMSK HEMORRHAGIC FEVER KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE ...................................... 57 ASCARIASIS ............................................................................................ 59 ASPERGILLOSIS ..................................................................................... 62 BABESIOSIS ............................................................................................ 65 BALANTIDIASIS ..................................................................................... 68 BARTONELLOSIS ................................................................................... 70 BLASTOMYCOSIS .................................................................................. 73 BOTULISM AND INTESTINAL BOTULISM ......................................... 75 BRUCELLOSIS ........................................................................................ 82 BURULI ULCER ...................................................................................... 85 CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS ............................................................ 88 CANDIDIASIS ......................................................................................... 91 CAPILLARIASIS ...................................................................................... 94 I. CAPILLARIASIS DUE TO CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS ....... 94 II. CAPILLARIASIS DUE TO CAPILLARIA HEPATICA ................. 95 III. PULMONARY CAPILLARIASIS ................................................... 96 CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE ....................................................................... 98 CHANCROID .......................................................................................... 100 CHICKENPOX/HERPES ZOSTER ......................................................... 102 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS ................................................................. 108 GENITAL INFECTIONS, CHLAMYDIAL ............................................. 109 URETHRITIS, NONGONOCOCCAL AND NONSPECIFIC ................. 112 CHOLERA AND OTHER VIBRIOSES .................................................... 113 I. VIBRIO CHOLERAE SEROGROUPS O1 AND O139 ............... 113 II. VIBRIO CHOLERAE SEROGROUPS OTHER THAN O1 AND O139 ............................................... 122 III. VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ENTERITIS ............................ 124 IV. INFECTION WITH VIBRIO VULNIFICUS ................................ 125 V. INFECTION WITH OTHER VIBRIOS ........................................ 127 CHROMOMYCOSIS ............................................................................... 128 CLONORCHIASIS .................................................................................. 130 OPISTHORCHIASIS ........................................................................... 131 COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS .................................................................... 133 CONJUNCTIVITIS/KERATITIS ............................................................. 136 I. ACUTE BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS .................................... 136 II. KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, ADENOVIRAL .............................. 138 III. ADENOVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS ................. 140 ENTEROVIRAL HEMORRHAGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS ........... 140 IV. CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS .............................................. 142 COXSACKIEVIRUS DISEASES ............................................................... 146 I.A. ENTEROVIRAL VESICULAR PHARYNGITIS ............................. 146 I.B. ENTEROVIRAL VESICULAR STOMATITIS WITH EXANTHEM .. 146 xi I.C. ENTEROVIRAL LYMPHONODULAR PHARYNGITIS ............... 146 II. COXSACKIEVIRUS CARDITIS .................................................... 148 CRYPTOCOCCOSIS ............................................................................. 150 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS .......................................................................... 152 DIARRHEA CAUSED BY CYCLOSPORA ........................................ 154 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS ................................................... 156 CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE ...................................................... 156 CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION ....................... 156 DENGUE FEVER ................................................................................... 160 DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER/DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME ...................................................................................... 164 DERMATOPHYTOSIS ........................................................................... 167 I. TINEA BARBAE AND TINEA CAPITIS ..................................... 167 II. TINEA CRURIS AND TINEA CORPORIS ................................. 169 III. TINEA PEDIS .............................................................................. 171 IV. TINEA UNGUIUM ...................................................................... 173 DIARRHEA, ACUTE .............................................................................. 175 DIARRHEA CAUSED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI .................................. 176 I. ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC STRAINS ......................................... 176 II. ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAINS ................................................ 180 III. ENTEROINVASIVE STRAINS .................................................... 182 IV. ENTEROPATHOGENIC STRAINS ............................................. 183 V. ENTEROAGGREGATIVE E. COLI ............................................. 186 VI. DIFFUSE-ADHERENCE E. COLI ................................................ 187 DIPHTHERIA ......................................................................................... 188 DIPHYLLOBOTHRIASIS ....................................................................... 193 DRACUNCULIASIS ............................................................................... 195 EBOLA-MARBURG VIRAL DISEASES .................................................. 198 ECHINOCOCCOSIS .............................................................................. 201 I. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS ............................. 201 II. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS ...................... 204 III. DUE TO ECHINOCOCCUS VOGELI ........................................ 205 EHRLICHIOSIS .....................................................................................
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