Imlllfl~Ii!Ooiiillil 3 ACKU 00000138 7
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,·imlllfl~ii!OOiiillil 3 ACKU 00000138 7 OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS CO-ORDINATOR FOR HUMANITARIAN AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMMES RELATING TO AFGHANISTAN \ FIRST CONSOLIDATED REPORT ACKU GENEVA SEPTEMBER 1988 FOREWORD Since the Office of the Co-ordinator for United Nations Humanitarian and Economic Assistance Programmes relating to Afghanistan was set up in May 1988, we have given the highest priority to developing a comprehensive information system. The real problems and the necessity for actions in the immediate future to meet the relief and rehabilitation needs relating to Afghanistan demand a balanced approach that makes the best use of whatever information is available and begins to build up a sophisticated information system. This First Consolidated Report represents a fully collaborative effort by the United Nations system to compile a base-line assessment of the situation in Afghanistan and to formulate multi-sectoral relief and rehabilitation programmes and projects. In this process we have also established working level contacts with many non-governmental organizations and bilateral donors and look forward to strengthening these over the coming months. The publication of this report marks an important step in the international community's ability to address the Afghan tragedy. In these pages you will find the most up-to-date and comprehensive source of information yet compiled in one volume on an initial assessment of present conditions in Afghanistan and the needs of the Afghan people. Improvements in the accuracy and range of information presented will be made in subsequent issues. My colleagues and I rely upon your support, inputs and recommendations in making these regular Consolidated Reports a source of reliable and relevant information for all of us in responding to the challenge ah ead. ACKU Sadruddin Aga Khan Co-ordinator United Nations Humanitarian and Economic Assistance Programmes Relating to Afghanistan - i - PREFACE This is the first consoli~ated base-line report, prepare~ by the Office of the Co-or~inator for Unite~ Nations Humanitarian an~ Economic Assistance Programmes relating to Afghanistan. The central aim of this report is to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information relating to major issues and sectors: Security an~ Opportunities of Access; Affected Population in the Country; Refugees an~ their Voluntary Repatriation; Food Aid; Agriculture; Health; Education; In~ustry, Energy anO Mining; Transport, Transit and Communications; Planning anO Administration. The report focuses on an assessment of the situation in Afghanistan and identifies sectoral needs, projects and programmes. A decentralized analysis related to various geographical areas in the country is presented, to the extent possible, especially with regard to the Security, Agriculture and Bealth sectors. The first consolidated report is the result of a truly collaborative ~!fort of all parts of the United Natior.s syste~. UNC~~, trnDP, IDiFSCO. UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, WFP and WHO, prepared background papers on rel~vant sectors. We also benefited from extensive information and advice from FAO, IFAD, ILO, ITU, UNDRO, UNFDAC and UNRISD. The mapped information presented in the report was prepared by UNEP/GRID. ICRC, LRCS and many other NGOs have also provided reports on their activities relating to Afghanistan. The donor response for relief and rehabilitation assistance has been encouraging, especially with regard to commitments already made by Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States of America. The report has also been enriched by information from offical Government reports as well as from many Afghan researchers and intellectuals. As the availability of timely and comprehensive information is critical to effectively respond to the relief and rehabilitation needs, it is important that all concerned organizations and individuals communicate any available information relating to Afghanistan to the Office of the Co-ordinator. This will facilitate the continued development of a comprehensive consolidated information system. ACKU Any comments and suggestions regarding this first consolidated report, as well as requests for more detailed information on specific situations referred to in this report should be addressed to: The Co-ordinator Attention: Mahendra M. Shah Monitoring and Reporting Office of the Co-ordinator for Humanitarian and Economic Assistance Programmes relating to Afghanistan Villa La Pelouse United Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland Tel: (022) 346011/310211, Ext. 3526 Tlx: 412909 Fax: (41)-(22)-347310 - iii - Contents I FOREWORD i II PREFACE iii III OVERVIEW xi Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Afghan Crisis and the Challenge of Recovery 1 1.2 The Geneva Accords 9 1.3 The United Nations Office of the Co-ordinator for Afghanistan 10 1.4 The Secretary-General's Appeal 15 1.5 Donor Response to the Secretary-General's Appeal 17 1.6 The ECOSOC Resolution 24 2. THE AFGHANISTAN INFORMATION SYSTEM 25 2.1 Background 25 2.2 Consolidated Field Level Information 26 2.3 Headquarters Information Reporting 27 2.4 United Nations System 28 2.5 Non-governmental organizations 28 2.6 Donor Information Reporting 29 2.7 Priority Assessment Missions Inside Afghanistan 29 2.8 A Geographical Information System 32 2.9 Information Dissemination 33 3. SECURITY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACCESS 35 3.1 Mines and . Unexploded Ordnance 35 3.2 Mine Clearance 36 3.3 Continuing Conflict 38 3.4 Damage to Infrastructure and Shelter 41 3.5 Regional Summaries 45 4. AFFECTED POPULATION INACKU AFGHANISTAN 52 4.1 Introduction 52 4.2 Internally Displaced 53 4.3 Disabled Persons 54 4.4 Women and Children 56 4.5 Nomads 57 - v - Page 5. AFGHAN REFUGEES AND THEIR VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION 60 5.1 Introduction 60 5.2 Background - Refugees in the Islamic Republic of Iran 60 5.3 Outline of Current Programmes and Proposals for 1989 62 5.4 Arrangements of Implementation 64 5.5 Background - Refugees in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 64 5.6 Outline of Current Programmes and Proposals for 1989 67 5.7 Arrangements for Implementation 68 5.8 Approach to Voluntary Repatriation 68 5.9 Operational Approach 71 5.10 Special Measures of Preparation 74 6. FOOD AID 76 6 . 1 Food Aid and Development Activities 1970-79 76 6.2 Refugee Food Aid Operations 1979-88 78 6.3 Future Scope of Assistance to Returnees 81 6.4 Food-for-Work Programmes 82 6.5 Vulnerable Group Feeding Programme 83 6.6 Support Costs and Prepositioning of Food 83 7. UNITED NATIONS LOGISTICAL TRANSPORT OPERATION 86 7.1 Background 86 7.2 Organization and Structure 87 8. AGRICULTURE 90 8.1 Background 90 8.2 Consequences of War 92 8.3 Agricultural Production 94 8.4 Irrigation 96 8.5 Seeds 98 8.6 Fertilizers 99 8.7 Farm Power 99 8.8 Agricultural Tools 99 8.9 Livestock ACKU 1 00 8.10 Forestry 100 8.11 Agricultural Services 102 8.12 Rural Development 102 8.13 Regional Summaries: Agriculture 106 - vi - Page 9. HEALTH 116 9.1 Background and Consequences of War 116 9.2 Health Infrastructure and Manpower 118 9.3 The Incidence of Malaria 119 9.4 Tuberculosis 119 9.5 Diarrhoeal Diseases 120 9.6 Eye Infections and Diseases 120 9.7 Rehabilitation of the Disabled 122 9.8 The Nutritional Status 122 9.9 Special Target Groups - Women and Children 122 9.10 Water Supply and Sanitation 123 9.11 Cross Border Health Care Delivery 124 9.12 Health Care Available to Refugees 124 9.13 Health Sector Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes 125 9.14 Regional Summaries: Health 127 10. EDUCATION 132 10.1 Background 132 10.2 Consequences of War 132 10.3 Primary and Secondary Education 134 10.4 Vocational Training 137 10.5 University Education 138 10.6 Literacy Programmes 138 10.7 Education Needs of the Disabled 138 10.8 Education Rehabilitation Priorities 140 10.9 Culture 142 11. INDUSTRY, ENERGY AND MINING 144 11.1 Industry 144 11.2 Industrial Performance 144 11.3 Industrial Development 145 11.4 Minerals and Mining 148 11.5 Power and Energy Resources: Natural Gas, Coal, Oil, Electricity, Fuelwood. 149 11.6 Energy/Fuel AlternativesACKU 152 12. TRANSPORT, TRANSIT AND COMMUNICATIONS 154 12.1 Transport 154 12.2 Road Infrastructure 156 12.3 Railway Development 158 12.4 Ports 160 12.5 Air Transport 160 12.6 Transit Infrastructure and Services 161 12.7 Transit through the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 162 12.8 Transit through USSR 164 12.9 Transit through the Islamic Republic of Iran 165 12.10 Internal Road Transport 166 12.11 Warehousing 168 12.12 Communications 169 - vii - Page 13. PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION 172 13.1 Background 172 13.2 Resettlement Planning 173 13.3 Relief Planning 174 13.4 Rehabilitation Planning 174 13.5 Administration and Planning 177 ANNEXES 179 Annex 1 Types of Mines in Afghanistan 179 Annex 2 Field Information Guidelines 182 Annex 3 Donor Information Guidelines 188 Annex 4 Geographical Information System 190 Annex 5 A Brief Review of Selected NGOs 193 ACKU - viii - MAPS 1. Geographical Grouping of Provinces into Six Regions 2. Refugee population from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan as percentage of total local resident and returnee population 3. Refugee population from the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan as percentage of total local resident and returnee population 4. Population Density: Local resident population in Afghanistan 5. Population Density: Local resident population in Afghanistan and Refugee Population from the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 6. Population Density: Local resident population in Afghanistan and Refugee Population from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 7. Estimated Acreage Under Wheat by Province 8. Estimated Wheat Yield by Province 9. Estimated Wheat Production by Province 10. Estimated Cereal Storage Capacity by Province 11. Number of Schools per 100,000 Resident Population by Province 12.