DOCSLIB.ORG

Arctic Expedition 2002

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arctic Expedition 2002 Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2002 NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF OCEAN EXPLORATION NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION "…to make known the world of water, both fresh and salt." THE NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION brings together those THE JOURNAL OF MARINE EDUCATION interested in the study and enjoyment of the world of water. Affiliated with Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 the National Science Teachers Association, NMEA includes professionals with backgrounds in education, science, business, government, museums, aquariums, LISA M. TOOKER, Managing Editor and marine research, among others. Members receive Current: The Journal of PAULA KEENER-CHAVIS AND VALERIE CHASE, Marine Education, NMEA News, and discounts at annual conferences. Issue Editors CHRISTINA RIVERS, Design Membership information is available from: NMEA, P.O. Box 1470, Ocean Springs, MS 39566-1470, (228) 374-7557, email: [email protected], or visit EDITORIAL BOARD our website online at www.marine-ed.org/. VICKI CLARK Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences NMEA OFFICERS NAOMI THOMPSON Georgia Association of Marine Virginia Sea Grant PRESIDENT 2003-2004 Education (GAME) Jean May-Brett email: [email protected] DRU CLARKE Louisiana Public Broadcasting College of Education, Program Assistant RACHEL GROSS PRESIDENT ELECT 2003-2004 Great Lakes Eductors of Aquatic and Kansas State University Rita Bell Marine Science (GLEAMS) Monterey Bay Aquarium email: [email protected] ELIZABETH DAY NOAA, National Sea Grant College Program PAST-PRESIDENT 2003-2004 LAURA LUBELCZYK Wendy Allen Gulf of Maine Marine Education JOHN DINDO North Inlet-Winyah Bay Association (GOMMEA) National Estuarine Research Reserve email: [email protected] Chairman of Discovery Hall Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab TREASURER 2003-2005 BETH JEWELL Don Hudson Mid-Atlantic Marine Educators BILL HASTIE The Chewonki Foundation Association (MAMEA) Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds email: [email protected] SECRETARY 2002-2004 Governor’s Natural Resources Office, Oregon Terri Kirby Hathaway LINDA MCINTOSH North Carolina Aquarium Massachusetts Marine Educators (MME) DAVID NIEBUHR on Roanoke Island email: [email protected] Biology Department NMEA NATIONAL OFFICE: PAT WILLIAMS Salem State College Northwest Aquatic and Marine MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Educators (NAME) SHARON WALKER Sharon Walker email: [email protected] College of Science and Technology College of Science and Technology The University of Southern Mississippi- ERIC SIMMS The University of Southern Mississippi- J.L. Scott Marine Education Center New Jersey Marine Educators J. L. Scott Marine Education Center & Aquarium Association (NJMEA) & Aquarium email: [email protected] ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Current is published up to four times a year for Johnette Bosarge HUGO FREUDENTHAL The University of Southern Mississippi New York State Marine Educators members of the National Marine Educators Association (NYSMEA) Association. Library subscriptions to Current are CURRENT EDITOR email: [email protected] Lisa Tooker available for $40 a year. Individual copies are available MARY GULLICKSON from the editors for $5 plus $1.25 postage. NMEA BOARD OF DIRECTORS OCEANIA BETH DAY, 2001-2004 email: [email protected] Editorial and advertising offices: NMEA, c/o Johnette Bosarge, P.O. Box 1470, Ocean Springs, MS 39566- National Sea Grant College Program WILLIE HEARD 1470 ELAINE MCCLURE, 2003-2006 Southern Association of Marine Pickney Elementary School Educators (SAME) email: [email protected] © 2003 by Current: The Journal of Marine Education SARAH SCHOEDINGER, 2002-2005 (ISSN 0889-5546). Publication of the National CORE CARMELINA LIVINGSTON South Carolina Marine Educators Marine Educators Association. The opinions MARYELLEN TIMMONS, 2003-2006 Association (SCMEA) expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect those UGA Marine Education Center email: [email protected] of NMEA. & Aquarium CATHI LEPORE THAXTER TEWKSBURY, 2001-2004 Southern New England Marine Permission is granted by NMEA for libraries and other Project Oceanology Educators (SENEME) users to make reprographic copies for their own or email: [email protected] their client’s personal or non-commercial use. RICK TINNIN, 2002-2005 University of Texas Marine JOY WOLF This permission does not extend to copying for Science Institute Southwest Marine Educators advertising or promotional purposes, creating new Association (SWMEA) collective works, resale, or any material not HOWARD WALTERS, 2003-2004 email: [email protected] copyrighted to the NMEA. For more information, write LYNN WHITLEY, 2002-2005 COURTNEY KROLL Hancock Institute for Marine Studies to the editor at Current: The Journal of Marine Tennessee Educators of Aquatic and Education, c/o Johnette Bosarge, P.O. Box 1470, GENE WILLIAMSON, 2003-2006 Marine Science (TEAMS) email: [email protected] Ocean Springs, MS, 39566-1470; or visit us online at www.marine-ed.org/. NMEA CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Pam Stryker STEVE PIONTEH Texas Marine Educators Cover Images: Ian MacDonald, Texas A&M (top row, Association (TMEA) Caribbean and Western Atlantic left & bottom row, 3rd from left & middle); Emory (CARIBWA) email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Kristof, National Geographic Society (top row, 2nd from left & top row right); Rolf Gradinger (top row, 3rd from LEX WATERS left); Casey Debenham (bottom row, left); Kevin Florida Marine Science Educators Association (FMSEA) Raskoff, MBARI (bottom row, right); Courtesy of email: [email protected] NOAA/Office of Exploration (bottom row, 2nd from left) THE JOURNAL OF MARINE EDUCATION Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 CURRENT LOG Through the Arctic Expedition in the summer 2002, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had a unique opportunity to reach out in new ways to educators, students, and the general public and share the excitement of daily at-sea discoveries–and the science behind this major ocean exploration initiative with people around the world. Since the Arctic Ocean is the world’s least explored ocean, the Arctic Expedition held great potential for generating exciting outreach and educational opportunities, as an international team of 50 scientists from the United States, Canada, China, and Japan explored the frigid depths of the Canada Basin. Due to the region's heavy year-round ice cover, this expedition was the first one of its kind. With the aid of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), specially designed to operate under ice and at great depth, scientists examined the hidden world of life in these extreme conditions. From intricate microscopic organisms found in the brine channels that run through the ice to the creatures that make the sea bottom their home, the science team studied the relationships between pelagic and benthic communities. In this issue of Current, we present the science and education behind exploring one of Earth’s most unknown ocean regions…the frigid, frozen, and very beautiful Arctic Ocean. PAULA KEENER-CHAVIS Paula Keener-Chavis is the National Education Coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) Office of Ocean Exploration. She has conducted extensive marine fisheries research off the Southeastern coast of the U.S. and research off Belize, Central America, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution. She has published scientific articles on her research and writes articles for a variety of publications. She is senior author of Of Sand and Sea...Teachings From the South Carolina Shoreline. Keener-Chavis served as a member of The President’s Panel on Ocean Exploration. She also served as a member of the Steering Committee for the Center for Ocean Science Education Excellence (COSEE) sponsored by the National Science Foundation. She represents the Office of Ocean Exploration on the NOAA Education Council. She recently served as a member of the National Academies Committee on Exploration of the Seas. She is a Past- President of the NMEA (2000-2001). She works with scientists and educators to produce lesson plans and Professional Development Institutes for NOAA’s Ocean Exploration Expeditions and heads up the education initiatives for NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration. DR. VALERIE CHASE Dr. Valerie Chase is a consultant for formal and informal marine education. She recently retired as Director of Education at the National Aquarium in Baltimore (NAIB), after almost 23 years in program and curriculum design, teacher education, and exhibits at all levels. Trained as an ecologist, she switched from college professor to informal educator in 1980 and has published both scientific and educational research papers. She is the editor and first author of Living in Water: An Aquatic Science Curriculum for Grades 5-7. Her special projects have received funding from the National Science Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes while at NAIB. CONTENTS 13 Physical Nutrients and 26 Activity: Let’s Get to the Bottom of Primary Productivity the Arctic! 2 Foreword BY TERRY WHITELEDGE BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY VALERIE CHASE 15 Introduction to the Ocean Exploration 30 Activity: Would You Like a Sample? 3 Introduction Arctic Ocean Curriculum Unit BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY CAPTAIN CRAIG MCLEAN BY VALERIE CHASE, PH.D. AND MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. 36 Activity: Being Productive in the 4 Exploration of the Canada Basin 2002 Arctic Ocean BY KATHLEEN CRANE, PH.D. 18 Activity: Current Events BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY MEL GOODWIN,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North America Other Continents
    Arctic Ocean Europe North Asia America Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean South Indian America Ocean Oceania Southern Ocean Antarctica LAND & WATER • The surface of the Earth is covered by approximately 71% water and 29% land. • It contains 7 continents and 5 oceans. Land Water EARTH’S HEMISPHERES • The planet Earth can be divided into four different sections or hemispheres. The Equator is an imaginary horizontal line (latitude) that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres, while the Prime Meridian is the imaginary vertical line (longitude) that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western hemispheres. • North America, Earth’s 3rd largest continent, includes 23 countries. It contains Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, the United States of America, all Caribbean and Central America countries, as well as Greenland, which is the world’s largest island. North West East LOCATION South • The continent of North America is located in both the Northern and Western hemispheres. It is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and by the Pacific Ocean in the west. • It measures 24,256,000 sq. km and takes up a little more than 16% of the land on Earth. North America 16% Other Continents 84% • North America has an approximate population of almost 529 million people, which is about 8% of the World’s total population. 92% 8% North America Other Continents • The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of Earth’s Oceans. It covers about 15% of the Earth’s total surface area and approximately 21% of its water surface area.
    [Show full text]
  • New Siberian Islands Archipelago)
    Detrital zircon ages and provenance of the Upper Paleozoic successions of Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Islands archipelago) Victoria B. Ershova1,*, Andrei V. Prokopiev2, Andrei K. Khudoley1, Nikolay N. Sobolev3, and Eugeny O. Petrov3 1INSTITUTE OF EARTH SCIENCE, ST. PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITETSKAYA NAB. 7/9, ST. PETERSBURG 199034, RUSSIA 2DIAMOND AND PRECIOUS METAL GEOLOGY INSTITUTE, SIBERIAN BRANCH, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, LENIN PROSPECT 39, YAKUTSK 677980, RUSSIA 3RUSSIAN GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VSEGEI), SREDNIY PROSPECT 74, ST. PETERSBURG 199106, RUSSIA ABSTRACT Plate-tectonic models for the Paleozoic evolution of the Arctic are numerous and diverse. Our detrital zircon provenance study of Upper Paleozoic sandstones from Kotel’ny Island (New Siberian Island archipelago) provides new data on the provenance of clastic sediments and crustal affinity of the New Siberian Islands. Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous deposits yield detrital zircon populations that are consistent with the age of magmatic and metamorphic rocks within the Grenvillian-Sveconorwegian, Timanian, and Caledonian orogenic belts, but not with the Siberian craton. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test reveals a strong similarity between detrital zircon populations within Devonian–Permian clastics of the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island (and possibly Chukotka), and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. These results suggest that the New Siberian Islands, along with Wrangel Island and the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, were located along the northern margin of Laurentia-Baltica in the Late Devonian–Mississippian and possibly made up a single tectonic block. Detrital zircon populations from the Permian clastics record a dramatic shift to a Uralian provenance. The data and results presented here provide vital information to aid Paleozoic tectonic reconstructions of the Arctic region prior to opening of the Mesozoic oceanic basins.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eu and the Arctic
    MAGAZINE Dealing the Seal 8 No. 1 Piloting Arctic Passages 14 2016 THE CIRCLE The EU & Indigenous Peoples 20 THE EU AND THE ARCTIC PUBLISHED BY THE WWF GLOBAL ARCTIC PROGRAMME TheCircle0116.indd 1 25.02.2016 10.53 THE CIRCLE 1.2016 THE EU AND THE ARCTIC Contents EDITORIAL Leaving a legacy 3 IN BRIEF 4 ALYSON BAILES What does the EU want, what can it offer? 6 DIANA WALLIS Dealing the seal 8 ROBIN TEVERSON ‘High time’ EU gets observer status: UK 10 ADAM STEPIEN A call for a two-tier EU policy 12 MARIA DELIGIANNI Piloting the Arctic Passages 14 TIMO KOIVUROVA Finland: wearing two hats 16 Greenland – walking the middle path 18 FERNANDO GARCES DE LOS FAYOS The European Parliament & EU Arctic policy 19 CHRISTINA HENRIKSEN The EU and Arctic Indigenous peoples 20 NICOLE BIEBOW A driving force: The EU & polar research 22 THE PICTURE 24 The Circle is published quar- Publisher: Editor in Chief: Clive Tesar, COVER: terly by the WWF Global Arctic WWF Global Arctic Programme [email protected] (Top:) Local on sea ice in Uumman- Programme. Reproduction and 8th floor, 275 Slater St., Ottawa, naq, Greenland. quotation with appropriate credit ON, Canada K1P 5H9. Managing Editor: Becky Rynor, Photo: Lawrence Hislop, www.grida.no are encouraged. Articles by non- Tel: +1 613-232-8706 [email protected] (Bottom:) European Parliament, affiliated sources do not neces- Fax: +1 613-232-4181 Strasbourg, France. sarily reflect the views or policies Design and production: Photo: Diliff, Wikimedia Commonss of WWF. Send change of address Internet: www.panda.org/arctic Film & Form/Ketill Berger, and subscription queries to the [email protected] ABOVE: Sarek glacier, Sarek National address on the right.
    [Show full text]
  • ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
    CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Precedents for the Antarctic Treaty Cornelia Lüdecke
    Parallel Precedents for the Antarctic Treaty Cornelia Lüdecke INTRODUCTION Uninhabited and remote regions were claimed by a nation when their eco- nomic, political, or military values were realized. Examples from the North- ern and Southern hemispheres show various approaches on how to treat claims among rivaling states. The archipelago of Svalbard in the High Arctic and Ant- arctica are very good examples for managing uninhabited spaces. Whereas the exploration of Svalbard comprises about 300 years of development, Antarctica was not entered before the end of the nineteenth century. Obviously, it took much more time to settle the ownership of the archipelago in the so-called Sval- bard Treaty of 1920 than to find a solution for Antarctica and the existence of overlapping territorial claims by adopting the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. Why was the development at the southern continent so much faster? What is the es- sential difference between the situations obtaining in the two hemispheres? Was there a transposition of experiences from north to south? And did the Svalbard Treaty help to construct the Antarctic Treaty? Answers to these questions will be given by the analysis of single periods in the history of polar research, scientific networks, and special intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations with concomitant scientific or economic interests that merged in the twentieth century to arrange exploration and exploitation of polar regions on an interna- tional basis. EXPLORATION AND SCIENCE BEFORE WORLD WAR I SVALBARD After the era of whaling around the archipelago of Svalbard, the Norwe- gians were the only ones to exploit the area economically, including fishing, Cornelia Lüdecke, SCAR History Action since the 1850s, whereas Swedish expeditions starting in the same decade were Group, Fernpaßstraße 3, D- 81373 Munich, the first to explore the interior of the islands (Liljequist, 1993; Holland, 1994; Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • The EU Arctic Cluster Implementing the European Arctic Policy and Fostering International Cooperation
    The EU Arctic Cluster Implementing the European Arctic Policy and fostering international cooperation www.eu-arcticcluster.eu Photo: Steffen Olsen Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic 3 priority areas 1. Climate change and safeguarding the Arctic Environment 2. Sustainable Development in and around the Arctic 3. International Cooperation on Arctic Issues. Why is the EU funding Arctic research? • Global consequences and risks of Arctic change. • Mitigation and adaptation strategies in the Arctic are part of the EU's efforts to combat climate change and to implement the Paris Agreement. • Contribution to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). “Spending in Arctic research • Development of appropriate policies, including those and relating to climate change and sustainable development. observations is not a cost but an investment that generates benefits.” Andrea Tilche, European Commission Photo: SPRS Photo: Witold Kaszkin Photo: IPEV The EU Arctic Cluster EU-PolarNet Connecting Science with Society Is the world’s largest consortium of expertise and infrastructure for polar research with the ambition to co-design a strategic framework to prioritise science, advice the European Commission on polar issues, optimise the use of polar infrastructure, and broker international partnerships. 17 European countries 22 consortium members 25 cooperation partners Coordinator: AWI, Germany Duration: 03.2015 – 02.2020 Budget: 2.2 Mio Euro www.eu-polarnet.eu Photo: AWI INTAROS Integrated Arctic Observation System Climate gas fluxes in Alaska and Siberia Will develop an integrated Arctic Oceanography Sea ice data from buoys Observation System by extending, and acoustics in in the Central Arctic improving and unifying existing the Beaufort Sea Soil carbon and systems in the different regions of the snow data from tundra in Canada Arctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of Persistent Arctic Warming Continue to Mount
    Arctic Report Card 2018 Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue to mount 2018 Headlines 2018 Headlines Video Executive Summary Effects of persistent Arctic warming continue Contacts to mount Vital Signs Surface Air Temperature Continued warming of the Arctic atmosphere Terrestrial Snow Cover and ocean are driving broad change in the Greenland Ice Sheet environmental system in predicted and, also, Sea Ice unexpected ways. New emerging threats Sea Surface Temperature are taking form and highlighting the level of Arctic Ocean Primary uncertainty in the breadth of environmental Productivity change that is to come. Tundra Greenness Other Indicators River Discharge Highlights Lake Ice • Surface air temperatures in the Arctic continued to warm at twice the rate relative to the rest of the globe. Arc- Migratory Tundra Caribou tic air temperatures for the past five years (2014-18) have exceeded all previous records since 1900. and Wild Reindeer • In the terrestrial system, atmospheric warming continued to drive broad, long-term trends in declining Frostbites terrestrial snow cover, melting of theGreenland Ice Sheet and lake ice, increasing summertime Arcticriver discharge, and the expansion and greening of Arctic tundravegetation . Clarity and Clouds • Despite increase of vegetation available for grazing, herd populations of caribou and wild reindeer across the Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arctic tundra have declined by nearly 50% over the last two decades. Arctic • In 2018 Arcticsea ice remained younger, thinner, and covered less area than in the past. The 12 lowest extents in Microplastics in the Marine the satellite record have occurred in the last 12 years. Realms of the Arctic • Pan-Arctic observations suggest a long-term decline in coastal landfast sea ice since measurements began in the Landfast Sea Ice in a 1970s, affecting this important platform for hunting, traveling, and coastal protection for local communities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative (AMBI) Work Plan 2015 - 2019
    ACSAO-CA04 Whitehorse / Mar 2015 CAFF: AMBI Work Plan 2015-2019 The Arctic Migratory Bird Initiative (AMBI) Work Plan 2015 - 2019 Table of Contents Introduction and Context ................................................................................................................. 4 Links to other initiatives ............................................................................................................................ 5 Convention on Biological Diversity ................................................................................................................... 6 Convention on Migratory Species ..................................................................................................................... 7 Ramsar .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 World Heritage Convention .............................................................................................................................. 9 The AMBI Flyway workplans .................................................................................................................... 10 Implementation, monitoring and evaluation ............................................................................................ 10 Annex 1. Priority species for AMBI conservation efforts ......................................................................... 12 ARCTIC MIGRATORY BIRDS INITIATIVE (AMBI): WORKPLAN FOR THE ‘EAST ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN
    [Show full text]
  • Us Military Options to Enhance Arctic Defense Timothy Greenhaw, Daniel L
    US MILITARY OPTIONS TO ENHANCE ARCTIC DEFENSE TIMOTHY GREENHAW, DANIEL L. MAGRUDER JR., RODRICK H. MCHATY, AND MICHAEL SINCLAIR MAY 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Despite all the focus on strategic competition in Europe and Asia, one region of the world has at long last begun receiving the attention it warrants from the U.S. military: the Arctic. The Arctic is of unique importance to all Americans. First, the United States is one of just eight sovereign Arctic states — joined by Canada, Denmark (thanks to its autonomous territory Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden — which allows for the exercise of certain sovereign rights in the region and bestows member status in the international Arctic Council.1 China is, of course, notably absent, despite its self-proclaimed (and at best dubious) status as a “near-Arctic” state2 and its observer status on the Arctic Council. Second, the effects of global climate change are increasing access to previously inaccessible Arctic areas and important transit and trade routes. This increased access results in yet another theatre for strategic competition, and thus, it is curious that the Arctic was not mentioned in the Biden administration’s Interim National Security Guidance3 — although it has engaged on Arctic issues around this month’s Arctic Council summit.4 To better elevate Arctic issues to their proper place in strategic dialogue, especially amongst the armed forces, we argue that the U.S. military should prioritize engagement through international, defense-oriented bodies like the Arctic Security Forces Roundtable, redraw geographic combatant command borders to include the Arctic region under NORTHCOM, and continue improving operational relationships with allied and partner nations through joint exercises and training.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction EXPLORATION and SACRIFICE: the CULTURAL
    Introduction EXPLORATION AND SACRIFICE: THE CULTURAL LOGIC OF ARCTIC DISCOVERY Russell A. POTTER Reprinted from The Quest for the Northwest Passage: British Narratives of Arctic Exploration, 1576-1874, edited by Frédéric Regard, © 2013 Pickering & Chatto. The Northwest Passage in nineteenth-century Britain, 1818-1874 Although this collective work can certainly be read as a self-contained book, it may also be considered as a sequel to our first volume, also edited by Frederic Regard, The Quest for the Northwest Passage: Knowledge, Nation, Empire, 1576-1806, published in 2012 by Pickering and Chatto. That volume, dealing with early discovery missions and eighteenth-century innovations (overland expeditions, conducted mainly by men working for the Hudson’s Bay Company), was more historical, insisting in particular on the role of the Northwest Passage in Britain’s imperial project and colonial discourse. As its title indicates, this second volume deals massively with the nineteenth century. This was the period during which the Northwest Passage was finally discovered, and – perhaps more importantly – the period during which the quest reached an unprecedented level of intensity in Britain. In Sir John Barrow’s – the powerful Second Secretary to the Admiralty’s – view of Britain’s military, commercial and spiritual leadership in the world, the Arctic remained indeed the only geographical discovery worthy of the Earth’s most powerful nation. But the Passage had also come to feature an inaccessible ideal, Arctic landscapes and seascapes typifying sublime nature, in particular since Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein (1818). And yet, for all the attention lavished on the myth created by Sir John Franklin’s overland expeditions (1819-1822, 1825-18271) and above all by the one which would cost him his life (1845-1847), very little research has been carried out on the extraordinary Arctic frenzy with which the British Admiralty was seized between 1818, in the wake of the end of the Napoleonic wars, and 1859, which may be considered as the year the quest was ended.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aral Sea Cannot Be Saved, but It Is Possible to Develop a New Tourist Region
    European Journal of Research Development and Sustainability (EJRDS) Available Online at: https://www.scholarzest.com Vol. 2 No. 3, March 2021, ISSN: 2660-5570 THE ARAL SEA CANNOT BE SAVED, BUT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP A NEW TOURIST REGION Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Dilfuza Igamberdievna Abidova, Senior lecturer TSUE, Uzbekistan, assistant Bakhromov Akmal Abduvahid oʻgʻli TSUE Doctoral student Dekhkonov Burkhon Rustamovich TSUE Article history: Abstract: Received: 28th February 2021 There are many different views on the causes of the disappearance of the Aral Accepted: 7th March 2021 sea. The Aral sea, the former is unique, beautiful and one of the largest Published: 30th March 2021 enclosed water in the world, almost during the lifetime of one generation found itself on the verge of extinction, which resulted in an unprecedented disaster and irreparable damage to the livelihoods of the populations, ecosystems and biodiversity of the Aral sea region. Despite the current environmental catastrophe, the Aral Sea tragedy provides the opportunity for a new tourist region Keywords: Central Asian, Aral sea, climatic condition, ecological situation, new tourist region. disaster, ecology, water resources, ecosystem, biodiversity, infrastructure improvement, anthropogenic interference, hydrological regime of rivers, inland water body, climate of the Aral sea region, cyclical nature INTRODUCTION. The Aral sea is one of the largest closed inland brackish water bodies of the globe. Located in the heart of Central Asian deserts at an altitude of 53 m above sea level, the Aral sea acted giant vaporizer. From evaporated and entered the atmosphere about 60 cubic km of water. Before 1960, the Aral sea was the fourth largest lake in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • ARCTIC GOVERNANCE: Understanding the Geopolitics Of
    ARCTIC GOVERNANCE: Understanding the geopolitics of commercial shipping via the Northern Sea Route By HANS-PETTER BJØRKLI Master Thesis Department of Comparative Politics June 2015 Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the implications of the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) with regard to governance in the Arctic. This topic is of importance as Arctic waters are getting bluer, more accessible, exploitable and attractive to investors, both public and private. Thus, numerous states and the international shipping industry are increasingly eyeing the NSR as an alternative trade route between Asia and Europe. However, the Arctic region and the NSR waters’ sovereignty remain unclear. Moreover, an increased density of international merchant vessels in the Arctic Ocean, a military reasserted Russia and the growing influence of China in international politics and trade suggest that the geopolitics of the Arctic may be challenged by the NSR. In this thesis, I have analysed the NSR’s effect on Arctic governance by applying classic theories of International Relations and illuminating the research question with data from expert interviews and a comprehensive document base. The findings indicate that liberalist values triumph realism, and that the NSR therefore does not have the potential to interrupt the current institutionalised and peaceful international political environment of the Arctic. Conversely, there is a possibility that conflicts in other parts of the world may disrupt the prosperity of international shipping via the NSR due to spillover effects. I Acknowledgements I owe my thanks to several people whom have provided me with guidance and motivation in the process of writing this thesis.
    [Show full text]