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The Science of Minerals

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The Science of Minerals Cataloghi e collezioni 9 THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIstORY OF THE UnIVErsITY OF FLOREncE The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze Volume IV Le collezioni mineralogiche e litologiche a cura di | edited by Giovanni Pratesi Comitato Scientifico | Scientific Board Paola Bonazzi, Sandro Conticelli, Piero Manetti, Silvio Menchetti, Giovanni Pratesi, Giuseppe Tanelli Coordinatore della serie | General editor Sandro Rogari Firenze University Press 2012 Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze : Le collezioni mineralogiche e litologiche = The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence. The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections / a cura di Giovanni Pratesi. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2012. (Cataloghi e collezioni ; 9) http://digital.casalini.it/9788866553199 ISBN 978-88-6655-318-2 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-319-9 (online) FOTO DI COPERTINA: Sezione di un cristallo di «tormalina» proveniente FRONT COVER PHOTO: Section of a «tourmaline» crystal from Madagascar. dal Madagascar. IN QUARTA DI COPERTINA: Coppa in diaspro, siglata LAURMED, a indicare che BACK COVER PHOTOS: Jasper cup, signed LAURMED, indicating that it apparteneva alla collezione personale di Lorenzo il Magnifico (XV sec.); belonged to the personal collection of Lorenzo il Magnifico (15th Collezione Ponis: cristalli di zolfo provenienti dalle miniere siciliane; Neck century); Ponis collection: sulphur crystals from Sicilian mines; Phonolitic vulcanico fonolitico di Injibara (a Sud del Lago Tana) contenente numerosi volcanic neck of Injibara (south of Tana Lake) containing numerous inclusi peridotitici; Uno dei campioni più importanti della «Collezione peridotitic xenoliths; One of the most important specimens of the «Elba Elbana»; Particolare della facciata di Santa Maria Novella (Leon Battista Collection»; Detail of the façade of Santa Maria Novella (Leon Battista Alberti, seconda metà XV sec.) rivestita in marmo, serpentinite e calcari Alberti, second half 15th century) lined with marble, serpentinite and marnosi rossi. red marly limestones. TRADUZIONE | TRANSLATION Peter W. Christie TRADUZIONE DELLA PRESENTAZIONE | TRANSLATION OF THE FOREWORD Karen Whittle FOTO | PHOTO Tutte le foto in questo volume sono di Saulo Bambi, ad eccezione delle immagini per le quali è diversamente indicato in didascalia. PROGETTO GRAFICO | GRAPHIC DESIGN Alberto Pizarro Fernández – Pagina Maestra snc © 2012 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy Sommario Table of contents XI PRESENTAZIONE | FOREWORD Alberto Tesi Rettore dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze | Chancellor of the University of Florence XIII INTRODUZIONE | INTRODUCTION Giovanni Pratesi LA STORIA | HISTORY 3 Dalla Real Galleria all’Imperial Regio Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale | From Real Galleria to Imperial Real Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale Luciana Fantoni, Luisa Poggi 17 Dal Gabinetto di Mineralogia al Museo di Storia Naturale | From Gabinetto di Mineralogia to Museum of Natural History Luciana Fantoni, Luisa Poggi 31 Scheda di approfondimento · Insight Una collezione lito-mineralogica settecentesca | An 18th century litho-mineralogical collection Alba Scarpellini 37 Il materiale raccolto durante le spedizioni geologiche del XX secolo | Material collected during the 20th century geological expeditions Piero Manetti LE COLLEZIONI | THE COLLECTIONS 55 La collezione di pietre lavorate | The collection of carved stones Luciana Fantoni, Luisa Poggi 67 La Collezione elbana | The Elban collection Giuseppe Tanelli, Luisa Poggi 83 Collezioni e collezionisti | Collections and collectors Luisa Poggi, Giovanni Pratesi, Luca Bindi 127 Per aspera ad astra: la collezione di meteoriti | Per aspera ad astra: the meteorite collection Giovanni Pratesi 143 Gli olotipi | The holotypes Silvio Menchetti 157 I minerali delle pegmatiti | The minerals of pegmatites Giovanni Pratesi, Paola Bonazzi 181 Estetica della natura, estetica della scienza: il nuovo allestimento della Sezione di Mineralo- gia e Litologia | Aesthetics of nature, aesthetics of science: the new exhibition set-up of the Mineral- ogy and Lithology Section Roberto Piero Papi, Giovanni Pratesi Giovanni Pratesi (a cura di) Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze : Le collezioni mineralogiche e litologiche = The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence. The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections ISBN 978-88-6655-318-2 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-319-9 (online) © 2012 Firenze University Press LE COllEZIONI MINERALOGICHE E LITOLOGICHE VIII The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections LA RICERCA | RESEARCH 201 Geodiversità litologica della Toscana | Lithological geodiversity of Tuscany Eleonora Braschi, Sandro Conticelli, Piero Manetti, Enrico Pandeli 229 I minerali di ferro elbani: un viaggio tra mito, storia, industria, cultura e scienza | Elban iron minerals: a journey through myth, history, industry, culture and science Marco Benvenuti, Pilario Costagliola, Alessandro Corretti, Andrea Dini 245 La città di Firenze: un museo di litologia all’aperto | The city of Florence: an open-air lithology museum Elena Pecchioni, Emma Cantisani, Fabio Fratini 269 La scienza dei minerali: dalla selce ai materiali innovativi e alle nanotecnologie | The science of minerals: from flint to innovative materials and nanotechnologies Giuseppe Tanelli, Luca Bindi, Francesco Di Benedetto 284 Scheda di approfondimento · Insight Quasicristalli naturali | Natural Quasicrystals Luca Bindi, Paul J. Steinhardt BIblIOGRAFIA E INDICI | BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEXES 289 Bibliografia| Bibliography 301 Indice dei nomi | Index of Names 305 Indice dei luoghi | Index of Places 309 Indice delle collezioni e dei reperti | Index of Collections and Exhibits VOLUME IV The Museum of Natural History Il Museo di Storia Naturale of the University of Florence dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections Le collezioni mineralogiche e litologiche Presentazione Foreword Alberto Tesi Rettore dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze Chancellor of the University of Florence on questo volume, dedicato alle collezio- ith this volume, dedicated to the min- Cni mineralogiche e litologiche, si compie Weralogical and lithological collections, un ulteriore passo verso il completamento a further step is taken towards completion della serie dedicata alle sezioni del Museo of the series devoted to the different sec- di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi tions of the University of Florence Museo di di Firenze. Storia Naturale. Si tratta di una iniziativa nata ben prima It is an initiative that came into being a dell’inizio del mio mandato e pensata per long time before I came to office, designed presentare in modo organico, diffondere e far to present the great scientific and cultural apprezzare ad un pubblico sempre più vasto heritage conveyed by the museum in an or- il grande patrimonio scientifico e culturale ganic manner, and to make it known and ap- espresso dal Museo. preciated by an increasingly vast public. Poter disporre di una tale guida ideale Indeed, the availability of such an ide- può permettere infatti agli studiosi, anche di al guide can permit Italian as well as for- altri paesi, e agli studenti, anche non univer- eign scholars, and students, not just from sitari, di avere una visione unitaria della ric- universities, a unitary vision of the abun- chezza delle varie collezioni del Museo. Un dance of the museum’s various collections. Museo che peraltro negli ultimi anni ha visto And in recent years this museum has also crescere notevolmente, non solo il numero seen not only a remarkable growth in visi- dei visitatori, ma anche la collaborazione e tor numbers, but also in its collaboration l’integrazione con il Polo museale fiorentino. and integration with the Florentine muse- Proprio nell’ottica di dare alla città di Fi- um system. renze un Museo di Storia Naturale paragona- It is in view of giving the city of Florence bile ai maggiori d’Europa, vanno inquadrate a natural history museum comparable with la recente decisione di rafforzare la struttura the greatest in Europe that the recent de- organizzativa del Museo e la conferma della cision was made to boost the museum’s priorità di un percorso di riunificazione del- organizational structure and confirm the le varie collezioni, oggi collocate in più sedi, priority status of the programme to reunite nell’edificio della «Specola». the various collections, at present located at Desidero infine esprimere un sincero rin- various sites, in the «Specola» building. graziamento ai curatori che hanno seguito Lastly, I would like to express my sincere con passione la raccolta dei materiali e l’or- thanks to the curators who keenly dealt ganizzazione del testo, agli autori che hanno with collecting the materials and organizing contribuito con la loro competenza ad arric- the text, and to the authors whose exper- chirne i contenuti. tise helped enrich the contents. Giovanni Pratesi (a cura di) Il Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze : Le collezioni mineralogiche e litologiche = The Museum of Natural History of the University of Florence. The Mineralogical and Lithological Collections ISBN 978-88-6655-318-2 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-319-9 (online) © 2012 Firenze University Press Introduzione Introduction Giovanni Pratesi inerali e rocce
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