History of the 17 th Horse All the information in this document has been downloaded from http://web.archive.org/web/20040722123932/poonahorse.com/history.htm The archive of the Poona Horse Regimental Officers Association web site. Copyright of the contents of this document lies with the Association Table of Contents Raising ................................................................................................................................ 3 The Battle Of Koregaum..................................................................................................... 6 The First Afghan War ......................................................................................................... 9 Raising .............................................................................................................................. 10 The Battle Of Kooshab ..................................................................................................... 12 1857 - The Great Upheaval............................................................................................... 17 The Campaigns of Abyssinia, Afghanistan & China........................................................ 21 The First World War......................................................................................................... 23 Reorganization & Amalgamation ..................................................................................... 42 The Second World War & After....................................................................................... 55 The Indo Pak War-1965.................................................................................................... 67 Lt Col A B Tarapore ......................................................................................................... 90 The Indo Pak War-1971.................................................................................................... 93 2 Lt Arun Khetarpal, PVC-1971..................................................................................... 116 The Poona Horse Ethos................................................................................................... 119 Gallop into the future...................................................................................................... 120 Raising The Poona Horse was raised on the 15th July, 1817, as result of the Treaty of Poona, concluded on 13th June 1817, between the British headed by Lord Hasting , the then Governor General, and Bajee Rao II, the Peishwa. In accordance with Article VI of the Treaty, a force known as the Poona Auxiliary Force was to be recruited. This Force was to be commanded by British Officers, and although maintained by revenue arising out of the territorial grants made by the Peishwa, this Force permanently stationed in the Peishwa’s Territory, available if necessary for action against the Peishwa himself. The Residence at the Peishwa,s court at Poona, who negotiated the Treaty in 1817, was the Honourable Mountstuart Elphinston, who later became Governor of Bombay. Immediately after the Treaty was concluded , a number of military officers were placed under the orders of the Residence for raising the Poona Horse Auxiliary Horse and was the Cavalry elements of this Force was known as the Poona Auxiliary Horse and was the only components of this Force which continued as a Regiment, being later designated, after the amalgamation in 1921, as the Poona Horse (17th Q.V.O Cavalry). It is interesting coincidence that the Poona Horse was raised under the order of the Honourable Mountstuart Elphinston, and a descendant of his, Colonel W.G Elphinston, MC, was the last British Colonel of the Regiment. The following extracts from instructions issued for the raising of the Poona Auxiliary Horse, provide interesting vignettes of how the irregular forces of those times were commanded and administered :- “Each Risaldar* to have a Nishanburdar (standard beared), a Nugaraburdar (Kettle- drummer) and a Karkun (orderly) at the expenses of the Government : each Jamadar a Karkun. “Men of respectivity and family will be permitted , for the present, to recruit for promotion of the following terms : Risaldar to raise 500 horses, a Jamadar 100, and Daffadar 40. “The men to be Sunis, Shaikhs, Moguls, Pathans, Scindians (Sindhis), Beloochis, Shiahs, Hindustanis, Brahmins, Rajputs, and Maharatta spearsmen-men of low caste not to be admitted – Mussalmans, especially Syuds, Sikhs and Hindustanis to be preferred. “No regular dress to be enforced : but if the men will consent to wear cloth angrikas or turbans and kummerbunds of uniform colour, they ought to be encouraged to do so : if not they must be required to wear some distinguishing mark in war, which must be often changed to prevent the enemy from taking it up. “Commanders of divisions are to decide all disputes as far as may be practicable, through sentences of punchayets elected as much as possible with the option of the parties concerned in the dispute, unless it should appear to the Commanding Officer that the persons selected are themselves interested parties : on such occasions he must appoint the punchayet himself from amongst the most respectable and intelligent Siledars of the Risalah. Althought the European Officer Commanding 1,000 must always have the power of dismissing any Barghir, yet if such punishment can be brought about by a punchayet, so much the better: and it is suggested that all punchayets appointed with a view of punish crime or disorders should consist of Jamadars or Daffadars, with Risaldar sometimes (not often) as president. Punchayets in their decisions can generally be guided by the judgements of the European officers. They will save him from the odium might otherwise arise in checking a variety of irregularities. The European officer ought , consequently, to bear in mind that in this service respectability and popularity are the ways to govern, and to attain these, the officers must combine sense, temper, confidence and liberality. “All sorts of exercises should be encouraged : good shots, good riders, swordsmen, pahalwans, &c., should be raised and receive presents. Nautches must be given to the native officers, the kanats to be open so that the whole Risalah may consider themselves entertained : on each occasion the officer can retire by 12 or 1 O’clock without giving offence, and he ought not to permit any indecency in his presence. “ Shorfs to be attached to divisions on conditions of lending money when required : the interest on no account to exceed 2 per cent mensem, the principal not to exceed two months’ pay. “Gold or silver bangles will be presented to all who may particularly distinguish themselves in action, and other suitable rewards granted to those whose zeal for the service on other occasions may be deemed worthy of such consideration. A horse missing after an action is only to be paid for if the owner is wounded. All improvements are to be brought about by persuasion, and the greatest patience to be shown towards the faults that are to be eradicated. “ The native officers to be treated with utmost respect and attention, and the men with kindness and consideration : no private horseman to be struck on any account whatever. The principles of the service are to respect the prejudices of the native and to manage them by good treatment. As few direct orders as possible to be issued. “Lt Col J. Cunnigham was the first Commandant of the Regiment. The principal part of the Poona Auxiliary Horse was raised in Poona: large levies were also made at Aurangabad, Nagpur, Baroda and Sirur (then the Headquarters of the Bombay Army). A levy of 500 sabres raised in ‘Hindoostan’ by Colonel Skinner* was also incorporated in to the Auxiliary Horse. Lt C. Swanston (Cortgaum Swanston), adopted a unique method for the recruitment of his Divisions. He early recognized that, if the raising instructions regarding the provisions of horse and horse trappings by the men themselves were too closely followed, a number of good men would be lost to the Poona Auxiliary Horse, owing to their inability to mount themselves. Therefore the borrowed the necessary money to purchase a certain number of horses and their equipment, and was thus in a position to recruit picked men. It may justly be claimed that thus was laid the foundation of the Silladar System which came into vogue later on. 33rd Q.V.O Cavalry The 3rd Regiment of Cavalry, which was subsequently designated the 33rd Q.V.O Light Cavalry, was raised at Sirur on 4th May 1820 as a regular Cavalry Regiment of the Bombay Presidency Army. It had three squadron on its establishment, of which one squadron was provided from the 1st Regiment of Cavalry and one Squadron from the 2nd Regiment of Cavalry. The balance was made up by inducting suitable Indian Officers, NCOs and men of the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the Poona Auxiliary Infantry, who volunteered for service with the Cavalry, when these Battalions of the Poona Auxiliary Force were disbanded in 1820. Major (later Maj Gen) Peter Delamotte was appointed the first Commandant of the Regiment and was charged with raising it. The Battle Of Koregaum Though the aforementioned Treaty of Poona, signed on 15 June1817, was intended to settle all matters of dispute between and the British and to afford security for the future, relations between them began to deteriorate almost immediately after the Treaty was signed,. Symptoms of impending hostilities began to manifest themselves every day. Sensing danger the Resident, Mountstuart