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Carolina Rieger Massetti Schiavon Irmãos Koch Pont ifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC – SP Carolina Rieger Massetti Schiavon Irmãos Koch, think tank, coletivos juvenis: a atuação da rede libertariana sobre a educação Mestrado em Educação: História, Política, Sociedade São Paulo 2020 Pont ifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo PUC – SP Carolina Rieger Massetti Schiavon Irmãos Koch, think tank, coletivos juvenis: a atuação da rede libertariana sobre a educação Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para a obtenção de título de MESTRE em Educação: História, Política, Sociedade sob a orientação da Profa. Dra. Katya Mitsuko Zuquim Braghini. Mestrado em Educação: História, Política, Sociedade São Paulo 2020 Banca Examinadora “O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 88887.169610/2018-00. ” “This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 88887.169610/2018-00” AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à Prof a Dr a Katya Mitsuko Zuquim Braghini, minha orientadora, por compartilhar sua inteligência e erudição e pela perspicácia ao entender o que vinha me afligindo, de modo a dar forma a esta pesquisa. Agradeço à Prof a Da Alda Junqueira Marin, pelo rigor e riqueza das aulas que me proporcionaram uma sólida formação desde o ingresso no programa. Ao Prof o Dr o Jefferson Rodrigues Barbosa, pela leitura cuidadosa e imprescindível contribuição para a continuidade desta pesquisa. Agradeço ao Prof o Dr o Carlos Antonio Giovinazzo Jr., pela sagacidade e precisão na orientação do anteprojeto, quando as coisas ainda nem tinham tomado forma, mas vinham em uma sucessão de pensamentos, incômodos e perguntas. À Betinha Adania, pelos sorrisos e pelo profissionalismo associado à amizade. Quantas vezes foi solução diante do desespero! Agradeço a todos do EHPS, que receberam com tanto carinho, não apenas a mim, mas minha família também. Ao meu marido, Ricardo Rieger, a quem os meus longos períodos de distância, imersa na pesquisa, tanto afetaram... quem nos acompanhou durante as aulas, para que eu pudesse amamentar nosso Vladimir. Agradeço ao Vladimir, meu sempre companheiro. Ingressou na PUC aos sete meses de idade, aprendeu a engatinhar, a andar e a falar pelos corredores do programa... sempre presente nas lutas, durante o difícil ano de 2019. Quantas vezes foram os seus beijos que me tranquilizaram, filho! Agradeço ao meu filho Yohan, meu primogênito, que sempre me faz sentir capaz. Agradeço a minha mãe, minhas irmãs e sobrinhas. Às companheiras e companheiros de luta. Encerro esta etapa, exausta, mas já saudosa. Resumo O trabalho tem por objetivo compreender a ação de uma rede multidimensional de instituições e grupos políticos visando a difusão de um ideário neoliberal, atuando sobre a formação de jovens, vistos como novas lideranças empreendedoras, na busca de modificações estruturais da sociedade, dentre elas, o funcionamento da educação. Mais especificamente, trata de perceber e analisar a atuação dos Irmãos Koch na organização de uma rede de instituições e sujeitos que preguem e defendam um modelo de entendimento sobre a economia neoliberal, atuante na América Latina e particularmente no Brasil. Visa a analisar a incorporação de discursos empresariais, moralizadores e privatistas nos meios juvenis por meio das chamadas think tanks ultraliberais. São perguntas do trabalho: Qual é a atuação da rede financiada pelos irmãos Koch a partir de think tanks neoliberais? Como a acontece a relação entre os financiamentos estrangeiros, centralizado no cenário de atuação política de movimentos juvenis brasileiros, pensando a educação? Quais são as instituições e sujeitos de composição dessa rede na América Latina? Pensa como hipótese que há treinamento de think tanks especificamente à formação de jovens que passam a espelhar as ideias de privatização de maneira a produzir discursos ora manipulados, ora falsos, ora místicos em prol do capital. A documentação privilegiada está disposta em arquivos de instituições envolvidas na rede de relações, sites de organizações e coletivos políticos juvenis, hiperlinks de universidades e produtos de internet (redes sociais). O referencial de “experiência” de Thompson (1981) é usado para perceber a maneira como sujeitos criam novos conceitos para tentar estruturar uma realidade social por meio da organização de aparatos de circulação e fomento de consciências. Palavras-chave: Irmãos Koch, think tanks , juventude, educação, pós-verdade . Abstract The work aims to understand the action of a multidimensional network of institutions and political groups that aim to disseminate a neoliberal ideology acting on the formation of young people, who are seen as new entrepreneurial leaders in search of structural changes in society, and among such changes is the functioning of education. More specifically, it is about perceiving and analyzing the work of the Koch Brothers in organizing a network of institutions and subjects who preach and defend a model of understanding of the neo- liberal economy and who are active in Latin America and particularly in Brazil. It aims to analyze the incorporation of corporate, moralizing and privatist discourses in youth circles through the so-called ultra-liberal think tanks. The questions that guide the work are: What is the role of the network funded by the Koch brothers through neoliberal think tanks? How does the relationship between foreign financing, centralized in the political scenario of Brazilian youth movements, with education in mind? What are the institutions and subjects of this network in Latin America? The work has as hypothesis the idea that there is training of think tanks specifically for the formation of young people who start to mirror the ideas of privatization in order to produce either manipulated, or false, or mystical discourses in favor of capital. The documentation used is displayed in archives of institutions involved in the network of relations, websites of youth organizations and political collectives, hyperlinks of universities and Internet products (social networks). Thompson's (1981) theoretical reference of "experience" is used to understand how subjects create new concepts to try to structure a social reality through the organization of apparatuses of circulation and promotion of consciences. Keywords: Koch brothers; think tanks; youth; education; post-truth Sumário Lista de abreviaturas ................................................................................................... 10 Lista de figuras ........................................................................................................... 14 Lista de Tabelas ......................................................................................................... 15 Introdução ................................................................................................................... 17 Jornadas de Junho ..................................................................................................... 26 Análise do ideário do libertarianismo ........................................................................... 36 Capítulo 1- A Família Koch ......................................................................................... 41 1.1 Os irmãos Koch: Três gerações de fortuna e a construção do “libertarianismo” ............. 41 1.2 “Amão visível do estado”: Harry Koch eo prenúncio de uma ideia .......................... 45 1.3 Fred Chase Koch: Monopólio e filantropia .......................................................... 51 1.4 John Birch Society: Educação libertariana ......................................................... 57 1.5 Atuação política do Koch a partir do Libertarian Party (LP) ................................. 65 Capítulo 2 - A escola é o primeiro passo, não é o final: Ideal libertariano e suas instituições modelares e formadoras ........................................................................... 68 2.1 Foundation For Economic Education.................................................................. 68 2.2 Fred and Mary Koch Foundation: Os benefícios da filantropia ............................ 76 2.3 Os irmãos Kock e a Freedom School ou Rampart College: o libertarianismo em ação......................................................................................................................78 2.4 A difusão do Rampart College ........................................................................... 84 2.5 Intercollegiate Studies Institute (ISI) e Institute for Humane Studies (IHS): treinamento de líderes libertarianos ......................................................................... 86 2.6 Mercatus Center: Expansão do libertarianismo à pós-graduação ....................... 91 2.7 Center for Libertarian Studies (CLS): Esforço de difusão do ideário do libertarianismo ......................................................................................................94 2.8 Free Keene: “Paz, Amor e Capitalismo” – Libertarianos do mundo, uni-vos! ........... 95 2.9 Cato Institute: políticas públicas pensadas pelo caminho neoliberal ................... 97 Capítulo 3 – O Programa Expansionista ..................................................................... 102 3.1 Congresso Walter Lippmann e o raiar da Internacional Neoliberal .................... 102 3.2 Mont Pelerin – O grupo dos Alpes quer moldar o mundo ..................................
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