DOCSLIB.ORG

Facts Versus Fears

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Facts Versus Fears FACTS VERSUS FEARS: A REVIEW OF THE GREATEST UNFOUNDED HEALTH SCARES OF RECENT TIMES by ADAM J. LIEBERMAN (1967–1997) SIMONA C. KWON, M.P.H. Prepared for the American Council on Science and Health THIRD EDITION First published May 1997; revised September 1997; revised June 1998 ACSH accepts unrestricted grants on the condition that it is solely responsible for the conduct of its research and the dissemina- tion of its work to the public. The organization does not perform proprietary research, nor does it accept support from individual corporations for specific research projects. All contributions to ACSH—a publicly funded organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code—are tax deductible. AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH 1995 Broadway, 2nd Floor New York, NY 10023-5860 Tel. (212) 362-7044 • Fax (212) 362-4919 URL: http://www.acsh.org • E-mail: [email protected] Individual copies of this report are available at a cost of $5.00. Reduced prices for 10 or more copies are available upon request. June 1998-03000. Entire contents © American Council on Science and Health, Inc. THE AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE COMMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS. Dennis T. Avery, M.A. Gordon W. Gribble, Ph.D. James E. Oldfield, Ph.D. Center for Global Food Issues Dartmouth College Oregon State University Hudson Institute Rudolph J. Jaeger, Ph.D. M. Alice Ottoboni, Ph.D. Thomas G. Baumgartner, Pharm.D., Environmental Medicine, Inc. Sparks, Nevada M.Ed., FASHP, BCNSP University of Florida Edward S. Josephson, Ph.D. David B. Roll, Ph.D. University of Rhode Island University of Utah Michael B. Bracken, M.P.H., Ph.D. Yale University Ruth Kava, R.D., Ph.D. Gilbert Ross, M.D. American Council on Science and American Council on Science and Christine M. Bruhn, Ph.D. Health Health University of California John G. Keller, Ph.D. R. T. Ravenholt, M.P.H., M.D. Zerle L. Carpenter, Ph.D. Olney, Maryland Population Health Imperatives Texas Agricultural Extension Service Manfred Kroger, Ph.D. Paul D. Saltman, Ph.D. Robert G. Cassens, Ph.D. Pennsylvania State University University of California, San Diego University of Wisconsin Frank C. Lu, M.D., BCFE Harold H. Sandstead, M.D. Donald G. Cochran, Ph.D. Consulting Toxicologist, University of Texas Medical Branch Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State Miami, Florida University Edgar J. Schoen, M.D. Harold Lyons, Ph.D. Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Bernard L. Cohen, D.Sc. Rhodes College University of Pittsburgh Sidney Shindell, M.D., LL.B. Howard D. Maccabee, Ph.D., M.D. Medical College of Wisconsin Ilene R. Danse, M.D. Radiation Oncology Center, Walnut Enviromed Health Services, Inc. Creek, California Fredrick J. Stare, Ph.D., M.D. Harvard School of Public Health John E. Dodes, D.D.S. Roger P. Maickel, Ph.D. National Council Against Health Purdue University James H. Steele, D.V.M., M.P.H. Fraud (New York Chapter) The University of Texas, Houston Dade W. Moeller, Ph.D. J. Gordon Edwards, Ph.D. Harvard University Fredric M. Steinberg, M.D., M.B.A. San Jose State University Georgia Baptist Medical Center John W. Morgan, Dr.P.H. Madelon Lubin Finkel, Ph.D. Loma Linda University Elizabeth M. Whelan, Sc.D., M.P.H. Cornell University Medical College American Council on Science and Stephen J. Moss, D.D.S., M.S. Health F. J. Francis, Ph.D. New York University University of Massachusetts Robert J. White, M.D., Ph.D. Ian C. Munro, Ph.D., FRCPath Case Western Reserve University Ronald E. Gots, M.D., Ph.D. CanTox Inc. International Center for Toxicology Christopher F. Wilkinson, Ph.D. and Medicine John S. Neuberger, Dr.P.H. Jellinek, Schwartz and Connolly, Inc. University of Kansas School of Michael Gough, Ph.D. Medicine James J. Worman, Ph.D. Cato Institute Rochester Institute of Technology Albert G. Nickel Lyons Lavey Nickel Swift, Inc. F ACTS VERSUS FEARS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 5 1. The ‘Cranberry Scare’ of 1959 . 6 2. DDT, 1962 . 7 3. Cyclamates, 1969 . 11 4. DES in Beef, 1972 . 13 5. Nitrites, 1972 . 14 6. Red Dye Number 2, 1976 . 16 7. Saccharin, 1977 . 18 8. Hair Dyes, 1977 . 20 9. Tris, 1977 . 21 10. Love Canal, 1978 . 22 11. Three Mile Island, 1979 . 24 12. Asbestos in Hair Dryers, 1979 . 27 13. 2,4,5-T, 1979 . 28 14. Coffee and Pancreatic Cancer, 1981 . 29 15. Times Beach, 1982 . 30 16. EDB, 1983 . 32 17. Alar, 1989 . 33 18. Electric Blankets, 1989 . 35 19. Video Display Terminals, 1989 . 37 20. Benzene in Perrier, 1990 . 40 21. Amalgam Dental Fillings, 1990 . 41 22. Asbestos in Schools, 1993 . 43 23. Cellular Phones, 1993 . 44 24. Perchloroethylene in a Harlem School, 1997 . 46 25. Not-Quite-Great Unfounded Health Scares . 48 Conclusions . 51 F ACTS VERSUS FEARS 5 Introduction rather than the natural plagues that claimed so many lives in the past. Often initiated by “environmental” or H. L. Mencken once said that “the whole aim of “consumer” organizations and fueled by modern mass practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and media, these scares emerged at a time when Americans hence clamorous to be led to safety), by menacing it enjoyed better health, an ever-increasing life span, a with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imagi- higher standard of living, and a greater scientific under- nary.” standing of the causes of human death and disease. Unfounded health scares for instance. As you read this report, you will see common Since its founding in 1978 the American Council themes and patterns emerge in the accounts of the on Science and Health has been dedicated to separating scares: real, proven health risks—such as cigarettes—from unfounded health “scares” based on questionable, hypo- • The indiscriminate presumption that the results of thetical, or even nonexistent scientific evidence. This laboratory tests involving rodents force-fed (usu- report summarizes the most noteworthy scares of the ally via stomach tubes) huge doses of a given sub- past half century. stance can be extrapolated to show that the tested In each case we review the charges made against substance causes cancer in humans. a given product or substance—or even against an entire community. We discuss the basis for the charges, the • Ignorance of the basic principle of toxicology, reactions of the public and the media, and the actual “The dose makes the poison,” as consumers fret facts as to what risk (if any) ever existed. Where applic- over the presence of even a single molecule of a able, we give an update on what the latest and most substance that is not hazardous to humans unless credible scientific studies have to say on each topic. The it is consumed in large amounts. scares are presented in chronological order, arranged according to the year in which each became a major • The acceptance—implicit or explicit—of the public issue. United Nations–conceived “precautionary princi- We have chosen these scares because each ple,” which states, “where there are threats of received widespread public attention in its day—and serious or irreversible environmental damage, each followed its own course to closure in terms of pub- lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as lic and regulatory response. For the same reason we a reason for postponing cost-effective measures have decided not to discuss certain current scares, such to prevent degradation.”1 In other words, all that as the furor over breast implants, for which the final matters is whether a substance or a technology chapter has yet to be written. Some of the scares exam- may do harm. If the risk of harm cannot be ruled ined here led to products or substances being banned. out, then the risky product or activity should not Some led to financial and economic disasters for the be permitted. producers and processors of the falsely accused prod- ucts. In other cases, after an initial panic, consumers • The fear of “synthetic” chemicals, even when shrugged off their fears. some of those same substances exist abundantly, It is interesting to note that the decisions to ban without causing harm, in nature. or to forget generally depended not on the relative mag- nitude of the risk but on the perceived role the products These themes and patterns were all present in the in question played in consumers’ daily lives. In some first of our scares, the infamous “cranberry scare” of cases a very small risk was exaggerated, or the risk was 1959. And they continued to pop up in almost every not compared with the benefits to be derived from the scare of the next three decades, reaching their zenith substance in question. In other cases the available evi- with the great Alar scare of 1989. dence showed no risk to human health, and the people The response to scares in the post-Alar era has making the charges knew—or should have known—this been more muted. This may be due to public “overload” all along. and to growing skepticism in the face of regular front- Widespread public fears and concerns over mat- page health warnings, such as the Center for Science in ters of health and safety are not new to our era, of the Public Interest’s periodic admonitions against course. But what makes these particular scares unique Chinese food, movie-theater popcorn, and other popular in comparison with the panics of earlier times is that gustatory diversions. these specifically involved the products of technology, The purpose of this report is not, of course, mere- 6 F ACTS VERSUS FEARS ly to reflect on modern society’s propensity to fear the in cranberry bogs to postharvest use.1 No residues were unfamiliar.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies
    Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms
    Glossary of Terms Acceptable Daily Intake or Allowed Daily Intake (ADI) → Dose- Response Relationship/Curve Allergen The allergen is a material which triggers an allergic reaction. Allopathy The term allopathy was created by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (1755– 1843) (from the Greek prefix άλλος, állos, “other”, “different” and the suffix πάϑος, páthos, “suffering”) in order to distinguish his technique (homeopathy) from the traditional medicine of his age. Today, allopathy means a medicine based on the principles of modern pharmacology. Anaphylactic shock Anaphylaxis (or an anaphylactic shock) is a whole-body, rapidly developing aller- gic reaction, which may lead to lethal respiratory and circulatory failure. Antibody Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize exogenous (external) substances. Chromatography, chromatogram Chromatography is the common name of different techniques used to separate mix- tures of compounds. HPLC stands for high-performance liquid chromatography. A chromatogram is the pattern of separated substances obtained by chromatography. Colloidal sol A colloidal sol is a suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Colloidal sols are quite stable and show the Tyndall effect (light scatter- ing by particles in a colloid). They can be quite stable. Examples include blood, pigmented ink, and paint. Colloidal sols can change their viscosity quickly if they © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 311 L. Kovács et al., 100 Chemical Myths, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08419-0 312 Glossary of Terms are thixotropic. Examples include quicksand and paint, both of which become more fluid under pressure. Concentrations: parts per notations In British/American practice, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to de- scribe concentrations smaller than thousandths: 1 ppm (parts per million, 10−6 parts) One out of 1 million, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Fruit Juices and Drinks of Ascorbic Acid Content
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1969 Analysis of Fruit Juices and Drinks of Ascorbic Acid Content Anna Man-saw Liu Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Liu, Anna Man-saw, "Analysis of Fruit Juices and Drinks of Ascorbic Acid Content" (1969). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4851. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4851 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANALYSTS OF FRUIT JUICES AND DRINKS OF ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT by Anna Man-saw Liu A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Food and Nutrition UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY• Logan,1969 Utah ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere appreciation is expressed to Dr. Ethelwyn B. Wilcox, Head of the Food and Nutrition Department, for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Many thanks to Mrs. Ruth E. Wheeler, Assistant Professor of Food and Nutrition, for her able guidance on this research. Appreciation is also expressed to Dr. Harris 0 . Van Orden , Professor of Chemistry, for his many helpful suggestions and for serv­ ing as a committee member . Also sincere gratefulness to Dr . Deloy G. Hendricks, Assistant Professor of Food and Nutrition, for his many helps during the experimental procedures. The author wishes to express her gratitude to her husband , Mr .
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Myeloma Disrupts the TRANCE Osteoprotegerin
    Multiple myeloma disrupts the TRANCE͞ osteoprotegerin cytokine axis to trigger bone destruction and promote tumor progression Roger N. Pearse*†, Emilia M. Sordillo‡, Shmuel Yaccoby§, Brian R. Wong¶, Deng F. Liau‡, Neville Colman‡, Joseph Michaeliʈ, Joshua Epstein§, and Yongwon Choi¶** Laboratories of *Molecular Genetics and ¶Immunology, and **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025; §Myeloma Research Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205; and ʈMyeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 Communicated by Robert A. Good, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, July 27, 2001 (received for review January 9, 2001) Bone destruction, caused by aberrant production and activation of exhibit profound osteoporosis as a consequence of unopposed osteoclasts, is a prominent feature of multiple myeloma. We TRANCE activity (9). In addition, mice deficient in either demonstrate that myeloma stimulates osteoclastogenesis by trig- TRANCE or receptor activator of NF-␬B (RANK) exhibit gering a coordinated increase in the tumor necrosis factor-related defective lymph node organogenesis and early B cell develop- activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) and decrease in its decoy ment (7, 10). However, the role of TRANCE and RANK in receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Immunohistochemistry and in plasma cell differentiation and survival has not been evaluated. situ hybridization studies of bone marrow specimens indicate that We present evidence that MM disrupts the balance between in vivo, deregulation of the TRANCE–OPG cytokine axis occurs in TRANCE and its inhibitor, OPG.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Biotechnology 2008
    guide to biotechnology 2008 research & development health bioethics innovate industrial & environmental food & agriculture biodefense Biotechnology Industry Organization 1201 Maryland Avenue, SW imagine Suite 900 Washington, DC 20024 intellectual property 202.962.9200 (phone) 202.488.6301 (fax) bio.org inform bio.org The Guide to Biotechnology is compiled by the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) Editors Roxanna Guilford-Blake Debbie Strickland Contributors BIO Staff table of Contents Biotechnology: A Collection of Technologies 1 Regenerative Medicine ................................................. 36 What Is Biotechnology? .................................................. 1 Vaccines ....................................................................... 37 Cells and Biological Molecules ........................................ 1 Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals ........................................ 37 Therapeutic Development Overview .............................. 38 Biotechnology Industry Facts 2 Market Capitalization, 1994–2006 .................................. 3 Agricultural Production Applications 41 U.S. Biotech Industry Statistics: 1995–2006 ................... 3 Crop Biotechnology ...................................................... 41 U.S. Public Companies by Region, 2006 ........................ 4 Forest Biotechnology .................................................... 44 Total Financing, 1998–2007 (in billions of U.S. dollars) .... 4 Animal Biotechnology ................................................... 45 Biotech
    [Show full text]
  • Preservation, Utilization and Properties of Cranberry Juice Cecil Curtis Rice University of Massachusetts Amherst
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1932 Preservation, utilization and properties of cranberry juice Cecil Curtis Rice University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Rice, Cecil Curtis, "Preservation, utilization and properties of cranberry juice" (1932). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1906. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1906 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 DATE DUE l I M UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY PHYS S C LD 3234 M268 1932 R495 phys ical Sc ience Thes is PRESERVATION, UTILIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF CRANBERPY JUICE Cecil Curtis Rice Thesis submitted for the degree of Uastpr of Science MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE, AMHERST June 1, 1932 3 History of the Cranberry Industry The wild native cranberry, Vac c In inn ciacrocirpum . was found growing in America when the first colonists came to this country. The colonists used the wild cranberries in much the same way as they are used in modern times. These berries were smaller and more acid than the improved varieties of berries grown today. There are still many small areas producing the old wild type of berry. These wild berries do not bring as high prices as the improved varieties. 1'any of these wild berries come under the cranberry trade classification of "pie berries", small dark berries which are ordinarily not retailed, but are used largely for manufactured cranberry products.
    [Show full text]
  • Cranberry
    Give Your Family More of the Good Stuff! Cranberry Basics $hop and $ave erries are a good so Types of < Look for cranberries that anb urce Cr range in color from light to dark of vitamin C. Cranberries red and are plump, glossy, and Fresh cranberries are firm. White berries mixed in bland but tart. with the red do not need to be They are generally discarded. They are mature and added to recipes, not have a milder flavor. eaten alone. They are also < Avoid berries that are available as frozen berries. shriveled, soft or decaying. •Red cranberries – deep red color is desirable; ta rtness < Fresh cranberries are develops as the color deepens. available from October through White cranberries early January. • – harvested for juice rather than < Dried cranberries are often sold fresh. available in bulk food sections. They might be less expensive Cranberry products and you can buy small that are available all amounts. year include: cranberry juice < Frozen cranberries are and juice blends, available all year. Or buy fresh canned cranberry cranberries when they are in sauce, dried season and freeze your own. and cranberries . These processed cranberry products usually I Fresh cranberries can be frozen have added ore We and stored for up to 1 year. Freeze in sugar. Dried St ll the original plastic packaging as cranberries can be purchased or transfer to freezer bags found without added sugar. aste Less for longer protection. They do not W need to be thawed before using. I Store fresh cranberries in their original packaging or a tightly sealed plastic bag for up to 2 months in a 12-ounce bag of refrigerator crisper.
    [Show full text]
  • Vodka + + Gin + + Tequila + + Rum + + Whiskey + + Martinis
    + VODKA + CRAZY UNCLE JOE COLLINS 12 kettle 1 vodka - Elderflower syrup - cranberry juice - soda BAY BREEZE 11 house vodka - cranberry juice - pineapple juice SEA BREEZE 11 + MARTINIS + house vodka - cranberry juice - grapefruit juice COSMOPOLITAN 13 SEX ON THE BEACH 11 kettle 1 - cointreau - lime juice - splash of cranberry juice house vodka - peach schnapps - orange juice - pineapple juice - cranberry juice METROPOLITAN 12 + GIN + house vodka - framboise liqueur - cranberry juice - orange juice ROSEMARY SALTY DOG 11 APPLE ORCHARD-TINI 12 house gin - grapefruit juice - rosemary syrup house vodka - apple schnapps - lemon juice - pomegranate juice ORANGE BLOSSOM 12 POM POM-A-TINI 13 house gin - triple sec - orange juice - pineapple juice kettle 1 - pomegranate juice - lemon juice SANDY BEACH 12 LEMON DROP 13 gin - white rum - pineapple juice kettle 1 - fresh lemon juice - simple syrup - sugared rim + TEQUILA + FLIRTINI 11 OCO-RITA 12 house vodka - champagne - pineapple juice hornitos reposado - triple sec - lime juice - sweet & sour YES PLEASE-A-TINI 14 SILVER COIN 14 grey goose - peach schnapps - cranberry juice - sugared rim herradura silver – cointreau - fresh lime - float of grand manier I WISH I WAS IN CYPRUS (brandy sour) 13 SKINNY MARGARITA 11 brandy - fresh squeezed lemon - touch of simple syrup house tequila - fresh squeezed lime - freshies lite - splash of soda water + MULES + MEZCAL-RITA 12 mezcal - triple sec - sweet & sour - lime juice MOSCOW MULE 12 tito’s - fresh squeezed lime juice - ginger beer + RUM + PEACH WHISKEY MULE
    [Show full text]
  • Benefits of Cranberry
    Benefits of Cranberry: High in Vitamin C—1 serving of Ocean Spray Cranberry Liquid Concentrate contains 100% Vitamin C Rich in antioxidants– these help the body fight harmful free radicals Heart Health– studies from the American Chemical Society & European Journal of Nutrition have shown that 2 cups of cranberry juice a day have increased LDL cholesterol levels (the good kind!) and may prevent hardening of the arteries. Urinary Tract Health– studies from the American Chemical Society have shown a correlation between cranberry juice consumption and prevention of urinary tract infections. What to do with Cranberry Liquid Concentrate: -Add 11.5 oz (one bottle) to 46 fl oz. of water to create a cranberry juice drink. -Create a marinade or glaze for chicken or other meats. -Create a cranberry balsamic vinaigrette dressing for salads. -White sugar substitute: 1 cup of white sugar —> 3/4 cup concentrate Got Cranberry Liquid Concentrate? We do on our TEFAP menu! Cranberry-Orange Glaze (used for chicken, turkey, ham, etc.) Yields: 1 ¼ cups Retrieved from: http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/giada-de-laurentiis/cranberry-orange-glazed- turkey-recipe.html Ingredients: 1 tablespoon butter 1/2 cup cranberry juice cocktail concentrate 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt 1/2 cup frozen orange juice concentrate, thawed 1/8 teaspoon freshly ground 1/4 cup orange marmalade black pepper 1 1/4 teaspoons chopped fresh rosemary Directions: In a small saucepan, bring the cranberry juice, orange juice, marmalade and rosemary to a boil over medium-high heat. Boil until the glaze thickens enough to coat a spoon, whisking often, 15 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 1991-04: Vol 11 Iss 4
    ISSN: 1043-3546 pyp 91/^7 XEROX UNIV MICROFILMS S.2i. Lincoln W.,. Am... I. Vol • 11 • No. 4 • Pages 177-244 ANN ARBOR, MI 48106 SANITATION APRIL 1991 -♦c' A Publication of the International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. Please circle No. 170 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting Q, A, MicroKit™ The Microbiology Laboratory in a SPECIAL Tube Q. A. MICROKIT At last, a Micro Test That Is: OFFER / Easy to Use / Economical FROM INTEGRATED / Convenient / Reliable BIOSOLUTIONS Q. A. MicroKit uses the proven technique of gellified plating media presented Stop by our in a convenient configuration which has been designed to meet the ‘needs’ of Exhibit at the 1991 lAMFES today's busy laboratory. Carefully modified media has been affixed onto a hinged Annual Meeting plastic dipslide to ensure effective contact of the slide to both flat and curved surfaces, as well as liquid samples. (Please Separate Before Mailing) Yes, I want to try Q.A. MicroKit at the special introductory price of $25.00 (regular price @ $39.95), plus shipping, for a box of twenty (20) slides. Please send the catalog nuinber(s) I have indicated to : _Date!_ Name (please type or print) Company Name Address PO tt_Phone#_ Please indicate desired kits (limit two (2) boxes/customer): Quantity Quantity _#8971 Total Count _#8974 Yeast and Mold _#8972 Conform _#8975 Total Count/Yeast and Mold Exhibit at the 1991 lAMFES _#8973 Total Count/Coliform Annual Meeting Q. A. MicroKit™ Easy to Use Simply press onto the working surface, dip into fluids or transfer from a con¬ ventional swab, and read by comparison with a specially provided density chart.
    [Show full text]
  • Make an Ordinary Cocktail... Extraordinary
    MAKE AN ORDINARY COCKTAIL... EXTRAORDINARY Figenza has become known as the “Mixologist’s Best Friend” due to its versatility as both a unique stand-alone cocktail and as a key ingredient in classic cocktail recipes. MEDITERRANEAN MULE FIG BLOSSOM POM & FIG MARTINI - 3 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 2 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 2 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 1 oz. Fresh Lime Juice - 1 oz. Grapefruit Juice - 1 oz. Sweet Vermouth - Top with Ginger Beer - ¼ oz. Elderflower Liqueur - 1 oz. Pomegranate Juice Serve on the rocks, in a copper mug. Shake well and serve Shake well and serve straight up. straight up. Garnish with a lime. THE MORIMOTO SUN KISS THE BUTTERFLY (Featured on Iron Chef America) - 3 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 2 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 3 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - Muddled Oranges - ½ oz. Elderflower Liqueur - 1 ½ oz. Sake - Splash of Club Soda - 1 oz. Pomegranate Juice - ½ oz. Lime Juice Serve on the rocks. - 1 oz. Fresh Lemon Juice Shake well and serve straight up. - Splash of Sparkling Wine Shake well and serve straight up. Garnish with a lemon. CIGAR BOX SNOW WHITE COSMO - 2 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - 2 oz. Figenza Fig Vodka THE RED SI - 1 oz. Bourbon - 1 oz. White Cranberry Juice - 2 Dashes Plum Bitters - ½ oz. Elderflower Liqueur - 1 ½ oz. Figenza Fig Vodka - Muddled Mint - 1 oz. Fresh Lime Juice - 1 oz. Blood Orange Juice - ½ tsp. Sugar Shake well and serve straight up. - Top with Sparkling Wine - Top with Soda Serve in a Champagne flute Serve on the rocks. and garnish with a blood orange slice.
    [Show full text]
  • When a Crop Becomes King Michael Pollan Page 31
    + RE + RE RECLAIM RADICAL INTERVEN- + TIONS TRANSFORMING URBAN ECOLOGIES Edited & Designed by Roman Jaster RECOVER Special thanks to Gail Swanlund, Kristen Coogan, Florencio Zavala, Fritz Haeg and Lisa Tucker Set in Brothers, Goudy Sans, Foundry Form Serif California Institute of the Arts September 2006 – May 2007 PROJECTS ESSAYS > LAND USE 1 Wheatfield—A Confrontation: Battery Park LandfillAgnes Danes page 13 When a Crop Becomes King Michael Pollan page 31 2 Not a Cornfield Lauren Bon page 18 New Foundlands George Pendle page 34 3 Land N55 page 24 > MOBILITY 4 Pyöräpartio Cycle Patrol page 41 Bikes, Death and Sacrifice: A Short Story of my Night and Critical Mass Onto page 51 5 Aqua Line Heavy Trash page 46 Blocking All Lanes Sean Dockray, Steve Rowell & Fiona Whitton page 54 > FOOD 6 Public Fruit Fallen Fruit page 63 What’s for Dinner? Michael Pollan page 75 Top of the Food Chain T. C. Boyle page 78 7 Edible Estates Garden Lab page 70 What did you eat and when did you know it? Claire Pentecost page 83 > WASTE 8 The Social Mirror Mierle Laderman Ukeles page 93 The Worm That Earned Douglas Fox page 115 9 Revival Field Mel Chin page 98 Leftovers Mierle Laderman Ukeles page 119 10 Soil Factory N55 page 104 Imagine Earth Without People Bob Holmes page 123 11 Vertical Landscapes Buster Simpson page 111 > PUBLIC SPACE 12 Breaking into Battery Park City After Curfew Nils Norman page 131 The High Cost of Free Parking Ryan Mcgreal page 155 13 PARK(ing) Day Rebar page 134 Who Owns History? David Womack page 158 14 Dachgärten für Alle Roofgardens
    [Show full text]