LARC 352 History of Landscape Architecture Autumn Quarter, 2016

Instructor: Thaïsa Way PhD T.A.: Sara Jacobs Archetypes?

Spiritual animation of landscape & natural forms huaca (Quchua: Andean) teotl (Nahuatl: Aztec) po-wa-ha (Tewa: )

Centeredness & Orientation nansipu: Small hole representing the emergence from the earth.

Divinity associated with natural & celestial processes Temple of the Sun: Tehothuacan Chac: God of Rain, Mayan

Macchu Picchu, Peru Forms & Spaces

“Mimetic Architecture” and Monumental Structures Symbols Temples

Watson Brake, near Monroe, LA - C. 3000 BCE Open Spaces Plazas Ceremonial space

Spatial Orchestration Celestial relationship Progression (Avenues, Ramps and Stairs) Urban networks & function

Copan Ballcourt, Honduras Landscape and Architecture of of Ancient Mesoamerica Caral La Civilization Mas Antigua Caral in Peru Peru: newly discovered site of the earliest civilization in the Americas Natural terrace above the floodplain Planedia Sacred City, Caral, Peru, ca.2600 BCE © I.N.C HS News

Sacred City, Caral, Peru, ca. 2600 BCE © I.N.C Planedia

Sacred City, Caral, Peru, ca. 2600 BCE 3 Types of Mounds: Conical or Cone shape Effigy mounds Platform mounds , , 1730-700 BCE CONICAL MOUNDS

Poverty Point, A, Louisianna Hopewell Mounds, Ohio, ca. 100 BCE- 300 CE

Miamisburg Mound, Ohio, Poverty Point, Mound B, platform mound Kincaid Site, Massac Co., Illinois,

PLATFORM MOUNDS

Temple Mount at Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia Mounds State Historic Site, 600-1400 CE, Illinois EFFIGY MOUNDS Great , c. 1000-1140 CE Locust Grove, Ohio Ho-Chunk Nation, Wisconsin

Marching Bear Mound Group, Iowa

Map of the rise of empires and cultures in MesoAmerica Classic Nebaj Vase Showing The Hunahpú Head in the Tree (Museo Popol)

Grollier Teotihuacán

Teotihuacán -- view from of the Moon down Avenue of the Dead. Teotihuacán - Pyramid of the Moon Axonometric of Avenue of the Dead: MAYANS

Yucatán Penninsula

Maya Civilization: Yucatán Penninsula Mayan Infrastructure

Roads of stone and plaster, running up to 60 miles

• Networks • Trade • Communication

Traces of ancient roadways, (Morales and Sacbeob) Map of Yucatan with Mayan sites marked (Perroni)

Tikal, 700 - 1200 CE TIKAL, Mayan city, 250-800 CE water infrastructure

Huppert/ Way GAHTC The Temple, palace, and hidden chain with excavations and ancient arroyo drainage (Sci-News). world-mysteries.com (550-800 CE)

"Chichen Itza -Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Panoramio) Diagram of Chichen Itza layout of precinct (Coe) (Andersson)

Cenote: sacrificial well

Chichen Itza is thought to mean at the rim of the well of the Itzà,” refering to the city's sacred cenote (), Sacred cenote and pyramids at Chichen Itza (igg.cnr.it) Temple of Jaquars and Ball Court, (Gately)

Ball court

Ball Court and El Castillo, (IKONOS) Wikiwand.com

“Te m p l e o f Kukulcàn” (or the (wikiwand) Castillo), c. 1000 CE, main pyramid at Chichen Itza

Wikipedia.org Ball Court Shanaoutoftown

545 feet long X 225 feet wide

ESCALONA doublehalo.com Chichen Itzá -- Caracól - “snail”--astronomical observatory

INCAS

Macchu Picchu, 15th century, Peru

Macchu Picchu, 15th century, Peru AZTECS

Red indicates the Aztec empire Mural painted by Diego Rivera in 1945, Palacio Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico Tenochtitlán’s founding myth Tenochtitlán - capital of the Aztecs Central highlands - present day Mexico City Tenochtitlán Tenochtitlán - plan of the 16th century chinampas Tenochtitlán’s ceremonial center: double pyramid and temple Tenochtitlán’s main pyramid with double temples: Temple Mayor Cortés and the Aztecs Tenochtitlan, 1300-1550 CE

Birdseye view of the Spanish capital Mexico City built on top of Tenochtitlán The zocalo -- central square of Mexico City.