Unpacking the Book #9

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Unpacking the Book #9 Writ ten by Sherry Worel Unpacking the Book #8 The Neighbors I. The surrounding kingdoms: A. Egypt –An almost forgotten nation during this time. B. Aramaea – (Damascus) these states were to the north of Israel and were wiped out by Assyria. The language of Christ came from this part of the world. C. Assyria - See Isa. 10:5 The major assault on Palestine came at the hands of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC). The credit for its fall goes to Sargon II (772-705). Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC) attacked Samaria. D. Babylon- An alliance with the Median Kingdom resulted in the New-Babylonian Empire. E. Persia (Medes) – A massive empire spread from Greece to India. Judah fell at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar and Jerusalem was burnt down by his general, Nabuzaradan. I. Assyria (~1100–612 BC) A. Located along the banks of the Tigris River – north of the region of Babylon. Near the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. B. Its name comes from its capital city “Asshur” C. Other cities in Assyria also appear in the biblical record: See Gen. 10:11-12 for Calah and Ninevah. See Jonah for Ninevah. D. Its expansion: [Syria begins to expand and that’s when it become a problem for Israel] 1. Under Tiglath-Pileser I (1115-1077 BC) Assyria expanded to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. 2. This expansion was followed by 166 years of decline. 3. Ashurasirpal II (883-859 BC) and his son Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC) continued the expansion through a series of campaigns in every direction. In ~841 BC Shalmaneser received tribute from the kings of Tyre, Sidon and King Jehu of Israel 4. After another period of decline, Tiglath-Pileser III (744-727 BC) caused both King Menahem of Israel and King Rezin of Aramea to give tribute and become vassals of Assyria (2 Kings 15). Ahaz (Judah) also became an Assyrian vassal. (2 Kings 16, 2 Chron. 28). Tiglath-Pileser III is considered to be one of the most successful military commanders in world history, conquering most of the world known to the ancient Assyrians before his death (according to Wikipedia). 5. Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC) besieged Samaria for three years after Hoshea refused to pay tribute (2 Kings 17). Samaria (capital city of Israel) finally fell in 722 BC. Sargon II (722- 705 BC) took credit for the victory and deported 27,290 inhabitants of Samaria. Some of the people (especially the “faithful”) fled to Judah, but most were deported and scattered in Assyria. Then Sargon imported people from Babylon and Syria to be resettled in Israel (2 Kings 17:24-41) among the remaining people of Israel. This is the origin of the Samaritan “mixed race” which we read about in the New Testament (John 4, Luke 10). Edited and taught by Cathy Ulrich www.cathy.tomulrichconsulting.com 2 6. Sennacherib (704-681 BC) after dealing with widespread revolt with Babylon, Phoenicia and Palestine. He invades Judah in 701 BC. (2 Kings 20, 2 Chron. 32, Isa. 22). Hezekiah resisted (with the encouragement of Isaiah). God delivered Judah (2 Kings 19) and the Assyrians withdrew. 7. Assyria had a series of wars with Egypt and Babylon until 614 BC when the Medes sacked the capital city of Asshur. In 612 BC the combined army of the Medes and Babylonians captured Ninevah. By 605 BC historians say, “Assyria was no more.” E. More about the culture: 1. the first people to understand/invent locks and keys 2. had the first paved roads 3. first postal system between their 70 provinces 4. first libraries 5. first flush toilets! F. Other historical events in this time frame: 1. Homer wrote Illiad and Odyssey 750 BC 2. Rome was founded in 753 BC 3. First Olympic games in 776 BC G. Spiritually: nebulous pieces of history suggest that Thomas, Bartholomew and Thaddeus established the Christian church in Assyria. II. Babylon (the Neo-Babylonian Period) (~612-593 BC) A. Located along the river Euphrates B. Its name is the same Hebrew word for “Babel” (Gen. 10:10, 11:9) C. Its expansion: 1. Assyrian domination of the region ended with Ashurbanipal in 627 BC. 2. Egypt challenged Babylon for the right to inherit Assyria’s vast empire. In 605 BC Nebuchadnezzar defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish (Jer. 46:2-12). 3. The Babylonians then turned their attention to Judah. “In 604 and 603 Nebuchadnezzar, campaigned along the Palestinian coast. At this time Jehoiakim, king of Judah, became an unwilling vassal of Babylon. For two years Judah was harassed by Babylonian vassals (2 Kings 24:1-2). Then, in December of 598 BC, Nebuchadnezzar marched on Jerusalem. Jehoiakim died that same month, and his son Jehoiachin surrendered the city to the Babylonians on March 16, 597 BC. Many Judeans, including the royal family [and Daniel], were deported to Babylon (2 Kings 24:6-12).” (Holman Bible Atlas, p.222) Johoiachin’s uncle, Zedekiah, was appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, and he reigned 11 years. From 588-586BC Nebuchadnezzar’s army besieged Jerusalem and ultimately destroyed it. Sidebar 4. Nebuchadnezzar was the greatest king in this period. Exile: 597-538 BC His successors were “insignificant.” In 539 BC the 1st deportation: 597 BC Persian king, Cyrus II (the great) took Babylon 2nd deportation: 586 BC without a fight. (fall of Jerusalem) 3rd deportation: 582-581 BC D. Other historical events in this time frame: 1. Lives of Buddha (563-483 BC) and Confucius (551- 479 BC) 3 2. Hanging gardens of Babylon – one of the Seven Wonders of the World (600 BC) E. Other cultural things: 1. Ancient Babylon (after Abraham’s time), the Code of Hammurabi 2. Strong mathematicians. First to divide the circle in 360 degrees of 60 arc minutes. Still reflected in our modern clock. 3. Significant medical strides, especially related to surgeries. III. Persia – (~590-330BC) A. The Persian Empire extended from Greece to India and from Southern Russia to the Gulf of Oman. B. Its name comes from its southern most region called Parsis. C. Its expansion: 1. Cyrus II [aka Cyrus the Great] (539-530 BC) ruled a combined kingdom of Medes (located to the Northeast and east of Babylonians) and Persians. He allowed the Jews to return to Judah (Ezra 1:1-4) 2. Once Darius I (522-486 BC) came to the throne, the empire extended well into India. He organized this vast empire into satrapies and then into smaller groups of provinces. Extensive roads were built and conquered people were given a measure of self rule. A distinctive thing about the Persians is they allowed the people they conquered Sidebar to have a significant degree of self-rule. Cyrus the Great 539-530 BC Daniel, Ezra This meant “official support for keeping 1-3, Isaiah 45 Jewish Law in the land of the Jews.” Cambyses 530-522 BC Ezra 4-6 Darius I 522-486 BC Ezra 4:7-23 Darius supported the rebuilding of the Xerxes I 486-465 BC Esther temple (Ezra 6:15) (Ahasuerues) Artaxerexes 464-423 BC Ezra 7-10 D. The books of Daniel and Esther occur Nehemiah during the Persian Rule. Artaxerxes II 404-359 BC E. The prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Darius III 336-331 BC Malachi helped the Jews to hope for restoration of their land. Rebuilding of 537-516 BC Jerusalem F. Other historical events in this time frame: 1. Foundation of Roman Republic (510) 1st return of exiles 583 BC 2. Caste system in India established (500) 2nd return of exiles 525 BC IV.So what? Ezra returns 458 BC Consider that all things (personal, biblical, Nehemiah rebuilds 445-433 BC walls national and international) are under the sovereign control of God. He “turns” them as He sees fit. See Prov. 21:1 and 2 Chron. 20:6. He controls the flow of history and He sometimes uses “not nice” people to accomplish His task (see 1 Kings 12:15, Exodus 7:3, 2 Kings 24:2-4, Daniel 9:14). I can have peace because He is in charge. 4 Main Stages of Israelite & Jewish History 4000 Years of Development (Adapted from the Encyclopedia of Religion) http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/History-Israelite&Jewish.htm 1. Pre- Historic Period o Creation of the World; Adam & Eve; Cain & Abel; Noah & the Flood; Tower of Babel I. Hebrew /Israelite Period (Second Millennium to ca. 586 BC) o Abraham & the Israelite Patriarchs; Moses & the Exodus; Joshua & the Conquest; Era of Judges (Confederation of 12 Tribes) o United Monarchy (Saul, David, Solomon); Divided Monarchies (N: Israel; S: Judah); Destruction of 1st Temple; Babylonian Exile II. Second Temple Period (ca. 586 BC - 70 AD) o Persian Era (Jews return from exile, rebuild Jerusalem & Temple); Hellenistic/Greek Era (Alexander the Great; Ptolemies & Seleucids) o Maccabean/Hasmonean Era (desecration & rededication of Temple); Roman Era (Herod the Great; Jesus; Destruction of 2nd Temple) III. Rab binic Period (ca. 70 AD - 6th Century) o Leading rabbis adapt Judaism for the post-Temple era; focus on reinterpreting & applying the Torah (both written & oral) o Canonization of the Hebrew Bible; Codification of the Mishnah; Compilation of the Talmuds; other rabbinic literature IV. Medieval Period (6th - 16th Centuries) o Solidification of Jewish life & culture & literature; Persecution/Expulsion of Jews from various countries at various times o Division of Jews into various cultural/geographical groups: Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardic Jews, Yemeni Jews, etc. V. Earl y Modern & Modern Period (17th - 21st Centuries) o Division of Judaism into more branches: Hasidic, Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Restorationist, Humanist, Non-Religious, etc. o Rise of Zionist Movements (late 1800's); Nazi-era Holocaust / Shoah (1933-1945); modern State of Israel established (1948) Domination & Independence 1.
Recommended publications
  • The Prophet Jeremiah As Theological Symbol in the Book of Jeremiahâ•Š
    Scholars Crossing LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations 11-2010 The Prophet Jeremiah as Theological Symbol in the Book of Jeremiah” Gary E. Yates Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Other Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Yates, Gary E., "The Prophet Jeremiah as Theological Symbol in the Book of Jeremiah”" (2010). LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations. 372. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lts_fac_pubs/372 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in LBTS Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ETS, Atlanta 2010 “The Prophet Jeremiah as Theological Symbol in the Book of Jeremiah” Gary E. Yates, Ph.D. Introduction Timothy Polk has noted, “Nothing distinguishes the book of Jeremiah from earlier works of prophecy quite so much as the attention it devotes to the person of the prophet and the prominence it accords the prophetic ‘I’, and few things receive more scholarly comment.”1 More than simply providing a biographical or psychological portrait of the prophet, the book presents Jeremiah as a theological symbol who embodies in his person the word of Yahweh and the office of prophet. 2 In fact, the figure of Jeremiah is so central that a theology of the book of Jeremiah “cannot be formulated without taking into account the person of the prophet, as the book presents him.”3 The purpose of this study is to explore how Jeremiah the person functions as a theological symbol and what these motifs contribute to the overall theology of the book of Jeremiah.
    [Show full text]
  • God Disciplines a Rebellious People
    Unit .15 Session .05 God Disciplines a Rebellious People Scripture 2 Chronicles 36:11-21 11 Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began until there was no remedy. 17 Therefore he brought to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. up against them the king of the Chaldeans, who killed 12 He did what was evil in the sight of the Lord his their young men with the sword in the house of their God. He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the sanctuary and had no compassion on young man or prophet, who spoke from the mouth of the Lord. 13 virgin, old man or aged. He gave them all into his hand. He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who 18 And all the vessels of the house of God, great and had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord, the treasures of the king and of his princes, all these he the God of Israel. 14 All the officers of the priests brought to Babylon. 19 And they burned the house of and the people likewise were exceedingly unfaithful, God and broke down the wall of Jerusalem and burned following all the abominations of the nations. And they all its palaces with fire and destroyed all its precious polluted the house of the Lord that he had made holy vessels. 20 He took into exile in Babylon those who in Jerusalem. 15 TheLord , the God of their fathers, had escaped from the sword, and they became servants sent persistently to them by his messengers, because to him and to his sons until the establishment of the he had compassion on his people and on his dwelling kingdom of Persia, 21 to fulfill the word of the Lord place.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
    ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham Athaliah and Alexandra: Gender and Queenship
    University of Birmingham Athaliah and Alexandra: Gender and Queenship in Josephus Scales, Joseph; Quine, Cat Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Scales, J & Quine, C 2020, 'Athaliah and Alexandra: Gender and Queenship in Josephus', Journal of Ancient Judaism, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 233–250. Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive. If you believe that this is the case for this document, please contact [email protected] providing details and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate.
    [Show full text]
  • Zedekiah's Cave
    Places of Bible Lands – “The last week of the life of the Lord” tour 2018 Agrippa 1 used the main quarry of Zedekiah’s Cave for their many building projects. Josephus Zedekiah’s Cave writes about the “Royal Caverns” of the Old City which may be a reference to Zedekiah’s Cave. Names (also known as) The Arabic name meaning Cotton Cave or Solomon’s Quarry, Zedekiah’s Grotto, Grotto has been applied because the cave was Suleiman’s Cave, Royal Caverns, Caves or thought to have been once used as a storage Quarries and an Arabic name Migharat al-Kitan place for cotton. (or Cotton Cave or Grotto). Suleiman the Magnificent (1494-1566), the Location/Description Ottoman sultan who is reputed to have built the The entrance to Zedekiah’s Cave is just present walls around the Old City of Jerusalem, beneath the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of also apparently mined the quarry, but ultimately Jerusalem, between the Damascus and Herod sealed it up around 1540 because of security Gates. The cave slopes down into a vast 300- concerns. foot-long auditorium-like chamber. Spring fed In 1854 the American missionary James T. Tears, drops of water, known as Zedekiah’s Barclay followed rumours of an underground trickle through the ceiling. This spring originates cavern near the Damascus Gate, and from the same aquifer that feeds the Gihon apparently with the help of his dog, discovered Spring. The depth of the cave is 9.1 meters the entrance to the cave. below the Old City streets and the inside height ranges between 4–15 meters.
    [Show full text]
  • Josephus Writings Outline
    THE WARS OF THE JEWS OR THE HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM – BOOK I CONTAINING FROM THE TAKING OF JERUSALEM BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES TO THE DEATH OF HEROD THE GREAT. (THE INTERVAL OF 177 YEARS) CHAPTER 1: HOW THE CITY JERUSALEM WAS TAKEN, AND THE TEMPLE PILLAGED [BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES]; AS ALSO CONCERNING THE ACTIONS OF THE MACCABEES, MATTHIAS AND JUDAS; AND CONCERNING THE DEATH OF JUDAS. CHAPTER 2: CONCERNING THE SUCCESSORS OF JUDAS; WHO WERE JONATHAN AND SIMON, AND JOHN HYRCANUS? CHAPTER 3: HOW ARISTOBULUS WAS THE FIRST THAT PUT A DIADEM ABOUT HIS HEAD; AND AFTER HE HAD PUT HIS MOTHER AND BROTHER TO DEATH, DIED HIMSELF, WHEN HE HAD REIGNED NO MORE THAN A YEAR. CHAPTER 4: WHAT ACTIONS WERE DONE BY ALEXANDER JANNEUS, WHO REIGNED TWENTY- SEVEN YEARS. CHAPTER 5: ALEXANDRA REIGNS NINE YEARS, DURING WHICH TIME THE PHARISEES WERE THE REAL RULERS OF THE NATION. CHAPTER 6: WHEN HYRCANUS WHO WAS ALEXANDER'S HEIR, RECEDED FROM HIS CLAIM TO THE CROWN ARISTOBULUS IS MADE KING; AND AFTERWARD THE SAME HYRCANUS BY THE MEANS OF ANTIPATER; IS BROUGHT BACK BY ABETAS. AT LAST POMPEY IS MADE THE ARBITRATOR OF THE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE BROTHERS. CHAPTER 7: HOW POMPEY HAD THE CITY OF JERUSALEM DELIVERED UP TO HIM BUT TOOK THE TEMPLE BY FORCE. HOW HE WENT INTO THE HOLY OF HOLIES; AS ALSO WHAT WERE HIS OTHER EXPLOITS IN JUDEA. CHAPTER 8: ALEXANDER, THE SON OF ARISTOBULUS, WHO RAN AWAY FROM POMPEY, MAKES AN EXPEDITION AGAINST HYRCANUS; BUT BEING OVERCOME BY GABINIUS HE DELIVERS UP THE FORTRESSES TO HIM.
    [Show full text]
  • Zedekiah: Last King of Judah
    ZEDEKIAH: LAST KING OF JUDAH SHIMON BAKON Zedekiah was the last King of Jud ah, in whose reign it collapsed under the onslaught of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, on the Ninth Day of Ab in the year 586 BCE. We may gain some better understanding of this disaster if we summarize the cataclysmic events that preceded it. A little less than 30 years earlier there had been two regional powers, Assy- ria to the north of Judah and Egypt to the south. The balance of power be- came disturbed when a new colossus began to stride across the entire Near East – Babylon. In 712, it destroyed Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. This was the beginning of the upheavals that led to the destruction of Judah. Egypt, deeply concerned about this new threat, moved northward to bolster the wan- ing power of Assyria. It set on the march in 608, moving via Judah. Josiah, a truly righteous king, attempted to stop the Egyptian forces, and was mortally wounded in battle at Megiddo. KING JOSIAH AND HIS SONS (Josiah killed in battle with Egypt in 608 BCE) JEHOAHAZ (608 BCE) JEHOIAKIM (608-597) (crowned by the (crowned by Neco of Egypt am-ha’aretz in 608 but became vassal and deposed by Egypt the of Babylonia) same year) JEHOIACHIN (597) ZEDEKIAH (597-586) Being a sympathizer (crowned by Babylon) of Egypt, he was deposed by Babylon) 1 The Judean am-haaretz – the landed gentry – put Josiah's son Jehoahaz on the throne, but Necho, the Egyptian pharaoh, hurried to depose him and carry him off into captivity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fate of Jehoiakim
    Andrews University Seminary Studies, Summer 1982, Vol. 20, No. 2, 103-109. Copyright @ 1982 by Andrews University Press. THE FATE OF JEHOIAKIM ALBERT0 R. GREEN Rutgers College Rutgers: The State University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 Attempts to determine the date of Jehoiakim's death have been based on the assumption that his successor, Jehoiachin, acceded to the throne of Judah immediately upon the death of his predecessor. Utilizing as a starting point the date of Jehoiachin's surrender to Nebuchadrezzar (2 Kgs 24:12), and figuring back the three months of his reign (2 Kgs 24:8), we are thereby able to arrive at the death date of Jehoiakim. Presumably, 2 Chr 36:9 gives us a more exact figure of three months and ten days for the length of Jehoiachin's reign, in contrast to the round number of three months given in 2 Kgs 24:8. According to the Babylonian Chronicle, Nebuchadrezzar seized the city of Judah (=Jerusalem) and captured its king (=Jehoiachin) on 2 Adar of his 7th regnal year, or March 16, 597 B.c.' Figuring three Hebrew-Babylonian months and ten days of Jehoiachin's reign back from March 16, 597, would place the dates of Jehoiakim's death and Jehoiachin's accession on December 9/10, 598 B.c.~ 'See BM 21946 in D. J. Wiseman, Chronicle of the Chaldean Kings (626-556) in the British Museum (London, 1956), pp. 72-73 (hereinafter cited as CCK);and A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, Vol. 5, Texts from Cuneiform Sources (Locust Valley, N.Y., 1975), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Chart of the Kings of Israel and Judah
    The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? Chart of the Kings Questions for Discussion The Heritage of Jesus Host: Alan's Gleanings Alphabetical List of the Kings A Comment about Names God's Message of Salvation Kings of the United Kingdom (c 1025-925 BC) Relationship to God's King Previous King Judgment Saul none did evil Ishbosheth* son (unknown) David none did right Solomon did right in youth, son (AKA Jedidiah) evil in old age * The kingdom was divided during Ishbosheth's reign; David was king over the tribe of Judah. Kings of Judah (c 925-586 BC) Kings of Israel (c 925-721 BC) Relationship to God's Relationship to God's King King Previous King Judgment Previous King Judgment Rehoboam son did evil Abijam Jeroboam servant did evil son did evil (AKA Abijah) Nadab son did evil Baasha none did evil Asa son did right Elah son did evil Zimri captain did evil Omri captain did evil Ahab son did evil Jehoshaphat son did right Ahaziah son did evil Jehoram son did evil (AKA Joram) Jehoram son of Ahab did evil Ahaziah (AKA Joram) (AKA Azariah son did evil or Jehoahaz) Athaliah mother did evil Jehu captain mixed Joash did right in youth, son of Ahaziah Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Joash did right in youth, son did evil Amaziah son (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Jeroboam II son did evil Zachariah son did evil did evil Uzziah Shallum none son did right (surmised) (AKA Azariah) Menahem none did evil Pekahiah son did evil Jotham son did right Pekah captain did evil Ahaz son did evil Hoshea none did evil Hezekiah son did right Manasseh son did evil Amon son did evil Josiah son did right Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Shallum) Jehoiakim Assyrian captivity son of Josiah did evil (AKA Eliakim) Jehoiachin (AKA Coniah son did evil or Jeconiah) Zedekiah son of Josiah did evil (AKA Mattaniah) Babylonian captivity Color Code Legend: King did right King did evil Other.
    [Show full text]
  • H 02-UP-011 Assyria Io02
    he Hebrew Bible records the history of ancient Israel reign. In three different inscriptions, Shalmaneser III and Judah, relating that the two kingdoms were recounts that he received tribute from Tyre, Sidon, and united under Saul (ca. 1000 B.C.) Jehu, son of Omri, in his 18th year, tand became politically separate fol- usually figured as 841 B.C. Thus, Jehu, lowing Solomon’s death (ca. 935 B.C.). the next Israelite king to whom the The division continued until the Assyrians refer, appears in the same Assyrians, whose empire was expand- order as described in the Bible. But he ing during that period, exiled Israel is identified as ruling a place with a in the late eighth century B.C. different geographic name, Bit Omri But the goal of the Bible was not to (the house of Omri). record history, and the text does not One of Shalmaneser III’s final edi- shy away from theological explana- tions of annals, the Black Obelisk, tions for events. Given this problem- contains another reference to Jehu. In atic relationship between sacred the second row of figures from the interpretation and historical accura- top, Jehu is depicted with the caption, cy, historians welcomed the discovery “Tribute of Iaua (Jehu), son of Omri. of ancient Assyrian cuneiform docu- Silver, gold, a golden bowl, a golden ments that refer to people and places beaker, golden goblets, pitchers of mentioned in the Bible. Discovered gold, lead, staves for the hand of the in the 19th century, these historical king, javelins, I received from him.”As records are now being used by schol- scholar Michele Marcus points out, ars to corroborate and augment the Jehu’s placement on this monument biblical text, especially the Bible’s indicates that his importance for the COPYRIGHT THE BRITISH MUSEUM “historical books” of Kings.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancestry of Jehu Cox Knox County, Kentucky, Was
    Ancestry of Jehu Cox Knox County, Kentucky, was chosen by providence for the advent of Jehu Cox. Destiny ruled that he would be a great empire builder, a champion of Mormonism, and the ancestor of a great family of truth seekers. Kentucky, his "Old Kentucky Home" takes the name from an Indian name, meaning, "Land of Tomorrow," was first discovered by Marquette and Joliet in 1673. The Iroquoians whom Marquette found in the region described their country as a meadow land--a truly accurate description. The area was an ideal hunting ground for the Indians. Before the coming of the white man the Indian tribes prized the area so highly that a life and death struggle ensued for its possession. It was truly a "Dark and Bloody Ground" when Daniel Boone first explored it in 1767. Eight years later (1775) Daniel built the wilderness Road from Virginia into Kentucky. This famous road (later used by the Cox family) followed an Indian trail to the top of the Appalachian Mountains--better known as Cumberland Gap--then down the Cumberland River into Kentucky and Tennessee. For a century after 1775 a stream of settlers followed that road to find new homes in the west. Kentucky was given statehood June 1, 1792, eleven years before the advent of Jehu. The time chosen by providence for the advent of Jehu was September 5, 1803, simultaneously with his arrival the American people were passing through a great crisis. Tensions had been caused by the Louisiana issue. Napoleon had stolen this territory from Spain and was then offering it for sale to the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Synchronisms of the Hebrew Kings- a Re-Evaluation : I1
    THE SYNCHRONISMS OF THE HEBREW KINGS- A RE-EVALUATION : I1 EDWIN R. THIELE Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan Another period of Hebrew history that has provided serious chronological perplexities is the century covering the reigns of Athaliah to Azariah in Judah and Jehu to Pekahiah in Israel. The reigns of this period are as follows : Israel Athaliah 7 years Jehu 28 years Joash 40 years Jehoahaz 17 years Amaziah 29 years Jehoash 16 years Azariah 52 years Jeroboam I1 41 years Total I 28 years Zachariah 6 months Shallum I month Menahem 10 years Pekahiah 2 years Total I 14 years, 7 months Since Athaliah and Jehu began their reigns simultaneously, and since Pekahiah terminated his reign in the fifty-second and last year of Azariah (z Ki 15 : 27)) the totals of Israel and Judah for this period should be identical, but we notice that there is an excess of approximately 13 years in Judah over Israel. From Assyrian sources the length of this period can be fixed at about a century, for it was in 841 B.C. that Jehu paid tribute to Shalmaneser 111, and it was during the great The first pad of this article was published in A USS, I (1963) 121-138. SYNCHRONISMS OF THE HEBREW KINGS I21 campaign of Tiglath-pileser I11 against the Westland in 743-738 B.C. that Azariah and Menahem are mentioned in the Assyrian records. Noticing the seeming discrepancies between Hebrew and Assyrian history for this period, Albright has proposed the following solution for Judah: "The excess of some 24 years can be eliminated entirely by disregarding the total reigns attributed to the kings of Judah and basing our revised estimates of their reigns solely on the synchronisms with Israel (which throughout contradict the regnal totals of the kings of Judah) ." Thus by a reduction of the reign of Athaliah from 7 years to 6, of Joash from 40 to 38, of Amaziah from 29 to 18, and Azariah from 52 to 42, Albright endeavors to bring the chronology of Judah into line with that of Assyria.
    [Show full text]