Berlin and the Cold War
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Allen W. Dulles and the CIA
THE GILDED AGE Allen W. Dulles and the CIA Allen W. Dulles spent his tenure as the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) entrenched in secret power struggles that would ensure his ultimate power over the foreign and domestic aff airs for the United States. Th roughout his childhood, Dulles learned to use political power in order to get ahead, and to use secrecy to make unilateral deci- sions. Aft er analyzing examples of his treatment of various foreign aff airs disasters, as well as his manipulation of American media and politicians, Dulles is exposed as a man whose legacy lives in the CIA, as a legendary fi gure who is in fact much more of a craft ed legend than a man of truth. By Sada O. Stewart ‘16 Princeton University of the CIA’s own making, the product of the publicity and the political propaganda Allen Dulles manufactured in the 1950s.”4 How, though, did Dulles craft a fl awless, genius im- age for the CIA? What methods did Dulles use to manipulate the press, the public, and even the other branches of govern- ment to bring forth an agency with “a great reputation and a terrible record?”5 Dulles made the CIA seem like an elite agency full of top agents resulting in high risk, high reward missions—how is this reconciled with the reality of the CIA under Dulles’ reign? INTELLIGENCE IN YOUTH To begin, it is vital to identify the signifi cance of developing and running an intelligence agency in an open democratic system.6 Sun Tzu, author of Th e Art of War, insists the best A Bas-relief of Allen Dulles at the Original Headquarters of (only) way to fi ght a war is to know the enemy. -
The Role of Allen Dulles in Us Policy Discussions on Latin America, 1953-611
THE PRAGMATIC FACE OF THE COVERT IDEALIST: THE ROLE OF ALLEN DULLES IN US POLICY DISCUSSIONS ON LATIN AMERICA, 1953-611 Assessments of the CIA’s role in Latin America during the 1950s have tended to focus predominantly on the twin case-studies of Guatemala and Cuba. Consequently, the Agency’s role – and, more broadly, that of its head Allen Dulles – has come to be seen as one obsessed with covert action and relatively unimportant in terms of policy discussions. Dulles, in fact, has been portrayed as an unwilling and disinterested participant in policy discussions. The present article will challenge those assertions by suggesting that, by examining Dulles’s role in the Eisenhower administration’s discussions on Latin America, a different picture emerges – one that paints Dulles as an active and rational participant, and which raises important questions for our understanding of the CIA’s role during the Eisenhower era. ‘In the 1950s’, writes Greg Grandin in describing the Central Intelligence Agency’s role in Guatemala in 1954, ‘the Cold War was often presented as a battle of ideas, yet CIA agents on the ground didn’t see it that way’…they insisted ‘on a strategy intended to inspire fear more than virtue.’2 Grandin’s view – along with the widely held perception among many non- specialists that the 1950s served as a form of ‘golden age’ for the CIA – has come to dominate historical, and indeed cultural, representations of the Agency’s role in the early- Cold War era. During the period when Dwight D. Eisenhower was president and Allen Dulles was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), it is commonly held, the CIA enjoyed a position of unparalleled success in US foreign policy. -
Multilateral Agreement on Commercial Rights of Non-Scheduled Air Services in Europe Signed at Paris on 30 April 1956
MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON COMMERCIAL RIGHTS OF NON-SCHEDULED AIR SERVICES IN EUROPE SIGNED AT PARIS ON 30 APRIL 1956 Entry into force: In accordance with Article 6(1), the Agreement entered into force on 21 August 1957. Status: 24 parties. State Date of signature Date of deposit of Effective date Instrument of Ratification or Adherence Austria 30 October 1956 21 May 1957 21 August 1957 Belgium 30 April 1956 22 April 1960 22 July 1960 Croatia 2 July 1999 2 October 1999 Denmark 21 November 1956 12 September 1957 12 December 1957 Estonia 4 April 2001 4 July 2001 Finland 14 October 1957 6 November 1957 6 February 1958 France 30 April 1956 5 June 1957 5 September 1957 Germany 29 May 1956 11 September 1959 11 December 1959 Hungary 16 November 1993 14 February 1994 Iceland 8 November 1956 25 September 1961 25 December 1961 Ireland 29 May 1956 2 August 1961 2 November 1961 Italy 23 January 1957 Luxembourg 30 April 1956 23 December 1963 23 March 1964 Monaco 19 January 2017 19 April 2017 Netherlands (1) 12 July 1956 20 January 1958 20 April 1958 Norway 8 November 1956 5 August 1957 5 November 1957 Portugal (2) 7 May 1957 17 October 1958 17 January 1959 Republic of Moldova 23 December 1998 23 March 1999 San Marino 17 May 2016 17 August 2016 Serbia 21 March 2017 21 June 2017 Spain 8 November 1956 30 May 1957 30 August 1957 Sweden 23 January 1957 13 August 1957 13 November 1957 Switzerland 30 April 1956 2 April 1957 21 August 1957 Turkey 8 November 1956 4 November 1958 4 February 1959 United Kingdom (3) 11 January 1960 11 April 1960 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia deposited its instrument of adherence on 23 August 2002 and became a party to the Agreement on 23 November 2002. -
Money Income Sources of Young Survivors, December 1959
Monev Income Sources of Young Survivors, Dec&ber 1959 by MOLLIE ORSHANSKY * THE SOURCES of income for the major pop- program in terms of numbers served: 2 out of ulation groups with whom the public income- every 3 paternal orphans were supported in part maintenance programs are concerned are a subject by monthly benefits based on the deceased father’s of continuing interest and are reported regularly e5Lrnings.l Old-age, survivors, and disability in- in the BULLETIN. One of these groups consists surance, in contrast to programs designed for of “young survivors”-orphans, their widowed particular segments of the popula,tion-such as mothers, and other widows under a~ge 65. The veterans, civil-service employees, or railroad following article provides estimates of the num- workers-is a general program that affords po- ber having income from each of the major public tential protection against the risk of income loss programs or from employment. through death, total disability, or retirement for the families of 9 out of 10 workers. Indeed, it is estima,ted that by now about 86 percent of the ORPHANED CHILDREN children whose fathers die are awarded benefits At the end of 1959, there were 3 million chil- on the basis of his employment. dren in the United States who had lost one or both of their parents. These orphans represented about 41,&s percent of all children, the same pro- Other Income Sources portion as in 1958, but considerably fewer than One in 8 of the paternal orphans was receiving in earlier periods of our history. -
Farm Population Reports Prepared and Issued Jointly by the Bureau of the Census and the Economic Research Service (Formerly Agricultural Marketing Service), U.S
Farm Population Reports prepared and issued jointly by the Bureau of the Census and the Economic Research Service (formerly Agricultural Marketing Service), U.S. Department of Agriculture, presenting data on the size and selected characteristics of the farm population of the United States and occasionally presenting data on selected subjects. Most of the reports in this series show the estimated total United States population together with separate estimates for the farm population, specified dates. Estimates for the United States noninstitutional farm population are shown by age, race, sex, and broad age groups. Estimates of the farm population 14 years old and over are shown for: employment status by sex, race, and region of residence; agricultural and nonagricultural employment by class of worker, sex, race, and region of residence; and persons employed in agriculture by farm-nonfarm residence and sex. Pages vary. Reports Nos. 1-6, issued 1945, and reports Nos. 7-19, issued 1946-1954, were identified as Series Census-BAE, Farm Population and Farm Households. Reports Nos. 20-29, issued 1954-1961 as P- 27 (Census-AMS), Farm Population; series reidentified in 1961 as P-27 (Census ERS), Farm Population, with individual release numbers continued in sequence -- Nos. 30-51, issued 1961-1978; series reidentified in 1979 as P-27 (Census-ESCS), Farm Population with individual release numbers continued in sequence -- Nos. 52-61 issued 1979-1988. [SuDoc: C 3.186: P-27] Check catalog for OSU Libraries’ holdings Farm Population Estimates of Farm Population and Farm Households: April, 1944, and April, 1940 Census-BAE 1 1945, January 14 4 pages. -
Laws and Regulations
E/NL. 1960/59-60 24 August 1960 UNITED NATIONS ENGLISH ONLY LAWS AND REGULATIONS PROMULGATED TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONVENTION OF 13 JULY 1931 FOR LIMITING THE MANUFACTURE AND REGULATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF NARCOTIC DRUGS, AS AMENDED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 11 DECEMBER 1946 HONG KONG Communicated by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland NOTE BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL - In accordance with Article 21 of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the Protocol of 11 December 1946, the Secretary-General has the honour to communicate the following legislative texts. Hong Kong Government Gazette, Supplement No. 2 E/KL.1960/59 Notification No. A.10,"dated 27 February 1959 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Chapter 134) DANGEROUS DRUGS (AMENDMENT OF SCHEDULE) ORDER 1959 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance, the Governor in Council has made the following Order: Citation 1. This Order may be cited as the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment of Schedule) Order, 1959. Amendment of 2. The Drug specified below shall be included as item No. 36 in the First First Schedule to the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance: Schedule. (Cap. 134}. "36. Dextromoramide—' : its salts and any preparation, admixture, extract or other substance containing any proportion of dextromor amide.11 W. V. DICKINSON Clerk of Councils Council Chamber, 24 February, 1959. E/NL.1960/60 Hong Kong Government Gazette, Supplement No. 2, Notification No. A.104, dated 24 December 1959 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (Chapter 134) DANGEROUS DRUGS (AMENDMENT OF SCHEDULE) (No. -
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B. -
Bibliography
Bibliography [I] Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation: nry Years in the State Department (New York, 1969). An elegantly written account by Truman's last Secretary of State, who was the chief architect of containment. [2] G.M. Alexander, The Prelude to the Truman Doctrine: British Policy in Greece 1944-1947 (Oxford, 1982). The Truman Doctrine was the first overt expression ofAmerican support for Western security. This book examines the background of Britain's intervention in the Greek civil war. [3] Richard A. Asiano, American Defense Policy from Eisenhower to Kennedy: the Politics of Changing Military Requirements (Ohio, 1975). A comprehensive account ofthe vicissitudes ofAmerican defence policy from Sputnik to the presidential election of John F. Kennedy. [4] Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam (New York, 1965). A 'New Left' historian who believes that the atomic bomb was intended as much to blackmail the Soviet Union into making concessions as to serve as an instrument to defeat Japan. [5] Stephen E. Ambrose, Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy 193~1970 (Baltimore, 1970). A useful textbook by one of the leading historians of the Cold War. [6] Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: the President 1952-1969, vol. II (London, 1984). An account ofEisenhower's internal and foreign policy based on his letters and papers. This is a sympathetic approach to the President's achievements. [7] Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: 1913-1962 (New York, 1982). The first volume of a biography of Richard M. Nixon dealing with his earlier years as US Senator and Vice-President of the USA. It tries hard to be objective and to show that Nixon was not as black as he was painted by his contemporaries. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Reports of Town Officers of the Town of Attleborough
. /, /"v/ ','Vj>!. \V '\..'>.ij»)i!A!.'\^-'f .- *' • ; • j/ -' -• . //7 .;<v> ,'•.. -'.- ;' . ,••,,- r."-U . ..V,- .-.sV. ; tf»l!...>’!>'<ty ' • j' ' • T- ' - ‘ ,' • .' ,••’• - » ' J ', • *' / • /X /. ^ i''"- ' -A;-. , V . f.-n-.'- ’ • - ••" 'U- f.'--l -V . '.V '<, v/a y ; ^;\Vi>.vV^XsJv^^^ ''• •> .s< ;i 7 - \ \ / A-:V ATTLEBORO PUBLIC LIBRARY ANNUAL REPORTS CITY OF /ATTLEBORO 1956 AT AS SUBMITTED BY THE OFFICERS AND DEPARTMENTS ^TTLEBOPtO PUBLIC LiBBABT JOSEPH L. Sweet Memorial Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/detaiis/reportsoftownoff1956attl ELECTED OFFICIALS Mayor Cyril K. Brennan Term expires January, 1958 City Clerk Kenneth F. Blandin Term expires January, 1958 City Treasurer Edward J. Healey Term expires January, 1958 City Collector Doris L, Austin Term expires January, 1958 Councilmen- at -large Bertrand O, Lambert, President Bradford ,L Dorrance Lawrence R, Fitton Richard M, Parker Edward A. Lee Terms expire January, 1958 Ward Councilmen John M. Kenny Ward I Arthur Hinds Ward II Conrad J, Carlson Ward III Harold P, Bellavance Ward IV Earl Baumgartel Ward V Charles A. Smith Ward VI Terms expire January, 1958 School Committee Henrietta Wolfenden Donald Antaya Philip Athanas Dr. Ernest A. Bragg John P. Lee Terms expire January, 1958 Royal P. Baker Eva M. Pond Irvin A. Studley Katherine L. Scott Terms expire January, 1960 APPOINTED OFFICIALS BOARD OF ASSESSORS James F. Murray Term expires January,! 957 Carl A. Nelson Term expires January, 1958 Patrick J. Byrnes, Chairman Term expires January, 1959 BOARD OF PUBLIC WELFARE Frederick J„ Frans, Almoner Patrick J, Duffy Term expires February, 1957 Robert B. Pond Term expires February, 1958 John J, Henderson, Chairman Term expires February, 1959 HEALTH OFFICER Doctor Fernand Girouard Term expires February, 1957 HEALTH INSPECTOR Frank L. -
THE LONDON GAZETTE, 21St AUGUST 1959 5267
THE LONDON GAZETTE, 21sT AUGUST 1959 5267 Surgn. Lts. (D.) placed. on Emergy. List- on dates To be Actg. Lt. on the date stated: stated: 2nd Lt. ,S. H.. DOWN, 2nd Lt. G. K. GANDY, •R. ASHWORTH, L.D:S., N. BAR, B.D.S., -L.D.S., 2nd Lt. A. G. H. MACKIE, 2nd Lt. JD. R. B. J. lA. BULLOCK, B.D.S., L.D.S., G. JEFFERIES, STORRIE, 2nd Lt. H. J. WILTSHIRE. 1st Sept. 1959. B.D.S., L.D.S. 26th July- 1959.' To be 2nd Lt. (QM) on the date stated: E. R. PARR, B.D.'S., L.D.S. 4lih. Aug. 1959. PO/X6396 C/Sgt. (S) E. J. OATLEY. 23rd Granted Short Service Commission in rank of Actg. Nov. 1959. • ' Surgn. Lt. (D.) with seny. as stated: . To Retired List on the date stated: M. S. PARRISH, L.D.S. 9th Aug. 1958. Capt. G. J. BOWER. 14th Jan. 1960. J. HIRD, L..D.S. 22nd Apr. 1959. Capt. A. STODDART. 31st Aug. 1959. B. HAVEKIN, L.D.S. 9th July 1959. Commn. Terminated on the date stated: Supply Lt. P. WILD, B.E.1VL, retires.. 28th Aug: 1959. Ty. 2nd Lt. N. D. HUDSON, Ty. 2nd Lt. I. M. Lts. (S.) retire on dates stated: • • MCNEILL, Ty. 2nd Lt. «D. A. CRICHTON, Ty. 2nd •D. C. GEORGE. 22nd July 1959. Lt. A. P. SYMINGTON. 21st Oct. 1959. T>. J. N. HALL. 24th.July 1959. Sub. Lt. P. J. SHIELD/ to be Lt. with seny. 1st RM.F.V.R. Feb. 1959. -
The Anchor, European Edition: July 1959
Hope College Hope College Digital Commons The Anchor: 1959 The Anchor: 1950-1959 7-1-1959 The Anchor, European Edition: July 1959 Hope College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1959 Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Repository citation: Hope College, "The Anchor, European Edition: July 1959" (1959). The Anchor: 1959. Paper 16. https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/anchor_1959/16 Published in: The Anchor, July 1, 1959. Copyright © 1959 Hope College, Holland, Michigan. This News Article is brought to you for free and open access by the The Anchor: 1950-1959 at Hope College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Anchor: 1959 by an authorized administrator of Hope College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Travelers Worship In HOPE COLLEGE Church of Pilgrims, Protestant Cathedral Included among th^ many new experiences we have ANCHOR enjoyed so tar on our tour has been the opportunity to worship in different churches with people of other HOPE COLLEGE VIENNA SUMMER SCHOOL countries. Our first two Sundays were spent aboard the S. S. EUROPEAN EDITION VIENNA, AUSTRIA, JULY. 1959 Waterman, where both Protestant and Catholic services were provided for the passengers. The worshipers descended the stairs leading to the theater, from which came the sound of familiar hymns being played on the Sixty Students Join Hope in Europe piano The sermons were preached in English by Rev. Ftensira, a graduate of Calvin College. For Fourth Vienna Summer Session pi Since the Second World War, when large numbers which the Summer School program has had on the of our students were sent abroad and thus came into campus at home.