Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 ARCTIC EXPEDITION 2002 NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF OCEAN EXPLORATION NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION "…to make known the world of water, both fresh and salt." THE NATIONAL MARINE EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION brings together those THE JOURNAL OF MARINE EDUCATION interested in the study and enjoyment of the world of water. Affiliated with Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 the National Science Teachers Association, NMEA includes professionals with backgrounds in education, science, business, government, museums, aquariums, LISA M. TOOKER, Managing Editor and marine research, among others. Members receive Current: The Journal of PAULA KEENER-CHAVIS AND VALERIE CHASE, Marine Education, NMEA News, and discounts at annual conferences. Issue Editors CHRISTINA RIVERS, Design Membership information is available from: NMEA, P.O. Box 1470, Ocean Springs, MS 39566-1470, (228) 374-7557, email: [email protected], or visit EDITORIAL BOARD our website online at www.marine-ed.org/. VICKI CLARK Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences NMEA OFFICERS NAOMI THOMPSON Georgia Association of Marine Virginia Sea Grant PRESIDENT 2003-2004 Education (GAME) Jean May-Brett email: [email protected] DRU CLARKE Louisiana Public Broadcasting College of Education, Program Assistant RACHEL GROSS PRESIDENT ELECT 2003-2004 Great Lakes Eductors of Aquatic and Kansas State University Rita Bell Marine Science (GLEAMS) Monterey Bay Aquarium email: [email protected] ELIZABETH DAY NOAA, National Sea Grant College Program PAST-PRESIDENT 2003-2004 LAURA LUBELCZYK Wendy Allen Gulf of Maine Marine Education JOHN DINDO North Inlet-Winyah Bay Association (GOMMEA) National Estuarine Research Reserve email: [email protected] Chairman of Discovery Hall Programs Dauphin Island Sea Lab TREASURER 2003-2005 BETH JEWELL Don Hudson Mid-Atlantic Marine Educators BILL HASTIE The Chewonki Foundation Association (MAMEA) Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds email: [email protected] SECRETARY 2002-2004 Governor’s Natural Resources Office, Oregon Terri Kirby Hathaway LINDA MCINTOSH North Carolina Aquarium Massachusetts Marine Educators (MME) DAVID NIEBUHR on Roanoke Island email: [email protected] Biology Department NMEA NATIONAL OFFICE: PAT WILLIAMS Salem State College Northwest Aquatic and Marine MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Educators (NAME) SHARON WALKER Sharon Walker email: [email protected] College of Science and Technology College of Science and Technology The University of Southern Mississippi- ERIC SIMMS The University of Southern Mississippi- J.L. Scott Marine Education Center New Jersey Marine Educators J. L. Scott Marine Education Center & Aquarium Association (NJMEA) & Aquarium email: [email protected] ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Current is published up to four times a year for Johnette Bosarge HUGO FREUDENTHAL The University of Southern Mississippi New York State Marine Educators members of the National Marine Educators Association (NYSMEA) Association. Library subscriptions to Current are CURRENT EDITOR email: [email protected] Lisa Tooker available for $40 a year. Individual copies are available MARY GULLICKSON from the editors for $5 plus $1.25 postage. NMEA BOARD OF DIRECTORS OCEANIA BETH DAY, 2001-2004 email: [email protected] Editorial and advertising offices: NMEA, c/o Johnette Bosarge, P.O. Box 1470, Ocean Springs, MS 39566- National Sea Grant College Program WILLIE HEARD 1470 ELAINE MCCLURE, 2003-2006 Southern Association of Marine Pickney Elementary School Educators (SAME) email: [email protected] © 2003 by Current: The Journal of Marine Education SARAH SCHOEDINGER, 2002-2005 (ISSN 0889-5546). Publication of the National CORE CARMELINA LIVINGSTON South Carolina Marine Educators Marine Educators Association. The opinions MARYELLEN TIMMONS, 2003-2006 Association (SCMEA) expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect those UGA Marine Education Center email: [email protected] of NMEA. & Aquarium CATHI LEPORE THAXTER TEWKSBURY, 2001-2004 Southern New England Marine Permission is granted by NMEA for libraries and other Project Oceanology Educators (SENEME) users to make reprographic copies for their own or email: [email protected] their client’s personal or non-commercial use. RICK TINNIN, 2002-2005 University of Texas Marine JOY WOLF This permission does not extend to copying for Science Institute Southwest Marine Educators advertising or promotional purposes, creating new Association (SWMEA) collective works, resale, or any material not HOWARD WALTERS, 2003-2004 email: [email protected] copyrighted to the NMEA. For more information, write LYNN WHITLEY, 2002-2005 COURTNEY KROLL Hancock Institute for Marine Studies to the editor at Current: The Journal of Marine Tennessee Educators of Aquatic and Education, c/o Johnette Bosarge, P.O. Box 1470, GENE WILLIAMSON, 2003-2006 Marine Science (TEAMS) email: [email protected] Ocean Springs, MS, 39566-1470; or visit us online at www.marine-ed.org/. NMEA CHAPTER REPRESENTATIVES Pam Stryker STEVE PIONTEH Texas Marine Educators Cover Images: Ian MacDonald, Texas A&M (top row, Association (TMEA) Caribbean and Western Atlantic left & bottom row, 3rd from left & middle); Emory (CARIBWA) email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Kristof, National Geographic Society (top row, 2nd from left & top row right); Rolf Gradinger (top row, 3rd from LEX WATERS left); Casey Debenham (bottom row, left); Kevin Florida Marine Science Educators Association (FMSEA) Raskoff, MBARI (bottom row, right); Courtesy of email: [email protected] NOAA/Office of Exploration (bottom row, 2nd from left) THE JOURNAL OF MARINE EDUCATION Volume 19 • Number 2 • 2003 CURRENT LOG Through the Arctic Expedition in the summer 2002, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had a unique opportunity to reach out in new ways to educators, students, and the general public and share the excitement of daily at-sea discoveries–and the science behind this major ocean exploration initiative with people around the world. Since the Arctic Ocean is the world’s least explored ocean, the Arctic Expedition held great potential for generating exciting outreach and educational opportunities, as an international team of 50 scientists from the United States, Canada, China, and Japan explored the frigid depths of the Canada Basin. Due to the region's heavy year-round ice cover, this expedition was the first one of its kind. With the aid of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), specially designed to operate under ice and at great depth, scientists examined the hidden world of life in these extreme conditions. From intricate microscopic organisms found in the brine channels that run through the ice to the creatures that make the sea bottom their home, the science team studied the relationships between pelagic and benthic communities. In this issue of Current, we present the science and education behind exploring one of Earth’s most unknown ocean regions…the frigid, frozen, and very beautiful Arctic Ocean. PAULA KEENER-CHAVIS Paula Keener-Chavis is the National Education Coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) Office of Ocean Exploration. She has conducted extensive marine fisheries research off the Southeastern coast of the U.S. and research off Belize, Central America, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution. She has published scientific articles on her research and writes articles for a variety of publications. She is senior author of Of Sand and Sea...Teachings From the South Carolina Shoreline. Keener-Chavis served as a member of The President’s Panel on Ocean Exploration. She also served as a member of the Steering Committee for the Center for Ocean Science Education Excellence (COSEE) sponsored by the National Science Foundation. She represents the Office of Ocean Exploration on the NOAA Education Council. She recently served as a member of the National Academies Committee on Exploration of the Seas. She is a Past- President of the NMEA (2000-2001). She works with scientists and educators to produce lesson plans and Professional Development Institutes for NOAA’s Ocean Exploration Expeditions and heads up the education initiatives for NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration. DR. VALERIE CHASE Dr. Valerie Chase is a consultant for formal and informal marine education. She recently retired as Director of Education at the National Aquarium in Baltimore (NAIB), after almost 23 years in program and curriculum design, teacher education, and exhibits at all levels. Trained as an ecologist, she switched from college professor to informal educator in 1980 and has published both scientific and educational research papers. She is the editor and first author of Living in Water: An Aquatic Science Curriculum for Grades 5-7. Her special projects have received funding from the National Science Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes while at NAIB. CONTENTS 13 Physical Nutrients and 26 Activity: Let’s Get to the Bottom of Primary Productivity the Arctic! 2 Foreword BY TERRY WHITELEDGE BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY VALERIE CHASE 15 Introduction to the Ocean Exploration 30 Activity: Would You Like a Sample? 3 Introduction Arctic Ocean Curriculum Unit BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY CAPTAIN CRAIG MCLEAN BY VALERIE CHASE, PH.D. AND MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. 36 Activity: Being Productive in the 4 Exploration of the Canada Basin 2002 Arctic Ocean BY KATHLEEN CRANE, PH.D. 18 Activity: Current Events BY MEL GOODWIN, PH.D. BY MEL GOODWIN,