Monograph Tenebrionidae Southern Africa Vol. I Map I: Distribution of Somaticus Hope

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM MEMOIR No.7

PUBLISHED BY THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM, PRETORIA,

with the assistance of a Grant from the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.

1955 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under CONTENTS

Page Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Principal divisions of the Tenebrionidae 1 TENTYRIINAE .. 3 Synopsis of the South African tribes of Tentyriinae .. 9 I. MOLURINI 9 Diagnosis 28 Systematic position and history of classification 29 Synopsis of the generic groups of Molurini 33 A. Trachynotina 34 Key to Southern African genera 43 1. Somaticus Hope .. 45 Diagnosis .. 47 Morphologic terminology 49 Intra-generic system and distribution 49 Systematic Catalogue 50 Species incertae sedis 56 Key to morpho-geographic groups 57 a. Subgenus Clinocranion Solier 70 b. " Somaticus s. str. 74 c. " Ceromelaephus nov. 87 d. " Bechuanitis nov. 93 e. Diacis nov. 105 " f. Trichotrichus nov. 108 " g. Trachyderes nov. 112 " h. ACI"omaticus nov. 143 " 1. Tracheloeum Hope ·178 " J. Trichotl'achys nov. 202 k. " Tropitrachys nov. 229 References " 233 Systematic index .. 237 Index to auxiliary map 2 of Southern African districts 239 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher Reproduced PRINCIPAL ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｾｓ＠ OF THE TENEBRIONIDAE

Abdomen without intersegmental membranes between distal sternites (text-fig. 10). Body apterous, except in Epitragina of Tentyriini (PI. I, figs 15-17) when mentum is large and covers at least cardo and stipes of ｾ｡ｸｩｉｉ｡･＠ '(text-fig. 22). Mesocoxae either without or with large trochantin (text-fig. 46), in the latter case (Molurina of Molurini, PIs III-IX) scutellum very large, occupying the entire mesothoracic peduncle (PI. IV, fig. 5). Body with continuous lateral contours only when mentum is large. TENTYRIOID TENEBRIONIDAE With only the one subfamily of Tentyriinae. The aedeagus of tentyrioid Tenebrionidae (text-fig. 2B) is very constant and simple, but similar structures are found also in the heterogeneous group of tenebrioid Tenebrionidae. It consists of the tegmen of aedeagus, which is constantly divided into an apicale and basale, while the inner structure is reduced to a simple, tubiform middle IQbe or the penis. Abdomen with intersegmental membranes between distal sternites . (text-fig. 2), except for Caenocrypticini, Belopini, and entire Cossyphini, in which either body with continuous lateral contours but mentum small or body alate and mentum small or body foliaceous, with the head completely concealed by the enlarged pronotum. Body alate or apterous, in the latter case mentum small, leaving cardo and stipes of maxillae exposed. Mesocoxae with trochantin, except in Cossyphini; Neopsectropini and some genera of Ulomini, in which either the head concealed by pronotum (Cossyphini) or distal sternites of abdomen with intersegmental membranes (Neopsectropini and Ulomini). Scutellum small to moderately large, but not occupying the entire width of base of mesothoracic tergite.

TENEBRIOID TENEBRIONIDAE With several subfamilies and many tribes, a considerable part of which is new to science and will be described in the subsequent volumes (cf. also Koch, 1954a). The aedeagus.of tenebrioid Tenebrionidae exhibits many different and often complicated structures, although the simple tentyrioid construction is found in many groups. The outer shell of aedeagus is generally divided into an apicale and basale (text-figs. 2C and 2D), but there are several tribes (e.g. Litoborini, Loensini, Helopinini etc.), in which both parts of the shell are completely fused to an even tube, without exhibiting any separating sutures (text-fig. 2E). The apicale is often split into a pair of movable parameres, which sometimes (in many Opatrini) enclose the penis in state of rest. The inner parts are very variable and often composed of the median lobe (or 1 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 2 TENTYRIINAE penis) plus one to several pairs of paramere-like lacinia (text-figs. 2C and 2E). This structure of the inner parts can be constant within a tribe (e.g. Oendarini, Pedinini, Litoborini etc.), but there are also tribes with and without lacinia (e.g. Crypticini) and in the Anomalipus of Platynotini this character varies to an extreme extent even intra_ generically (cf. text-figs. 2C and 20). The penis, which is generally well sclerotized, is often very small and in some cases reduced to a badly sclerotized, small apical portion of orifice of the ductus ejaculatorius. Frequently complicated internal armatures are developed in the median lobe and also in the lacinia. Asymmetrical formations are rare.

FIG. l.-Gonopus agrestis Fahraeus, 1870 (tenebrioid Tenebrionidae, Opatrinae, Platynotini}.-Underside of head (cst=cardo and stipes of maxilla; gu=gula; I=labrum; m-mentum; md=mandible; me=maxillary emargination of postgenal margin; pg=postgena; pl=preIabium).

FIG. 2A.-Gonopus agrestis Fahraeus, 1870 (tenebrioid Tenebrionidae, Opatrinae, Platynotini}.-Underside of hind-body (E=episternum of metasternum; e=episternum of mesosternum; Em=epimeron of metasternum; em=epimeron of mesosternum; im=inter-segmental membranes of abdomen; ms=mesosternum; msc= mesocoxal cavity; mt=metasternum; mtc=metacoxal cavity; pa=inter-coxal process of abdomen; ps=pseudopleura; r=reflected and ventrally exposed portion of elytra; t=trochantin of mesocoxae). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway TENTYRIINAE 3

b c d e f

FIG. 2B.-Aedeagus of a tentyrioid Tenebrionid (Somaticus [TrichotrachysJ metropolis sp.n.).-a=dorsal surface of aedeagus; b=inner surface of penis; c=lateral aspect of penis, with the inner surface at right; d=outer surface of penis; e=ventral surface of aedeagus, with the penis extracted; f=lateral aspect of aedeagus. with the penis extracted. (ap = apicale; ba=basale; d=ductus ejaculatorius; g=ventral groove; ig=inner groove of penis.)

b c d e f

TENTYRIINAE The subfamily Tentyriinae is sharply separated from all the other Tenebrionidae by the above-mentioned and very constant characters. Leconte and Horn divided the American Tenebrionidae into the three subfamilies Tentyriinae, Asidinae and Tenebrioninae. Gebien, 1937b, in his systematic catalogue of Tenebrionidae of the world, accepted the same three subfamilies, but in a different conception. While Leconte and Horn separate the Asidinae from the Tentyriinae, by the presence of a distinct trochantin of mesocoxae, Gebien uses as a criterion the size of mentum and places in the Asidinae all those tentyrioid tribes, the mentum of which leaves exposed the cardo and stipes of maxillae, whether or not exhibiting a trochantin of mesocoxae. However, he confesses that this division is weak, as the large tribe of Asidini ought to be placed in the Tentyriinae on account of the large mentum, concealing cardo and stipes of maxillae. I do not see the necessity of subdividing the tentyrioid tribes into subfamilies, as their separation from the many 1enebrioid tribes is extremely sharp and constant on the basis of the absence of intersegmental membranes of distal sternites of abdomen. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 4 TENTYRIlNAE Moreover, Leconte and Horn's criterion of the presence of a distinct trochantin of mesocoxae in the American Asidini, does not hold for the Southern African Asidini, in which the trochantin is lacking or punctiform. Gebien's Asidinae are an artificially mixed group of tribes and set up as a last resource as the author himself correctly confesses. Consequently I shall not follow the modern interpretation of subfamilies, but unite under the subfamily of Tentyriinae all those Tene- brionidae in which the intersegmental membranes of abdomen are absent (tentyrioid Tenebrionidae). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway TENTYRIINAE 5

"d -- ba --

C FIG. 2D.-Aedeagus of a tenebrioid Tenebrionid (Anomalipus meles FAhraeus).- a=ventra] surface of aedeagus; b=lateral aspect of aedeagus, with the ventral surface at right; c=dorsal surface of aedeagus; d=penis. (ap=apica]e; ba=basale; p=penis.) The tribes of Tentyriinae are all extremely specialized and sharply separated from one another. There are no more intermediate forms left and their morphology differs to such an extent that there are few characters 'which disclose or indicate their intertribal phylogenetic connection. Their distribution covers the temperate zones of the world, but they are scattered in Australia, confined to the Southern and in particular Mediterranean countries in Europe, and have not developed endemic tribes on these two continents, nor in Asia. Their centre of evolution is undoubtedly Southern Mrica, where twelve sharply defined tribes occur (text-fig. 3), composed of the most spectacular and specialized Tene- brionidae of the world. Of these tribes four (Dactylocalcarini, Crypto- chilini, Calognathini and Vansonini) are endemic, two (Molurini and Eurychorini) are autochthonous to Africa, two (Zophosini and Adesmiini) are African-Asiatic, one (Asidini) is African-European- American, another one (Tentyriini) Mrican-Asiatic-American, and two (Zopherini and Stenosini) are distributed discontinuously over all five continents. Casey assumes for America sixteen tribes, but these, with the .exception of the world Zopherini, represent small, much less spectalized and differentiated forms, the inter-tribal connections of which "are not sharply interrupted as is the case in the Southern African tribes. Moreover, some of his tribes have not been recognized by later systema- Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 6 TENTYRIINAE

d e

FIG. 2E.-Aedeagus of a tenebrioid Tenebrionid (Zadenos [Serridenos] solenopistoma Koch).-a=ventral surface of aedeagus; b=lateral aspect of aedeagus, with the ventral surface at right; c= dorsal surface of aedeagus; d= outer surface of penis with single pair of laciniaj e=latero-diagonal aspect of penis with lacinia. (fapba=the fused apicale and basale j 1= lacinia; Ii = lateral impressions on dorsal surface of . aedeagus;p=penis; st=basal struts of penis.)

tists, and I suspect that several of them may in actual fact belong to the Tentyriini. Unfortunately no inter-continental studies have been carried out! A single African-Asiatic tribe, the Erodiini, does not reach Southern Africa. Phylogenetically the Tentyriinae may represent the most ancient group of Tenebrionidae, having derived from some extinct and alate group. They are all apterous and ground-living beetles, with the exception of most of the Epitragina of Tentyriini. The wings of the latter, however, as well as their arboreal habits, appear to be due to a recessive development, as they do not show any other relation with the many tenebrioid Tenebrionidae, which are alate and arboreal; on the other hand typically transitional forms occur in Southern Africa between alate Epitragina and apterous Tentyriina, which forbid the separation of both tribes. All Tentyriinae are eremophilous, exhibiting in their extreme desertic forms the highest degree of adaptation in overcoming the difficulties of existence in the wastes of the barren desert. The most specialized of these forms are to be found in the South African Namib desert. They are relicts of an ancient African-Turanian primary fauna, which can be reconstructed by the recent distribution of Adesmiini and many Tentyriini (e.g. Cyphostethe [*]). The Sahara, although much greater in extent than the Namib, offers only a few, rather indifferent and homogeneous, poorly specialized forms of primary Tentyriinae, but is densely populated by a strongly specialized, secondary fauna of tenebrioid Tenebrionidae. The latter, to which belong also the Pimeliini and

(*) cf. Gridelli's important discussion on the African-Asiatic relations in the Tenebrionidae, published in his modern "Comprehensive Catalogue of Arabian Tenebrionidae," 1953. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) TENTYRIINAE 7 -t ini have developed forms which closely resemble the desertic i1a ｩｾＱｩｮｾ･Ｎ＠ Phylogenetically, however, they are desertic tenebrioid en brionidae of a younger and secondary fauna, overlapping the still ｔｾｮｾｮｧ＠ primary representatives of Tentyriinae. As an example of such ･ｾｾ･ｴｩ｣｡ｬｬｙ＠｣ｯｮｶ･ｦｬｾ･ｮｴ＠ b.ut ｮｯｮＭｾ･Ｑ｡ｴ･､＠ｦｯｲｭｾＬ＠ I. may quote ｨｾｲｾ＠ only gh great similarity In habItus, vestIture and habItat III the Pro-NamIbIan (*) t e us Vansonium Koch and the Saharan genus Pseudostorthocnemis ｾｾ､･ｬｬｩ＠ as well as the similar habitus of certain Molurina and Pimelia, which has . been taken by Solier and Lacordaire to express a phylogenetic relationshIp. As observed in life the greater part of the South African Tentyriinae behave rather like small Vertebrata than insects. Most of them are slow-moving, nocturnal creatures, many umbral or crespuscular, but many also diurnal to highly heliotactic. Among the latter there are the fastest runners among the Coleoptera (e.g. Cardiosis, Ophthalmosis, Onymacris, Stenocara, etc.) some with extremely elongated legs, bearing the body high above the {evel of the soil (e.g. Stenocara phalangiu.m Gebien, Histrionotus Ｏｩｧｾｴﾭ footi [peringueyJ). Among the psammophIlous groups there are heho- tactic "sand-swimmers" and "sand-jumpers" (many Zophosini), nocturnal "sand-sinkers" (Lepidochora of Eurychorini) and an anophthalmous "sand-digger" (Dactylocalcar). Others are strictly petrophilous. Strongly pronounced myrmecophilous ｴ･ｮｾ･ｮ｣ｩ･ｳ＠ can be o?s.erved .in many ｚｯｰｾｾﾭ sini in nearly all the Adelostomma of Eurychonlll and III the Stenosml. ｔｨｾ＠ only truly cavernicolous Tentyriin so far known is the stridulating Symphochora simoni (Fairmaire) from the Makapan caves in the Northern Transvaal. Sound is produced in many ways. Apart from the unique knocking of .. "Tok-Tokkies" (Molurini), being the effect of rhythmic movements of the whole of hind-body, generally only in the r3 et), there exist occipital- pro thoracic stridulatory organs in the Cryptochilini and Vansonini, abdominal ones in the Epitragina and pseudopleural-femoral ones in the Tentyriina of Tentyriini and in a few Molurini. The size of body varies to a very large extent, viz. from a little more than 2 mm. to almost 80 mm. in length, with the Kalaharian Stridulomus sulcicollis (Peringuey) representing the largest Tenebrionid in the world.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN TRIBES OF TENTYRIINAE.

1. Mentum moderately large to small, leaving exposed cardo and stipes of maxillae and prelabium (text-fig. 62). Anterior margin of postgenae with a maxillary ridge or emargination (me in fig. 62). (Either scutellum large and about as broad as inter-humeral space of elytral base [PI. IV, fig. 5], or head elongate and with dorsally exposed basal peduncle [text-fig. 4], or the retracted portion of occiput with stridulatory organ (text-fig. 9], or mandibles strongly dimorphic, stag beetle-like and enlarged in the r3 [texc-fig. 5].) 2

(0) cf. Koch, 1952c, on the extension and division of the Namib Province. . (t) Only the cr was believed to "knock" but Mrs. S. R. Zenzinger, who carried Rut observations on the specifically differing rhythm, watched also 'i!'i! of Phanero- '.Ioma qlladricostatum (FAhraeus). producing knocking sounds with abdomen. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted under licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 8 TENTYRIINAE Mentum very large, concealing at least cardo and stipes of maxillae and often also prelabium (text-fig. 11)*. Anterior margin of postgenae with a more or less produced and enlarged maxillary lobe, running close to lateral margin of mentum or submentum (mp in text-fig. 12). (Never exhibiting particulars of opposing paragraph.) 6 2. Mesocoxae with trochantin (text-fig. 46); the latter rarely reduced or practically absent (text-fig. 45), but in this case the anterior margin of pronotum with prominent lobiform structures (pI. V; figs. 15-17). Scutellum very large, extending

VAN!>ONINI

...... ZOPHE.RINI _STENOSINI ••••••• CRVPTOCHILINII ....._aASIDINI ---- TENTYRIINA -.--' RDESMIINI ｾ＠ CAlOG.NATHINI .·······.. DAcTVlOCALCA.j ｾ＠ VAN50NlNl

FIG. 3.-Distribution of the tribes of Tentyriinae in Southern Mrica.-The Mo!u- , rini, Eurychorini, Zophosini and Epitragina of Tentyriini occur over the entire territory.

(.) In the tenebrioid Tenebrionidae this particular is exhibited but in the Anoma- Iipina of Platynotini (Opatrinae, cf. Koch, 1954b). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) TENTYRIINAE 9 across entire ｷｾ､ｴｨ＠ or mesothoracic peduncle; elytral base without vertical artIculatIon face, the pronotum consequently freely movable on scutellum. Antennae with eleven segments (text- fig. 64). Head not pedunculate (text-fig. 63). I. MOLURINI (PIs. III-XXIV, with the exception of fig. I on PI. III) (sensu Solier et Lacordaire [+ Sepidiini sensu Gebien, 1937b].) Wingless ground-living .beetles, ｡ｾｯｵｴ＠ 1,000 species and ｾ｡ｮｹ＠ genera occurring all over the Afncan contment (text-fig. 39), Arabia, Mesopo- tamia and the Circum-Mediterranean Province. The bulk of species and genera are Ethiopian and in particular Southern African, whereas only two genera of Sepidiina (Sepidium and Vieta) are represented in the Palaearctic and Saharan Regions. Key to subtribes, see p. 33.

Mesocoxae without trochantin (text-fig. 15) (*). Anterior margin of pronotum truncate or emarginate, without prominent and lobiform structures. Scutellum small or absent, in the former case occupying a small portion of the middle of elytral base; the latter with vertical articulation surface, opposing a similar articulation surface of pronotal base of prothorax, the pronotum thus prevented from moving on or overlapping scutellum and elytral base (text-fig. 4). In most cases, however, this structure is not visible, as both pro notal and elytral bases are solidly and closely attached to each other (which is never the case in the Molurini) (text-fig. 8). Antennae with ten or exceptionally nine segments, but in one tribe with eleven segments, when the head is strikingly elongate, with freely visible and demarcated cervical peduncle (text-fig. 4). 3

3. Body linear and small, not more than 5 rom. in length. Antennae with eleven segments. Head free, prognathous, elongate, with exposed, sharply ､ｾｭ｡ｲ｣｡ｴ･､＠ and sclerotized cervical peduncle; tempora and postgenae several times longer respectively than eyes and oral-frontal portion of underside (text-fig. 4). Pro- thorax elongate, sharply separated dorsally from elytra by the . exposed mesothoracic peduncle; pronotum much longer than broad (text-fig. 4), prosternum several times longer than procoxal cavities. Metasternum long, not shorter than basal sternite of abdomen and about three times as long as metacoxal cavities; episternum linear, several times longer than broad. Elytra loosely attached to pronotum.

.(0) Espanol, 1954, in his key to the tribes of Tenebrionidae, confounds trochanter with trochantin. He attributes to the Stenosini and Elenophorini "mesocoxas sin trocanteres", to the Akidini "mesocoxas con trocanteres". However, the trochanter is a divided or connate sclerite of, the femur, not pertaining to the coxa itself, while the trochantin, in Coleoptera, is referred to a sclerite often present on the outer side of mesocoxa. He figures the mesocoxa of Elenophorus and Akis (figs. 6 and 7, loco cit.), omitting to indicate the trochanter on fig. 6 of Elenophorus and the trochantin on fig. 7 of Akis. Elenophorus, in actual fact, exhibits a very reduced and small trochanter on intermediate femur and posterior one, whereas Akis possesses ,a large trochantin on mesocoxae, as well as a conspicuous trochanter on intermediate 'and posterior femora. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted under licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway TENTYRIINAE 9 across entire ｷｾ､ｴｨ＠ or mesothoracic peduncle; elytral base without vertical artIculatIon face, the pronotum consequently freely movable on scutellum. Antennae with eleven segments (text- fig. 64). Head not pedunculate (text-fig. 63). I. MOLURINI (PIs. III-XXIV, with the exception of fig. I on PI. III) (sensu Solier et Lacordaire [+ Sepidiini sensu Gebien, 1937b].) Wingless ground-living .beetles, ｡ｾｯｵｴ＠ 1,000 species and ｾ｡ｮｹ＠ genera occurring all over the Afncan contment (text-fig. 39), Arabia, Mesopo- tamia and the Circum-Mediterranean Province. The bulk of species and genera are Ethiopian and in particular Southern African, whereas only two genera of Sepidiina (Sepidium and Vieta) are represented in the Palaearctic and Saharan Regions. Key to subtribes, see p. 33.

FIG. 4A.-Mitotagenia kaszabi Koch, 1941c (Stenosini).-Upper surface of fronl body (cp=cervical peduncle; mp=mesothoracic peduncle; t=tempora).

V. STENOSINI (PI. II, fig. 21; text-figs. 4A--4C.) Wingless, petrophilous beetles with strongly pronounced myrmecophilous tendencies. Occurring in the arid and temperate regions of all five continents. The Arizona and California genus Araeoschizus Leconte falls within the range of variability of Stenosini and cannot be separated from the latter as an independent tribe (cf. Araeoschizini of Casey). Ranging on the African continent from North Africa to Cape Town (text-fig. 3), but on account of their filiform, ant-like appearance and hidden habitat, usually overlooked by collectors. From Southern Africa only one species was known from Cape Town. I have found many other species practically everywhere (cf. Ferreira, 1953), represented by the two genera Anethas Jacobs and Mitotagenia Reitter. The genus Meglyphus from the Cape Province, placed by Motschoulsky into the relationship of the Trans-Caucasian Stenosin Aspidocephalus, does not belong to the Tentyriinae but to the tenebrioid Opatrinae. It closely resembles Stenolamus Gebien, but forms, together with Pythiopus Koch, a tribe of Opatrinae (Pythiopini Koch, 1954b) which is endemic to the Western Cape Province and Great Namaqualand. In life the Stenosini are covered with an intense, bluish pruinescence. When disturbed· they are able to move backwards as do the Pseudo- scorpions. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) TENTYRIINAE 11

FIG. 4B.-Anethas teixeirai Ferreira FIG. 4C.-Anethas longiceps Fairmaire (ex Ferreira, 1950). (ex Ferreira, 1950). Body oval, broad to roundish, varying from 4 to 25 mrn. in length, but usually above 5 mrn. Antennae with ten or exceptionally with nine free segments. Head with at least the occipital portion amplected in prothorax, hypognathous and with vertical face, rarely porrect, transverse, without cervical peduncle; tempora and postgenae not or slightly longer than eyes or oral-frontal portion of underside respectively. Prothorax transverse, closely and solidly attached to elytra and generally also to mesosternum, without dorsally exposed mesothoracic notum; pro no tum transverse, pro sternum much shorter than procoxal cavities to about one-and-a-half times length of the latter. Metasternum short, at most one-and-a-half times as long as metacoxal cavities or about as long as basal sternite of abdomen; episternum broad, not subparallel, at best twice as long as broad. 4 4. Antennae with nine free segments (text-fig. 8). Eyes with a reduced number of strongly acinose corneal facets and with erect, blunt scales between facets (*). Base of pronotum with scuteJli- i (*) Scaly, setiferous or pilose eyes occur also in the Asiatic tribe of Lachnogyni, ｾｾ＠ｾ･ｬＱ＠ as in the Leichenini of Opatrinae. The latter are found also in Southern rtf" fflca and are probably cosmopolitan. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 12 TENTYRIINAE form prolongation at middle (text-fig. 8). Pro- and mesothorax solidly fused. Ill. VANSONINI (Text-figs. 6A. 8 and 9A.) After careful study of the tribal characters of Tentyriinae, I consider the peculiar South African Vansonium bushmanicum Koch to be the representative of an independent tribe. Exhibiting extremely specialized and adaptive particulars of a psammophilous Tenebrionid, this monotypical tribe is strictly confined to the Pro-Namibian area of Bushmanland (text-fig. 3). Antennae with ten free segments (text-fig. 7). Eyes simple, compound, of numerous and weakly acinose corneal facets, bare. Base of pronotum truncate (text-fig. 5). Pro- and mesothorax closely attached to each other, but not fused. 5 5. Mandibles strikingly dimorphic, in the ｾ＠ enlarged, lucanid-like, porrect and considerably longer than head (text-fig. 5). Head without stridulatory organ on amplected portion of occiput, bombous and with horizontal vertex. Eyes circular, not emarginated by genal canthus. MaxiIIae and prelabium inserted below anterior edge of postgenae. No epipleural structures on reflected portion of elytra. Elytra without primary rows. Under- side of femora not separated from lateral surfaces.

II. CALOGNATHINI (Text-figs. 5 and 6B.) Wingless and highly psammophilous insects, confined to the loose, windblown sand of the Namib desert. Occurring from south of the Orange River mouth up to the ｍｯｾ｡ｭ･､･ｳ＠ desert in Southern Angola (text-fig. 3). Monotypical. The single species, Calognarlrus chevrolarii Guerin, forms several isolated and sharply separable geographic subspecies.

FIG. 5.-c! of Calognarlrus chel'rolatii Guerin, 1836 (Calognathini).-Dorsal outlines. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway TENTYRJINAE 13 -

Flo. 6.- "Sand-shoes" (lateral ｶｩｾｷＩ＠＿ｾ＠ some South African Tentyriinae.-Pos· tenor tarsus and apex of posten or tibia of A = Vansollium bushmanicum Koch, 19S0b (Vansonini); B = Calognathus chevrolatii Guerin, 1836 (Calognathini); C= Pachynotelus spec. (Cryptochilini).

FIG. 7.-Antenna of a Pachynotelus (Cryptochilini), with the exceedingly FIG. 8.-Vallsonium bushmanicum Koch, enl rged two apical segments. 1950b (Vansonini).-Dorsal outlines.

Mandibles not dimorphic, much shorter than head and hypognathous as are the other oral organs (PI. II, fig. 10). Head with stridulatory organ on amplected portion of occiput; small, more or less enclosed by prothorax, with hypognathous vertex and the post genal portion of underside often concealed by a collar-like prolongation of prosternum. Eyes reniform, emarginated by genal canthus. Maxillae and prelabium inserted on anterior edge of post genae. Elytra with strongly demarcated epipleural margin and primary rows (PI. II, fig. 10). Underside of femora separated from lateral surfaces by sharply raised lateral carinae.

IV. CR YPTOCHILINI

(PI. II, figs. 10--12; text-figs. 6C, 7, 9B and 9C.) A Southern African autochthonous tribe of psammophilous, often deserticolous and constantly wingless beetles. With about 100 species, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher 14 TENTYRIINAE

spread all over the western part from Cape Town to Benguela and with a discontinuous East African group, extending close to the coast from Portu. East Africa to Italian Somaliland (text-fig. 3). Both areas are almost in contact with each other through a Trans-Bechuanian branch of the western groups. The Cryptochilini appear in two sharply separable subtribes. The Cryptochilina with collar-like prolongation of prosternum, horizontally produced prosternal apophysis and bi-costate elytra; the Horatomina with emarginate and non-prolongate prosternum, declivous prosternal apophysis and the dorsal surface of eiytra each with five primary rows. Both groups are beautifully coloured by the dense, scaly to pilose

FIG. 9);,. - Vansonium bushmanicum FIG. 9C.-Cychrochile erodioides Koch Koch,1950b(Vansonini).-Stridulatory (ex Koch, 1953b).-Anterior tibia with organ on retracted portion of occiput. tarsus.

FIG. 9B.-Cryptochile multicostata Koch (ex Koch, 1953b).-a=ventral view; b=lateral view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted TENTYRIINAE 15'

. ｾ･ｳｴｩｴｵｲ･＠ on upper surface of body. Many species of Horatomina are well_characterized by the presence of long and silky "sand-shoes" (text-fig. 6), which in the Southern African Tentyriinae occur also in the Calognathini, Vansonini and a few species of Molurina. ｍｾｴ｡ｳｴ･ｲｮｵｭ＠ either short, about as long as basal sternite of 6. abdomen or shorter (text-fig. 10), or prolonged and considerably longer than basal sternite; in the latter case, either the upper surface of body tomentose and very uneven (Zopherini) (PI. II, fig. 17) or body alate, elongate, with prognathous and free head, large scutellum, well-developed shoulders, punctate-striate elytra, transverse but not oblique metacoxal cavities, large and oblique epimera of mesosternum and the metasternum with a pre-metacoxal ｳｵｬｾｵｳＬＮ＠ but no ｯ｢ｬｩｧＮｵｾ＠ supplementary sulci on posterior half (Epltragma of Tentyrnm) (PI. I, figs. 14-17). 7 Metasternum prolonged, much longer than basal sternite of abdomen, about as long as the two proximal sternites taken together (text-fig. 31); with a few exceptions, exhibiting two sharp and oblique supplementary sulci on posterior half (os in text-fig. 32) and often also a pre-metacoxal sulcus (ps in text- fig. 32). Metacoxal cavities strongly oblique in position and transverse. Body apterous, oval to roundish, with hypognathous and more or less amplected head, without scutellum, without shoulders and with irregularly sculptured, non-striate elytra. Upper surface bare to finely pilose, never tomentose, plane, sometimes costate or with raised and shiny sculpture only on elytra (PI. I, fig. 5). Mesosternal epimera elongate, subparallel with elytral margin, their sutures often superficially impressed or not marked. 12 7. Outer edge of anterior tibiae with strong median tooth. (ERODIINI) (Text-fig. 9D.) A species of this tribe, Diodontes sulcatus, was described in 1834 by Solier from the Cape Province. As I have never seen any Erodiin from Southern Africa, Solier's patria is probably erroneous ("). The Erodiini are African-Asiatic, but do not cross the equator in the South. They are diffused in the Circum-Mediterranean Province, Canary Islands, Sahara, northern part of Tropical Africa and South- Eastern Asia. Outer edge of anterior tibiae without median tooth. 8 8. Epimeron of mesosternum elongate, subparallel anteriorly and running parallel with elytral margin from base to meta sternal episternum (text-fig. 10). Intercoxal process of abdomen very broad, distinctly and often much broader than submentum or

. (.. ) The dentiform dilation of the middle of carinate upper edge of anterior !lb!ae occurs frequently in the digging Opatrinae of tenebrioid Tenebrionidae, but It IS unusual within the Tentyriinae. Among the Southern African Tentyriinae I ｾｮｯｷ＠ only of the monotypical genus Cychrochile Koch from Bechuanaland, exhibit- Ing a ｳｨ｡ｾｰ＠ median tooth on anterior tibiae (text-fig. 9C), very similar to the tibial Ｌｳｴｾｵ｣ｴｵｲ･＠ In Erodiini. As a closely related form of Cychrochile has been recently ｗｏｉｬ･ｾｴ･､＠ by Mr. S. WaIters of SteIIenbosch University in the South-Western Cape ｾｲｯｶＡｮ｣･Ｌ＠ the possibility can not be excluded that Solier's Diodontes from the Cape ",.rOVInce may, in actual fact, be referred to the Cryptochilini. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted 16 TENTYRIINAE anal sternite (text-fig. 10). Antennae with eleven segments (text-fig. 13). Postgenal margin with maxillary tooth (text- fig. 11). Body not tomentose, with strongly raised and laterally declivous elytra.

VII. ADESMIINI

(PI. I, figs. 7-13; text-figs. 10-13.) (nov. comb.: Adesmiini + Epiphysini sensu Casey and Gebien, 1937b.)

a FIG. 9D.-Diodontes subscutellatus Lesne (ex Lesne, 1922).-a=lateral .outlines; b=dorsaloutlines.

FIG. IO.-Onymacris plana Peringuey, 1886 (Adesmiini).-Underside of hind-body (f=foramen; ms=mesosternum; msa=mesosternal apophysis; mse=episternum of mesosternum; msem=epimeron of mesosternum; mt=metasternum; pa=inter-coxal process of abdomen). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced - TENTYRIINAE 17

" " , " , , " , mp FIG. 11.-Epiphysa ｦｩ｡ｶｾ｣ｯｬｬｩｳ＠ (Fabricius, 1794) (Adesmiini).-Underside of head (m=mentum; mp=maxillary process of postgenal margin; pg=pregular cavity; sm= submentum).

sm m

mp FIG. 12.-Alogenius favosus (Erichson, 1843) (Adesmiini).-Underside of head (m=mentum; mp=maxillary process of postgenal margin; pg=pregular cavity; sm= submentum).

FIG. I3.-Antennae of Adesmiini, with sensorial portion of distal segments:- A=Onymacris spec.; B=Alogenius spec.; C=Epiphysa spec.

A Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced 18 TENTYRIINAE

The Adesmiini are for the most part heliotactic and generally very fast-running ground-beetles of the African steppes, savannas and deserts; a few of them are crepuscular, umbral and even nocturnal, with slow movements. All are apterous, with the shoulderless hind body closely attached to prothorax and sometimes solidly fused with the latter. In their distribution they agree to a certain extent with the Zophosini, Tentyriina of Tentyriini and Erodiini, having entered the Asiatic continent via Arabia into the Iranian, Turanian, Tartarian and Mongolian Provinces. From a total of about 220 species, almost half occur in Southern Africa. As is the case in the Zophosini and Eurychorini, the Southern African Adesmiini are split up into numerous greatly differentiated genera, while the Adesmiini of Tropical and Northern Africa and Asia are rather homogeneous, belonging to the large genus Adesmia, except for the south-eastern part of Tropical Africa, where two more genera, viz. Renatiella and Coeladesmia occur. These tropical genera penetrate into the northern parts of Southern Africa, while of the many Southern African genera only Ceradesmia membranacea Koch crosses north into the Katanga Province of the Southern Belgian Congo. Their distribution in Southern Africa (text-fig. 3) agrees rather well with the Cryptochilini, Stenosini and Tentyriina (of Ten- tyriini), being greatly developed in the West, by a Trans-Bechuanian branch reaching Portu. East Africa and absent in the central- and south-eastern parts. I do not see any reason for separating the Epiphysini from the other Adesmiini, as done by Casey and Gebien. The Southern African Epiphysa, as well as the North African Megagenius, are nocturnal Adesmiini, which, although modified, exhibit all the main features of Adesmiini, being clearly linked with the diurnal and crepuscular genera by the typically intermediate genus Alogenius. The Californian and Mexican Edrotini, and in particular the genus Edrotes, agree to such an extent with Epiphysa that Casey's theory of :onvergent development ought to be carefully re-examined. On the , other hand the Californian Craniotus pubescens Leconte, for which Casey erected the monotypical tribe Craniotini, does not have the appearance of an Adesmiin.

Epimeron of mesosternum short, transverse to triangular, confined to the apical portion of mesosternal episternum, and not prolonged towards base (text-fig. 28). Intercoxal process of abdomen narrow to moderately broad, distinctly narrower than mentum or anal sternite (text-fig. 28), except in the only Southern African Zopherin (PI. II, fig. 17) and a few strongly dilated, round and complanate Eurychorini (PI. II, figs. 4--7). In these exceptional cases, the body is either strongly complanate or tomentose, the antennae are ten-segmented (text-fig. 30) (with rarely a small and rudimentary eleventh segment), and the anterior margin of postgenae is produced into a large lobe, situated on each side of the mentum and submentum (text-fig. 29). 9 9. Epistome more or less tri-Iobate, with the median portion produced and apically arcuate, rounded, triangular or dentate (text-figs. 17-20); sometimes the median lobe very strongly produced, rostriform and separated from lateral portions by a deep, often semi-circular emargination (into which fits the base of mandibles), with the apical margin truncate, emarginate or dentate (text-fig. 16). Antennae eleven-segmented, with free apical segment (text-fig. 21). Head free, sometimes moderately amplected in pro thorax, often with supra-orbital carinula. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced TENTYRIINAE 19 VI. TENTYRIINI (PI. I, figs. 14--20; PI. II, fig. 20; text-figs. 14--22.) (nov. comb.: Tentyriini + Epitragini sensu Gebien, 1937b, and atlct.) On the basis of Southern African material it is impossible to separate the apterous Tentyriini from the usually alate Epitragini. In my revision of South African Epitragini and Tentyriini (1951) I have pointed out that a gradual change from fully winged to apterous species takes place within the genus Derosphaerius. With this reduction of wings

__ E - Em msa -e .em mte -pa

FIG. 15.-Broomium nudum Koch, 1950b (Tentyriini).-Underside of hind-body (E=episternum of mesosternum; e= episternum of metasternum; Em = epimeron of mesosternum; em=epimeron of metasternum; ms=mesosternum; msa= apophysis of mesosternum; mt=metasternum; mtc=metacoxal cavity, oblique FIG. 14.-Broomium nudum Koch, in position, as in Zophosini; pa= 1950b (Tentyriini).-Dorsal outlines. intercoxal process of abdomen).

-----SO

FIG. 16.-Broomium nudum Koch. FIG. 17.-Namaquaeon australe (Perin- 1950b (Tentyriini).-Upper surface of guey, 1908) (Tentyriini).-Dorsal out- head. (me=projecting median lobe of lines of front-body (me=projecting eplstome; so=supra-orbital crest). median lobe of epistome). 3 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced 20 TENTYRIINAE

is coupled a gradual shortening of metasternum, loss of shoulders, reduction of scutellum, but dilation of intercoxal process of abdomen. Casey took the premetacoxal sulci to be a peculiarity of Epitragini, but there are numerous Tentyriini with the same structure. The Tentyriini sensu novo have an African-Asiatic-American distribution, occurring also on the Canary and Cape Verde Islands and in the Circum-Mediterranean Province. Until some years ago Southern Africa was believed to be very poor in species of Tentyriini, whereas the abundance in Northern Africa was attributed to Turanian origin. After extensive field work, however, the number of species and genera has been practically quintupled. Among those new discoveries were such peculiar genera as are Broomium, Archinamibia, Nerinodon, Oppen- heimeria and Namibismus, while the Saharo-Turanian genus Cyphostethe was found to occur in Southern Africa in no less than ten species. Of the two sub tribes, the alate Epitragina are arboreal, but often also found under stones and in sand; they are nocturnal insects and usually good fiyers, occurring everywhere in Southern Africa. The Tentyriina are petrophilous to psammophilous, often deserticolous, nocturnal and only exceptionally heliotactic (Broomium); their Southern African range (text-fig. 3) agrees well with that of Adesmiini and Cryptochilini, viz. occupying the western part and with a Trans-Bechuanian branch.

Epistome not tri-lobate, with shallowly emarginated apical margin or the latter with a short, often irregularly dentate, median emargination (text-fig 30). Antennae either ten- segmented (text-fig. 30) or with eleven segments, in the latter case the apical segment very short to rudimentary and more or less enclosed in the tenth segment (text-fig. 24). Head more or less amplected in the prothorax, except in a few adelostomoid Eurychorini. 10 me I I I

I md I I mss FIG. 19.-Cychrachna carcharoides Koch, 1950b (Tentyriini).-Lateral outlines of front-body (ai= antennalinsertion; md=mandible; me=median lobe of epistome; mss=mesosternal sulcus).

FIG. 18.-Cychrachna carcharoides Koch, 1950b (Tentyriini). - Dorsal outlines (me = projecting median lobe of epistome).

10. Prosternal apophysis flat, from base to apex on same level with pro sternum, much broader than mentum and about three times as broad as coxal cavity. Mentum small, barely broader than labrum. Eyes with very fine and flat corneal facets. Meta- Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced TENTYRIINAE 21

Flo. 20.-0' of Derosphaerius (s.str.) anthracinus Westwood, 1889 (Tentyriini).- A=dorsal outlines of head and pronotum; B=lateral outlines of head.

sternum considerably longer than basal sternite of abdomen. Body tomentose, the lateral outlines of pronotum and elytra with large, lobiform and irregular processes. VIII. ZOPHERlNI (PI. II, fig. 17.) One of the most curious tribes of Tenebrionidae, with a relict-like distribution on four continents; prevailing in the southern part of North America and occurring in the isolated genera Scoriaderma and Zopherosis in the tropical parts of Africa and New South Wales respectively; the North American Phellopsis with three species also in Japan and the north-eastern part of the Asiatic continent. Scoriaderma cordicolle Waterhouse enters Southern Africa in Southern Rhodesia, where it was frequently collected by Dr. G. van Son in the Chirinda Forest. In its uneven and tomentose upper surface it resembles a piece of bark and was observed, during wet weather, crawling on the bark of trees or logs. It appears to be rather closely related to the Venezuelian Meralius furcatus Kirsch, with which it agrees also in the length of metasternum. Prosternal apophysis convex and declivous, with the apex situated on a much lower level than prosternum, much narrower than mentum and at most as broad as coxal cavity. Mentum large, considerably broader than labrum. Corneal facets of eyes convex and coarse. Metasternum sometimes as long as basal sternite, but usually much shorter than the latter. Body not tomentose, the lateral outlines of pronotum and elytra smooth or minutely crenulate to serrate-denticulate. 11 11. Head small, strongly hypognathous, with the underside more or less concealed by pro sternum ; mandibles large and dorsally exposed; maxillary portion of postgenal margin with a rounded, obtuse, smaller and less produced lobe. Elytra strongly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated Gateway under licence granted by Sabinet Reproduced 22 TENTYRIINAE

FIG. 22.-Cyphostethe (Himastethe) gigantea Koch, 1950b (Tentyriini).- Underside of head (ai=antennal insertion; cs= cervical sulcus; gu = gula; m=mentum; md=mandible; mp= FIG. 21.-Asphaltesthes (s.str.) impressi- maxillary process of postgenal margin; pennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Tentyriini).- pg= postgena; pgus= pre gular. sulci; Antenna (lateral view). pl=prelabium; sm=submentum).

convex. Episternum of metasternum broad, with the metacoxal cavities widely separated from lateral margin of elytra (text-fig. 28). Mesocoxae without or with a rudimentary and punctiform trocHantin. Antennae with eleven segments, exceptionally with ten. x. AS!DIN! (PI. II, figs. 13-16; text-figs. 23-28.) A large tribe, of which about 1,000 species have been described. Its distribution is strikingly discontinuous, the centres being the North- Western Mediterranean Province, Northern America, Madagascar and Southern Africa (text-fig. 3); poorly represented in Central and Eastern Europe, Southern America and in the eastern part of North America; completely absent from Asia, Australia and Tropical Africa, except for the south-eastern part. The Asidini are consequently the only known tribe of Tentyriinae which, although well-developed in Northern and Southern Africa, are almost extinct in the intermediate Ethiopian Region. The southernmost species of the Northern African genera is Alphasida (Gymnetasida) saharensis Koch from the Tripolitanian Hamada-el-Hamra (about 30° north latitude), and the northernmost of the Southern African genera is a new species from the south-eastern part of the Belgian Congo (Upemba Park, about 9° south latitude). The genera of both these African ranges are different and endemic. As opposed to the American and Palaearctic Asidini (teste Horn, Leconte & Horn and Reitter), the Southern African Asidini lack a distinct trochantin of mesocoxae, nor is the eleventh segment of antennae always visible. There are about 70 species known from Southern Africa, but many more, still unknown forms have to be described in the subsequent volumes of this monograph. The majority are montane species, isolated and strongly differentiated, of subterranean habits and consequently difficult to collect. Several alpine species have been reported from the Spanish Sierras and Moroccan Atlas Mts., but in South Africa they have also developed specialized forms, which live exclusively in the summit regions of high mountain ranges (cf. Machlo- morpha altitudinis Peringuey, collected on the top of Mont-aux-Sources at an altitude of approximately 10,000 feet). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by TENTYRIINAE 23

ＭｾＭＭＭＭｰ＠ . ----- pe --- m -----. as --mp -----pa

" -'-';pc FIG. 25. - Pseudomachla (s.str.) cafJra (Fahraeus, 1870) (Asidini).- Underside of prothorax (as= antenna I sulcus; /=foramen; p= FIG 23. - Pseudomachla (s.str.) prosternum; pa=prosternal apo- caffra (?ahraeus, 1870) (Asidini).---: physis; pc=procoxal cavity; pe = Underside of head (m=mentum, episternum of prosternum). mp= mandibular process of postgenal margin). FIG. 24.-Pseudomachla (s.str.) 24 cafJra (Fahraeus, 1870) (Asidini).- Antenna (lateral view).

FIG. 27.-Pseudomachla (s.str.) cafJra (FAhraeus, 1870) (Asidini).-Basal foramen of hind-body, opposing the basal foramen of prothorax (sectional view). FIG. 26.-Pseudomachla (s.str.) cafJra (Fahraeus, 1870) (Asidini). - Basal foramen of prothorax in sectional view.

------mtem

FIG. 28.-Pseudomachla (s.str.) cafJra (Fahraeus, 1870) (Asidini).-Underside of hind-body (f=foramen; mtem=the ｴｲｾｮｳｶ･ｲｳ･＠ epimeron of metasternum, widely separating the metacoxal cavities from elytral margin). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 24 TENTYRIINAE Head large, prognathous, with exposed underside; mandibles concealed by the enlarged'sides of epistome; maxillary portion of postgenae with large, strongly produced, subtruncate to triangular lobes, extending to almost level with apical margin of mentum. Elytra more or less complanate. Episternum of metasternum moderately broad; the metacoxal cavities extending closely to lateral margin of elytra. Antennae ten-segmented, exceptionally with rudimentary eleventh segment.

mp--

FIG. 29.-Stips dohrni (Haag, 1872) Ｈｅｵｲｹ｣ｨｯｲｩｮｩＩＮｾｖ･ｮｴｲ｡ｬ＠ outlines (m=mentum; mp=maxillary process of postgenal margin).

IX. EURYCHORINI

(PI. II, figs. 1-9; text-figs. 29 and 30A.) The Eurychorini are specialized Tenebrionidae and there is no other group in the world with which they can be compared. Phylogenetic relations to the Stenosini may be probable. Some Southern African Litoborini exhibit convergent features of habitus (text-fig. 30B), but they are widely separated from the Eurychorini in belonging to the tenebrioid Tenebrionidae. They are a Pan-African tribe of apterous, petro philo us, cavernicolous to highly psammophilous beetles, of nocturnal and rarely crepuscular habits. The evolution centre is Southern Africa (text-fig. 3) and only a few forms are extra-African, occurring in Southern Spain, Medi- terranean Asia and Arabia. The tribe is sharply separable into the Eurychorina and Adelostomina, the latter decidedly myrmecophilous. Of the 32 known genera, 20 are endemic to Southern Africa and 4 are found in both Southern and Tropical Africa. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by - TENTYRIINAE 25

FIG 30A.-Eurychora nitida Haag, 1872' (Eurycnorini).-Upper surface of head Ｈ･ｾ］･ｰｩｳｴｯｭ｡ｬ＠ emargination; I=labrum; sa=supra-antennal convexity of gena).

FIG. 30B.-Hanstroemium spini/erum Koch, a tenebrioid Tenebrionid of Litoborini, strikingly resembling the Adelostomina of Eurychorini.

8. Mesosternum with sharply defined anterior peduncle. Meta- sternum with two sharp and oblique, supplementary sulci on posterior half (os in figs. 31-33), except in Cerosis (and a few still unknown South African genera, which will be published in the subsequent volumes of monograph). Outlines of posterior tibiae smooth. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 26 TENTYRIINAE XI. ZOPHOSINI (PI. I, figs. 1-6; text-figs. 31-35.) Extremely fast and heliotactic "sand-swimmers" or "sand-jumpers" and one of the most peculiar tribes of Tenebrionidae, which if any- thing show a slight relationship to the Tentyriini (cf. Broomium Koch, 1951), but not to the Erodiini. The evolution centre is Southern Africa, where about 50 % of species and eight of the ten described genera occur. The genus Zophosis is Pan-African, but also widely spread in the Circum-Mediterranean, West- and Central-Asiatic Provinces of the Palearctic Region. Since the monographic work done by Deyrolle and Chatanay, the Zophosini are a well-studied group, with the exception of the Southern African forms. Most of the latter have not yet been described, including the groups of saltatorial and myrmecophilous Zophosini, which will be made known subsequently. . Mesosternum without separated anterior peduncle. Metasternum without oblique supplementary sulci on posterior half. Outlines of posterior tibiae crenulate.

- -- !TIte ---os

FIG. 31.-Zophosis testudinaria (Fabricius, 1787) (Zophosini).-Underside of hind- FIG. 32.-0nychosis gracilipes Dey- body (ms=mesosternum; mse=epister- rolle, 1867 (Zophosini).-Underside of num of mesosternum; msem=epimeron of hind-body (os= oblique, supplementary mesosternum; mt=metasternum; mte= sulcus; ps= pre-metacoxal sulcus). episternum of metasternum; os= oblique. supplementary sulcus, delimiting metasternal ｡ｰｯｰｨｹｳｩｾＩＮ＠

ｘｉｾ＠ DACTYLOCALCARINI (Text-figs. 36-38.) Based on the anophthalmous and highly specialized genus Dactylo- calcar Gebien, endemic to the sandy dunes of the Namib desert. The tribal rank of this group is rather doubtful following the discovery of the ophthalmous genus Protodactylus Koch in the Angolan Namib. Subsequent to the description of Protodactylus, several other, as yet undescribed genera of Zophisini have been collected, exhibiting intermediate characters and obscuring the systematic limits between Zopho- sini and Protodactylus. The anophthalmy of Dactylocalcar, however, is unique among the Tentyriinae of the world. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under TENTYRIINAE 27

FIG. 33.-Cardiosis mouffleti Deyrolle, 1867 (Zophosini).-Ventral outlines (os= oblique, supplementary sulcus).

FIG. 34.-Zophosis testudinaria (Fabricius, 1787) FIG. 35.-Zophosis testudinaria (Zophosini).-Underside of head (m= mentum; (Fabricius, 1787) (Zophosini).- mp=maxillary orocess of oostgenal margin). Anterior leg. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 28 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 36/37.-Dactylocalcar caecus Gebien, (Dactyloca1carini).-Lateral outlines.

FIG. 38.-Dactylocalcar caecus Gebien, 1938 (Dactyloca1carini).-Posterior leg.

I. MOLURINI

DIAGNOSIS.-Body apterous, slender to roundish, depressed to strongly convex and bombous, 4 to 80 mm. long.-Head hypognathous, rarely porrect, with free upper surface and often vertical face. Epistome usually produced, often sharply separated from genae, truncate or shallowly emarginated, with pre-frontal sulcus and clypeal sutures. Supra- antennal portion large. Eyes lateral in position, compound, of numerous corneal facets, usually emarginated by genal canthus, rarely free. Labrum prominent. Mandibles large, usually exposed dorsally. Mentum moderately large, narrowed towards base, subpedunculate, leaving exposed cardo and stipo of maxillae and prelabium. The latter emarginated, with the labial palpi inserted at sides of base. Apical segment of maxillary palpi subcylindrical to slightly securiform, in a single case (Namibomodes [Palpomodes] physopterus [Gebien]) extraordinarily enlarged (text-fig. 41). Anterior margin of postgenae with' maxillary ridge or emargination. Antennae filiform to subcylindrical, eleven- segmented, with elongate third segment; distal segments often dilated, sometimes strongly compressed, rarely with the two apical segments forming a kind of club; apical segment rounded to attenuate apically.- Prothorax extremely variable in shape and sculpture (text-fig. 45), usually with demarcated pronotum and often with the posterior foraminal carina exposed dorsally. Prosternum often prolongate and then collar-like, more or less concealing the postgenal to mental portions of underside of .head; intercoxal apophysis to a great extent variable in shape and width.-S cut ell u m strikingly broad, extending across entire width of Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under INTRODUCTION

ScoPE.-The monograph contains all hitherto known Tenebrionidae from Southern Africa of which only about 1,500 species have been described. The many, still undescribed forms, will be made known subsequently and according to their systematic order. It is therefore unavoidable to refer in generic and tribal keys sometimes to new genera or tribes, the description of which may be given in one of the ｳｵ｢ｳ･ｱｵ･ｾｴ＠ volumes. At the end of the monograph, however, a summary volume wIll be published, comprising indices, as well as a complete and revised key to tribes and genera. SYSTEMATIC ORDER.-The modern systematics, laid down in Gebien's catalogue of the Tenebrionidae of the world (1937-1942), has been adopted in the main. I have departed from this order only in such cases in which a change has become necessary on the basis of new and well- documentated data. Besides no linear representation of the phylogeny of so complicated and ancient a coleopterous family as are the Tene- brionidae can ever be stricty applied. SOUTHERN AFRICAN FAUNA.-Following the generally accepted opinion, I have included in this monograph all Tenebrionidae, coming from African localities, situated south of a line drawn across the continent from the Kunene River in the West to the Zambesi River in the East (cf. map 2). Species from the North of these limits have only been taken into consideration, when they were clearly peripheral forms of genera which are predominant in Southern Africa. Such exceptional cases apply especially to forms from South-Western Angola, where the ancient fauna of the Namib desert crosses the Kunene River towards the North. On the basis of zoogeographic discoveries and conclusions I have divided this area into a Western and an Eastern faunistic region, but, in the North, both are overlapped by a "Trans-Bechuanian" zone, extending from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. This is confirmed by the distribution of the greater part of Southern African Tenebrionidae and, in this volume, the distribution map to the genus Somaticus (map 1) may be consulted. MATERIAL.-About a million specimens have been studied; these have been placed at my disposal by institutions and private collectors, and in part collected by myself. They include almost all holotypes of Southern Mrican species, with the exception of Mulsant & Rey's Opatrinae. The latter have been preserved in the Museum Lyon in such a way that they cannot be moved from the cork of the drawers, into which they have been pinned. In a few cases more recently collected specimens have been compared for me with the holotypes. Names of collectors are printed in ｩｾ｡ｬｩ｣ｳＮ＠ Institutions, where the material referred to is preserved, are men- tIOned in parentheses. With the exception of all indications as to the whereabouts of types, the following abbreviations are used for major collections of institutions. A for Agricultural Research Institute of the University Pretoria; B for British Museum (Natural History); xi Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) the by granted under licence Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by xii INTRODUCTION BCM for Musee Royal du Congo Beige, Tervuren; C.M. " Coryndon Museum, Nairobi; D " Museum and Art Gallery, Durban; F " Museum Frey, Miinchen; IPN " Institut des Pares Nationaux du Congo Beige, Bruxelles; IR " Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles; K for MacGregor Museum, Kimberley; L " University Lund; M.B. " Zoolog. Museum Humboldt Universitat, Berlin; M.C.A. " Science Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; M.D. for Museu Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, Dundo; M. St. " Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm; N " National Collection of Insects, Department of Agri- culture, Pretoria; R for National Museum of Southern Rhodesia, Bulawayo; Rh " Rhodes University, Grahamstown; S " South African Museum, Cape Town;. St " Stellenbosch University; T " Transvaal Museum, Pretoria; Z " Zoologische Staats-Sammlung, Miinchen. LOCALITIEs.-All cited localities are listed under the district, where they are situated. The numbers of districts refer to auxiliary map 2, which is divided into the following Southern African administrative provinces, ,each subdivided into districts: Cape Province Orange Free State Transvaal Basutoland Swaziland Natal South West Africa Bechuanaland Southern Rhodesia Portuguese East Africa. All indications as to the situation of localities are printed in italics, viz. administrative provinces and numbers of districts. The latter begin for each of the administrative provinces with 1 on the westerqmost double-degree of longitude and the southernmost double-degree of latitude, progress towards East and continue again in the West on the next northern double-degree of latitude, and so on. An alphabetic index of districts and the respective numbers are found on p ... of this volume. TAXONOMIC UNITS.-Subfamily groups, subfamilies, species and subspecies are not marked with a number, whereas an enumeration has been used for the other units, which are listed as follows: tribes with continuous latin numbers; subtribes or generic groups independently with latin capitals; genera with continuous arabic numbers; subgenera independently with latin minuscules; Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by INTRODUCTION xiii morpho-geographic groups of species independently with the latin minuscule of the respective subgenus, followed by an arabic number (e.g. "a/I").

ｓｉｇｾｓ＠ OF SYNONYMOUS LISTS. Number of year in usual roman print (e.g. "1873"): The cited passage contributes to the knowledge of species . • in front of number of year (e.g. ". 1873"): The cited passage contains the original description of species. Number of year in italic print (e.g. "1873"): The cited passage only mentions the species, but does not give a description, nor contributes in any way to the knowledge of species. v. in front of number of year (e.g. "v. 1873"): I have examined the specimens referred to in the cited passage. 0: figure of body; r.: figure of head or front-body; '-I: figure of hind-body, parts of abdomen or aedeagus. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by PLATES

17 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher granted by licence Gateway under Sabinet by Reproduced PLATE I Explanation of figures FIG. 1 Zophosis boei Solier, 1834, specimen from ｏｶ｡ｭ｢ｯｬ｡ｮ､ＮＭｄｯｲｾ｡ｬ＠ view. la Zophosis boei.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). Ib Zophosis boei.-Maxilla (ventral view). lc Zophosis boei.-Antenna (lateral view). 2 Zophosis testudinaria (Fabricius, 1787), specimen from the Cape Pro- vince.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 2a Zophosis testudinaria.-Maxilla (ventral view). 3 Onychosis gracilipes Oeyrolle, 1867, specimen from Walvis Bay.-Dorsal view. 3a Onychosis gracilipes.-Antenna (lateral view). 4 Tarsosis damarensis (Peringuey, 1886).-Dorsal view. 4a Tarsosis damarensis.-Antenna (lateral view). 5 Cardiosis /airmairei /airmairei Peringuey, 1886.-Dorsal view. 5a Cardiosis /airmairei /airmairei.-Antenna (lateral view). 7 Onymacris paiva confluells Haag, 1875.-Dorsal view. 7a Onymacris paiva confluens.-Antenna (lateral view). 8 Onymacris marginipennis palgravei Peringuey, 1885.-Dorsal view. 9 Physosterna aculeata (Peringuey, 1886).-Oorsal view. 10 Renatiella (Spongesmima) scrobipennis (Haag, 1875).-Dorsal view. II Stenodesia (s.str.) globulum (Haag, 1875).-Dorsal view. Ila Stenodesia (s.str.) globulum.-Antenna (lateral view). 12 Epiphysa flavicollis (Fabricius, 1794).-Mentum (ventral view). 12a Epiphysa flavicollis.-Maxilla (ventral view). 13 Epiphysa barbata Koch, 1951.-Dorsal view. 13a Epiphysa barbata.-Antenna (lateral view). 14 Himatismus (Curimosphena) patruelis Bertoloni, 1849.-Mentum and labial palpi (ventral view). 14a Himatismus (Curimosphena) patruelis.-Maxilla (ventral view). 15 Himatismus (Curimosphena) /asciculosus (Gebien, 1937).-Dorsal view. 15a Himatismus (Curimosphena) /asciculosus.-Antenna (lateral view). 16 Himatismus (Curimosphena) buprestoides Gerstaecker, I 854.-Dorsal view. 16a Himatismus (Curimosphena) buprestoides.-Antenna (lateral view). 17 Himatismus (s.str.) goetzelmanni Chatanay, 1914.-Dorsal view. 17a Himatismus (s.str.) goetzelmanni.-Antenna (lateral view). 18 Rhammatodes (s.str.) longicornis Haag, 1875, sensu lato, probably subsp. spitzkoppensis Koch, I 952c. 18a Rhammatodes (s.str.) longicornis.-Antenna (lateral view). 19 Rozonia (s.str.) strigicollis Fairmaire, 1888.-Dorsal view. 19a Rozonia (s.str.) strigicollis.-Antenna (lateral view). 20 Rhytinota (Rhytistena) gracillima lesnei Koch, 1943b.-Dorsal view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Southern Africa, Vol. I. Plate I.

t:1S.Afr. Museum Vol DESCRCAT S.AFR.COLEOPTERA PLNfS I

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SOUTH AFRICAN TENEBRIONIDAR Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher granted by licence Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced PLATE II Explanation of figures

FIG. 1 Eurychora nitida Haag, 1875.-Dorsal view. 1a Eurychora nitida.-Maxilla (ventral view). 1b Eurychora nitida.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). lc Eurychora nitida.-Antenna (lateral view). 2 Pogonobasis ovata (FAhraeus, 1870).-Dorsal view. 3 Pogonobasis hirsuta Peringuey, 1892.-Dorsal view. 3a Pogonobasis hirsuta.-Antenna (lateral view). 4 Lycanthropa cimicoides (Quensel, 1806).-00rsal view. 5 Stips costata grandis Koch, 1952b.-Dorsal view. 6 Stips dohrni (Haag, 1872).-Dorsal view. 7 Cimicia spinipes Fairmaire, 1891.-Dorsal view. 8 Geophanus p/icico//is Fairmaire, 1888.-Dorsal view. 8a Geophanus p/icico//is.-Antenna (lateral view). 9 Geophanus /oveatipennis Peringuey, 1908.-Dorsal view. 10 Cryptochile maculata (Fabricius, 1781).-Dorsal view. lOa Cryptochile maculata.-Mentum and pre1abium (ventral view). lOb Cryptochile maculata.-Maxilla (ventral view). 10c Cryptochile maculata.-Antenna (lateral view). 11 Saccophorella namaqua Koch, 1952a.-Oorsal view. 11a Saccophorella namaqua.-Hind-leg; distal portion of tibia, calcaria and tarsus (lateral view). Ilb Saccophorella namaqua.-Antenna (lateral view). 12 Pachynotelus spec.-Hind-Ieg; tibia, calcaria and tarsus (lateral view). 13 Pseudomachla (s.stf.) caffra (FAhraeus, 1870).-Dorsal view. 13a Pseudomachla (s.stf.) caffra.-Antenna (lateral view). 13b Pseudomachla (s.stf.) caffra.-Maxilla (ventral view). 13c Pseudomachla (s.stf.) caffra.-Mentum with the projecting portion of ｬ｡ｾｩ｡ｬ＠ palpi (ventral view). 14 Pseudomachla (s.str.) porcella (FAhraeus, 1870).-Dorsal view. 14a Pseudomachla (s.stf.) porcella.-Antenna (lateral view). 15 A/rasida (Asidomachla) trivialis (FAhraeus, 1870).-00rsal view. 15a A/rasida (Asidomachla) trivialis.-Antenna (lateral view). 16 A/rasida n.sp., probably from the Cape Province.-Dorsal view. 16a A/rasida n.sp.-Antenna (lateral view). 16b A/rasida n.sp.-Mentum (ventral view). 16c A/rasida n.sp.-Maxilla (ventral view). 17 Scoriaderma cordicolle (Waterhouse, 1880).-Dorsal view. 17a Scoriaderma cordicolle.-Antenna (lateral view). 17b Scoriaderma cordicolle.-Maxilla (ventral view). 17c Scoriaderma cordicolle.-Submentum and mentum (ventral view). 18 Carchares macer Pascoe, 1887.-Dorsal view. 18a Carchares macer.-Antenna (lateral view). 18b Carchares macer.-Maxilla (ventral view). 18c Carchares macer.-Mentum and pre1abium (ventral view). 19 Herpiscius spinolai Solier, 1836.-Dorsal view. 19a Herpisci/ls spinolai.-Antenna (lateral view). 19b Herpiscius spinolai.-Maxilla (ventral view). 19c Herpiscius spinolai.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 20 Cychrachna carcharoides Koch, 1950b.-Dcrsal view. 20a Cychrachna carcharoides.-Antenna (lateral view). 20b Cychrachna carcharoides.-Mentum and labial palpi (ventral view). 21 Anethas tenuitarsis Reitter, 1886.-Dorsal view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Southern Africa, Vol. I. Plate II.

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A Raff'ray del Heliog ,Dujard1n Parls SOUTH AFR1CAN TENEB"R10NlDAE Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) PLATE III Explanation of figures FIG. 1 A metrocera aI/rita ｆｾｨｲ｡･ｵｳＬ＠ 1870.-Dorsal view. Ia Ametrocera aurita.-Antenna (lateral view), erroneously with only eight segments. 2 Phligra cristata (De Geer, 1778).-Dorsal view. 2a Phligra cristata.-Antenna (lateral view). 2b Phligra cristata.-Maxilla (ventral view). 2c Phligra cristata.-Mentum and pre1abium (ventral view). 3 Euphrynus spinithorax Fairmaire, 1897.-Lateral outlines, the elytra incrusted with particles of soil. 4 Dichtha cubica (Guerin, I 845).-Dorsal view 4a Dichtha cubica.-Antenna (dorsal view). 4b Dichtha cubica.-Maxilla (ventral view). 4c Dichtha cubica.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 5 Distretus (s.str.) mashunus Peringuey, 1896.-Dorsal view. 5a Distretus (s.str.) mashunus.-Antenna (lateral view). 6 Distretul (Perdistretus) angustipennis Peringuey, 1892.-Dorsal view. 7 Euphrynus sexdentatus Koch, 1952d.-Dorsal view. 7a Euphrynus sexdentatus.-Lateral outlines. 8 Amiantus gibbosus ｆｾｨｲ｡･ｵｳＬ＠ 1870.-Dorsal view. 9 Amiantus manicanus Peringuey, 1899.-Dorsal view. 10 Moluris semiscabra Solier, 1843.-Dorsal view. 11 Moluris nitida Haag, 1871.-Dorsal view. 12 Psammodes ventricosus ｆｾｨｲ｡･ｵｳＬ＠ 1870.-Dorsal view. 13 Psammodes fartus Peringuey, I904.-Dorsal view. 14 Psammodes vialis (Burchell, 1822), subsp. nov. from the Pieters burg District.-Dorsal view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, ｃＮＭｾｯｮｯｧｲ｡ｰｨ＠ Tenebrionidae Southern AfrIca, Vol. I. Plate III.

Ann.S.Afr Museum Vol. DESCRCAT. S.AFRCOLEOPTERA PLATE 1][

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FJG. I Phanerotoma (s.str.) procursum (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view. 2 Phanerotoma (s.str.) placidum (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view. 3 Phanerotoma (s.str.) praestans (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view. 4 Phanenotoma (s.str.) steinheili (Haag, 1878).-Dorsal view. 5 Phanerotoma (Chiliarchum) bertolonii (Guerin, 191O).-Dorsal view. 6 Hypomelus profugus (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view. 7 Hypomelus plausibilis Peringuey, 1899.-Dorsal view. 8 Hypomelus interstitialis (Haag, 1871).-Darsal view. 9 Hypomelus inaequalis Salier, 1843.-Dorsal view. 9a Hypomelus inaequalis.-Maxilla (ventral view). 9b Hypomelus inaequalis.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 10 Hypomelus sp. nov. (Cape Province).-Dorsal view. II Hypomelus setosocostatus (Haag, 1871).-Dorsal view. 12 Oxura setosa Kirby, 1818.-Dorsal view. I3 Oxura sp. nov. (Cape Province).-Dorsal view. 13a Oxura sp. nov.-Maxilla (ventral view). l3b Oxura sp. nov.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 14 Trachynotus albulus Peringuey, 1886.-Dorsal view. 15 Somaticus (Tracheloeum) laticol/is laticollis (Hope, I 840).-Dorsal view. 16 Somaticus (Tracheloeum) silphoides peringueyi nov.-Dorsal view. 17 Somaticus (Trichotrichus) serratus (Peringuey, 1885).-Dors1\1 view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate IV. Southern Africa, Vol. l.

Ann.S.Ai'r.Museum Vol. DESCR.CAT S.AFR.COLEOPTERA PLATEIV

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FIG. Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) bohemani bohemani (Haag, 1873).-Dorsal view. 2 Somaticus (Acromaticus) nitens (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view. 3 Trachynottls reticulatus (De Geer, 1778), Cj>.-Dorsal view. 4 Somaticlls (Tracheloeum) impressicollis (Peringuey, I 885).-Dorsal view. 5 Somaticus (Trachyderes) goryi (Solier, 1843).-Dorsal view. 6 Somaticus (Somaticus) aeneus (Solier, 1843).-Dorsal view. 6a Somaticus (Somaticus) aeneus.-Maxilla (ventral view). 6b Soma/ieus (Somaticus) aeneus.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 7 Somaticus (Somaticus) ｧｬ｡｢ｲｩｾ･ｮｴｲｩｳ＠ nov.-Dorsal view. 8 Somaticus (Acromaticus) ｡､ｾ･ｮｴｩｴｵｳ＠ (Peringuey, 1899).-Dorsal view: 9 Histrionotus Iightfooti (Peringuey, 1892).-Dorsal view. 10 Somaticus (Clinocranion) planatus drukeri nov.-Dorsal view. II Somaticus (Clinocranion) spinosus (Solier, 1843).-Dorsal view. 12 Somaticus (Trachyderes) gracilipes (Haag, I 873).-Dorsal view. 13 Oxycerus resolutus (Peringuey, 1904).-Dorsal view. 14 Ossiporis terrena rhodesiana Koch, I 953e.-DorsaJ view. 14a Ossiporis terrena rhodesiana.-Lateral view of anterior body. 15 Echinotus spinicollis (Laporte de Castelnau, 1840).-Dorsal view. 15a Echinotus spinicollis.-Lateral view of anterior body. 16 Vieta crinita Allard, I 882.-Dorsal view. J 6a Vieta crinita.-Mentum and prelabium (ventral view). 17 Vieta ｴｲ｡ｮｳｾ･ｲｳ｡＠ (Fairmaire, 1888).-Dorsal view. 18 Spinophrynus spinipennis (Gebien, 1910).-Dorsal view. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate V. Southern Africa, Vol. I.

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FIG. I.-Pterostichula diaphana sp.l1ov. in litt. (Brandkaross, North-western Little Namaqualand), 5 x . FIG. 2.-Namibomodes (s.str.) rudebecki Koch, 19S2d, 71 X. FlG. 3.-Synhimba hyalinum hyalinum Koch, 1952d, 2* x. FIG. 4.-Namibol1lodes {Pa/pomodes} physopterus (Gebien, 1920), 4 x . FIG. 5.-0xura araclllloides sp.nov. in litt. (KJeinzee, North-western Little Nama- qualand), 2 x . FIG. 6.-Decol"iplus (g.noy. in litt.) pictus (Haag, 1871), 3x . FIG. 7.-Hypomelus hraUllsi sp.nov. in litt. (Willowmore, South-Central Cape Province). 3 x . FIG. 8.-Hypome/us hispidlls sp.nov. in Jitt. (Willowmore, South-Central Cape Province), 2 x . FIG.9.-Trachynotidlls XXI-lineatus sp.nov. in Iitt. (A us, Southern Great Nama- q ualand). 2 x . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate VI. Southern Africa, Vol. 1.

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Explanation of figures

FIG. 1. -P/lIllll'rolOma (s.str.) rikaae sp.nov. in litt. (South of Witputs, Southern Great Namaqualand). IY x. FIG. 2.·- Phunero(oma (s.str.) rae/arum (Peringuey, 1899) Ii-x. FIG. 3. - Phallero(oma (Ocl1odl's) pach.l"Soma Orlla(um Koch, 1952d, natural size. FI(;. 4. - Phaneroloma (Ocnot/I'I) per/llcidllm Koch, 1952d. 4 ;( . FIG. 5. - Phaneroloma (Chi/iiJrc/llun) jFni Koch, 1952d, :} of natural size. FIG . 6. - Psammo[/.:s (5.511'.) egre!(illS Haag, 1871, I {- x . FIG. 7.-Psammodl's (s.str.) dilli>u/icus Koch, 1952d, I t x . FIG. 'Il. - Psamnwi/es (s.str.) z,l'l1zingl.'ri sp. nov. in litt. (Beaufort West, Central Cape Province), I ｾ＠ y . FIG. 9.-P.lallJ/l/odl.'s (s .str.) vel1(riCOSIIS F,ihraeu's, 1870, natural size. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher granted by licence Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate VII. Southern Africa, Vol. J.

4 5 6

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Explanation of figures

FIG. J.-Perikarrooma (g. nov. in litt.) schili/zei (Peringuey, 1908), natural size. FIG. 2.- Moluris ferrarii Haag, 1871, I} ;, . FIG . 3.- Dich/ha in/fa/a (Gerstaecker, 1854), I t x . FIG. 4. - Amial7/us manical/lls Peringucy, 1899, I Ａ＾ｾＮ＠ FIG. 5. - Trach.l'llol/ls albulus Peringuey, 1886, 31 x . FIG. 6.-Trachyno/us hupres/oides sp.nov. in litt. (Van Rhynsdorp, Little Namaqua- land), 21 ;.; . FIG. 7.-Truchyno/lls eioilga/lls (Olivier, 1795), S, 2 " . FIG. 8. - Trachyno/Lls villa/lis (Fabricius, 1781), J, 4 x , FIG. 9.-Trachv:IO/IIS villa/lis (= TrachynoltJs plica/lis (Wiedemann, 1823]). .4 x . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate VfII. Southern Africa , Vol. 1.

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Explanation of figures

FIG. I. Ｍﾣｰ｡ｩｬＧｬｬｰＮ｜ｩｾ＠ SIIP(,I'OIlS sp.n. in litt. (btwn. Aus and Kubub, Southern Great Namaqualand), 4 x. FIG. 2.-Brillcki{) (g.nov.) oograhil'sl'l/.I'is sp.nov. in litt. (Oograbies, North-western Little Namaqualand). 6x. FtG. 3.-0s.I'ipol'i.l· le/'l'ena jragilis (Filhracus. I S70). 4t x . FIG. 4.-£ihmll.1 (Flhmopilobe.l') paradisiaclIs jilJ'lnoslis sp.et subsp.nov. in I itt. (Swart- boois Drift, Northern Kaokoveld), 3i •.•. FIG. 5.-MicrophiiRra (s.str.) minllia (Peringucy, 1904), 8 X. FIG. 6.-Microphligra (Paraphiigra sucg.nov. in litt.) succuiel1lillin sp.nov. in lit I. \'Pofadder, North-western Cape Province), 8 x . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence KOCH, C.-Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate IX. Southern Africa, Vol. 1.

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Explanation of figures

FIG. I. '--Soma/ieus (CiilJoeranion) SpinoSIiS (Solier, 1843), 31 x. FIG. 2. - Somalicus (Soma/ieus) aeneus (Solier, 1843), 3 x. FIG. 3.-Somalieu.1 (Beehuani/i.r) bohelllani hohenwlli (Haag, 1873),3 >< . FIG. 4.-Soma/iclis (Beehualli/is) brucki brllcki (Haag, 1873), 3 x . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) KOCH, C.- Monograph Tenebrionidae Plate X. oUlhern Africa, Vol. r.

pinx.t- A. von Peez and F. Diehl. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced PLATE XI

Explanation of figures

FIG, Soma/iclis ( dis/inC/us (Peringuey, 4Jc x, FIG, ｾｓｯｭ｡Ｏｩ｣ｬｩｳ＠ (Acrollla/iclIs) va\", I'ubripes nov" Ｓｾ＠ x, FIG, ],-Soma/iclis (Acroma/iclls) nov" 4 FIG, 4,-Sv11IG/icus ( Trache/oel/In) con/rac/us (Haag, 1873), 5 x, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) Plate Xl.

KOCH. c._MonOgraph Tenebrionidae southern Africa. Vol. l.

pinx.t A. von Peez. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by PLATE XII

Explanation of figures

FIG. 1.-Soma/jell.1 (DilJcis) regaNs (Haag, 1875), 3 x. FIG. 2.- Soma/icus (Trache/oculn) simi/is (Haag, 1873), 3 x. FIG. 3.- Soma/iclis (TrachydernJ p/li/liS nov., 6 x . FIG. 4.-Soma/icus (Trachytlere,') cordipennis nov., 5: .'"' . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, C. -Monograph Tenebrionidae PIRte Xll. southern Africa, Vol. 1.

J L . Diehl. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by PLATE XIII

Ex pia nal ion of figures

FIG . I.-Somaljeus (Ceromelaephus) sem;njlidlls nov., 2t x . FI< .. 2.-Somaliclis (Truchl'ii('l"('Y) aibomaeulallis (Haag, 1873), 41 x . FI

3 del. F. Diehl. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by PLATE XIV. Explanation of figures

ｾ＠ J(; I SOll/illicm (SOll/illicIIS) rugusus ruguoi.loimus nov., 2 >; 2 SOll/lIIiClio (C('rtllllt/llep/llls) badeni (Haag, 1873)., 21 < . 3 SOIl/IIlicliS (R('c/ItlIIllilis) gel/icli/lIIl1s hl'ssei nov., Ｓｾ＠ / . 4 So/}/cllicliS (Trich/Jlricll/ls) kraOlzi alld 11111'01llrlus no,., 3 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, C. - Monograph Tenebrionid;e Plate XIV, Southern Africa, vol. 1.

PHOT, with REICHERT Neupolar 50, Lux PNl. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated Publisher the granted by licence Gateway under Sabinet by Reproduced PLATE XV Explanation of figures Pig. I. - Somat;cus (Trachyderes) haagi haag; (Peringuey, 1899), 31/2 x. Pig. 2. Somaticus (Trachyderes) gory; (Solier, 1843). 3 1/2 x. Pig. 3. Somat;cus (trachyderes) dutoili nov., 31/2 x. Pig. 4. Somat;cus (Trachydcres) bipunctatus bipunctatus (Haag. 1873). 'I 1/2 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH. C. - Monograph TenebrioDid

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux FNI. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence PLATE XVI ｅｸｰｬ｡ｮ｡ｴｩｾｮ＠ of fi"gures Fig. 1. Soma;icus (Trachyderes) gunvorae cylindricollis nov., 3 x. Fig. 2. Somaticus (Trachyderes) gunvorae gunvorae (Koch, 1953f), '11/2 x. Pig. 3. Somaticus (trachyderes) fitzsimonsi nov., 'I 1/2 x. Pig. 1. Somaticus (Trachyderes) gracilipes (Haag, 1873), 'I x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH. C. - Monograph Tenebrionid& Plate XVI. Southern Africa. vol. I.

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux PNI.

Phototypie A. Dohmen. Bruxe:lIefi Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XVII Explanation of fig ures

Fig. 1. Somatic US (Trachyderes) dubius ( Peringuey, 1885) , 3 1/2 x. Pig. 2. Somaticus (Trachyderes) braunsi. nov .. 5 x. Fig. 3. Somaticus (Trachyderes) kungorum nov. 6 x. Fig. 4. Somaticus (Trachyderes) incostatus (Gebien, 1920), 7 x. Pig. 5. - Somaticus ( Acromaticus) saxicola nov., 8 x, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted KOCH, C. - Monograph Tenebrionid

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux PNI.

Phototypie A. Dohmen. Bruxelles Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XVIII Explanation of figures Fig. I. Somaticus (Acromaticus) acuminatus (Quensel. 1806),3 x. Fig. 2. Somaticus (Acromaticus) corallipes nov. 4 x. Fig. 3. Somaticus (Acromaticus) praephallatus nov .. 3 1/2 x. Pig. 1. Somaticus (Acromaticus) cohaerens nov., 3 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated by the by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced KOCH. C. - Monograph Tencbrionidi£ Plate XVIII. Southern Africa. vol. J.

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux PNI.

Phototypi. A. Dohmen. Bru ..l1e. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XIX Explanation of figures Fig. 1. Somaticus (Acromaticus) moerens (Haag, 1879), 2 x. Fig. 2. Somaticus (Acromatic!ls) namaquensis nov .. 3 x. Fig. 3. Somaticus (Acromaticus) malaisei nov., 2 1/2 x. Fig. 4. Somaticus (Acroma6icus) dimorphus nov .. 0. '\ x. Fig. 5. Somilticus (Acromaticus) dimorphus nov., 9, 4 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated by the by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced KOCH, C. - Monograph Tenebrionida: Plate XIX. Southern Africa, vol. I.

,,/

PHOTo witb REICHERT Neupolar 50, Lux FNI.

Pnototypie A, Dohme", Bruxcll .. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XX Explanation of figures Fig. I. Somaticus (Tracheloeum) laticolIis laticollis (Hope. 1810). 1 x. Fig. 2. Somaticus (Tracheloeum) maculosus Ｈｆｾｨｲ｡･ｵｳＮ＠ 1870) . 1 x. Fig. 3. Somaticus (Tracheloeum) fahraeusi nov" 1 x. Fig. i . Somaticus (Tracheloeum) vittiger (Haag. 1873). 1 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway KOCH, C. - Monograph Tcnebrionida: Plate XX. Southern Africa, vol. I.

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux FNI.

Phototypie A. Dohmen, Bruxelle$ Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XXI Explanation of figures Fig. l. Somaticus (Tracheloeum) silphoides metallescens nov .. 2 [/2 x. Pig. 2. Somaticus (Trachclocllm) giganteus nov .. 2 x. FIg. 3. Somaticus (Trachelocum) carinatus chevrolati (Haag. [873). 3 x. Fig. 4. Somatic us (Trache/oeum) hoUmanni (Haag. [878). 3 [/2 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated by the by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced KOCH, C. - Monograph TencbrionidiC Plate XXI. Southern Africa, vol. I.

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar SO. Lu.. PNJ.

Phototypie A. Dohmen. Bruxdl •• Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted under licence Sabinet Gateway by Reproduced PLATE XXII Explanation of figures Pig. 1. Somaticus (Trichotrachys) sordidus (Gcrstaecker. 1854), 31/2 x, Fig. 2. Somatic uS (Trichotrachys) angu/atus (Fahraeus. 1870), 3 1/2 x. Fig. 3. Somatic uS ＨｔｲｾｲＺｨｯｴｲ｡｣ｨｹｳＩ＠ varicollis varicollis nov., 3 1/2 x. Fig. 1. Somatic us (Trichotrachys) varicollis brachythorax nov., 31/2 x, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted under licence Gateway by Sabinet Reproduced KOCH, C. - Monograph Tenebrionid

PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50, Lux FNI.

Phototypi. A.. Dohmen. Bruxcllcs Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) licence under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by PLATE XXIII Explanation of figures Fig. 1. Somaticus (Trichotrachys) terricola terricola (FlIhraeus, 1870), 1 x. Fig. 2. Somaticus (TricllOtrachys) darlington! nov., 3 1/2 x. Fig. 3. Somaticus (Trichotriichys) testudo nov., 1 x. Fig. 1. Somaticus (Trichotrachys) illtulelltlls montis-draconis nov., S 1/2 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) licence under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by KOCH. C - Monograph Tenebrionidce Plate XX!IJ. Southern Afrie". vol. I.

•ｾ＠

3 4

PHOTo with REICHERT NeupoIar 50. Lux FNI. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Gateway Sabinet by Reproduced PLATE XXIV Explanation of figures Fig. 1. Somaticus (Trachyderes) pygmaeus (F<1hraeus. 1870), 6 x, Fig. 2. Somaticus (Trichotrachys) metropolis nov., 4 x. Fig. 3. Somatic us (Tropitrachys) tropicalis nov., 'I 1/2 x. Fig. 4. Somaticus (TrCpitrachys) peregrinator (Koch, 1953c), '11/2 x. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) licence under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by KOCH, C. - Monograph Tcnebrionidae Plate XXIV. Southern Africa, vol. I.

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PHOTo with REICHERT Neupolar 50. Lux PNI.

Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) licence under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by Phototypie A. Dohmen. Bruxelies KOCH, C. - Monograph Tenebrionidae Southern Africa Vol. I Map I: Distribution of Somaticus Hope

o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 ｾｾ＠ 150 15'Fi? \ ... \ '" \ I I I I ,/ I ｾ｟Ｎ｟＠ I __ S I • I 311".-,·-( 1 I ＱＷｴｊＭ］ＭｉＧＭｾ＠ m" \ ｾ＠ \. ?:-N: "'L= 1'/ Ie \/ ..\ /1\f;:7] Ｌｾ＠

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ｾｾｾｴａｾｾＡｴｾｾｾｾｾｾｾｾｾＭＭｲＭＭＭｾＭＭＭＭＭｬ＠ｾＲＹ＠ＲＹｩｾ＠ｾ＠ __

ELAEPHUi ' / / '::;",,""'\. ｾＺＭＭ］ＺＮＮＺＮＮＺｪＺＺＺＧＺＢＺ］ＺＢＺＺＺＧＺＢＧ［ＺＧＺＧ］ＧＧ］Ｇ＠ h o ....(t::: ...(A r ,,; 0 <'.. ( II, ..' ｾ＠ 1-_/ .r-i:J... ''''/ 31 >. J. • • • 31 .. _ A . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 28 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 36/37.-Dactylocalcar caecus Gebien, (Dactyloca1carini).-Lateral outlines.

FIG. 38.-Dactylocalcar caecus Gebien, 1938 (Dactyloca1carini).-Posterior leg.

I. MOLURINI

NORTHERN UMIT5 OF SEPIOIINA

\ o 'l> \ ｾ＠ B" or Z D ｾ＠ 8 ｾ＠ＭＭＭＭｾﾭ . I NORTHERN LIM ITS . ls ｾ＠ OF PHANEROTOMINA i 1" .o o •o io NORTHERN LIMITS § OF TRACHYNQTtNA oI o D o tP o If NORTHERN LIMITS ｾ＠ ! o" OF oXOplNA - " o o ＮＮｉｒｏｐｾｏｆ＠｟ｾＧ］ＭＸＮｉｾｒｎ＠ ______----:' ______..J1.o ___ _ , . . D" OOD

_.LLo Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 1. MOLURINJ 29. ------IIlesothoracic peduncle, horizontal in position, allowing for the free IIlovement of pro notal base.-Elytra loosely attached to pronotum, connate, but with sharp suture, usually shoulderless though sometimes with prominent and rectangularly rounded shoulders, extremely variable in shape, convexity and sculpture (text-fig. 45); irregularly punctured, anulated or tuberculated, often with costae, but never with regular, ｾｮ｣ｴ｡ｴ･Ｍｬｩｮ･｡ｴ･Ｌ＠ primary rows. Pseudopleura constantly developed, the ｾｳ･ｵ､ｯｰｬ･ｵｲ｡ｬ＠ margination sometimes duplicate. Epipleura usually rather broad and exposed.-Mesosternum more or less distinctly separated from mesothoracic peduncle, often with pre-episternal sulcus or carina (pes in text-fig. 46); intercoxal apophysis broad; episternum triangular, large and well-defined; epimeron sharply defined, transversely oblique. Mesocoxal cavities large, the mesocoxae usually with large trochantin (I in text-fig. 46), in the Sepidiina and some tropical phrynocoloid Molu- rina small, punctiform or practically absent. Metasternum shorter than basal sternite of abdomen; episternal suture usually incomplete (eps in text-fig. 46), sometimes absent (many Hypomelina), rarely deep and complete (Oxurina) (text-fig. 48). Metacoxal cavities large and transverse, in contact with the small metasternal epimeron, usually with pre-metacoxal sulcus (pmlcs in text-fig. 46). Abdomen without intersegmental membranes, usually with pleural margination; intercoxal process very variable in width, rounded to truncate. Disc of proximal sternites often with hairy, scaly or densely granulated patches in the 0'; anal sternite and pygidium sometimes with distinctive characters in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Anal· sternite often marginate.-Legs long. Femora more or less compressed, the underside often with small hairy patches in the 0'. Tibiae subcylindrical, very variable in sculpture and vestiture, the anterior ones sometimes with more or less sharply carinate upper surface and produced outer apical angle, the posterior ones often strongly dilated apically; in the 0' usually with apical brush or subtomentose distal stripe on underside. Calcaria strong. Tarsi of variable proportions, subcylindrical to slightly compressed, exceptionally with strongly compressed and enlarged lateral surfaces (Tarsocnodes); the underside spinose, rarely with sand-shoe like, long, silky hairs (several Southern Mrican Phaneroloma). Claws strong, with equally long spurs, except in Namibomodes (s. str.) serrimargo (Gebien). -Aedeagus as in the other Tentyriinae strongly sclerotized, sometimes pigmented. Basale tubiform, sharply separated from apicale by a strong articulation; length very variable in proportion to apicale. Apicale with convex dorsal surface, variably divided apices and with large ventral groove; the latter often more or less constricted, rarely covered by inflexed alae. Penis thin, with convex to canaliculate outer surface, usually curved apex and grooved inner surface; the groove variably constricted or covered by infiexed alae, with the background bearing a more or less sclerotized membrane, enclosing ductus ejaculatorius, except for the variably shaped apical orifice. SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION.-The first Molurini were described by Fabricius in 1775. He recognized two groups and placed the South Mrican Trachynolus in his genus Sepidium, the Mo/uris, Psammodes and Phaneroloma in his Pimelia. As the latter is the type genus of a Northern Mrican-Turanian tribe of tenebrioid Tene- brionidae, the genus Sepidium Fabricius, 1775, IS the first described genus :of Molurini. Most of the early authors (Olivier, Herbst, Thunberg, ｾｐ｡ｬＱ｡ｳＬ＠ De Geer) followed Fabricius' division. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced 1. MOLURINJ 29. ------IIlesothoracic peduncle, horizontal in position, allowing for the free IIlovement of pro notal base.-Elytra loosely attached to pronotum, connate, but with sharp suture, usually shoulderless though sometimes with prominent and rectangularly rounded shoulders, extremely variable in shape, convexity and sculpture (text-fig. 45); irregularly punctured, anulated or tuberculated, often with costae, but never with regular, ｾｮ｣ｴ｡ｴ･Ｍｬｩｮ･｡ｴ･Ｌ＠ primary rows. Pseudopleura constantly developed, the ｾｳ･ｵ､ｯｰｬ･ｵｲ｡ｬ＠ margination sometimes duplicate. Epipleura usually rather broad and exposed.-Mesosternum more or less distinctly separated from mesothoracic peduncle, often with pre-episternal sulcus or carina (pes in text-fig. 46); intercoxal apophysis broad; episternum triangular, large and well-defined; epimeron sharply defined, transversely oblique. Mesocoxal cavities large, the mesocoxae usually with large trochantin (I in text-fig. 46), in the Sepidiina and some tropical phrynocoloid Molu- rina small, punctiform or practically absent. Metasternum shorter than basal sternite of abdomen; episternal suture usually incomplete (eps in text-fig. 46), sometimes absent (many Hypomelina), rarely deep and complete (Oxurina) (text-fig. 48). Metacoxal cavities large and transverse, in contact with the small metasternal epimeron, usually with pre-metacoxal sulcus (pmlcs in text-fig. 46). Abdomen without intersegmental membranes, usually with pleural margination; intercoxal process very variable in width, rounded to truncate. Disc of proximal sternites often with hairy, scaly or densely granulated patches in the 0'; anal sternite and pygidium sometimes with distinctive characters in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Anal· sternite often marginate.-Legs long. Femora more or less compressed, the underside often with small hairy patches in the 0'. Tibiae subcylindrical, very variable in sculpture and vestiture, the anterior ones sometimes with more or less sharply carinate upper surface and produced outer apical angle, the posterior ones often strongly dilated apically; in the 0' usually with apical brush or subtomentose distal stripe on underside. Calcaria strong. Tarsi of variable proportions, subcylindrical to slightly compressed, exceptionally with strongly compressed and enlarged lateral surfaces (Tarsocnodes); the underside spinose, rarely with sand-shoe like, long, silky hairs (several Southern Mrican Phaneroloma). Claws strong, with equally long spurs, except in Namibomodes (s. str.) serrimargo (Gebien). -Aedeagus as in the other Tentyriinae strongly sclerotized, sometimes pigmented. Basale tubiform, sharply separated from apicale by a strong articulation; length very variable in proportion to apicale. Apicale with convex dorsal surface, variably divided apices and with large ventral groove; the latter often more or less constricted, rarely covered by inflexed alae. Penis thin, with convex to canaliculate outer surface, usually curved apex and grooved inner surface; the groove variably constricted or covered by infiexed alae, with the background bearing a more or less sclerotized membrane, enclosing ductus ejaculatorius, except for the variably shaped apical orifice. SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION.-The first Molurini were described by Fabricius in 1775. He recognized two groups and placed the South Mrican Trachynolus in his genus Sepidium, the Mo/uris, Psammodes and Phaneroloma in his Pimelia. As the latter is the type genus of a Northern Mrican-Turanian tribe of tenebrioid Tene- brionidae, the genus Sepidium Fabricius, 1775, IS the first described genus :of Molurini. Most of the early authors (Olivier, Herbst, Thunberg, ｾｐ｡ｬＱ｡ｳＬ＠ De Geer) followed Fabricius' division. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced 30 J. MOLURINJ

In 1802 Latreille erected the first South African genus Moluris for Tenebrio gibbus Pallas, 1781; in 1818 Kirby added the two genera Psammodes and Oxura, based on new South African species; in 1829 Latreille created the genus Trachynotus on the basis of Tenebrio reticulatus De Geer, 1778; in 1840 Laporte de Castelnau described the South African genus Phligra for his third section of Sepidium, as well as the tropical genus Vieta for the first section; in the same year Hope erected the genus Somaticus for Sepidium rugosum Fabricius, 1781, and described the genus Tracheloeum for his new laticollis. Solier, the first specialist on Tenebrionidae, has the merit of having established the "Tribu des Molurites" in 1843. Although including in this tribe several unrelated tenebrioid genera, his division into "Sepidites" and "Molurites vrais" was well-founded and correct. He was inclined to divide the "Molurites vrais" into several groups and many genera, an action which was not accepted by Lacordaire and Haag but was pleaded for by modern authors (Lesne, Gebien). The present revision has confirmed the correctness of Solier's ideas. He already knew 57 species of South African Molurini, which he subdivided into the nine genera Molu- ris, Trachynotus, Oxura, Phanerotoma, Hypomelus, Clinocranion, Physodera, Piesomera and Echinotus, the last six described by himself. Psammodes Kirby, as well as the genera described by Laporte de Castelnau and Hope, were unknown to him. Between 1844 and 1854 numerous new Molurini were described from the Transvaal and Portu. East Africa by Guerin, Bertoloni and Ger- staecker. In 1859 there appeared the fundamental monograph on the genera of Tenebrionidae of the world by.Lacor.dai.r:e.._theonly .. existing..monograph of this kind. A great part of the systematics adopted by Lacordaire is still in use to-day. In regard to the Molurini, he gave a perfect definition of this tribe, based on the large scutellum, the small mentum and the developed trochantin of mesocoxae. He excluded from this tribe Solier's tenebrioid genera, with the exception of Oncosoma. The systematic position he assigned to the Molurini was not correct, as at this time the important character of the intersegmental membranes of abdomen had not yet been discovered and he assumed a relationship with the Pimeliini. He accepted Solier's intra-tribal conception of two principal groups (Sepidiina and Molurina), but he refused to follow the subdivision into the many genera of Solier. He reduced the number to six (Moluris, Psammodes, Somaticus, Oxura, Trachynotus and Clinocranion), expanding the interpretation of the hitherto mono typical genus Psammodes and declaring Phanerotoma Sol., Hypomelus Sol. and Piesomera Sol. synonY,- mous with Psammodes. His synonymy Physodera Sol.=Moluris was correct. The two genera Phligra and Phrynocolus (a new name for the homonymous CryptogeniusSolier) were wrongly placed in the Sepidiina instead of Molurina. In 1866 the South African genus Ossiporis was described by Pascoe and in 1870 thirty new species were made known by FiLhraeus, collected mainly in Transvaal and Natal by Wahlberg. FiLhraeus set up three further genera, viz. Ocnodes, Amiantus and Epairops, the latter based on the same species, for which Pascoe some years previous created the genus Ossiporis. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under J. MOLURINI 31 -In 1870 Gemminger & de Harold listed 83 species of Molurini, to which must be added the thirty species, described by Fahraeus. During 1871 and 1873 Haag-Rutenberg's "Revision der Familie der Moluriden" was published, dealing only with the Molurina. Without occupying himself with the definition and systematic position of tribe, Haag-Ruten- berg entered at once into the classification of genera and species, describ- ing three further genera (Ethmus, ｄｩ｣ｨｴｨｾ＠ and Distretus), but synonymizing Somaticus and Tracheloeum with Trachynotus, and Ocnodes with psammodes. He correctly transferred Phligra and Phrynocolus to the Molurina, but added to the unrelated, tenebrioid genus Oncosoma two further tenebrioid elements, viz. Ametrocera and Apti/a, both described by Fahraeus as Molurini. He already knew 250 species, mostly of Southern African provenance. His descriptions are good and are in most cases based on the examination of holotypes of early authors, but his keys are poor and often erroneous. Haag's revision, written at a time when Southern Africa still belonged to the "Dark Continent", is the last comprehensive work on the Molurini. In the following years, the availability of handy keys for classification, as well as the gradual opening of the African continent, brought a flow of new species, mainly from Tropical Africa. Fairmaire described the Southern African genus Euphrynus and the tropical genera Brachyphrynus, Physophrynus and Melanolophus, while Kolbe in 1886 added the curious genus Psammoryssus from the Belgian Congo. In 1885 the first South Mrican Coleopterist, L. Peringuey broke the hegemony of European authorship with descriptions of Southern African Molurini, which he intended as preliminary notes for a later monograph (cf. Peringuey's plates in the present volume). He had to surmount great difficulties, as previously all types of African insects had been deposited in European Museums and neither reference nor other old collections were available to him. He described about 120 species of Molurini and added the three genera Psammodophysis, Trachynotidus and Ograbies, the latter an unallied tenebrioid genus, belonging to the Oncotini of Opatrinae. Peringuey also has the merit for being the first author to use exact iI1dica- tions of locality, as opposed to all former authors who used only such general terms as Southern Africa, Cape or Caffraria. In 1910 Gebien correctly transferred the two tenebrioid genera Onco- soma and Aptila to the Helopinini. In his Catalogue, published in the same year, he numbers no less than 560 valid species, of which about 470 species belong to the Molurina. Ten years later Gebien published the Southern African genus Tarsocnodes and gave a key to the South West African Trachynotus, synonymizing Clinocranion Solier with the latter. In 1921 Wilke worked out a revision of the tropical Phrynocolus; Lesne, in 1922 separated the East MricanPsammodes as a subgenus Psammophanes from the South African group, and in 1935 Blair finally transferred the last unrelated tenebrioid element (Ametrocera) to the Helopinini. In the same year the r:! copulatory organs of Molurini were described by Hesse for the first time and figured for some species of Trachynotus. In 1937 the first systematic Catalogue of the Tenebrionidae of the world ｾ｡ｳ＠ published by Gebien, who placed the Molurina and Sepidiina as Independent tribes in the Asidinae and tried· to arrange the two large genera Psammodes and Trachynotus according to groups. In regard to the Southern Mrican species he was successfully advised by Hesse. He Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 32 I. MOLURINI divided the Psammodes into 37 groups as well as the four subgenera Psammophanes, Ocnodes, Trachynotidus and Hypomeius, and in a similar fashion divided the Trachynotus into sections. Although no commentary on this division appeared, his natural grouping alone and his indication of distribution for hitherto geographically undefined species, has been of incalculable value for my own monographic research. Later in 1937 Gebien described the two tropical genera Trichethmus and Stenethmus, the latter based on Hesse's Southern Mrican Trachynotus tentyriiformis. Two years later Gridelli published two valuable papers on the Abyssinian Molurini.

FIG. 41.-Namibomodes FIG. 42.-0ssiporis ter- FIG. 40.-Stridulomus sul- (Palpomodes) physopterus rena fragilis (FAhraeus, cicollis (Peringuey, 1885). (Gebien, 1920).-Max- 1870).-Upper surface of -Maxilla, ventral view illary palpus with ex- head in cephalo-dorsal (bst= basal sclerite of tremely enlarged, securi- view. stipes; c=cardo; g= form apical segment. galea; ist=inner sclerite of stipes; I=lacinia; p= palpus; pc = basal process of cardo).

FIG. 44.-Phanerotoma (s.str.) ferreirae FIG. 43.-Echinotus spinicollis (Laporte Koch, 1952d.-Basal foramen of pro- de Castelnau, 1840).-Basal foramen thorax in sectional view (fc= foraminal of prothorax in sectional view. carina; pc=pronotal carina). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under I. MOLURINI 33 -In concluding this historical account, the systematic position of Molu- rini may be outlined as follows: 1 The Molurini cannot be separated tribally from the Sepidiini. 2' The. Molurini sensu meo (Molurina + Sepidiina) undoubtedly . belong to the subfamily of Tentyriinae, as they do not possess intersegmental membranes between distal sternites of abdomen. 3. Within the Tentyriinae, they are clearly separated from all the other tribes by the unique character of the large and horizontal scutellum and the mechanism of free mobility of pronotal base. Furthermore they are characterized by the usually large trochantin of mesocoxae, which is reduced to punctiform only in the Sepidiina, Phrynocolus and most of Arturium, whereas it is absent in all the other Tentyriinae with the exception of the Asidini, in which it is often distinct, but punctiform. 4. No direct relationship to any of the tribes of Tentyriinae exists, but there are ancient phylogenetic connections traceable between the Molurini and Tentyriini, expressed by the similar appearance, the occurrence of an identically constructed pseudopleural- femoral stridulatory organ, cases of securiform dilation of the apical segment of maxillary palpi and the frequent development of hairy patches on the underside of anterior femora in the ｾＮ＠ Even the peculiar abdominal brush in the ｾ＠ of many Molu- rini has been recently found occurring also in the Tentyriini (*).

SYNOPSIS OF GENERIC GROUPS OF MOLURINI REMARKS:-The formation of pseudopleura and the costal arrangement on elytra are important in the classification of Molurini. The elytra are exposed to an extreme variation, with sculptural structures often imitating morphological ones and occupying the usual position of the latter. The following schematic drawings of profiles (cf. figs. 49-59A, 81-83) explain homologous portions, which have often been misinter- preted. 1. Mesocoxae with large trochantin. 2 Mesocoxae without or with only punctiform trochantin. B. SEPIDIINA (PI. v, figs. 15-17; text-figs. 43 and 59B.) The Sepidiina are closely related on the one hand to the Phrynoco[us; Arturium and Spinophrynus (PI. V, fig. 18), on the other hand to the Trachynotina, and especially to those genera of the latter, in which the anterior margin of pronotum is not carinate. In Southern Africa only with a few species confined to the northern parts in the West and ranging southwards to Natal in the East (text-fig. 39). 2. Meta-episternal suture very fine to obsolescent or abbreviated posteriorly or completely absent. 3 Meta-episternal suture deep, broad and complete, extending from mesosternal to metasternal epimeron (text-fig. 48).

(*) Me. D. Rorke, Pretoria, has collected the hitherto unknown J of Cyphostethe langi Koch, exhibiting a broad and densely setiferous patch on middle of basal stemite of abdomen. This sexual character is unique among the Tentyriini. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under I. MOLURINI 33 -In concluding this historical account, the systematic position of Molu- rini may be outlined as follows: 1 The Molurini cannot be separated tribally from the Sepidiini. 2' The. Molurini sensu meo (Molurina + Sepidiina) undoubtedly . belong to the subfamily of Tentyriinae, as they do not possess intersegmental membranes between distal sternites of abdomen. 3. Within the Tentyriinae, they are clearly separated from all the other tribes by the unique character of the large and horizontal scutellum and the mechanism of free mobility of pronotal base. Furthermore they are characterized by the usually large trochantin of mesocoxae, which is reduced to punctiform only in the Sepidiina, Phrynocolus and most of Arturium, whereas it is absent in all the other Tentyriinae with the exception of the Asidini, in which it is often distinct, but punctiform. 4. No direct relationship to any of the tribes of Tentyriinae exists, but there are ancient phylogenetic connections traceable between the Molurini and Tentyriini, expressed by the similar appearance, the occurrence of an identically constructed pseudopleural- femoral stridulatory organ, cases of securiform dilation of the apical segment of maxillary palpi and the frequent development of hairy patches on the underside of anterior femora in the ｾＮ＠ Even the peculiar abdominal brush in the ｾ＠ of many Molu- rini has been recently found occurring also in the Tentyriini (*).

C. OXURINA

(PI. IV, figs. 12 and 13; PI. VI, figs. 1-6; text-figs. 41 and 48.) (Primitive Molurini, sensu Koch, 1952d.) Including the genera Oxura, Synhimba, Stenethmus, Namibomodes, Pterostichula (and two unknown genera described subsequently).. Dis- tribution (text-fig. 39) Trans-Bechuanian, in the West extending as far south as the South-Central Cape Province; the genus Stenethmus is tropical, ranging from Kenya Colony to the northern part of Bechuana- land.

3. Diurnal insects with heliotactic eyes, compound, of fine and flat corneal facets. Prosternal apophysis narrower than mentum, with steep posterior declivity (text-fig. 60). Metasternal episternum either setiferous or the pseudopleural margination double (d in text-figs. 82 and 83) or the elytra with long spines. Elytra usually with primary costa; the latter not completely concealing the lateral interval except in Ethmus, in which it is double. Pro- notum either with or without anterior carina, in the latter case the disc often with tubercles, spines or brush-like stripes. Proster- num emarginate, leaving exposed the underside of head. The d" without abdominal brush.

A. TRACHYNOTINA

(PIs. III, fig. 2; IV, figs. 14-17; V, figs. 1-14; VIII, figs. 5-9; IX, figs. 1, 3-6; X-XXIV; text-figs. 52, 54-158.) A natural group of sun-loving runners, comprising some genera and species with very long legs. The Trachynotus-group, with immarginate anterior margin of pronotum, connects the Sepidiina with the Molurina. Southern African (text-fig. 39), with only Ethmus, and Tropitrachys and some forms of Trichotrachys of Somaticus penetrating into Tropical Africa. Key to genera, see on page 43.

Nocturnal or crepuscular insects with heliophobic. eyes, compound, of convex, larger and more or less acinose corneal facets. Prosternal apophysis only exceptionally narrower than mentum, but in these cases the pseudopleural margination simple, or the metasternal episternum bare, or the prosternum collar-like and prolongate, or the primary costa of elytra concealing the lateral interval, but not double, or the elytra without spines. Anterior carina of pronotum only exceptionally lacking or obsolescent; disc rarely with prominent structures or spines, but in all these cases exhibiting some of the above-mentioned characters. The d" usually with abdominal brush or groups of scales. 4

C. OXURINA

A. TRACHYNOTINA

FIG. 45.-Molurini.-Sculptural details of integument with the derivates of cuticle.- (On pronotum (Pr.): single drawings or in double drawings at left; on elytra (EI.): in double drawings at right.) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under t>." >.",:- _ • ｾ＠ -trd1. - C -- -:.'-r., '. I •• : •••ｾＭＮ［ＬＮＮｾＧＮＺＮｾＮＺＬ［ＮＮ＠ .; ; ...: . ," ..... ＬＮｾ＠ .. "' . . .r,'.r.: :.(' ｾｾｉｉｌ｟ﾷ＠ - •••

FIG_ 45. (C aption see opposite page). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced I. ｍｏｌｕｒｾｎｉ＠ 35

ｭｳｾ＠ pes r;nsem .:: " pi ,lase I I" I ---- ep

ＭＭＭＭｾ＠ eps ep -e

FIG. 46.-Psammodes (Parmularia) caffra FAhraeus, 1870.-Proximal portion of hind- body in lateral view (e=elytron; ep= epipleuron; eps = incomplete episternal suture of metasternum; lasc=sharp lateral angle of the quadrangular scutel1um in the subgenus Parmularia nov. of Psammodes; ms=mesosternum; msc=mesocoxal cavity; mse=episternum of mesosternum; msem= epimeron of mesosternum; mtc=metacoxal cavity; mte=episternum of metasternum; FIG. 47.-Tarsocnodes molossa (Haag, pes= pre-episternal sulcus or carina of meso- l871).-Hind-body in lateral view (ep sternal episternum; pl=exposed pleural por- =epipleuron; eps=incomplete epi- tion of mesosternum; sc=scutellum; t= sternal suture of metasternum; pl= trochantin of mesocoxae). exposed pleurital portions of abdomen).

FIG. 48.-Namibomodes (s.str.) serrimargo (Gebien, 1938).- Underside of hind-body (eps= ---psc complete episternal suture of metasternum; psc= denticulate pseudo-pleural carina). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher licence granted Sabinet Gateway under by Reproduced 36 ,I. ,MOLURINJ 4. Episternum of metasternum either very densely covered with a fine, rugose to granular sculpture, dull, and with very fine episternal suture, or coarsely punctured, 'Yhen the episternal suture is absent or only slightly indicated basally. Anal sternite of abdomen with very fine, sometimes obsolescent margination, but in the ｾ＠ the underside of anterior femora without hairy patches. In the ｾ＠ the abdomen without brush, but often with more or less conglomerated and adherent scales.-Pronotum often emarginate basally and often with more or less produced posterior angles. Elytra never uniformly covered with erect, stiff, short bristles; often with prominent shoulders, frequently costate, but the primary costa never concealing lateral interval. Pro sternum emarginate. Mesocoxal apophysis moderately broad, never twice as broad as prosternal apophysis. Intercoxal process of abdomen not broader than metacoxal cavities. Body never roundish.

D. HYPOMEUNA

(PI. IV, figs. 6-11; PI. VI, figs. 7-9; PI. IX, fig. 2.) A heterogeneous group of Southern African genera, showing relationship to the Oxurina, Trachynotina and some subgenera of Somaticus of Trachynotina. Composed of the genera Hypome/us and Trachynoti- dus (and several unknown genera, which will be described subsequently). Distributed from the Cape Province to Damaraland in the West, and extending by a Trans-Bechuanian branch to the Northern Transvaal and Southern Rhodesia in the East (text-fig. 39). ｅｰｩｳｴ･ｲｾｵｭ＠ of metasternum, with a single exception (see below), shiny and punctured, rarely with scattered granules, and constantly with a strong, posteriorly more or less abbreviated episternal suture. ([he single exception is the subtropical genus Bombocnodulus nov. [cf. Koch, 1954a], based on Psammodes crinicollis Haag, exhibiting a dull and densely granulated metasternal episternum, but with the body roundish and very strongly convex; the elytra are densely covered with erect, stiff, short bristles or depressed scales, and the mesosternal and abdominal intercoxal apophyses are extremely broad, more than twice as broad as prosternal apophysis or much broader than metacoxal cavities respectively.) Anal sternite of abdomen either immarginate or marginate, but in the latter case the ｾ＠ usually with hairy patches on underside of anterior femora. In the ｾ＠ the abdomen usually with hairy brush. Pronotum not emarginated basally and without prominent posterior angles. Elytra never with prominent shoulders; the primary costa often concealing lateral interval. Pro sternum often with collar-like prolongation of anterior margin. 5 5. Anal sternite of abdomen marginate at least basally. In the ｾ＠ the underside of anterior femora (and sometimes also that of intermediate and posterior femora) with a hairy to tomentos ｾ＠ patch, exceptionally lacking this structure. Tibiae with scattered, dark bristles; the upper surface of anterior tibiae more or less sharply carinate; the apex of posterior tibiae often dilated; the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 1. MOLURlNI 37 basal segment of posterior tarsi variable, often only as long as the ungual segment or shorter, but often also much longer. Pro- sternum constantly emarginated. Elytra rarely costate, but in these cases·the primary costa never concealing lateral interval. Meso- sternum without distinct pre-episternal structure.

E. PHANEROTOMINA

(PI. IV, figs. 1-5; PI. VII, figs. 1-5; text-figs. 40, 44, 47 and 50.) (Phanerotomoid Molurini sensu Koch, 1953c.) Based on Phanerotoma elongatum SoJier, I have re-established the genus Phanerotoma in 1952d. Although being closely related to Psam- modes sensu Koch, 1952d, there are only a few cases known to me, in which the distinction of these two genera is not clear. To the Phanerotomina belong the Phanerotoma Solier, a great number of Psammodes, Ocnodes, Tarsocnodes, Bombocnodulus, the tropical genus Psammoryssus, the Angolan genus Huilamus, as well as several genera which wiIl be made known subsequently. Among the latter is the Kalaharian genus Stridulomus nov. (based on Psammodes sulcicollis Peringuey) which reaches almost 80 mm. in length and is thus the largest Tenebrionid in the world; it is strikingly characterized by the presence of a strongly developed pseudo pleural-femoral stridulatory organ. There are several other giant species in the genus Tarsocnodes and in the subgenus Chiliarchum of Phanerotoma, attaining to 63 mm. in length. The range of variation in size is remarkably wide, as the smaJlest Phanerotomin, viz. Phanerotoma melleum Koch is only 5t to 7 mm. long. The Phanerotomina occur in the whole Southern African Region and extending northwards into Tropical Africa, to about the equatorial zone, but not entering the Somalian, Abyssinian and Soudanese Provinces (text-fig. 39). Several hundreds of good species are known to me. Anal sternite of abdomen immarginate. In the ｾ＠ the underside of femora without distinctive characters. Tibiae usually with dense, often subtomentose, pale bristles; the upper surface of anterior tibiae with apex only carinate; posterior tibiae not dilated apically; the basal segment of posterior tarsi constantly longer than ungual segment. Prosternum often with collar-like prolongation of anterior margin. Elytra often with the primary costa concealing lateral interval. Mesosternum usually with pre- episternal sulcus or edge. F. MOLURINA

(PI. III, figs. 3-14; PI. VII, figs. 6-9; PI. VIII, figs. 1-4; text-figs. 46, 49, 51 and 53.) (Psammodoid Molurini sensu Koch, 1953c.) With several hundreds of species ranging all over the Southern African and Ethiopian Regions to the southern border of Sahara; a single isolated species also in Southern Arabia (text-fig. 39). Composed of the genera Moluris, Psammodes, Piisomera, Psammotyria, Psammophanes, Phrynocolus (+ Brachyphrynus), Spinophrynus, Physophrynus, Arturium, Amiantus, Euphrynus, Melanolophus, Distretus, Dichtha and the Mada- gascar Glyptophrynus. These genera can be arranged in three principal groups as follows: (a) Phrynocoloid Molurina (the last ten of the above-mentioned genera), characterized by the sharp to dentate primary costa, which usually completely conceals the vertical to re-entrant lateral interval, and by the constantly produced anterior margin of prosternum, collar- like and covering the postgenal to mental portions of underside of head. Tropical, in Southern Africa with a Trans-Bechuanian branch from the Kunene territory in the West to Natal in the East. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 38 I. MOLURINI

(b) Psammodoid Molurina, composed of the genera Psammodes, Piesomera, Psammotyria and Psammophanes, only exceptionally with the primary costa concealing lateral interval, but with or without collar- like prolongation of prosternum. The Psammodes and Piesomera are strictly confined to Southern Africa, in no case crossing the Zambesi or Kunene Rivers to the North. They are absent from Portu. East Africa and poorly represented in Bechuanaland and South-West Africa. They are homogeneous, with the exception of the forms from the Lower Orange River territory, where some very specialized and strikingly characterized species live (e.g. egregius, setipennis, diabolicus, eberlanzi etc.). The Southern-tropical genus Psammotyria forms a well-defined group together with an undescribed genus, based on Psammodes vialis Burchell. This group has a peculiar Trans-Bechuanian and circum-karrooid distribution, agreeing in this with the Ocnodes of Phanerotomina. Though in the North it .crosses the Zambesi and Kunene Rivers into the Belgian Congo, Angola and Tanganyika Territory, it is abruptly stopped by the Orange River in the South-West, and is absent from the Cape Province, with the exception of the northern part of Bushmanland. The Psammo- phanes are tropical and strictly East-African, ranging from the northern banks of the Zambesi River to Eritrea and the Anglo-Egyptian Soudan, but not extending more westwards than the Lake of Tschad. (c) Moluroid Molurina, represented by the single genus Moluris, well-characterized by the complete pre-mesosternal sulcus and often dentiform structures of base of mesosternum. Confined to the Western and Southern Cape Province.

FIOS. 49 to 59A. Terminology of the homologous portions of elytra in the Molurini. Profile of elytra in sectional view (d.a.=lateral outlines in dorsal aspect; d.c.=dorsal costa; d.i.=dorsal interval; du.=double; ep.=epipleuron; l.c.=lateral costa; l.i.=1ateral interval; lw.ps.c.=lower pseudopleural carina; p.c.=primary costa; ps.=pseudo- pleuron; ps.c.=pseudopleural carina; s=suture; s.c.=sutural carina; sm.d.=submarginal depression or canaliculation; u.ps.c.=upper pseudopleural carina or margination; w=indication of the width of mesothoracic peduncle).

d.a. I

ｾＮＮＭＭＭｰｳＮ｣Ｎ＠

ep. ps .. FlO. 49.-Psammodes ls.str.) spec.: no costae; the pseudopleural margination is not or scarcely visible in dorsal aspect. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under I. MOLURINI 39

d.a. d/ d.c. p.c. I.c. . ,''---' -- ＭＭＮｾＮ｣Ｎ＠ J j J _-.... 1 \ // \ ｾＭＭｾ｜ＬＭｾＭｾ＠ J ." \ .I. ,-" I I I I I I / I I I I I , I I \ I \ I " I I I I I J -...... r----- 'V W ep.

FIG. 50.-Phanerotoma (Chiliarchum) bertolonii (Guerin, 1844): costae obtusely indicated; the pseudopleural margination, together with its submarginal depression, as well as the lateral interval are entirely visible in dorsal aspect.

d.a. sｌ｟ＬＬｾﾷｬＮ＠ d·

,----p.c.

vsm.d.ps.

ｾＭＭＭＭｰｓＮ｣Ｎ＠ ,I , I ｾＭＭ / -----..... ＧﾥｾＭＭＭＭＭＭ ... W ps. ep.

FIG. 51.-Distretus (s.str.) discoideus (Guerin, 1845): primary costa sharply carinate ｾｵｴ＠ confined to sides of elytra, and, in dorsal aspect, entirely concealing the lateral !nterval plus pseudopleural margination; the lateral interval is re-entrant and lateral 10 position; the dorsal interval exhibits a submarginal depression along primary costa. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 40 I. MOLURINI

p.C.

ｾＭＭｬＮｃＮ＠

vsm.d.ps. , pS.C.

L _ -y__ J ｶｾ＠ W ps. ep. FIG. 52.-Phligra cristata (de Geer, 1778): costae sharply carinate; primary costa approximated to sides, but the lateral outlines of elytra (in dorsal aspect) defined by the lateral costa; the latter (in dorsal aspect) concealing the outer portion of lateral interval plus pseudopleural margination.

sm.d.(di} dr l____ ...--rt-/----_-_-?_'-!: - ·7: p.c.----.. / I I ｾ＠ l.i. I I ysm.d.ps. r ps.c. Ｍｪｾ＠ ps. ep. FIo. 53.-Dichtha cubica (Guerin, 1845): similar to Distretus (s.str.) discoideus (Fig. 51), but the lateral interval subvertical (and not re-entrant), therefore the primary costa (in dorsal aspect) not entirely concealing the lateral interval plus pseudopleural carina. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 1. MOLURINI 41

/ d.a.

sm.d.ps.

: ｾｰｳＮ｣Ｎ＠ \ '------y------I r '""" I ps. W ep. FIG. 54.-Somaticus '(Clinocranion) spinosus (Solier, 1843): costae formed by long spines; primary costa confined to sides, but not entirely concealing the lateral interval; the latter subvertical; pseudo pleural margination simply carinate.

r d.i.

I t t , -.J '----'r- ) W FIG. 55.-Somaticus (Acromaticus) cohaerens sp.n.: primary costa carinate, situated at about middle of elytron and at level with lateral outlines of mesothoracic peduncle; lateral interval moderately convex; pseudopleural carina, together with its submarginal depression entirely visible in dorsal aspect. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) Reproduced 42 'I. MOLURINI

sm.d.ps.

I I ,... ----ps.c. I I I j I , .; ps. • f \.---,r----', 1 - W ep. FIG. 56.-Somaticus (Trichotrachys) terricola (FAhraeus, 1870): similar to the preceding species, but the lateral interval steeply oblique.

p.C. sm.d.ps.

ｾＮｰｳＮ｣Ｌｽ＠ d'u

I I ｾＮｰｳＮ｣＠ ,I .. I ,I I 1----pS. I \ I• ,,------ＧｶＬＮＭＭＭＭＭＭｾ＠ I w ep ｆｉｾＮ＠ 57.-Histrionotus lightfooti Ｈｐ･ｲｾｮｧｵ･ｹＬ＠ 1892): primary costa formed by long spmes, similar to those in' Somaticus (Clinocranion) spinosus (fig, 54), but approximated to suture and situated at about middle of elytron; the pseudopleural margination double, with the upper edge formed by long spines, together with its submarginal depression entirely visible in dorsal aspect. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence I. MOLURINI 43 d.a. 1·

, 1-----pS. , I .,..... ;,1 ------...... ,..- ... -----_ .... 'v W ep. FlO. 58.-Histrionotus omer-cooperi sp.n.: similar ｾｯ＠ the preceding species, but the pseudopleural margination simple, with the spines Inserted on the pseudopleural cari na itself. d.i. T

, 4 ｾ＠ ___ _ -y------J W ·ep.

FIo. 59A.-Ethmus (Ethmophobes) latus Haag, 1873: costae carinate; primary costa double, confined to sides and, in dorsal aspect completely concealing the re-entrant lateral interval, together with pseudopleural carina; the dorsal costa situated at about middle of elytron and at level with outlines of mesothoracic peduncle.

A. TRACHYNOTINA KEY TO SOUTHERN AFRICAN GENERA

, 4 ｾ＠ ___ _ -y------J W ·ep.

A. TRACHYNOTINA KEY TO SOUTHERN AFRICAN GENERA

1. Primary costa of elytra, if at all developed, simple (text-fig. 81), never completely concealing lateral interval, not or rarely projecting outwards from lateral level of mesothoracic peduncle; in dorsal aspect the lateral interval visible from above or concealed only basally in the few exceptional cases, where the primary costa Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 44 I. MOLURINI (TRACHYNOTINA) is more or less confined to sides. Lateral interval from flattened to almost vertically steep, but never re-entrant. Eyes roundish to broadly reniform, either free or emarginated by genal canthus, when the latter is in contact with eyes at or some distance behind middle, with the lower portion of eyes being considerably shorter than the upper portion. Pronotum with distinct and well- demarcated posterior angles. 2 Primary costa of elytra double (text-figs. 82, 83), completely concealing lateral interval, confined to sides and strongly projecting outwards from lateral. level of mesothoracic peduncle; in dorsal aspect the lateral interval not visible except for the extreme apical portion. Lateral interval re-entrant. Eyes narrowly renifonn, emarginated by genal canthus well in front of middle, with the lower portion considerably longer than the upper one. Pronotum with rounded and undemarcated posterior angles, which are practically in line with the almost transversely curved posterior portion of sides (text-fig. 83).

9. Ethmus Haag (PI. IX, fig. 4; text-figs. 59, 80, 82 and 83.) Type species.-Ethmus maculatus Haag, 1873. This genus is the only tropical element in the Southern African Trachynotina, with a range from about 5° south latitude to approximately the tropic of Capricorn. Of the many tropical species only a few of the subgenera Ethmus s.str. and Ethmophobes enter Southern Africa, where they are confined to the Trans-Bechuanian parts (Portu. East Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, Damarala:nd and Ovamboland). The Ethmus are related to the subgenera Trichotrachys and Tropi- trachys of Somaticus, with which they are linked by the tropical genus Trichethmus; certain connections appear to exist between Ethmus and Stenethmus·of Oxurina. The subgenus Ethmomerus of Ethmus, exhibiting a simple primary costa, is purely tropical. 2. Pseudopleural carina of elytra from smooth through crenulate to minutely serrate-denticulate; primary costa only in a single case composed of large, long and erect spines, when also an identically formed dorsal costa is present. 3 Pseudopleural carina of elytra with long and sharply pointed spines; primary costa with identical spines, but the dorsal costa absent or feebly indicated by a row of minutely pointed granules.

2.' Histrionotus g.nov. (PI. V, fig. 9; text-fig. 57.) Type species.-Trachynotus Lightfooti Peringuey, 1892. A monotypical genus, representing the only known Molurin with a spinose pseudopleural carina. Related to Trachynotus and Epairopsis. Endemic to the Pro-Namibian parts of Little and Great Namaqualand, and with three sharply defined subspecies. 3. Pronotum without anterior carina. Elytra costate, except in Microphligra (when the body is very small and only 4 to 5 mm. in length; the antennae with two-segmented apical club, the apical Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 1. MOLURJ;NI (TRACHYNOTINA) 45

FIG. 59B.-Vieta rendiliana Lesne (ex Lesne, 1922).-Lateral view of front-body.

segment of antennae enlarged, twice as long and twice as qroad as the pre-penultimate segment; the pronotum only a little broader than head, with strongly produced middle of anterior margin). 4 Pronotum with sharp anterior carina, which is only exceptionally flattened to obsolescent on middle (but in these cases the body at least 7 mm. long, the antennae without apical club, the apical segment of antennae at most a little longer and barely broader than the pre-penultimate segment, the pronotum at least one-third broader than head, with truncate to shallowly bi-sinuate anterior margin). . 1. Somaticu, Hope

(Pis. IV, figs. 15-17; V, figs. 1,2,4-8, 10-12; X-XXIV; text-figs. 54-56, 60-77, 81-158.) Type species.-Sepidium rugosum Fabricius, 1781. Autochthonous to Southern Africa, occurring in more than 100 species over the entire territory, but becoming scattered in the North and with only a few forms penetrating into Southern Angola, Northern Rhodesia and the southern part of Tanganyika Territory. One of the most difficult genera of Molurini, associated with a great number of the Trachynotus sensu Gebien, 1937, and auct. Key to the morpho-geographic groups, see on p. 57. 4. Genal and supra-antenna! edge situated at about levd with eyes, usually in contact with the latter, if not, then the submarginal depression of elytra with transverse tubercles or the pronotum with prominent structures. Supra-orbital edge not or only slightly auriculate, not covering a large portion of eyes. Elytra, with primary costa and at least dorsal or lateral costulae feebly indicated, except in Oxycerus, when the lateral carina of pronotum is produced into a sharp median spine. 5 Genal and supra-antennal edge situated considerably below level of eyes, usually not in contact with the latter. Supra-orbital edge strongly auriculate, concealing a large portion of eyes, if not, then the elytra without costae. Elytra only with primary costa or uniformly plane or with a few large and irregular tubercles; submarginal depression without transverse tubercles. Sides of pronotum without median spine. 7 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 1. MOLURJ;NI (TRACHYNOTINA) 45

FIG. 59B.-Vieta rendiliana Lesne (ex Lesne, 1922).-Lateral view of front-body.

5. Oxycerlls g.nov. (Pl. v, fig. 13.) Type species.-Trachynotus resolutus Peringuey, 1904. Monotypical genus, peculiar, but intermediate between some eastern Somaticus and Ossiporis. Endemic to the Waterberg District in the Western Transvaal.

6. Pronotum without prominent spiniform tubercles, plane or impressed discally or with slightly convex, brush-like stripes on middle and lateral portions. Elytra with broadly depressed submarginal area; primary costa not abbreviated posteriorly, with non-dentiform and not projecting apex; lateral interval moderately steep to flattened, only in Trachynotus plicipennis is the outer half of lateral interval practically vertical.

3. Trachynotlls Latreille

(Pis. IV, fig. 14; V, fig. 3; VIII, figs. 5-9.) Type species.-Tenebrio reticulatus De Geer, 1778. South African genus, endemic to the South-Western Cape Province, Little Namaqualand and Southern Cape Province as far east as the Humansdorp District. To the genus Trachynotus in the new conception belong the following species: reticulatus, elongatus, proximus, leucographus, vicinus, re- curvus, lutosus, plicipennis, vitlatus (of which plicatus is a new synonym), ornatus, albulus, meracus, variegatus and tricostatus. The systematic position of Trachynotus lies between the Somaticus and Ossiporis. Pronotum with two median rows of erect, setiferous and more or less spiniform tubercles, often also with calli on or near to anterior margin. Elytra with barely demarcated submarginal area and steep, subvertical lateral interval; the primary costa posteriorly abbreviated, with the apex forming a prominent and dentiform angle.

4. Phligra Laporte de Castelnau

(PI. III, fig. 2; text-fig. 52.) Type species.-Tenebrio cristatus De Geer, 1778. South African, with a restricted range of distribution in the Eastern and South-Central Cape Province. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 1. Somaticus 47 7. Elytra with simple pseudopleural margination, but in one case (Microphligra minuta [Peringuey]) with the latter resolved into large, blunt and irregular, tubercular processes. 8 Elytra with double and smooth pseudopleural margination.

6. Epairoprir g.nov.

(PI. IX, fig. I; text-fig. 78.) Type species.-Trachynotus frontalis Haag, 1873. Closely related to Ossiporis and forming a transitional link with Trachynotus. Two species, endemic to Damaraland and Great Namaqualand. 8. Body very small, 4 to 5 mm. long. The two apical segments of antennae forming a distinct club, the most apical segment being considerably longer and broader than pre-penultimate segment. Elytra without primary costa, either plane or with irregular, large, somewhat auriculate and setiferous tubercles.

7. Micropldigra g.nov.

(PI. IX, figs. 5, 6.) Type species.-Phligra minuta Peringuey, 1904. A peculiar genus, with two sub generically differing species, occurring in the South-Central and North-Western Cape Province. Body larger, 5t to 11 mm. long. Antennae without club; the apical segment distinctly shorter and barely broader than pre- penultimate segment, or exceptionally about as long as the latter. Elytra with primary costa. 8. Orriporir Pascoe

(PI. V, fig. 14; PI. IX, fig. 3; text-fig. 79.) Type species.-Ossiporis terrena Pascoe, 1866. Widely spread throughout the eastern part of Southern Africa, Northern Rhodesia, southern part of Tanganyika Territory and south- eastern part of the Belgian Congo.

1. Somaticur Hope

6. Epairoprir g.nov.

7. Micropldigra g.nov.

1. Somaticur Hope

1840 Somaticus Hope, Col. Man. 3, p. 117.-1859 Lacordaire, Gen. Coleopt., V, p. 197. Trachynolus (part.) Haag, 1871.-Gebien, 1937b, et auct. DIAGNOSIS.-Body slender to moderately broad, flattened to strongly convex, 5 to 27 mm.long, 2t to 15 mm. broad and It to lot mm. high.- Head more or less hypognathous, often with vertical face. Epistome sharply to indistinctly separated from genae. Eyes usually very large, sometimes the inter-ocular space narrower than length of eyes, frequently in the cr considerably larger than in the ｾＬ＠ broadly reniform to roundish. Genal canthus emarginating eyes behind middle or at antero-inferior angle, rarely at middle. Supra-orbital edge absent, except in some species Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 48 I. MOLURINI with large eyes. Integument punctured to granulated, more or less setiferous, or with erect hairs, sometimes with lateral stripes, formed by conglomerated pale bristles, and the eyes usually encircled by bristles. Apical segment of maxillary palpi cylindrical to slightly dilated. Antennae variable in length, from attenuate to strongly accrescent, variably pilose to setiferous; the apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment, often considerably longer.-Pronotum broader than head, usually much broader than long, broadest from in front of to well behind middle, often dimorphic and in the d' considerably narrower and more cordiform than in the ｾＬ＠ flattened to strongly convex, sometimes with angular to lobiform median dilation of sides, with submarginal depression rarely absent, plane, exceptionally with discal impressions. Anterior margin sharply carinate, except in a few species of S. (Trachyderes), when the elytra are plane and bear erect bristles. Lateral carina complete or rudimentary to absent anteriorly and posteriorly; in lateral aspect sometimes sinuate and bent upwards in front of posterior. angles. Basal carina complete to flattened and obsolescent. Integument from punctured through rugose to granulated, more or less setiferous, rarely bare or covered with a dense layer of depressed hairs. Prosternum emarginated, moderately large and in front of coxal cavities about as long as or shorter than the latter; episternum with setiferous granules, which are often of an elongate, strioliform shape, and in a few cases longitudinally confluent.-Elytra from elongate to moderately broad, flattened to strongly convex, in the d' usually more elongate than in the ｾＬ＠ broader than pronotum, rarely in the d' as broad as pronotum or even a trifle· narrower. Shoulders from absent to prominent and rectangularly rounded or produced. Apex often with hiatus, rarely bi-caudate. Primary costa usually well-pronounced, carinate, rarely spinose, sOqletimes from obtuse through obsolescent to absent; variable in position, rarely confined to sides, but not completely concealing the lateral interval. Dorsal and lateral costulae often developed. Suture more or less raised, tectiform to carinate, or plane, more or less gaping proximally. Lateral interval from flattened to almost perpendicular. Pseudopleural margination simple or duplicate, in the latter case the upper edge from obtuse to sharply carinate; the lower carina from smooth through crenulate to minutely serrate-denticulate, rarely ciliate, visible from above, except in S. (Trachyderes) barnardi, when it is concealed by the rotundate sides. Pseudopleura broad, dilated at middle. Epipleura constantly exposed. Integument granulated, tuberculated or punctured, often with distinct micro-sculpture, setiferous to densely pilose, or with erect bristles or erect long hairs, sometimes bare. Cuticle in some cases with a coloured design, formed by a waxy secretory pulverulescence.-Mesosternum with moderately broad intercoxal apophysis, without pre-episternal structures. Episternum of metasternum with setiferous, usually densely granular sculpture, which is sometimes concealed by a layer of depressed, pale bristles; episternal suture almost complete, but fine to obsolescent. Abdomen punctured, granulated or smoothed, setiferous to pilose; in the d' the middle of disc of basal sternite often with densely granulated patch or more or less raised callus.-Legs long. Tibiae subcylindrical, spinose, covered with bristles; often in the d', but rarely· in the ｾＬ＠ the underside with apical brush or subtomentose distal stripe: Tarsi elongate, spinose below; the basal segment longer than ungual segment. TYPE SPECIEs.-Sepidium rugosum Fabricius, 1781. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated by the under licence granted Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway .",.,,2 ...... /20 , --.",. , .",.3 ""' ...... / / -,-' .",..",.4 / / , - -- ./ --9 ------II -----13 ....,.------23 ---- ｾＴｩｾｾ＠ -= =::. 2j-is :. -= = --26 -- 28 _ 27--

---- 34 --- --32 -- 35-- - -.36 - -- 37 -- -:3810.::. -- 42- - ＭＨｾｾｾｴｴｬｾｾＱｩｲ＠ -- 51 --

I I "- I "- , I 45 I 50

FIG. 60. (Caption see opposite page). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated Sabinet by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 49 MORPHOLOGIC TERMINOLOGY.-See text-fig. 60, and furthermore text- figs. 54-56, 61-77 and 81-83. INTRA-GENERIC SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTlON.-The many species of Somaticus form some natural groups, ｷｨｩ｣ｾ＠ I. have . ｡ｳｾ･ｭ｢ｬ･､＠ in rather well-defined subgenera. The specific differentiatIOn wIthin these subgenera is often very small and can be reduced to a close morphological similarity, the formation of aedeagus included. To such closely similar forms I have attributed specific rank only when the sympatric distribution with the next allied form has been proved. In cases of nearly identical morphology, but allopatric distribution, I have assumed subspecific relations between the forms concerned, with the exception of special developments, in which either a chain of morphologically closely resembling and allopatric forms is suddenly interrupted by a likewise nearly identical but sympatric form, or a morphologically nearly identical form occurs, with sudden and strong differentiation of the structure of aedeagus. In these cases I have preferred to consider all forms concerned as species, whether or not found to be sympatric (cf. text-fig. 115). The correctness of interpretation and the natural character of the subgenera so established appears to be confirmed by the geographic distribution. There are found three sharply separated geographic groups of subgenera, which overlap each other to a negligible extent (cf. distribution map 1 of Somaticus). They are a western group of karrooid subgenera, an Eastern group of bushveId subgenera and a Northern group of Kalahari subgenera, the latter typically Trans- Bechuanian. The only exception is the rather indifferent and widely distributed Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus, a Western element, but of Trans- Bechuanian distribution. The Somaticus are absent from the true Namib desert and have never been found occurring on loose sand of dunes.

FIG. 60. Morphologic terminology in the genus Somalicus Hope (figured Somalicus [Cero- melaephus] slrangulalus arborarius nov.). Buccal organs.-l=epipharynx; 2=mandible; 3=paJpus of maxilla; 4=cardo and stipes of maxilla; 5=prelabium with palpus; 6= mentum; 7= antennal insertion; 8=labrum. Head capsule.-9=postgenal margin; 10=pregular sulcus; l1=postgena; 12= gula; J3=occipital foramen; 14=epistome; 15=clypeal suture; 16=epistomal sulcus; 17=lateral stripe; 18=gena; 19=tempora; 20=genal canthus; 21=ocular emargination; 22 = antero-inferior angle of eye. Prothorax.-23=anterior carina of prosternum; 24=prosternum; 25=episternum of prosternum; 26=prosternal apophysis; 27=procoxa; 28=Jateral carina of pronotum; 29=foraminal carina of prothoracic base. Hind-body.-30=mesothoracic foramen; 31=scutellum; 32= mesosternum; 33=mesosternal apophysis; 34=episternum of mesosternum; 35=epimeron of mesosternum; 36=trochantin of mesocoxa; 37=mesocoxa; 38=metasternum; 39=episternal suture of metasternum; 40=episternum of metasternum; 41=epimeron of metasternum; 42=metacoxa; 43=inter-coxal process of abdomen; 44= anal sternite; 45=pygidium; 46=suture of elytra; 47=dorsal costula on elytra; 48=primary costa on elytra; 49=lateral interval of elytra; 50=dorsal interval of elytra; 51=pseudopleural carina (in Somalicus [Ceromelaephus] double); 52=pseu- dopleuron; 53=epipleuron. Legs.-54=trochanter; 55=tibial calcaria; 56=c1aw. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced 50 I. MOLURINI

SYSTEMATIC AND ZoOGEOGRAPmCAL CATALOGUE.-The genus Somaticus Hope (sensu meo) comprises the following species of Trachynotus (sensu auctorum), plus new forms, in systematic order.

a. Subgenus Clinocranion Solier a/I. spinosus-group spinosus (Solier), p. 71 N.W. Cape Province a/2. planatus-group planatus (Solier), p. 72 ssp. planatus s. str. C. and N.W. Cape Province ssp. drukeri nov. S.W. Great Namaqualand ssp. subdamarensis nov. N.W. Great Namaqualand b. Subgenus Somaticus Hope b/l. rugosus-group rugosus (Fabricius), p. 76 (syn. leucophrys Herbst) ssp. rugosus s. str. S.W. Cape Province ssp. testaceipes nov. S.W. Cape Province ssp. rugosissimus nov. S.W. Cape Province stridulatus nov., p. 78 S.W. Cape Province glabriventris nov., p. 78 N.W. Cape Province (syn. rugosus Solier and Haag, nec Fabricius) decoratipes nov., p. 79 ssp. decoratipes s. str. N.W. Cape Province ssp. cisfluminis nov. S.E. Great Namaqualand straminicornis nov., p. 81 S.W. Great Namaqualand b/2. aeneus-group aeneus (Solier), p. 82 C. and N. Southern Africa welwitschi nov., p. 84 S.W. Angola stali (Haag), p. 85 S.W. Damaraland (syn. latemarginatus Peringuey) bisbicostatus (Gebien), p. 86 S.W. Damaraland e. Subgenus Ceromelaephus nov. ell. baden i-group badeni (Haag), p. 88 N., N.W., C. Cape Province; (syn. scrobiculatus Peringuey) S. Great Namaqualand seminitidus nov., p. 89 N. Cape Province; S.E .. Great Namaqualand wahlbergi (Haag), p. 89 ssp. wahlbergi s. str. S. Damaraland; N. Great Namaqualand ssp. ausensis nov. S. W. Great Namaqualand e/2. strangulatus-group strangulatus (Gebien), p. 90 ssp. strangulatus s. str. South West Africa (Great Namaqualand ?) ssp. patzelti nov. E. Great Namaqualand ssp. rehobothensis nov. N. Great Namaqualand ssp. arborarius nov. S.W. Great Namaqualand ssp. auobensis nov. E. Great Namaqualand Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated by the Publisher under licence granted Gateway Reproduced by Sabinet 1. Somaticus 51

d. Subgenus Bechuanitis nov. d/I. bohemani-group bohemani (Haag), p. 94 ssp. bohemani s. str. w. Damaraland ssp. scherzi nov. C.S. Damaraland ssp. gaerdesi nov. E. Damaraland d/2. cinctus-group cinctus (Haag), p. 97 S. and E. Damaraland hereroensis nov., p. 99 N.W. Damaraland geniculatus (Haag), p. 99 ssp. geniculatus s. str. N. Cape Province; C. and W. Transvaal ssp. hessei nov. N. Transvaal; S., C. and E. Southern Rhodesia; S.W. Portuguese East Mrica; Bechuanaland; N.Ovamboland ssp. pluricostatus nov. W. Southern Rhodesia rugulosicol/is (Hesse), p. 102 N.E. Bechuanaland; S.W. Southern Rhodesia d/3. brucki-group brucki (Haag), p. 102 (syn. nov. kalaharicus Hesse) ssp. brucki s. str. N. Bechuanaland ssp. poweri (Hesse) N. Cape Province ssp. ovamboanus nov. Ovamboland

e. Subgenus Diacis nov. regalis (Haag), p. 106 Damaraland; Great Namaqua- land; N. Cape Province angustus (Peringuey), p. 107 W.e. Cape Province distinctus (Peringuey), p. 108 Ovamboland; Bechuanaland; W. Southern Rhodesia f. Subgenus Trichotrichus nov. crinitus (Haag) p. 109 Ca pe Province (1) kraatzi (Haag), p. 110 ssp. kraatzi s. str. S.W. Cape Province ssp. julvohirtus nov. S.C. Cape Province ssp. orientalis nov. E.e. Cape Province serratus (peringuey), p. 112 S.W. Cape Province

g. Subgenus Trachyderes nov. g/ I. haagi-group haagi (peringuey), p. 114 ssp. haagi s. str. N. and N.W. Cape Province ssp. pilipeplus nov. Great Namaqualand g/2. goryi-group goryi (Solier), p. 117 N.W. Cape Province dutoiti nov. p. 118 S. Great Namaqualand Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced 52 1. MOLURINI

g/3. bipunctatus-group bipunctatus (Haag), p. 119 ssp. bipunctatus s. str. N.W. Cape Province ssp. pilosus (Peringuey) N.C. Cape Province gunvorae (Koch), p. 121 ssp. gunvorae s. str. N. Cape Province ssp. cylindricollis nov. N. Cape Province ssp. amnigenus nov. N.W. Cape Province g/4. tentyrioides-group tentyrioides (Haag), p. 124 S. Damaraland; N. Great Nama- (syn. nov. acuticostis Gebien) qualand ratus nov., p. 125 N. Cape Province fitzsimonsi nov, p. 126 S. Great Namaqua1and g/5. gracilipes-group gracilipes (Haag), p. 128 S.W. Cape Province (syn. attenuatus Peringuey) eremicola nov., p. 129 N.W. Cape Province g/6. dubius-group dubius (Peringuey), p. 130 Damaraland; Ovamboland var. sericeus (Peringuey) (syn. nov. maculipennis Gebien) - g/7. ｴｩ｢ｩ｡ｬｩｳｾｧｲｯｵｰ＠ tibialis (Haag), p. 132 S.C. and C. Cape Province zinni nov., p. 133 S.C. Cape Province plutus nov., p. 134 S.c. Cape Province (syn. scutellijormis Haag, nec Laporte de Castelnau) g/8. braw(si-group braunsi nov., p. 135 S.C. Cape Province cordipennis nov., p. 136 S.C. Cape Province g/9. barnardi-group barnardi nov., p. 137 N.W. Cape Province g/10. incostatus-group incostatus (Gebien), p. 138 Damaraland; Great Nama- qualand; N. and N. W. Cape Province kungorum nov., p. 140 N.E. DamaraJand gill. pygmaeus-group pygmaeus (Fahraeus), p. 141 N. Cape Province; W. Trans- (syn. tantillus Peringuey) vaal; W. Orange Free State; W. Basutoland albomaculatus (Haag), p. 142 E.C. to N;W. Cape Province (syn. terrenus Peringuey)

h. Subgenus Acromaticus nov. h/l. acuminatus-group acuminatus (Quensel), p. 149 S.W. Cape Province purcelli nov., p. 151 ｾＮｗＮ＠ Cape Province suturalijer nov., p. 151 S.W. Cape Province algoensis nov., p. 153 .S.E. Cape Province vansonianus nov., p. 154 S.W. Cape Province bisinuatus nov., p. 155 S.W. Cape Province Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated by the Publisher under licence granted Gateway Reproduced by Sabinet 1. Somaticus 53

punctiger (Haag), p. 156 S.W. Cape Province corallipes nov., p. 157 S.W. Cape Province caviventris nov., p. 158 N.W. Cape Province nollothensis nov., p. 158 N.W. Cape Province Mrundo nov., p. 159 S. W. Cape Province var. rubripes nov. praephallatus nov. p. 161 ssp. praephallatus s. str. N.W. Cape Province ssp. frigidorae nov. N.W. Cape Province moerens (Haag), p. 162 S.E. Cape Province albanyensis nov;, p. 164 S.E. Cape Province karrooensis nov., p. 164 S.C. Cape Province georgensis nov., p. 166 S. Cape Province cohaerens nov., p. 166 S.C. Cape Province transmontanus nov., p. 167 S.W. Cape Province adventitus (Peringuey), p. 169 N.W. and C.W. Cape Province namaquensis nov., p. 170 S.W. Cape Province nitens (Peringuey), p. 171 N.W. and C.W. Cape Province malaisei nov., p. 172 S.W. Cape Province dimorphus nov., p. 172 S.W. Cape Province h/2. marlothi-group marlothi nov., p. 174 N.W. Cape Province h/3. scaber-group scaber (Haag), p. 175 S.c. Cape Province h/4. licinoides-group licinoides (Haag), p. 176 S.W. Cape Province hiS. saxicola-group saxicola nov., p. 177 N.W. Cape Province

I. Subgenus Tracheloeum Hope ill. laticollis-group laticollis (Hope), p. 179 ssp. laticollis s. str. Transvaal ssp. laevis (Fiihraeus) Transvaal; Orange Free State; (syn. nov. glaber Fiihraeus) Basutoland; Natal; N.E. Cape Province dilatatus (Haag), p. 182 E. Cape Province pretorianus nov., p. 182 ssp. pretorianus s. str. C. Transvaal ssp. bushveldeus nov. E. and N. Transvaal i/2. maculosus-group maculosus (Fiihraeus), p. 184 Transvaal fahraeusi nov., p. 185 N. Transvaal; Orange Free State; Southern Rhodesia var. M-signatus nov. i/3. vittiger-group vittiger (Haag), p. 187 N. Cape Province contractus (Haag), p. 189 N. Cape Province i/4. silphoides-group silphoides (Fiihraeus), p. 191 ssp. silphoides s. str. "Caffraria" (Transvaal? Natal ?) ssp. peringueyi nov. E. Transvaal Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 54 I. MOLURINI

o v

FIG. 61.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus (Solier, 1843).-Head in lateral view (ai= antenna I insertion; E=eye; e=epistome;/r=front; gc=genal canthus; gu=gula; I=labrum; md=mandible; me=maxillary emargination of postgenal margin; 0= occiput; pgus=pregular sulcus; v=vertex).

FIG. 62.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus.-Underside of head (ai=antennal insertion; ar=antennal ridge of postgenal margin; c=cardo of maxilla; E=eye; /=occipital foramen; gu=gula; I=labrum; m=mentum; md=mandible; me=maxiIIary emargination of postgenal margin; mdr=mandibular ridge of postgenal margin; pg=postgena; pl=pre1abium; pgus=pregular sulcus; st=stipes of maxilla).

(syn. plicipennis Peringuey) ssp. nigronitens nov. E. Transvaal ssp. swazicola nov. Swaziland ssp. metallescens nov. E. Transvaal giganteus nov., p. 194 W. and C. Transvaal intermedius (Haag), p. 195 Natal similis (Haag) p. 196 Natal transvaalensis nov., p. 197 ·C. Transvaal i/5. carinatus-group carinatus (Solier), p. 199 ssp. carinatus s. str. E. and N.E. Cape Province ssp. chevrolati (Haag) E. and E.C. Cape Province Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted under licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus· 55

FIG. 63.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus.-Upper surface of head (e=epistome;!r=front; g=gena; l=labrum; 0= occiput; t=tempora; v=vertex).

ssp. cancellatus nov. C. Cape Province impressicollis (Peringuey), E. and S.E. Cape Province p. 200 hoffmanni (Haag), p. 201 S.C. Cape Province

j. Subgenus Trichotrachys nov. jjl. sordidus-group sordidus (Gerstaecker), p. 205 Portuguese East Africa; South- ern Rhodesia; Tanganyika Territory angulatus (Fahraeus), p. 206 N. Cape Province; Transvaal; Orange Free State; S.E. Bechu- analand; Southern Rhodesia obscurus nov., p. 208 Southern Rhodesia sinuatus nov., p. 208 N. Transvaal varicollis nov., p. 209 ssp. varicollis s. str. Natal; S.E. Orange Free State ssp. brachythorax nov. E. and N. Transvaal ssp. disconnectus nov. E. Southern Rhodesia darlingtoni nov., p. 212 Swaziland; S.E. Transvaal schalkwykae nov., p. 213 E. Transvaal griseus (Fahraeus), p. 214 Natal terricola (FAhraeus), p. 215 ssp. terricola s. str. N. Transvaal ssp. setulosus (Haag) S. Transvaal; Orange Free State; S.E. Bechuanaland; Basutoland; E.C. and N.E. Cape Province jj2. vestitus-group vestitus (Haag), p. 218 Transvaal; Orange Free State; Southern Rhodesia zumpti nov., p. 219 ssp. zumpti s. str. Transvaal ssp. rhodesianus nov. Southern Rhodesia testudo nov., p. 220 N.W. Transvaal Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated licence granted under Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 56 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 64.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus.-Antenna (lateral view).

FIG. 6S.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus.-Prothorax with leg in ventral view (a=prosternal apophysis; a/=anterior foramen; ｾｦ］｢｡ｳ｡ｬ＠ foramen; c=coxa; cc=coxal cavity; es=epistemal suture; o=onychial (or infra-ungual) process of ungual segment of tarsus; s=socket; t=trochanter).

j/3. lutulentus-group lutulentus (Peringuey), p. 222 ssp. lutulentus s. str. E. Transvaal ssp. montis-draconis nov. N. Natal newtoni nov., p. 223 Natal j/4. hispidus-group hispidus (Hesse), p. 225 S.E. Bechuanaland j/5. junestus-group junestus (Fahraeus), p. 227 "Cafi'raria" (Transvaal 7) metropolis nov., p. 227 Transvaal histrio nov., p. 229 E. Transvaal k. Subgenus Tropitrachys nov. peregrina tor (Koch), p. 230 Northern Rhodesia tropicalis nov., p. 231 N.C. Tanganyika Territory SPECIES INCERTAE SEDIs.-Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, described a Sepidium scutelliforme, which I am unable to identify with certainty. The original description reads as follows. Long. Slig. 3/4. Larg. 2 Jig. 2/3.-Noir; corselet court, transversal, reborde; elytres grandes, tres-largement rebordees, avec une cOte longitudinale et assez forte sur chacun, et la suture elevee; entre ces deux parties 1'0n voit aussi une petite ligne longitudinale a. peine marquee; antennes un peu brunes.-Cap de Bonne-Esperance. Laporte de Castelnau placed this species to his fourth division (Tra- chynotus) of Sepidium. There is little doubt that it belongs to the Somaticus, but the description could be applied to a great number of species. Haag's interpretation cannot be accepted, as his scutelliformis (= plutus sp. n., p. 134) measures only 9 to 10 mm. in length, whereas the original description refers to 5i French lines, which are equal to about 14 mm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated granted under licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 56 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 64.-Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus.-Antenna (lateral view).

5 =: -:. ｾ＠ＭＭＭｾ､ＮｰＮ｣Ｎ＠

--- -- i.d.c. ---- ou.d.c. 10

12mm_

FIG. 83B=Ethmus (Ethmus) barbosai Koch, 19532.-Elytra (dorsal aspect) with weakly indicated inner dorsal costa, outer dorsal costa and dou ble primary costa.

WESTERN GROUPS a. Subgenus Clinocranion

• 1843 Clynocranion Solier, p. 216 (reprint p. 4). • 1843 Clinocranion Solier, p. 326 (reprint p. 114).-1859 Lacordaire, pp. 193, 200.- 1870 Gemminger & De Harold, p. 1901.-1871 Haag, p. 26.-1873 Haag, pp. 2, 43.-1910 Gebien, p. 163. 1920 Trachynotus (part.) Gebien, p. 91.-I937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOSIs.-Head vertical, without lateral stripes. Eyes much longer than broad, emarginated at inferior portion, with pre-ocular edge. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae with pale pilosity. Pro- thorax not sloping, with the foraminal carina exposed laterally (in dorsal view). Base of pronotum carinate. Scutellum with bare and smoothed apex. Elytra shiny, shoulderless, strongly raised, with sub vertical lateral interval. Primary costa with spines or at least dentiform tubercles posteriorly, confined to sides; concealing lateral interval basally. Tubercles on intervals pointed, erect and prominent. Pseudopleural margination simple or duplicate. The inflexed alae of apicale of aedeagus grown together in front of apex, there membraneous and covering groove. LECTOTYPE SPECIES.-Clinocranion spinosum Solier. COMPOSITION.-Two peculiar and sharply differentiated, mono typical groups, which are partially sympatric. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Related to S. (Somaticus). Differing from.all the other Somaticus by the pre-apically fused inflexed alae of apicale of aedeagus and the prominent tuberculation on elytral intervals. . The: Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 71

c D E A

FIG. 84.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Clinocranion) spinosus (Solier, 1843).-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, inner surface; D=penis, outer surface; E= penis, lateral view.

spinose to dentiformly tuberculated structure of primary costa is not quite peculiar to this subgenus as, among the other Somaticus, S. (Somati- cus) stali also exhibits a dentiformly tuberculated primary costa posteriorly. DISTRIBUTION.-('- on map 1) Western.-Central and North-Western Cape Province and Great Namaqualand. a/I. spinosus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 57, §1) Head above densely granulated. Eyes with slightly arcuate supra-orbital edge. Pronotum sparsely granulated, with sharply angular to dentiform dilation of sides; lateral carina evanescent behind median dilation. Elytra coarsely punctured, with the primary and dorsal costae each composed of a row of large spines. Pseudopleural margination simple, densely and minutely denticulate. . Somaticus (Clinocranion) spinosus (Solier) .. 1843 Clbiocranion spinosum Solier, p. 327 (reprint p. 115), pI. 4, figs. 17, 18 (8, ,,). -v. 1873 Haag, p. 43.-1910 Gebien, p. 163. . 1920 Trachynotus spinosus Gebien, p. 92.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3648. PI. V, fig. 11; PI. X, fig. 1; text-figs. 54, 73 and 84. Black; with sparse, fine and adherent hairs, except for the shiny and bare elytra which, in fresh specimens, have an aenescent sheen and the latera.. interval covered with a whitish, waxy, secretory pulverulescence. ｅｹｾｳ＠ In the c! considerably larger than in the ｾＬ＠ almost as long as breadth of mter-ocular space anteriorly; the latter concave. Pronotum a little Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 72 I. MOLURINI less than twice as broad as long, flattened, dull; anterior margin truncate. Elytra distinctly broader than pronotum, densely and coarsely punctured, between punctures with fine, sharply spinose granules, becoming larger and obsoletely arranged longitudinally on outer half of dorsal interval, very fine and dense on lateral interval. Suture smoothed and faintly raised. Apical declivity with scattered, fine and spiniform granules. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) distinctly narrower than,dorsa1.interval. Pseudopleura with fine granules. Abdomen dull, with scattered, .round and setiferous granules, except for the densely punctured anal sternite. Legs very long; femora thin and subparallel. Underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush in both sexes. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 84)-Apicale a little 10rfger than basale, with prolonged and narrowly acuminate apex and continuously rotundate sides; dorsal surface smooth, with the apex divided but not gaping, bearing a few setiferous punctures laterally; ventral surface with the inflexed alae leaving groove exposed, except for fused pre-apical portion. Penis broadened distally, with obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with uniformly convex apical third, tectiform proximal two-thirds, there densely striolated, with an extremely fine, canaliculate median line, ending in front of apical portion; inner surface with open groove; the latter with a longitudinal and canaliculate convexity on distal half, abruptly demarcated from orifice. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 12-!- to 18 mm., width 5t to 8 mm., 'height 4-!- to 7 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap de Bonne Esperance". Type, according to Haag, in Museum Geneva. No further records. DISTRIBlJTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Cape Province. On open sandy flats, from June to August. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pofadder (T); Pella (S).-Little Namaqualand (100): Brackputs, halfway btwn. Pof- adder and Springbok (T); Concordia (S); Vioolsdrift ＨｾＩＮＭｃ｡ｬｶｩｮｩ｡＠ Distr. (41): Nieuwoudtville (St). aj2. planatus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 58, §9) Head above punctured to rugose. Eyes without supraorbital edge. Pronotum punctured to rugosely granular, with lobiform and rounded dilation of sides; lateral carina complete. Elytra densely covered with rugose transverse ridges, with the primary and dorsal costae densely tuberculate, more or less spinose posteriorly; dorsal costa much less developed than primary costa. Pseudo pleural margination double, the upper edge minutely tuberculate, the lower one carinate. Somaticus (Clinocranion) planatus (Solier) • 1843 Clinocranionplanatum Solier, p. 326 (reprint p. 116), pI. 4, figs. 15, 16 (").- v. 1873 Haag, p. 43.-1910 Gebien, p. 163. 1920 Trachynotus planatus Gebien, pp. 92, 97.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3650. sensu latiore PI. V, fig. 10. Black; almost bare; elytra shiny, in fresh specimens with aenescent sheen and deepened portions of sculpture usually filled with sandy . particles. Eyes very similar to spinosus. Pronotum about twice as' broad Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 73

as long or broader, completely marginate peripherally, with a variable, more or less dense punctation. Elytra slightly broader than pronotum. The dentiform tuberculation on dorsal interval more or less distinctly arranged in a longitudinal row between suture and dorsal costa and between the latter and primary costa. Suture carinate to tuberculate. Apical declivity irregularly tuberculate. Lateral interval (in caudal view) only a little narrower than dorsal interval, rugose, coarsely punctured, with a median row of fine tubercles and another finer one between median row and primary costa. Pseudopleura smoothed, shiny, with fine and obsolescent granules. Abdomen sericeous, the proximal sternites granular, the two distal ones punctured. Legs as in spinosus; the underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush in both sexes. AEDEAGUs.-Very similar to spinosus, but the penis with more prolonged apex, more roughly striolated proximal portion of outer surface and the distal portion of inner groove with several very sharp, cariniform lines, running parallel with the median canaliculation. Shape and sculpture of apex of apicale variable according to subspecies. TYPE LocALITy.-"Kais Kaama" (probably an old spelling for Kakamas but not referable to Keiskamma in the South-Eastern Cape Province). Type probablyjn Museum Geneva. No further records, with the exception of Kanus (South West Africa, Warmbad Distr. [1] ), Gebien, 1920. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-With three sharply divided subspecies occurring in Great Namaqualand, the North-Western and Central Cape Province, southwards as far as the Cape Mountains. Habitat as in spinosus; from April to October.

SUBSPECIES

1. Pronotum with extremely dense punctation, with the intervals between punctures sharply raised into subgranular and irregularly confluent rugosities. planatus suhdamarens;s ssp. nov.

Similar to plana/us drukeri, but the transverse ridges on disc of e1ytra less continuous and tending to become resolved into tubercles; the apex of apicale of aedeagus still more strongly acuminate, almost spiniform. DIMENsIONs.-Length 15i to 16 mm., width 5f mrn., height 41 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South- West A/rica, North-Western Great Namaqua- land.-Rehoboth Distr. (8) Naukluft, V. 1953 (E. Scherz, 2 eM, holo- and para types in Transvaal Museum). Pronotum with sparse to concentrated punctation and plane, smooth intervals between punctures. 2 2. Vertex dull, with very dense, longitudinally confluent punctation and rugosely raised intervals between punctures. Eyes smaller, in the cr distinctly shorter than anterior breadth of inter-ocular space. Pronotum with barely depressed posterior angles, dull, densely punctured on disc and rugose on lateral portions. Elytra with slight indication of shoulders, as the primary costa is slightly rounded in front of base; primary costa denticulate, dorsal costula strongly developed, almost continuous. planatus druker; ssp. nov. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 74 I. MOLURINI

The costal elements of e1ytral sculpture are less strongly denticulate than in planatus planatus; the apex of apicale of aedeagus is narrow and well produced. DIMENSIONS.-Length 15t to 25t mm., width 6 to lIt mm., height 5t to 9-1- mm. DISTRlBUTION.-South- West A/rica, South-Western Great Namaqua- land.-Uideritzbucht Distr. (2): Aus, IX. 1950 (M. Druker, C. Koch & G. van Son, 65 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Namtib, btwn. Aus and He1meringshausen; Kuibis; btwn. Kubub and Arasab Moun- tains; Reck Vlagte (T). DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Mr. M. ｄｲｵｾ･ｲＬ＠ Liideritzbucht. Vertex shiny, less densely punctured, with plane intervals between punctures. Eyes larger, in the d' almost longer than breadth of inter-ocular space anteriorly. Pronotum with strongly depressed posterior angles, shiny, sparsely punctured on disc, rugose only on lateral dilation. Elytra without any indication of shoulders; primary costa straightly narrowed to .base, resolved into rather long spines posteriorly; dorsal costula weakly developed and composed of separated and dentiform tubercles. planatus planatus (Solier) Apex of apicale of aedeagus less prolonged than in the other subspecies. DlMENSIONs.-Length 15 to 24 mm., width 5t to lOt mm., height 4* to 8t mm. DISTRlBUTIoN.-Central and North- Western Cape Province.-Dis- tricts of Prince Albert (24): Lammerskraal (S); Vogelfontein (St).- Laingsburg (19): Dikbome Koup (S).-Richmond (49) (S).-Fraser- burg (44): Fraserburg Road (S).-Carnarvon (103): Van Wyk's Vlei (S).-Prieska (104) (T, St).-Kenhardt.{101): Kenhardt and Kakamas (S); Nabeis, 30 m. W of Kakamas, Pofadder, Pella and Aggeneys (T). -Gordonia (124): Riemvastmak, NW of Kakamas (S).-CaJvinia (41) (St).-Little Namaqualand (100): Steinkopf and Bushman Flats (T).-South- West A/rica, South-Eastern Great Namaqualand.- Warmbad Dist. (1): Verloor and Warmbad (T).-Keetmanshoop Distr. (4): Klein-Karas (Sto); btwn. Tses and Asab (T). b. Subgenus Somaticus * 1840 Somaticus Hope, p. 117.-1859 Lacordaire, p. 197. 1843 Gonopterus Solier, p. 313 (reprint p. 103). 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head strongly hypognathous to vertical, sometimes with lateral stripes. Eyes a little to much longer than broad, emarginated behind middle or above inferior portion, without supra-orbital structures. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae subparallel to slightly attenuate, with variable, often very dense, pale pilosity. Pro thorax horizontal to slightly sloping, with the foraminal carina often exposed laterally. Pronotum usually punctured, rarely granulated, carinate peripherally, with only the lateral carina sometimes evanescent in front of posterior angles. Sides rounded. Base and anterior margin truncate. Elytra bare and shiny, densely covered with a transversely rugose to reticulate tuberculation, always with a sharply raised primary costa and with or without supplementary costae. Lateral interval very steep to oblique. Pseudopleural margination double, except in welwitschi, in which the upper edge is very fine to evanescent. Apicale of aedeagus about as long as basale, or longer; ventral surface with open groove. Inner surface of penis with open groove. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 74 I. MOLURINI

TYPE SPECIES.-Sepidium rugosum Fabricius. COMPOSITION.-Two sharply differentiated groups, which are strictly allopatric. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Related to S. (Clinocranion) and S. (Cero- melaephus). Well-characterized by the pale pilosity of antennae, the truncate anterior margin of pronotum, the shiny and tuberculated elytra and the double pseudopleural margination. The only convergent species of'any other subgenus is S. (Clinocranion) planatus, closely resembling S. Ｈｓｯｭ｡ｴｩ｣ｵｳｾ＠ stali and agreeing with the latter. even in the l?osteriorly denticulate prImary costa of elytra. However, III the Somatlcus s. str. the tubercles on elytra are obtuse, never denticulate nor prominent, and the inflexed alae of apicale of aedeagus widely separated on ventral surface and not grown together pre-apically. DISTRIBUTlON.--(.... on map 1, and l'::, for aeneus) Western; with aeneus, the only known, widely spread Molurin, of Trans-Bechuanian distribution. Western, Central and Northern Cape Province, Great Namaqua- land, Damaraland, Southern Angola, Bechuanaland, Southern Rhodesia, Northern Transvaal. b/l. rugosus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 59, §10) Head with broad, pale, lateral stripes. Eyes broadly reniform, only a little longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Antennae very densely covered with squarrose, pale bristles, more or less concealing the background. Foraminal carina of pro thoracic base not exposed dorsally. Pronotum globularly convex, carinate peripherally. Elytra with shoulders, much broader than pronotum, with primary costa but no supplementary costae. Lateral interval usually much broader than dorsal interval, but never narrower. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination obtuse, tuberculate and bunched up. Apicale of aedeagus about as long as basale, with more or less pointed and produced apex. Five similar species from the Western Cape Province, just extending into the southern part of Great Namaqualand. Two of them (decoratipes and straminicornis) are well separable, while the remaining three form a chain of extremely close species, which cannot, however, be considered subspecies, as they are partially sympatric. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pronotum punctured; episternum of pro sternum not exposed posteriorly (dorsal aspect). 2 Pronotum densely covered with round granules; episternum of prosternum distinctly exposed close to posterior angles (dorsal aspect). straminicornis sp. nov. (p. 81) 2. Elytra long, densely covered with transverse ridges on dorsal interval; the latter much narrower than lateral interval; suture sharply carinate. Lateral portions of pronotum with scattered punctation. Tibiae always reddish. In the 6' the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae without hairy patch. 3 Elytra shortened; disc with irregular, subreticulate tubercles on outer half, becoming smoothed towards suture; dorsal interval about as broad as lateral interval or a little narrower; suture Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 76 1. MOLURINI smoothed and more or less tectiform. Lateral portions of pronotum with concentrated, rugosely confluent to granular punctation. Legs black. In the ｾ＠ the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae with large, subtomentose stripes of a silverish grey to whitish tint. decoratipes sp. nov. (p. 79) 3. Pseudopleura simple, with smooth submarginal area. 4 The convex submarginal area of pseudopleura with extremely . fine, dense and transversely rippled micro-sculpture. stridulatus sp. nov. (p. 78) 4. Abdomen uniformly covered with large, round and flattened granules. rugosus (Fabricius) (p. 76) Abdomen appearing as if smooth, with extremely. fine and scattered punctures. glabriventris sp. nov. (p. 78) Somaticus (Somaticus) rugosus (Fabricius) • 1781 Sepidium rugosum Fabricius, p. 315.-1795 Olivier, 61, p. 7, pI. 1, fig. 5 ＨｾＩＮ＠ -1799 Herbst, p. 149, pI. 126, fig. 5 (cop. Olivier). 1799 Pimelia leucophrys Herbst, p. 115, pI. 125, fig. 1 ＨｾＩＮ＠ 1840 Somaticus rugosus Hope, p. 117.-1859 Lacordaire, p. 197. 1910 Trachynotus rugosus Gebien, p. 165.-1920 Gebien, p. 93.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3654. sensu latiore PI. XIV, fig. 1; text-figs. 74, 82 and 85. Black, antennae and tarsi brownish, tibiae more or less reddish, sometimes the entire legs red to testaceous; shiny; practically bare. Head above with granular punctures. Eyes about as long as genae. Pronotum one-half to two-thirds broader than long, strongly rounded and dilated at or a little behind middle, with narrow submarginal depression; shiny, with scattered and superficial punctures, becoming more concemrated and sometimes also coarser towards sides. Posterior angles obtuse. Epi- sternum of prosternum with fine granules on inner half. Elytra with moderately raised and oblique lateral interval. Apical declivity uneven and sparsely granulated. Transverse ridges on lateral interval less dense than on dorsal interval, often smoot11.ed along midline. Shoulders strongly developed, obtuse to rectangularly rounded. Pseudopleura obsoletely granulated. Legs long and robust. The underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush in both sexes, but the latter strongly developed in the ｾＮ＠ AEDEAGUs.-Dorsal surface of apicale without depressed submarginal area on pre-apical dilation. Penis with more or less sharply pointed apex; outer surface broadly sulcate distally. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap bon. sp.". Type probably in Museum Copen- hagen. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-CentraJ and northern part of the South- Western Cape Province. Probably a montane species, usually found between rocks and shrubs of stony hills, from July to October. SUBSPECIES 1. Legs dark, only the proximal portion of tibiae more or less reddish. 2 The entire legs of an intense testaceous to red colour. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 77

In I' , -

ｾ＠ I' 1 il'li )1 : I _I \1 ｾ［＠ : E C B FIo. 8S.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (s.str.) rugosus testaceipes ssp.nov.-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=apicale, lateral view; D=penis, outer surface; E=penis, lateral view. rugosus testaceipes ssp. nov. In sculpture and shape of body agreeing with rugosus rugosissimus. AEOEAOus.-(text-fig. 8S)-Apex of apicale acuminate. Outer surface of penis with posteriorly abbreviated sulcus, ending at short distance from acuminate apex. DIMENSIONs.-Length 19 to 24 mm., width 8t to lot mm., height S to 7 mm. . DISTRIBUTIoN.-Northern part of the South- Western Cape Province.- Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhynsdorp, VII. to VIII. 1927 (G. van Son and H. Brauns, 2 C!C!, 3 'i1'i1, types in Transvaal Museum). 2. Lateral interval of elytra smoothed and with the transverse ridges more or less broadly interrupted along middle. Granula- tion on episternum of pro sternum more dense. Only the proximal half of tibiae reddish. rugosus rugosus (Fabricius) AEOEAOUs.-Apices of apicale and penis moderately pointed, sharply triangular, but not acuminate. Outer surface of penis with strong and prolonged median sulcus distally. DIMENSIONs.-Length 18 to 23t mm., width 8t to lIt mm., height st to 7t mm. DISTRIBUTION.-Central part of the South- Western Cape Province.- Worcester Distr. (10): Worcester (S).-Laingsburg Distr. (19): Matjes- fontein (T, 'S).-Prince Albert Distr. (24): Lammerfontein, near Moor- denaars, and Lammerskraal (S). REMARK.-I have referred the southernmost form of the rugosus- group to the typical rugosus, as at the time of Fabricius most of the insects, described from "Cap. bon. sp.", came from the southern part of the Southern Cl!pe Province. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 78 I. MOLURINI

Lateral interval of elytra densely and uniformly covered with continuously transverse ridges (as on disc). Granulation on episternum of pro sternum finer and scattered. The reddish colour of tibiae more pronounced and usually extending to apical third or quarter. rugosus rugosissimus ssp. nov.

AEDEAGUS.-As in rugosus rugosus, but the apices of apicale and penis sometimes acuminate; median sulcus on outer surface of penis reaching the apex. DIMENSIONs.-Length 20 to 28-!- mm., width 9 to 12-!- mm., height 5i- to 8t mm. D1STRIBUTIoN.-Northern part of the South- Western Cape Province.- Calvinia Distr. (41): Augusfontein, near Calvinia, IX. 1947 (Mus. Exped., 2 ｾｾＬ＠ 1 ｾＬ＠ types in South Mrican Museum); Nieuwoudtville, Brandkop (S).-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Klaver (T).-Clanwilliam Distr. (39): Nardouw Mountains, Pakhuis Pass and Olifants River, btwn. Citrusdal and Clan william (S). Somaticus (Somaticus) stridulatus sp. nov. Very closely resembling rugosus rugosissimus. Eyes smaller. Pronotum strongly transverse, duli, with broader submarginal depression on middle, coarsely and densely covered with a double punctation. Elytra broadly rounded apically, with less broadly flattened submarginal depression. Lateral interval uniformly covered with dense, continuous, transverse ridges and intermixed with granules and tubercles. Apical declivity granulated and uneven. Abdomen on three proximal sternites superficially, more or less densely granular and irregularly rugose or longitudinally wrinkled, on apical sternite with dense, rough and slightly confluent, sometimes granular punctures. AEDEAGus.-Similar to rugosus. Apicale sharply acuminate, with stronger and more abrupt pre-apical dilation; the latter with submarginal depression on dorsal surface. Penis' strongly curved apically; outer surface sulcate only on curved apical portion, but sulcus reaching the apex. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 20 to 28 mm., width 10 to 13 mm., height 6t to 8f mm. DISTRffiUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. From September to November. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Clanwilliam Distr. (39): Clanwilliam, IX. 1928 (H. Brauns, 2 66, 1 'j?, types in Transvaal Museum), X. 1948 (S. Walters, 1 6, 2 n, paratypes, St), XI. 1948 (Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., 1 'j?, paratype, M.C.A.); Cedarbergen (S).-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhynsdorp (T, St); Giftsberge (S). REMARKs.-The peculiar stridulatory structure on outer margin of pseudopleura is an important character of this species. It is lacking in all the other species of the group, and is repeated within the genus only in S. (Bechuanitis) bohemani. Somaticus (Somaticus) glabriventris sp. nov. 1843 Hypomelus (Gonopterus) rugosus Solier, pp. 307, 314 (reprint pp. 95, 102). v. 1873 Trachynotus rugosus Haag, pp. 4, 8. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 79 PI. V, fig. 7. Very closely resembling rugosus rugosus. Eyes larger. Pronotum more slender, moderately shiny to slightly sericeous, less densely punctured to smooth, with narrow, almost canaliculate submarginal depression. Elytra attenuate apically and broadly flattened on submarginal depression. Lateral interval distinctly smoothed along middle, often almost plane, punctured and the transverse ridges confined to outer declivity of primary costa and to submarginal depression. Apical declivity smoothed. Only the posterior portion of anal sternite with distinct, more dense, but fine punctures. AEDEAGUS.-Similar to stridulatus. Apices of apicale and penis prolonged and acuminate. Penis gradually narrowed towards base, only weakly curved apically. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 19 to 25 mm., width 81- to 12-1 mm., height 51- to 81- mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Cape Province. From August to December. LocALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (l00): Hondeklip Bay, XI. 1933 (G. van Son, 1 6 holotype in Transvaal Museum), XI. 1948 (Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., 1 ＶｾＬ＠ allo- and paratypes in Transvaal Museum); Buft'els River, nr. Grootmist (M.C.A.); Klipfontein (T, S); Concordia, O'Okiep and Bowesdorp, nr. Kamieskroon (S). A further specimen (St) was collected by a student at Nieuwoudtville (Calvinia-Distr., 41). If this rather southern locality should be confirmed, glabriventris will also have to be considered sympatric with rugosus, along with stridulatus. Somaticus (Somaticus) decoratipes sp. nov. Text-fig. 86. Related to rugosus, but shorter and with all parts of body stouter. Head with slightly dilated tempora. Eyes short, barely longer than broad. Genae very strongly separated from the produced epistome. Lateral stripes broad, of a yellowish to pale brownish tint. Antennae stout, shorter, with the background almost concealed by very dense bristles of a yellowish to pale brownish tint. Pronotum large, of similar shape, shiny to slightly sericeous, covered with a dense, double punctation and with fine rugosities along lateral margin. The latter not depressed, but with uniform, fine and canaliculate submarginal area. Elytra short, somewhat quadrangular, with smoothed sculpture. Lateral interval more raised and steep, consequently in dorsal aspect appearing only a little broader than dorsal interval, in caudal aspect nearly twice as broad as the latter. Primary costa finer, densely tuberculated on both sides; suture broadly smoothed, more or less tectiform. Tuberculation irregular, on dorsal interval coarse and subreticulate, becoming smoothed towards suture, on lateral interval transversely confluent and often smoothed along middle. Abdomen superficially granulated and punctured on proximal sternites, more or less densely punctured on apical ones. In the 6 the apical brush, on underside of anterior tibiae small, barely more strongly developed than in the ｾＬ＠ but the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae with large, whitish, distal stripe. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 80 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 86.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (s.str.) decoratipes cisj/uminis ssp.nov.-Apicale, dorsal surface.

AEDEAGUS.-Penis broader; outer surface strongly and evenly convex, without median impression or sulcus; apex short and obtusely pointed. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Bushmanland, Little Namaqualand and Southern Great Namaqualand. From July to October. SUBSPECIES Body stouter. Pronotum more strongly transverse, broadest well behind middle and strongly dilated; disc with less dense and finer punctures, and barely indicated median line; rugosities on sides confined to a narrow portion along submarginal canaliculation. Lateral interval of elytra more or less broadly smoothed along middle; suture fiat on apical declivity. decoratipes decoratipes nov. DIMENsIONs.-Length 17 to 23 mm., width 9 to 12 mm., height 6t to 9 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North- Western Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pella, VIII. 1950 (c. Koch & G. van Son, G. Alston, 5 c1c1, 3 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Trans- vaal Museum, I ｾＬ＠ paratype in South African Museum); Naib (S).-Little Namaqualand (100): Concordia and Henkries, W of Goodhouse (S). Body less stout. Pronotum less dilated, evenly rounded laterally, broadest at about middle; disc with dense and coarse punctures, leaving exposed a narrow and smoothed median line; rugosities on sides concentrated ana extending towards middle. Lateral interval densely tuberculated throughout, with only a slight tendency to being smoothed along middle; suture distinctly tectiform on apical declivity. decoratipes cisjluminis ssp. nov. I DIMENsIONs.-Length 18 to 24 mm., width 8t to lit mm., height 6 to 8tmm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 81 DISTRIBUTION.-South- West Africa, South-Eastern Great Namaqualand.- Warmbad Distr. (1): 10 m. N ofVioolsdrift, IX. 1950 (C. Koch & G. van Son, 6 r!r!, 4 !j!!j!, types in Transvaal Museum).-Northern Cape Province.- Gordonia Distr. (124): Riemvastmak, NW of Kakamas (S). Somat;cus (Somat;cus) stram;nicorn;s sp. nov.

Belonging to therugosus-group, but recalling certain species of the subgenus Ceromelaephus on account of the granulated and not punctured pronotum. Head as in decoratipes, bui the vertex granulated. Antennae very slender and elongate, extending well beyond pronotal base; very densely covered with whitish bristles. Pronotum less convex, one-and-a-half times as broad as long, evenly rounded laterally, broadest at about middle; slightly depressed along sides; dull, uniformly ap.d densely covered with round granules, which are a little coarser along sides. Posterior angles obtuse, but in dorsal aspect appearing as if rectangular, as a small convex portion of prosternal episternum projects from below to beyond lateral' outlines of pronotum. Elytra very densely and uniformly covered with a sharp and narrowly reticulate tuberculation. Suture raised, but not distinctly carinate. Apical declivity densely granulated and uneven. Lateral interval slightly concave, in dorsal aspect basally about as broad as dorsal interval or narrower, but becoming broader towards apex. Shoulders oblique. Abdomen punctured, with longitudinally wrinkled background. Legs slender and long. In the cr the underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush, that of intermediate and posterior tibiae with fine, dense and pale hairs along inner edge. AEDEAGUS.-Not examined. DIMENSIONs.-Length 19i mm., width 9 mm., height 51 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South West A/rica, South-Western Grea t Namaqua- land.-Liideritzbucht Distr. (2): Arasab Mountains, btwn. Kubub and Witputs, V .. 1953 (C. Koch & W. Graaf, 1 cr, holotype in Transvaal Museum).

bj2. aeneus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 60, §10) Head without lateral stripes. Eyes large, roundish, considerably longer than broad, emarginated above inferior portion. Antennae with scattered, fine, depressed and pale pilosity. Foraminal carina of pro thoracic base exposed laterally. Pronotum moderately convex to flattened, carinate peripherally, but sometimes the lateral carina evanescent in front of posterior angles. Elytra practically shoulderless, moderately broader than pronotum, with primary costa and more or less developed supplementary costae, of which the dorsal costa is often sharply carinate and strongly raised. Lateral interval, at least basally, much narrower than dorsal interval. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination sharp, in welwitschi very fine to evanescent. Apicale of aedeagus distinctly longer than basale, with simply pointed, but not acuminate apex. Two sharply differentiated phylogenetic lines, each with two closely allied but well-separable species. Western and Trans-Bechuanian, but absent from the Western and Southern Cape Province. . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 82 I. MOLURINI KEY TO SPECIES 1. Apex of elytra broadly rounded to subtruncate. Pronotum densely and distinctly punctured, with the intervals between punctures covered with much finer secondary punctures. 2 Apex of elytra strongly attenuate, with each elytron produced into a sharply pointed, caudate lobe, separated one from the other by a deep and rectangular hiatus. Pronotum with sparse, shallow and obsolescent punctures, but the intervals between punctures densely covered with very fine secondary granules. welwitschi sp. nov. (p. 84) 2. Dorsal interval of elytra with sharply raised transverse ridges, sharply carinate dorsal costa and carinate suture; primary costa not denticulate. Pronotum sericeous. 3 Dorsal interval of elytra with irregular, mote or less confluent, obtuse rugosities or tubercles; dorsal costula indicated by a more or less convex, but obtuse row of partially confluent tubercles; suture obtusely raised; primary costa with prominent and dentiform tubercles posteriorly. stali.(Haag) (p. 85) 3. Elytra very strongly raised, with steep, subvertical lateral interval; the latter basally concealed by primary costa, with only a single, obsolescent median row; no shoulders indicated. Pro- notum broadest only a little behind middle, without basal depression. bisbicostatus (Gebien) (p. 86) Elytra lower, with less steep, concave to oblique lateral interval; the latter exposed also basally, with two supplementary rows, of which the inner one is finely carinate distally; shoulders indicated, obliquely sloping. Pronotum broadest behind middle, with transversely depressed base. aeneus (Solier) (p. 82) Subgroup of aeneus (Solier) Lateral interval of elytra less steep, exposed basally (dorsal view). Aedeagus slender and long; apicale constricted at middle; the dorsal surface strongly depressed and edged along sides of median constriction, rather densely punctured, with the median division confined to pointed apical portion; apex strongly bent. Penis with rounded apex. Somaticus (Somaticus) aeneus (Solier) • 1843 Trachynotus aeneus Solier, pp. 317, 323 (reprint pp. 105, 11l).-v. 1873 Haag, pp. 4, 9.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1920 Gebien, pp. 93, 95.-v. 1935 Hesse, p. 549 (v}.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3653. PI. V, fig. 6; PI. X, fig. 2; text-figs. 61-69,87. Black; almost bare; the elytra shiny, in fresh specimens with a strong aenescent to golden sheen. Head hypognathous, dull, with moderately coarse, rather scattered punctures, and with yellowish, short and adherent bristles, concentrated above eyes. Eyes much longer than genae, in the ｾ＠ larger than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Antennae stout. Pronotum one-and-a-half to one-and-two-thirds times as broad as long, completely carinate peripherally, with the sides strongly rounded, dilated and depressed behind middle; dull, with coarse, scattered to dense, setiferous punctures, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 83 becoming more concentrated towards sides. Episternum of prosternum with fine, setiferous and granular punctures. Elytra slightly (d') to distinctly ＨｾＩ＠ broader than pronotum. Primary costa sharp, smooth, situated nearer to sides than to suture; dorsal costa sharply raised, slightly wavy and smooth. Integument densely covered with sharp, strongly raised, transverse, sometimes slightly reticulate ridges. Lateral interval con- - siderably narrower than dorsal interval, with a more or less developed median row of tubercles, and often with another, much finer row close to submarginal depression. Apical declivity smoothed, uneven, sparsely granulated. No shoulders. Pseudopleura shiny, with fine and scattered granules. Abdomen with scattered, fine setiferous punctures or granules. Legs long, but robust. In the d' the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with a dense and pale brush on distal half; in the ｾ＠ only the underside of anterior tibiae with a small apical brush. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 87)-Dorsal surface of apicale more strongly compressed and distinctly edged along sides of median constriction, rather coarsely punctured; apex less prolonged, with the median division not gaping apically. Penis subparallel, not dilated distally; apex less strongly curved; outer surface with extremely fine median canaliculation, ending in front of curved apical portion. DIMENSIONs.-Length 15t to 25t rom., width 6t to 12 mm., height 5:1- to 8t rom. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap de Bonne Esperance". Type probably in Museum Geneva. Recorded from numerous South-West Mrican and Bechuanaland localities by Gebien, 1920 and Hesse. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.---{L, on map 1)-Aeneus is the only exception from the sharp zoogeographic division within the Somaticus. Belonging to the Western groups, but showing itself as typically Trans- Bechuanian, it ranges all over the Trans-Bechuanian zone (cf. map 1), from the Kaokoveld to the western part of Southern Rhodesia and Northern Transvaal; it also enters through the Northern Cape Province deeply into the Central Cape Province, but is absent from the Western and Southern Cape Province, Orange Free State, Southern Transvaal, Basutoland, Swaziland, Natal and Portu. East Africa. Aeneus is the most widely distributed of all Molurini, and is found on open grassy fiats, as well as in sand- and bushveld country during the whole year, but most frequently from March to September. LOCALITIEs.-Northern and Central Cape Province.-Districts of Kimberley (129), Kuruman (125), Vryburg (130), Hay (126), Prieska (104), Williston (102), Carnarvon (103), Fraserburg (44), Victoria West (46),- Richmond (49), Middelburg (53), Steynsburg (54), Cradock (58), Murrays- burg (47), Beaufort West (45), Willow more (29).-South-West Africa.- Districts of Liideritzbucht (2), Bethanie (3), Gideon (6), MaltahOhe (5), Rehoboth (8), Windhoek (11), Okahandja (12), Omaruru (14), Otjiwa- ron go (15), Grootfontein (17), Kaokoveld, Ovamboland and Kaukau- Kungveld.-Bechuanaland.-Gemsbok Pan, Ngaroi, Tsotsoroga Pan, Kuke Pan.-Western Southern Rhodesia.-Nyamandhlovu Distr. (3), Bulawayo Distr. (5).-Northern Transvaal.-Districts of Marico (9), Rustenburg (12), Waterberg (38), Potgietersrus (39), Zoutpansberg (44), Pieters burg (40). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 84 I. MOLURINI

c D E F

FIG. 87.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (s.str.) aeneus (Solier, 1843).-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=apicale, lateral view; D=penis, outer surface; E=penis, inner surface; F=penis, lateral view. Somaticus (Somaticus) welwitschi sp. nov. Closely related to aeneus. Body more elongate. Head together with eyes a trifle broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum flattened, strongly constricted anteriorly, subangularly dilated behind middle; with broad submarginal depression, which is densely covered by a fine, yellowish pilosity; with a large, smoothed, fenestrate patch on each side of midline at about middle of lateral portions. Elytra raised, with less dense, more regular, finer, but sharply raised, transverse to subreticulate ridges. Primary costa finer, abbreviated posteriorly, strongly narrowed towards top of apical declivity; dorsal costa much finer than primary costa, strongly zigzagged and anastomosing with the transverse ridges of intervals. Suture sharply carinate, resolved into fine granules on apical declivity. Lateral interval steeply oblique, in dorsal aspect much narrower than dorsal interval anteriorly, of similar width behind middle, with fewer transverse ridges, and with smooth, continuous lateral costula posteriorly. Apical declivity smooth. Apex bi-caudate. Pseudo- pleural margination practically simple, with the upper row more or less distinctly indicated by fine granules. Legs longer. AEDEAGus.-Similar to aeneus. Dorsal surface of apicale less distinctly depressed and edged along sides of median constriction, less coarsely punctured; apex prolonged, with the deep median division gaping apically. Penis gradually dilated pre-apically; outer surface with deep median sulcus; apex strongly curved, rounded and somewhat knob-like. DIMENSIONs.-Length 19 to 24 mm., width 7 to 9-1- mm., height 6 to 7tmm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 85 DISTRIBUTION .-South-Western Angola. LOCALITlES.-With the label "Angola 76-28", referring to the Huila District (cf. Koch, 1953g, p. 88) (1 ､ＧｾＬ＠ types in British Museum); ｍｯｾ｡ﾭ medes (F. Welwitsch, 1 ｾＬ＠ para type, B). REMARK.-This new species is the only known Somaticus from Angolan territory. Subgroup of stali (Haag) Lateral interval of elytra very steep, almost perpendicular, concealed basally. Aedeagus stout, apicale slightly constricted at middle; dorsal surface slightly depressed laterally, with fine and sparse punctures, concentrated only on apical portion; apex straight, sharply acuminate, with prolonged median division dorsally, occupying the distal half of apicale. Penis similar to welwitschi, gradually dilating pre-apically, with strongly curved, but pointed apex; outer surface with broad and deep median sulcus on distal portion,ending at short distance from apex. Somaticus (Somaticus) stali (Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynotus Stali Haag, pp. 4, 18.-1904 Peringuey, p. 297.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1920 Gebien, pp. 92, 97.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3651. v. • 1885 Clinocranion latemarginatum Peringuey, p. 115. Black; shiny, practically bare. Head above with dense punctures, longitudinally confluent and rugose on inter-ocular space. Eyes large, roundish, much longer than genae, in the d' considerably larger than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Supra-orbital edge weak and prolonged. Genal canthus in contact with antero-inferior portion of eyes. Pronotum about twice as broad as long, carinate peripherally, with the sides very strongly rounded and dilated at about middle, without distinct submarginal depression. Integument coarsely and rather densely punctured. Elytra distinctly broader than pronotum, on dorsal interval irregularly rugose or tuberculated, between rugosities with coarse but shallow punctures, on lateral interval smoothed, slightly uneven and sparsely punctured. Primary costa situated at about middle, denticulate posteriorly; dorsal costa obtuse, weakly indicated; suture obtusely raised. Lateral interval considerably narrower than dorsal one, with a strong median row of tubercles, distinctly marked on posterior half. Apical declivity sparsely tuberculate. Shoulders absent. Abdomen. with fine, scattered granules on proximal sternites, punctured on apical ones. Legs long. Tibiae reddish, with sparse bristles. In the d' the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae a little longer than in the ｾＮ＠ DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 to 171 mm., width 61 to 7-!- mm., height 5 to 6t mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Swakop". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION .-South-Western Damaraland. MATERIAL.-Apart from the holotypes of stali and latemarginatum, I . have seen only two further ｾｾＬ＠ one with the label "Damaraland, leg. Marloth" (Z) and the other with the obviously erroneous locality "Delagoa Bay" (S). The type locality of latemarginatum is said to be Rustenburg in the North-Western Transvaal, undoubtedly also an erroneous indication. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 86 I. MOLURINI

Al B c· ｆｾｇＮ＠ 88.-Aedeagus of Somalicus (s.str.) bisbicoslalus (Gebien, 1920).-A=apicale with enclosed penis, ventral surface; B=apicale with enclosed penis, dorsal surface; C=apicale with enclosed penis, lateral view. Somaticus (Somaticus) bisbicostatus (Gebien) v. • 1920 Trachynotus bisbicostalus Gebien, pp. 93, 96.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. no. 3652. Text-fig. 88. Closely related to stali. Head and pronotum dull; the former above densely punctured on occiput, longitudinally rugose on inter-ocular space. Eyes in the 6 much larger than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Pronotum of the same shape as in stali, but uniformly covered with an extremely dense and. rather coarse punctation. Elytra similar, but more strongly sculptured. Primary costa prolonged posteriorly; dorsal costa smooth, sharply carinate, almost as strongly raised as the primary costa; suture sharply carinate. Integument, including lateral interval, with strongly raised, transverse ridges. Lateral interval with sharp supplementary costula on Posterior half. Proximal sternites of abdomen with scattered, very fine granauls or punctures. In the 6 the apical brush on underside of anterior tibie eprolonged and extending to about middle of tibia. . AEoEAGus.-(text-fig. 88)-As in stal;, but a little shorter. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 17 to 18 mm., width 7 to 7i mm., height 5!- to 6mm. TYPE LOCALITIES.-"Trekkopje, Bahnstation zwischen Swakopmund und Usakos, April 1911, 1 6; Cape Cross, 1 ｾＢＮ＠ The holotype, preserved in the Museum Hamburg, was destroyed during World War II. I therefore designate the typical ｾ＠ from Cape Cross as neo-holotype (Museum Frey). No further records. DlsTRIBuTION.-South-Western Damaraland. MA TERIAL.-This species is very rare in collections and, apart from the neo-holotype, 1 know only one other ｾＬ＠ provided with an exact locality and coming from Okahandja (1907, K. Dinter, S). 266 and 3 n (T, S) without specified or unreliable indications of locality. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 87 c. Subgenus Ceromelaephus nov. 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head moderately hypognathous, with short and narrow lateral stripes, which are abbreviated at both ends. Eyes moderately large, only a little longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae slightly dilated apically, covered with fine pale hairs on proximal segments, with blackish, stiff and squarrose bristles on distal segments. Prothorax horizontal, with laterally exposed foraminal carina. Pronotum granulated, in a single case densely and longitudinally rugose and subgranular (wahlbergi); with strong, often angular dilation of sides; carinate peripherally, but the lateral carina sometimes absent anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin truncate. Apex of scutellum smoothed and bare. Elytra much broader than pronotum, with strongly developed shoulders, bare to setiferous, shiny to dull, smooth, tuberculated or granulated, with sharply carinate primary costa and sometimes slightly indicated dorsal costula. Lateral interval steep, broader than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination double. Apicale of aedeagus distinctly longer than basale, with the inflexed alae pre-apically dilated and covering ventral groove. Penis broad, with broadly rounded apex; inner groove with a longitudinal, sclerotized and pigmented plate in front of orifice. TYPE SPECIES.-Traehynotus badeni Haag. COMPOSITION.-Two sharply separated groups with four species, of which the strangulatus-group is mono typical. SYSTEMATIC POSITIoN.-Intermediate between the subgenera SomatiellS and Bechuanitis. In the dark pilosity on distal segments of antennae agreeing only with the two subgenera Trichotriehus and Trichotraehys. DISTRIBUTION.-(. on map).-Western.-Central, Northern and North-Western Cape Province, Great Namaqualand into Southern Damaraland.

cjl. baden i-group (cf. key of groups, p. 58, §5) Elytra shiny and bare, densely tuberculated to smoothed, with only a few granules between primary elements of sculpture. KEY TO SPECIES

1. Median dilation of sides of pronotum distinctly angular. 2 Median dilation of sides of pronotum rounded. . wahlbergi (Haag) (p. 89) 2. Elytra densely covered with sharply raised, transversely vermiculate tubercles; no dorsal costula. badeni (Haag) (p. 88) Elytra polished, except for declivo!ls sides of primary costa and submarginal depression, which are rugosely granulated; dorsal costula distinct, formed by a fine, raised row of almost continuous granules. seminitidus sp. nov. (p. 89) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 88 . I. MOLURINI

FIG. 89.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) badeni (Haag, 1873).-A=apicale dorsal surface; B= penis, outer surface.

B A

Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) badeni (Haag) .

v. • 1873 Trachynotus Badeni Haag, pp. 3, 10.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1920 Gebien, p. 92.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3656. v. • 1885 Trachynotus scrobiculatus Peringuey, p. 110. PI. XIV, fig. 2; text-fig. 89. Black; head and pronotum dull; bare. Head densely granulated on vertex. Eyes rather small, roundish, about as long as genae or a little shorter. Pronotum about twice as broad as long, uniformly and rather coarsely granulated. Lateral dilation strongly lobiform, rectangularly rounded, broadly depressed and situated behind middle. Lateral carina very fine, rudimentary anteriorly, absent posteriorly. Episternum of prosternum with dense, coarse and roundish granules, extending to lateral edge. Elytra irregularly, densely rugose to tuberculate, with a few granules between tubercles. Dorsal costula indicated by a few elongate tubercles. Suture finely carinate to tectiform. Lateral interval rather steep and oblique. Apical declivity slightly uneven, granulated. Shoulders oblique. Pseudopleura sharply granulated. Abdomen uniformly covered with dense and fine granules. Legs moderately long; the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae in both sexes reduced to a small, inconspicuous patch of brownish bristles. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 89)-Apicale slightly constricted at middle, with pointed but not acuminate apex; dorsal surface smooth, slightly flattened, with the sides of apical portion sulcate; the dilated inflexed alae on ventral surface in contact with one ｡ｮｯｾｨ･ｲ＠ in front of apex. Penis subparallel, with broadly rounded, only slightly narrowed, flattened apex; outer surface strongly tectiform, with a fine and canaliculate median carina, evanescent in front of apical portion; the sclerotized plate of ventral groove canaliculate along midline. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 89 DIMENSIONs.-Length 13 to 22 nun., width 6 to lOt mm., height 4 to 63:- nun. TYPE LoCALITY.-"Caffrarien". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Miinchen (!). No further records, except for the type localities of scrobiculatus Peringuey (Fraserburg and Prieska). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern, North-Western and Central Cape Province, as far south as the Cape Mountains, and extending into the southernmost part of Great Namaqualand (Orange River). From April to August. LocALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Districts of Gordonia (124): Upington (St); Riemvastmak, NW of Kakamas, Lower Bak River and Aughrabies Falls (S).-Hay (126): Niekerk's Hope (T).-Prieska (104).-Kenhardt (101): Kenhardt (S); Kakamas (T, S); Keimoes (S); Pella (T).-Little Namaqualand (100): Concordia (S); Port Nolloth (T).-Williston (102) (St).-Fraserburg (44) (S).-Laingsburg (19): Dikbome Koup (S).- Richmond (49) (S).-South-West Africa, Great Namaqualand.-Warm- bad Distr. (1): Verloor (T). Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) seminitidus sp. nov. PI. XIII, fig. 1. Closely related to badeni, but easily separable by the polished and smooth elytra. Head as in badeni, the whitish lateral stripes narrower but well-marked. Pronotum shaped and sculptured exactly as in badeni, with the dilation of sides stronger and more distinctly angular. Apical declivity of elytra punctured and granulated. The granulation on abdomen finer, changing to fine punctures on distal sternites. AEDEAGUs.-Broader than in badeni. Penis, on outer surface, with fine median canaliclllation distally; the sclerotized plate of ventral groove broad, polished and plane, without median canaliculation. DIMENSIONs.-Length 17 to 22 mm., width 7t to lOi nun., height 6t to 8 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Eastern Great Namaqualand and Northern Cape Province; partially sympatric with badeni. LOCALITlES.-South- West Africa, Great Namaqualand.-Keetmans- , hoop Distr. (4): Keetmanshoop (1 cr, holotype in Transvaal Museum; 1 ｾＬ＠ allotype in Museum Budapest).-Northern Cape Province.-Gordonia Distr. (124): Lower Bak River, VII. 1925 (K. H. Barnard, 1 paratype, S). A further paratype without specified locality (De Vylder, M. St.). Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) wahlhergl(Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynotus Wahlbergi Haag, pp. 4, 10.-1910 Gebien, p. 166.-1920 Gebien, pp. 93, 97.-1937b Gebien, p. 271, no. 3655. sensu latiore Closely related to badeni, but differentiated as follows: Head above densely and coarsely punctured; the lateral stripes usually very fine and often scarcely indicated. The dilation of sides of pronotum strong, but broadly rounded and not angular; lateral carina very fine, complete, distinct also behind median dilation. Granulation on episternum of Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 90 1. MOLURINI prosternum finer and scattered. Elytra with dense, sharply raised, vermiculate tuberculation also on lateral interval and there not or barely smoothed along middle; ·dorsal costula not indicated. Abdomen with very fine, scattered punctures, sometimes with very fine and flattened granules on proximal sternites. AEDEAGUs.-Practically identical with badeni. TYPE LoCALITy.-"Swakop". Single holotype in Museum Stockholm (!). Recorded by Gebien, 1920, from Ababis, Windhoek and Cape Cross. DISTRIBUTION.-Southern Damaraland and Western Great Namaqua- land. SUBSPECIES Disc of pronotum with fine, elongate, very dense, longitudinally confluent granulation, with the small intervals between granules appearing as if punctured. Elytra with strongly developed, almost rectangularly rounded shoulders; upper edge of' pseudopleural margination sharp. Lateral stripes on head weakly indicated to absent. wah/berg; wahlbergi (Haag) DIMENSloNs.-Length 16t to 20 mm., width 8 to lOt mm., height 5-1- to 6tmm. DlSTRIBUTlON.-South- West A/rica, Southern Damaraland.-Swakopmund Distr. (9) (M. St.); Windhoek Distr. (11): Windhoek (T, S, St, F).-Omaruru Distr. (14): Cape Cross (F).-Northern Great Namaqualand.-Rehoboth Distr. (8): Ababis (F). Disc of pronotum with regular, round, large and separated granules (as in badeni), with plane intervals between granules. Elytra with obliquely sloping shoulders; upper edge of pseudopleural margination thick and obtuse. Latelal stripes on head well-defined. wahlbergi ausensis ssp. nov DIMENSIONs.-Length 18t to 19 mm., width 8t to 9 mm., height 5-1- to 5tmm. . DlSTRIBUTlON.-South- West A/rica.-South-Western Great Namaqualand. -Liideritzbucht Distr. (2): Kubub, I11.-IV. 1904 (L. Schultze, I C!, holotype in South African Museum); Aus, 1950 (C. Koch & G. van Son, 1 C!, collected as cadaver, para type in Transvaal Museum). c/2. strangulatus-group (cf. key to groups, p. 58, §6) Elytra dull to sericeous, covered uniformly with fine, more or less distinctly setiferous granules. Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) strangulatus (Gebien) v. • 1920 Trachynotus strangdatus Gebien, pp. 9i, 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3679. sensu latiore Text-figs. 60 and 90. Black; dull, the elytra sometimes with slightly shiny cuticle. Head above densely granulated to rugosely reticulate but epistome punctured. Lateral stripes reduced, thin, of yellowish tint, extending backwards to about middle of eyes. Eyes large, roundish, longer than genae. Pro- notum a little more than one-and-a-half times to twice as broad as long, covered uniformly with coarse, round, sharp granules. Dilation of sides strong, lobiform, angular and depressed. Lateral carina fine, often Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 91

'D c A

FIG. 90.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) strangulatus arborarius SSp.DOV.- A=apicaJe, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface; D = penis, inner surface.

reduced or absent in front of or behind median dilation. Posterior angles obtuse to briefly rounded. Episternum of prosternum coarsely and densely granulated. Elytra covered uniformly with fine, sharp, scattered to dense granules, from which emerge barely noticeable' to rather long bristles. Primary costa approximated to suture; dorsal costula from slightly indicated to very fine, but distinct; discal portion of suture slightly tectiform to narrowly carinate. Lateral interval oblique, more or less steep, much broader than dorsal interval, without distinct supplementary costula. Shoulders well developed. Pseudopleura granulated. Abdomen densely and uniformly granulated. Legs moderately long. In the c! the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae larger than in the ｾＮ＠ AEDEAGUs.-Very similar to badeni, but slightly more slender. The apex of penis more prolonged; the sc1erotized plate on inner groove with feebly indicated median canaliculation. TYPE LOCALITy.-"Deutsch Siidwestafrika, ohne genauere Angabe." Type in Museum Frey, Miinchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Great Namaqualand. On sandy and grassy flats, in dry river beds, often in the shadow of isolated trees or sitting in cracks of bark of trees. From October to January, and also in May. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 92 1. MOLURlNI

SUBSPECIES 1. Granules on upper surface of body only microscopically setiferous; the bristles about the length of diameter of granules. 2 Granules on upper surface of body densely covered with readily seen, whitish yellow, somewhat scaly bristles, which are distinctly longer than diameter of granules. strangulatus strangulatus Gebien Body large and strongly convex. Lateral carina of pronotum distinct only around median dilation. Elytra with steep and strongly raised lateral interval; dorsal costula well developed, formed by a slightly raised row of granules; a rudimentary lateral costula on posterior half approximated to primary costa; cuticle as dull as on pronotum. DIMENSIONS.-According to Gebien: length 18t to 19 mm., width about 9 mm. MATERIAL.-I have examined only the holotype of this form, the exact locality of which is unknown. 2. Elytra and pro no tum very opaque. 3 Elytra with smoothed and slightly shiny cuticle, less opaque than pronotum. 4 3. Lateral carina of pro no tum complete. strangulatus patzelti ssp. nov. Body large and convex as in the typical form, but the upper surface with very short and inconspicuous bristles. Elytra similarly convex, also with steep and high lateral interval, but less densely granulated; dorsal costula weaker. DIMENSlONs.-Length 19:1 mm., width 9 to 9t mm., height 6 to 6tmm. D1STRIBUTION.-South- West A/rica, Eastern Great Namaqualand.- Gideon Distr. (6): Duineveld, N of Stamprietfontein, V. 1953 (E. Patzelt, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum).-Keetmanshoop Distr. (4): Keetmanshoop, V. 1948 (Univ. California-Trails. Mus. Exped., 1 ｾＬ＠ paratype M.C.A.). DEDlCATIoN.-Named in honour of Mr. E. Patzelt, Duineveld. Lateral carina of pro no tum rudimentary to absent behind median dilation. strangulatus rehobothensis ssp. nov. Body more slender and distinctly flattened. Elytra less strongly raised, with scattered and microscopically setiferous granules; dorsal costula well indicated. DIMENSIONs.-Length 16 to 19t mm., width 6t to 9 mm., height 5 to 5tmm. DISTRIBUTION.-South- West A/rica, Northern Great Namaqualand. -Rehoboth Distr. (8): Rehoboth, I. 1927 (Heske, 1 .J, ho10type in Transvaal Museum), XL-I. 1938 (H. W. Bell-Marley, 2.J.J, I

but with slightly shiny and smoothed cuticle. DIMENSIONs.-Length 17 to 21i mm., width 7 to 10 mm., height 4 to 6:l mm. DISTRIBUTION,-South-West A/rica, South-Western Great Namaqua- Jand.-Liideritzbucht Distr. (2): Reck VJagte, Arasab Mountains, btwn. Aus and Kubub, Witputs, V. 1953 (C. Koch & W. Graa/, about 40 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Liideritzbucht, V. 1952 (F. Eberlanz, T and Museum Liideritzbucht). Elytra with very dense granulation; the granules only a little less dense than on pronotum. strangulatus auobensis ssp. nov. Lateral carina of pronotum absent behind median dilation. DIMENSIONs.-Length 17 to 17t mm., width 7 to 8 mm., height 5 to St mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South- West A/rica, Eastern Great Namaqualand.- Gideon Distr. (6): Stamprietfontein, X. 1950 (C. Koch & G. van Son, 3 ｾｾＬ＠ holo- and paratypes in Transvaal Museum). ,d. Subgenus Bechuanitis nov.

1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head hypognathous to vertical, with or without lateral stripes. Eyes large, roundish, longer than broad, emarginated behind middle or at antero-inferior margin. Genae usually sharply separated from epistome, but in the cinctus-group often in line with the lateral margin of epistome. Antennae attenuate to slightly accrescent, more or less densely covered with whitish bristles. Pronotum completely carinate peripherally, of variable shape and sculpture, with truncate to emarginate anterior margin. Elytra dull, slightly to moderately broader than pronotum, with distinct, more or less rounded shoulders, covered with more or less setiferous granules, with sharply carinate to wiry fine primary costa and rarely distinct dorsal costula. Lateral interval from steep to flattened, about as broad as dorsal interval or broader, often with a more or less marked stripe of pale bristles along sides. Pseudopleural margination double, only in one case (hereroensis) is the upper edge obsolescent and formed by very fine and scattered granules.-Aedeagus variable according to groups. TYPE SPECIEs.-Trachynotus brucki Haag. COMPOSITlON.-Six species, sharply divided into three groups, of which the bohemani- and brucki-groups are monotypical, the latter strongly differentiated in the structure of aedeagus. SYSTEMATIC POslTloN.-Related to the strangulatus-group of subgenus Ceromelaephus, through the bohemani-group, and on the other hand with the subgenus Diacis, through the brucki-group. DISTRIBUTION.-O on map}-Trans-Bechuanian.-From the Kaoko- veld to Portu. East Mrica, in the South entering the Northern Cape Province. d/l. bohemani-group (cf. key of groups, p. 60, §ll) Head above with very large, whitish lateral stripes, extending from anterior margin to. occiput. Antennae subcylindrical, slightly attenuate, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 94 I. MOLURINI covered with dense, squarrose and pale bristles, which often conceal derm. Pronotum granulated, with strongly lobiform, sharply angular dilation of sides, and with truncate anterior margin. Apex of scutellum smoothed and bare. Elytra strongly convex, with the sharply carinate primary costa approximated to the plane suture; without supplementary costae; lateral interval oblique, distinctly broader than dorsal interval. without linear concentration of bristles along sides. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination obtuse and granulated, separated- from the lower carina posteriorly. The submarginal edge of pseudopleura with extremely fine, stridulatory micro-sculpture. Aedeagus strikingly small. Somaticus (Bechuanitis) hohemani (Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynotus Bohemani Haag, pp. 3, 11.-1886 Peringuey, pI. 3, fig. 5 (8). -1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1920 Gebien, pp. 92, 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3678. sensu latiore Pl. Y, fig. 1; PI. X, fig. 3; text-fig. 91. Black, sometimes the elytra with a broad stripe of brimstone-coloured, secretory pulverulescence along suture and sides; dull to slightly shiny; all parts of body with short bristles, which are often microscopically short on elytra. Head above with sparse, fine, setiferous punctures on vertex, more coarsely and densely punctured and with longer hairs on epistome. Eyes in the 6 larger 'than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Pronotum one-and-a-third times to twice as broad as long, with the round granules bearing whitish to yellowish bristles on median dilation. Posterior angles bluntly rectangular to slightly obtuse; sometimes a portion of prosternal episternum exposed and projecting from below to beyond lateral carina in front of posterior angles. Elytra elongate, with the fine granules becoming much coarser and denser towards sides. Shoulders obtuse to rectanguJarly rounded. Pseudopleura more or less distinctly granulated. The stridulatory micro-sculpture on submarginal edge composed of a more or less developed, extremely fine, densely and transversely rippled structure. Basal sternite densely, rugosely, longitudinally granular on disc, the intermediate sternites obsoletely wrinkled and sparsely punctured, the anal sternite with more concentrated punctation. Legs long; the inner lateral surface of intermediate and posterior femora with an obtuse, longitudinal edge along middle of proximal half, representing probably an active stridulatory structure. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 91)-Apicale slender, only as long as basale, narrowed strongly and in a straight line to the pointed apex; dorsal surface convex, smooth, with the median division confined to apical portion, gaping apically; ventral surface with broadly exposed groove. Penis thin, gradually narrowed towards apex, the latter obtusely pointed to narrowly rounded, barely curved; outer surface convex, with strong median sulcus on distal half, reaching the apex; inner surface grooved. TYPE LOCALITY.-"N'Gami, Swakop". Holotype from Ngami in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (1), paratype from Swakop in Museum Stockholm (1). Gebien 1920, reported this species from numerous Damaraland localities. DISTRIBUTloN.-Damaraland, Bechuanaland. (Apart from the holotype from Ngami, I do not know of any other material from Bechuana- land. The correctness of this locality ought to be confirmed). . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 95

FIG. 91.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Bechuanitis) bohemani bohemani (Haag, 1873).- A = apicale, dorsal surface; B= penis, outer surface.

SUBSPECIES

1. Granules on elytra ,with microscopically short bristles, which are barely distinguishable. Pilosity of antennae dense, concealing the background of cuticle at least on segments six to nine. 2 Granules on elytra with rather long, clearly indicated white bristles. Pilosity of antennae rather sparse, not concealing derm. hohemani gaerdesi ssp. nov.

In the size of eyes, shape of pronotum and the presence of shiny sutural and lateral areas on elytra agreeing with the typical bohemani, but in the very densely granulated sculpture of pronotum and prolonged upper edge of pseudopleural margination, similar to bohemani scherzi. Apart from the above-mentioned differential characters, also easily recognized by the conglomerated, coarse granulation on episternum of prosternum. The shiny areas on elytra are not covered by any secretory substances. DIMENSIONs.-Length 18t mm., width 7t mm., height 4-1- mm. DISTRIBUTlON.-South- West Africa, Eastern Damaraland.-Otjiwa- rongo Distr. (15): Waterberg, XII. 1936 (F. Gaerdes, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). DEDIcATIoN.-Named in honour of Mr. F. Gaerdes, Okahandja. 2. Elytra very dull, with the exception of sides and suture, which are distinctly smoothed, shiny and in fresh specimens covered densely with a fine, secretory pulverulescence of a pale brimstone colour. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination abbreviated posteriorly, extending a little beyond middle of elytra. hohemani hohemani (Haag) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 96 I. MOLURINI Eyes distinctly longer than genae. Pronotum less strongly convex, with less concentrated granulation; median dilation of sides strong, sharply acutangular, depressed to' slightly reflected. Episternum of prosternum rather strongly projecting beyond lateral carina posteriorly, with fine granules. Elytra slightly rounded laterally, with obliquely sloping shoulders. Median portion of each elytron of velvety opacity; the shiny lateral stripe basally dilated, bent inwards and almost reaching primary costa; shiny portions in fresh specimens covered with brimstone-coloured pulverulescence. In the a underside only of anterior tibiae with long apical brush. DIMENSloNs.-Length 18 to 23:1- mm., width 7 to 10 mm., height 5 to 7! mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South- West A/rica, Western Damaraland.-Karibib- Distr. (10): Erongo Mountains, btwn. Karibib and Erongo Mountains and farm Kaliombo, near Karibib (T}.-Walvis Bay (7) (S}.-Omaruru Distr. (14): Omaruru (S). Elytra uniformly and slightly shiny, without dull and alternate, shiny areas, and also, in fresh specimens, without secretory pulverulescence. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination prolonged, ending at a short distance from apex. bohemani scherzi ssp. nov.

Eyes barely longer than genae. Pronotum more convex disca11y, very densely covered with coarser granules, the diameter of which is larger than the intervals between granules; median dilation of sides less prominent, bluntly rectangular, less strongly depressed. Episternum of prosternum barely projecting beyond posterior portion of lateral carina, with concentrated and coarser granulation. Elytra subparallel in both sexes, with rectangularly rounded shoulders; cuticle uniformly and moderately shiny. In the a the underside of all tibiae with a short, fine apical stripe of pale hairs. DIMENSIONs.-Length 20t to 231- mm., width 8 to 9t mm., height st to 7:1- mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-West A/rica, Central-Southern Damaraland. -Windhoek Distr. (11): Windhoek, I. 1950 (E. Scherz, 1 a, K. Hart- mann, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum); farm Neudamm, 25 m. E of Windhoek, VII. 1937 (V. F. FitzSimons, 1 a, T). DEDlCATloN.-Named in honour of Dr. E. Scherz, Windhoek. c/2. cinctus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 60, § 14) Head above with fine to obsolescent lateral stripes. Eyes rather large, emarginated between middle and antero-inferior angle. Genae sharply to indistinctly separated from epistome. Antennae slightly accrescent, with more or less dense whitish pilosity. Pronotum dull, granulated, . rugose, punctured or smooth, with scattered bristles. Median dilation of sides strong but rounded. Anterior margin practically truncate. Elytra moderately broader than pro not urn, with rounded shoulders, covered with fine and setiferous granules; the latter obsoletely arranged in longitudinal rows, forming a more or less concentrated, broad and pale stripe along sides. Primary costa sharply carinate, approximated to suture; supplementary costulae absent or slightly indicated, in a single case (geniculatus pluricostatus) the dorsal costula carinate; suture tectiform to narrowly carinate. Lateral interval rather steep, distinctly broader than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination exceptionally simple in hereroensis; the upper edge separated from lower carina posteriorly. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 97 KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pro no tum broadest distinctly in front of or exactly at middle, with sharply granular sculpture. Head above with distinct lateral stripes; eyes not encircled by pale bristles. Apicale of aedeagus distinctly longer than basale, and with strongly acuminate apex. Inner groove of penis with sclerotized, pigmented, shiny, longitudinal plate distally; outer surface smooth, shiny, with fine median canaliculation. 1 Pronotum distinctly and strongly dilated behind middle, on disc from smoothed through punctured to rugose, but not sharply granular. Head above without distinct lateral stripes; eyes encircled by pale bristles. Apicale of aedeagus slightly shorter than basale, with obtusely pointed to rounded apex. Inner groove of penis simple, without sc1erotized distal plate; outer surface dull at least on sides of distal portion, with more or less extended, dense micro-sculpture, usually with rather broad and deep median sulcus. 3 2. Pronotum broadest distinctly in front of middle, with well- marked submarginal stripe on sides. Sides of elytra with broad, whitish to yellowish stripe, almost concealing the background of cuticle. Pseudopleural margination strongly double. cinctus (Haag) Pronotum broadest exactly at middle, sparsely covered with bristles, which are not concentrated on sides. Elytra with uniformly scattered bristles; the latter a little more concentrated on sides, but not forming a stripe. Pseudopleural margination almost simple, as the upper edge is formed by scattered and fine' granules. hereroensis sp. nov. 3. Pronotum on disc smooth to distinctly punctured, rarely with rugosely confluent punctation, but in this case the elytra with carinate dorsal costula. geniculatus (Haag) Pronotum on disc covered densely with coarse and shallow punctures, with the intervals between punctures more or less raised into fine and confluent rugosities. Elytra with carinate dorsal costula. rugulosicollis (Hesse)

Somaticus (Bechuanitis) cinctus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus cinctus Haag, pp. 5, 12.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1920 Gebien, pp. 93, 98.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3680. Text-fig. 92. Black, the elytra with a broad whitish to yellowish lateral stripe of bristles; dull; upper surface with pale bristles. Head densely rugose. Lateral stripes narrow, extending backwards almost to posterior margin of eyes. Eyes in the ({ larger than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Genae sharply separated from epistome. Pronotum about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, covered densely with sharp, round to transverse granules, reticulate on depressed submarginal portion of sides. Episternum of plosternum with dense, fine, lunulate and setiferous granules. Elytra uniformly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 98 1. MOLURINI

,/\ , ,, , , , : : ｾ＠ J \/

B c

B A A c 92 93 FIG. 92.-Aedeagus of Somatieus (Beehuanitis) cinetus {Haag, 1873).-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIG. 93.-Aedeagus of Somatieus (Beehuanitis) hereroensis sp.nov.-A = apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface; C=penis, inner surface.

covered with a fine, dense, double gr.:mulation, from which arise very short, irregular, darker yellowish, secondary bristles and longer, whitish yellow, primary bristles; the latter are arranged in fine, longitudinal rows. No supplementary costae; suture sharply carinate. Pseudopleura granulated and setiferous on inner half. Abdomen uniformly covered with fine, scattered, setiferous punctures. Legs strong. In the 3' the underside of all tibiae with apical brush, prolonged proximad on anterior and posterior tibiae. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 92}-Apicale with strongly acuminate apex; dorsal surface slightly constricted at middle, with the deep median division confined to apical portion; ventral surface with open groove. Penis almost subparallel, with obtusely pointed and strongly curved apex; outer surface with extremely fine, median canaliculation; inner groove with sclerotized plate on distal portion. . DlMENSloNs.-Length 12 to 16i rom., width 5 to 6 mm., height 3i to 4! mm. TYPE LOCALITy.-"Nolagi, Damaraland". Type in Museum Stock- holm (!). Recorded by Gebien, 1920, from the farm Okosingomingo on the Klein Waterberg (South- West Africa, Otjiwarongo Distr. [15]). DISTRIBUTION.-Southern and Eastern Damaraland. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 99 LOCALITIES.-South-West Africa.-Windhoek Distr. (11): surroundings of Windhoek (T).-Otjiwarongo Distr. (15): Otjosondu (M.B.). Several further specimens without specified locality (S). Somaticus (Bechuanitis) hereroensis sp. nov. Text-fig. 93. Related to cinctus. Head as in this species, but the lateral stripes thinner, inconspicuous, composed of scattered yellowish hairs. Antennae more slender and elongate. Pronotum more strongly transverse, more than two-thirds broader than long, with evenly and strongly dilated sides; granules fine, transverse, less sharply raised and changing towards sides to longitudinally confluent to reticulate rugosities. Base not truncate, but shallowly emarginated. Elytra only a little broader than pronotum, with finer and more scattered granules; secondary bristles very sparse, primary bristles numerous and distinctly arranged longitudinally along midline of both intervals. Dorsal costula indicated by a weak longitudinal convexity; suture with extremely fine carinula. In the 6 the underside of all tibiae with subtomentose distal stripe. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 93)-Dorsal surface of apicale rather strongly constricted at middle, with broader and deeper impression along sides of apical portion. Apex of penis broadly rounded, less curved, on outer surface with a deep and strong canaliculation; inner groove with sc1ero- tized plate distally. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14 mm., width 5t mm., height 3-!- mm. DISTRIBUTION .-North- Western Damaraland. LOCALITY.-South-West Africa.-Kaokoveld: 11 m. E of Omutati, VI. 1951 (P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck, I 6, holotype in coil. University Lund). Somaticus (Bechuanitis) geniculatus (Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynotus geniculatus Haag; pp. 6, 21.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1935 Hesse, p. 550.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3702. sensu latiore PI. XIV, fig. 3; text-fig. 94. Head above from almost smooth to coarsely and roughly punctured; anterior portion rather densely pilose. Eyes large, roundish, emarginated above antero-inferior angle. Genae less sharply separated from epistome, with the outlines often almost continuous with those of epistome. Antennae distinctly dilated apically. Pronotum strongly transverse, broadest well behind middle, one-and-two-thirds times to a little more than twice as broad as long, with the sides often more or less distinctly emarginated in front of posterior angles. Integument, as on head, very opaque, smoothed, with more or less distinct, scattered, somewhat granular punctures; or densely and coarsely punctured, or rugose; the pale bristles are absent from a longitudinal patch at midline and a smaller patch on each side of middle on anterior portion. Posterior angles more or less strongly depressed, obtuse, often leaving exposed the foraminal carina. Elytra dull, with rounded shoulders, covered with fine, scattered granules and rather dense bristles, leaving bare the suture and a median stripe on both intervals; bristles often more concentrated along sides. Supplementary costulae from absent to carinate; suture carinate. 8 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 100 1. MOLURINI

f I I

B c B A 95 94

FIG. 94.-Aedeagus of Somatieus (Beehuanitis) geniculatus geniculatus {Haag, 1873).-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIG. 95.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Beehuanitis) rugulosieollis (Hesse, 1935).- A = apicale, dorsal surface; B= penis, outer surface.

AEDEAGUS.-Apicale almost straightly narrowed from base to apex, withouj: distinct median constriction; apex dorsally with strong and often gaping median division. Penis slightly dilated pre-apically, with obtusely pointed to rounded apex. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Diamond Fields" (Kimberley). Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). Recorded by Hesse from the same locality. DrsTRIBuTION AND HABlTAT.-Widely spread over the whole of the Trans-Bechuanian zone, from Northern Ovamboland to Portu. East Africa and in the Northern Cape Province. On open sandy, grassy and bushy fiats, and pans; from April to August. SUBsPEcrES 1. Dorsal costula· on elytra absent or indicated by a more or less distinct, fine row of granules. 2 Dorsal costula on elytra fine, but sharply carinate. geniculatus pluricostatus ssp. n. A well-defined and isolated subspecies. In shape of body similar to typical geniculatus, but the bristles on upper surface denser and usually darker. Head and pronotum with subrugose sculpture. Also the lateral costula on elytra developed to carinate posteriorly. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 101

AEDEAGus.-Very similar to rugulosicollis, but the apex of penis more attenuate and the outer surface with more expanded micro-sculpture. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14i to 17 mm., width 7 to 7i mm., height 5 to 5i mm. DISTRIBUTIoN.-Western part 0/ Southern Rhodesia.-Bulawayo Distr. (5): Bulawayo, V. 1913 (G. Babault, 2 &&, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Miinchen}.-Nyamandhlovu Distr. (3): Silver- stream, VI. 1929 (R. H. R. Stevenson, I paratype in Transvaal Museum).

2. - Tibiae black to dark brown. Head and pronotum with distinct to coarse punctures. Elytra with sharp granules. geniculatus hessei ssp. nov.

(v. 1935 Trachynotus geniculatus var., Hesse, p. 550, fig. 6 ['-...II.) A complex of minor geographic forms. Rather well separated from geniculatus geniculatus, but closely resembling rugulosicollis in Southern Rhodesia. Vestiture on elytra varying from greyish white and pale yellowish to very testaceous colour. Specimens from the central part of Southern Rhodesia are usually stouter, exhibiting a more convex body, strongly raised elytra, shorter appendages and a broader pronotum, which is more strongly dilated behind middle and often sinuate in front of posterior angles. AEDEAGus.-Penis with narrow, better demarcated, obtusely pointed apex; the distal portion of outer surface less densely micro-sculptured, less dull and with rather broad median sulcus. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12t to 18 mm., width 5t to 9t mm., height 4t to 6i mm. DISTRIBUTIoN.-Northern Transvaal.-Zoutpansberg Distr. (44): Zoutpan, IV. 1950 (G. van Son, 29 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Brak River (S); Mara (A}.-Southern, central and eastern parts 0/ Southern Rhodesia.-Gwanda Distr. (1): West Nicholson (L).-Salis- bury Distr. (27): Salisbury (S, T}.-Umtali Distr. (16): Umtali (T).- Melsetter Distr. (20): Junction Lundi and Sabi Rivers (T}.-South- western part 0/ Portu. East A/rica.-Gazaland, Alto Limpopo Distr. (18): Mapai, Chicualacuala and Massangena (F}.-Central Bechuana- land: Kuke Pan and Maun (T}.-Northern Ovamboland (S). DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Dr. A. J. Hesse, South African Museum. Tibiae entirely, or at least on proximal portion, reddish. Head and pronotum with smoothed sculpture and obsolescent punctures. Elytra with very fine granules. geniculatus geniculatus (Haag)

A sharply defined subspecies. Bristles on elytra mostly of a yellowish tint. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 94}-Penis with broadly rounded apex; distal portion of outer surface opaque, very densely micro-sculptured, and with fine median sulcus. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14t to 17 mm., width 5t to 7i mm., height 4i to 6i mm. . DISTRlBUTION.-Northern Cape Province.-Kimberley Distr. (129) (S, T, K}.-Kuruman Distr. (125): Kuruman (T); Kuruman River (T}.-Central and Western Transvaal.-Districts of Pretoria (17): Pienaars River (T).-Potgietersrus (39): Moorddrift and Zebediela (T). -Pietersburg (40): (T).-Waterberg (38): Junction Marico and Limpopo Rivers (S). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher the under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 102 L MOLURINI

Somatic us (Bechuanitis) rugulosicollis (Hesse) v. • 1935 Trachynotus rugulosicollis Hesse, p. 554.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3703. Text-fig. 95. Very closely related to geniculatus. Head broader, on vertex with dense, coarse, round punctures. Antennae stouter. Pronotum broader, less convex, covered densely with raised, subgranular and confluent rugosities, changing to a reticulate sculpture on depressed submarginal portion. Elytra with cqarser, sharper granules and whitish to pale yellowish bristles; dorsal costula absent or indicated by a fine row of granules. Abdomen densely and subrugosely punctured. In the 6 only the anterior tibiae with distinct apical brush. AEDEAGus.-Dorsal surface of apicale dull only laterally; median division strong and gaping. Apex of penis prolonged, narrow, but broadly rounded apically; outer surface with broad median sulcus. . DlMENSloNs.-Length 15 to 18 mm., width 7 to 9 mm., height 5! to 6!mm. TYPE LOCALlTY.-"Tsotsoroga Pan". Type in Transvaal Museum (!). DISTRIBUTION.-North-Eastern Bechuanaland: Tsotsoroga Pan, VI.-VII. (T, S).-South-Western part of Southern Rhodesia: surroundings of Victoria Falls, V. 1913 (G. Babault, 3 66, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ of which I designate the 6 allotype, in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Mlinchen). d/3. brucki-group (cf. key of groups, p. 60, §12) Head vertical, without lateral stripes. Eyes very large, almost round, much longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae slightly accrescent; apical segment considerably longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum sericeous to dull, rarely shiny, from smooth to rugosely punctured and subgranular, with more or less dense, sometimes stripe-like concentration of bristles along sides. Sides evenly rounded and dilated. Anterior margin emarginated to bi-sinuate. Scutellum with a tuft of fine hairs apically. Elytra dull, strongly flattened, attenuate apically, only slightly broader than pronotum, with more or less rounded shoulders; integument with extremely fine, setiferous granules, with the bristles concentrated and often forming bi-coloured stripes on sides. Primary costa very fine, not prominent, but carinate, situated at about middle; no supplementary costae; suture plane. Lateral interval low, convex, about as broad as dorsal interval; in caudal view forming continuously arcuate upper contours together with dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate; carinae coalescent apically. Underside of body densely pilose, except for outer half of pseudopleura. Legs very long. Aedeagus peculiar and differentiated from all the other Somaticus. Somat;cus (Bechuanitis) hrucki (Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynotus Brucki Haag, pp. 4, 13.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-19io Gebien, p. n.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3687. v. • 1935 Trachynotus kalaharicus Hesse, p. 551, fig. 8 (,---,).-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3687.--(syn. nov.). sensu latiore PI. X, fig. 4; text-figs. 75, 83 and 96. Black, with cyaneous sheen; upper surface sericeous, underside shiny; partially, the underside entirely covered with whitish' and brownish to Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway 1. Somaticus 103

B c A FIG. 96.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Bechuanitis) brucki power; (Hesse, 1935).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=apicale, dorsa-lateral view. golden hairs. Head above shiny, with round, more or less dense punctures, and rather dense, whitish hairs on anterior portion and around eyes. Eyes several times longer than genae, in the d' much larger than in the

on apical portion; inner groove open only on spoon-shaped apical portion, for the rest almost covered by the tubiform inflexed alae. TYPE LOCALITY.-"N'Gami". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-From Ovamboland via Bechuanaland to the Northern Cape Province. On open sandy flats and pans; from April to July. SUBSPECIES 1. Pronotum dull, with shallow punctures, or smooth; the intervals between punctures often small, slightly rugose, but not granular. Elytra with bi-coloured bristles; the latter of a golden tint along suture and on midline of both intervals, and of a greyish white colour on submarginal depression of sides. 2 Pronotum shiny, with extremely dense, coarse and subrugose punctation, with the intervals between punctures sharply raised and forming granular, confiuent, transverse rugosities. Elytra covered with irregular and scattered bristles of a whitish colour, concentrated on sides. hrucki ovamhoanus ssp. nov. Slightly broader than brucki brucki, more convex and more coarsely sculptured. Head above with coarse, dense punctures. Antennae . slender and more elongate than in the other subspecies. Pronotum with feebly bi-sinuate anterior margin; submarginal depression with a stripe of rather scattered hairs. Elytra with very broadly rounded shoulders; the bristles along sides scattered and not forming a distinct stripe; derm with roundish patches of secretory substance. . DrMENsloNs.-Length 13!- mm., width 6;} mm., height 4 mm. DrsTRIBUTloN.-Ovamboland: Oshikango, VII. 1948 (Univ. Cali/ornia- Transv. Mus. Exped., 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). 2. Disc of pronotum with rather coarse, conspicuous, dense punctures. Submarginal vestiture on pronotum and elytra dense, striped, of a purely white tint and almost concealing cuticle of background. hrucki hrucki (Haag) DrMENsIONs.-Length 14 to 15 mm., width 5 to 6 mm., height 3i to 5tmm. DrSTRIBUTION.-Northern Bechuanaland.-Of this form I have seen only the holotype of brucki from Ngami and the typical material of kalaharicus from Damara Pan (T, S). The holotypes of both species are identical. Disc of pronotum smoothed, with only very fine, barely discernible, shallow, sparse punctures. Submarginal vestiture on pronotum and elytra less dense, not concealing derm and of a more yellowish tint. hrucki poweri (Hesse) (v. • 1935 Trachynotus kalaharicus var. Poweri Hesse, p. 554.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3687a.) More slender than the typical brucki and with reduced sculpture. Shoulders much less rounded, almost absent. Primary costa on elytra very little raised, with extremely fine crest. Underside of body less densely pilose. Aedeagus identical with brucki brucki. DrMENsloNs.-Length 12!- to 15 mm., width 4!- to 5!- mm., height 3t to 4!- mm. TYPE LocALlTY.-"Kimberley". Type in South African Museum (!). DrSTRIBUTION.-Northern Cape Province: Kimberley Distr. (129) (S).-Kuruman Distr. (125): Kuruman River (T, M.e.A.). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 105 e. Subgenus Diacis nov. (cf. key of groups, p. 60, §13) 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head, together with eyes, a trifle broader than anterior margin of pronotum, vertical, without lateral stripes, but with pale bristles encircling eyes. Eyes very large, roundish, much longer than broad, emarginated at antero-inferior margin. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae very slightly accrescent, with pale pilosity. Pro- notum dull, rugose to granulated, slender, broadest behind middle, rounded laterally, carinate peripherally, and with a broad stripe of pale bristles on sides, running straightly from anterior to posterior angles. Anterior margin practically truncate, sometimes with slightly produced middle section, but not with produced anterior angles. Apex of scutellum bare or with a few short setae. Elytra strongly flattened, shoulderless, slender, covered with scattered to very dense and subrugose granules, microscopically to distinctly setiferous. Derm, in fresh specimens, concealed by a peculiar, dense layer of a waxy secretory substance, forming whitish longitudinal stripes or bi-coloured patches and imitating the hairy designs in many of the other Somaticus. Primary costa sharply carinate, approximated to sides; no supplementary costae; suture plane. Lateral interval distinctly narrower than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate. Underside of body densely covered by a whitish pilosity, except for pseudopleura arid sides of episternum of prosternum. Legs long; tibial calcaria and claws elongate. Aedeagus spoon-shaped. TYPE SPECIEs.-Trachynotus regalis Haag. COMPOSITION.-With only a group of three closely allied and allopatric species. . SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Related to the brucki-group of subgenus Bechuanitis. Differentiated from all the other Molurini by the straight lateral stripe on pronotum, connecting the anterior angles with posterior Ol1es, as well as by the presence of an elytral design, formed by a waxy secretory layer instead of hairs or bristles. , DISTRIBUTION.-( ( on map l)-Trans-Bechuanian.-From Ovambo- land and Damaraland through Bechuanaland to the western part of Southern Rhodesia; in the South penetrating deeply into the Northern and West-Central Cape Province, and Great Namaqualand. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Disc of pronotum with round granules or irregularly confluent, sharp rugosities. Elytra densely to rugosely granulated, microscopically setiferous, usually with whitish .stripes of waxy secretory substance. Disc of pronotum with a dense and sharp reticulation around the shallow, setiferous punctures. Elytra covered uniformly with rather scattered, fine granules, from which arise short, but readily noticeable pale bristles; cuticle with a continuous layer of secretory substance, forming irregular patches of a smoky brown tint along suture and primary costa, as well as obsolescent stripes of a greyish white tint along midline of both intervals. distinctus (peringuey) (p. 108) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 106 1. MOLURINI

2. Pronotum with round and distinctly separated granules. Granules on elytra fine, separated, leaving exposed a smooth median stripe on both intervals, filled with whitish secretory substance; intervening spaces between granules plane. regalis (Haag) (p. 106) Pronotum with very dense, irregularly confluent rugosities, which become granular only on middle of disc and submarginal portion of sides. Granules on elytra very dense, transversely confluent and rugose, covering the entire elytra, intermixed with obsolescent punctures, the elytra therefore without smooth median stripes on intervals; intervening spaces between granules uneven. angustus (Peringuey) (p. 107)

Somaticus (Diacis) rega/is (Haag)

v. • 1875 Trachynotus regalis Haag, p. 82.-1886 Peringuey, pI. 3, fig. 4 (8).-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 93.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3689. PI. XII, fig. 1; text-fig. 97. Black, except for the hairy design on pronotum and the waxy stripes on elytra. Head on vertex covered densely with coarse punctures, the intervals between which are rugosely raised. Eyes in the 6 larger than in the ｾＬ＠ longer than breadth of inter-ocular space. Pronotum slender, one-and-a-third to one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with evenly and moderately rounded sides, which are slightly sinuate in front of posterior angles. Sides without submarginal depression. Episternum of prosternum very densely and coarsely granulated, with dense pilosity. Elytra slightly to moderately broader than pronotum. The two white waxy stripes coalescent in front of apex of each elytron. Lateral interval oblique, dorsal interval feebly convex. Scutellum uniformly granular, with a few pale bristles on apex. Shoulders only slightly indicated. Pseudopleura with fine granules. Abdomen very densely punctured. Legs long, covered by whitish bristles, the tibiae also with black and squarrose spines. In the 6 the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae very small and inconspicuous. . AEDEAGus.--(text-fig. 97)-Apicale about as long as basale, subparallel on proximal two-thirds, strongly dilated and spoon-shaped on apical third, with a more or less strongly prolonged and acuminate apex; dorsal surface convex, moderately shiny, coarsely punctured on apical portion, with deep median division which is prolonged and becomes fine on distal half; ventral surface with dilated inflexed alae. Penis thin, subparallel; apex very slightly curved, broadly rounded and somewhat knob-like apically; outer surface plane and not canaliculate; inner surface with open groove. DIMENSloNs.-Length 14t to 171- mm., width 5 to 61- mm., height 3* to 5 mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Neu-Barmen in Damaraland" (= Otjimbimbe, South- West Africa, Karibib Distr. [10)). Type in Zoolog. Staats-Samm- lung, Miinchen (!). No further records. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 107

, I

B c 98 97 FIG. 97.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Diads) regalis (Haag, 1875).-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIG. 98.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Diads) distinctus (Peringuey, 1892).-Apicale, dorsal surface.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Damaraland, Great Namaqualand and Northern Cape Province. From May to August. LOCALITIEs.-Northern Cape Province.-Hay Distr. (126): Niekerk's Hope (T).-Gordonia Distr. (124): btwn. Abeam and Upington, and Molopo River, near Witdraai (T).-South- West Africa, Great Namaqua- land.-Gideon Distr. (6): Stamprietfontein and Duineveld, N of Stamp- rietfontein (T). ' Somaticus (Diacis) angustus (peringuey) v. • 1886 Trachynotus angustus Peringuey, p. 125.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3691. There are practically no differences between this species and regalis other than those mentioned in the key. Apart from. the strongly curved apex of penis the aedeagus also is almost identical. I would consider it a geographic subspecies of regalis, if more data had been available as to its distribution and variability. But the single holotype is a torso without head and prothorax, and another specimen from the collection of the Stellenbosch University is stated as coming from Paarl, a locality which appears rather doubtful. Both specimens exhibit rugosely uneven, uniformly granulated elytra, without any indication of the smoothed median stripes on intervals, as shown in regalis. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under licence granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway lOS I. MOLURINI DIMENSIONS.-Length 14 to 16t mm., width 4 to 6i mm., height 5 t6 5* mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Van Wyk's Vlei, Carnarvon Distr." (Cape Province, 103). Type in South African Museum (!). No further records.

Somaticus (Diacis) distinctus (Peringuey)

v. • 1892 Trachyno/us dis/inc/us Peringuey, p. 54.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-v. 1935 Hesse, p. 550, fig. 7 (v).-1920 Gebien, p. 93.-1937b Gebien, p. 274,.no. 3690. Pl. XI, fig. 1; text-fig. 9S. Closely related to regalis. Head on vertex covered very densely with a fine, sharply raised, uniform reticulation, enclosing shallow punctures; bristles shorter and somewhat scaly. Pronotum sculptured as on head, more slender, from about as long as broad to one-and-a-third times as broad as long, broadest more distinctly behind middle, with stronger, sometimes slightly subangular dilation of sides. Elytra shoulderless, with the costal arrangement as in regalis, covered uniformly with much finer, distinctly setiferous granules. The pattern of the bi-colorous waxy design varies practically from specimen to specimen; usually the whitish colour prevails on the lateral interval, while the brownish colour is confined more to the dorsal interval, there continuous or resolved into. irregular patches or interrupted .by a fine, obsolescent, whitish median line. AEDEAGUs.-{text-fig. 9S)-Apex of apicale obtusely pointed, not distinctly acuminate. Penis with strongly curved apex and fine median sulcus on outer surface. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 13 to 17 mm., width 4* to 6t mm., height 3t to 6t mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Northern Ovamboland". Type in South African Museum (!). Recorded by Hesse from the undermentioned Bechuana- land localities. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern Ovamboland, Bechuanaland and western part of Southern Rhodesia. On pans and in dry river beds; from March to May. LOCALITIEs.-Bechuanaland: Ngami (M. St.); Damara Pan, Gemsbok Pan and Kuke Pan (T).-Southern Rhodesia: Bulawayo Distr. (5) (S).

Somaticus (Diacis) distinctus (Peringuey)

f. Subgenus Trichotrichus nov. (cf. key of groups, p. 5S, §3) 1871 Trachyno/us (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien. p. 163.-1937b Gebien. p. 271. DIAGNOSIs.-Upper surface of body with dense, long and erect hairs. Head sloping, without lateral stripes. Eyes small, reniform, broader than long, emarginated behind middle. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae stout, slightly dilated apically, covered with stiff and squarrose black bristles. Pronotum transverse, more or less strongly convex, carinate peripherally, but the lateral carina crenulate to serrate- denticulate, rounded laterally, with scattered granular punctures or large, round granules. Anterior margin shallowly emarginated. Apex of scutellum smooth and shiny. Elytra short, rounded, shiny, rarely dull, much broader than pronotum, strongly convex, granulated, with sharply Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 109 carinate primary costa and variably developed to carinate supplementary costae. Submarginal depression broad. Lateral interval broader than dorsal interval. Shoulders strongly developed, often almost rectangular. pseudopleural margination double, with both edges crenulate to serrate- denticulate. TYPE SPECIES.-Trachynotus crinitus Haag. COMPOSITION.-A single group with three closely related but readily separable species. SYSTEMATIC PosITION.-A peculiar subgenus, which does not show a direct relationship to any of the other subgenera of Somaticus. The black bristles on antennae, in association with the short and broad body, recall the eastern subgenus Trichotrachys, but the double pseudopleural margination of elytra is an exclusive character of the western subgenera. Ainong all the other Somaticus, the Trichotrichus are strikingly characterized by the long pilosity on upper surface of body and the crenulate to serrate-denticulate lateral margination of pronotum and elytra. DISTRIBUTION.-(* on map)-Western.-South-Western, South and East-Central Cape Province. u KEY TO SPECIES 1. Each elytron with at most two costae; the primary costa always sharply carinate, the dorsal costula from carinate to reduced, rarely absent. 2 Each elytron with three sharply carinate costae, of which the dorsal and lateral costae are barely less raised than the primary costa. cr;n;tus (Haag) (p. 109) 2. Vertex and pronotum with extremely dense, lanuginose, long, yellowish brown hairs, almost concealing derm. Elytra with double pilosity, composed of yellowish, short, depressed secondary hairs and the usual, very long, erect, reddish-brown primary hairs. serratus (Peringuey) (p. 112) Head and pronotum with scattered, long hairs, leaving derm exposed. Elytra with only the usual, long and erect primary hairs, without secondary pilosity. kraatz; (Haag) (p. 110)

Somat;cus (Tr;chotrichus) crinitus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus crinitus Haag, pp. 5, 32.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 274. no. 3692. Black; anterior body dull, elytra strongly shiny; the long hairs on upper surface pale. Head with fine, confluent, rather scattered rugosities. Eyes slightly shorter than genae. Pronotum moderately convex, depressed laterally, broadest a little in front of middle, more than twice as broad as long, with strongly rounded and dilated sides. Integument with transverse to lunulate, fine rugosities, representing the upwardly bent anterior margin of shallow and rudimentary punctures. Lateral Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 110 I. MOLURINI

B c D FIG. 99.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrichus) kraatzi kraatzi (Haag, 1873).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicaie, ventral surface; C=penis, inner surface; D=penis, outer surface.

carina minutely serrate. Posterior angles obtuse. Episternum of prosternum with large, roundish, shiny granules. Elytra broad, sparsely granulated, with uneven cuticle and three sharply carinate costae, of which the supplementary ones are abbreviated at both ends. Submarginal depression broad. Lateral interval steeply oblique, considerably broader than dorsal interval. Suture sharply carinate discally. Apical declivity smooth. Shoulders rectangularly rounded. Both edges of pseudopleural margination serrate-denticulate. Pseudopleura with fine and sparse granules. Abdomen coarsely granulated on proxirnal sternites, smoothed on distal sternites. . DIMENSloNs.-Length 191 mm., width 9t mm., height 6 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". The single 3 holotype in Zoolog. Staats- Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further material of this species is known.

Somat;cus (Tricllotr;cllus) kraatzi (Haag)

v. >10 1873 Trachynotus Kraatzi Haag, pp. 5, 33.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3694. sensu latiore

PI. XIV, fig. 4; text-fig. 99. Closely related to crinitus, but distinguished by the absence of the lateral costa on elytra. Geographically very variable in sculpture, colour of vestiture and convexity of body. AEDEAGus.-Apicale a little shorter than basale, narrowed strongly and in almost a straight line from base to apex; the latter short, more or less strongly constricted, obtuse, not demarcated; dorsal surface with strong and rather long, median division; ventral surface with very broad Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 111 o en groove. Penis robust, subparallel, with ovally dilated apical por- ｴｩｾｮ＠ and strongly curved, very sharply pointed apex; outer surface broadly sulcate on distal portion; inner ｳｵｾｦ｡｣･＠ grooved, with the infiexed alae approximated to each other pre-apIcally.

SUBSPECIES

1. Erect hairs on elytra of a blackish tint; lateral interval separated from submarginal depression by a longitudinal area of coarse punctures. 2 Erect hairs on elytra of a pale reddish brown tint; lateral interval uniformly granulated,' without coarse punctures along submarginal depression on outer portion. kraatz; fulvoh;rtus ssp. nov.

Pronotum strongly convex, with steeply declivous lateral portions and narrow submarginal canaliculation, covered with scattered, large, round granules. Elytra shiny, with strongly raised, steep lateral interval; dorsal costula obtuse, abbreviated posteriorly. Granulation on abdomen very dense, abraded and transversely confluent. Aedeagus similar to typical kraatzi, but apicale stout, with rather widely gaping extreme apices. DIMENSIONs.-Length 13 to 17t mm., width 6t to lOt mm., height 4t to 7 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Central Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willow more, XII. and I. (H. Brauns, 24 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). 2. Elytra dull, flattened, with less steep lateral interval, and (in caudal view) with the upper contours forming a strongly arcuate, continuous line; dorsal costula as strongly raised as primary costa, complete and ending abruptly on top of apical declivity; lower carina of pseudopleural margination sharply serrate-denticulate. Pronotum with dense, reticulate rugosities and subgranular punctures; lateral carina strongly crenulate to serrate. kraatz; kraatz; (Haag)

Erect hairs on upper surface of body almost black. Head and pronotum with rather dense, transverse to lunulate, granular rugosities. Pronotum moderately convex, with rotundate lateral portions and narrow submarginal depression. Abdomen coarsely and sharply granulated. DIMENSIONs.-Length 11t to 15 mm., width 61: to 9 mm., height 4 to 5t mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Holotype in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Miin- chen (!). DISTRIBUTION.-South-Western Cape Province.-Calvinia Distr. (41): Loerisfontein. IX. 1891 (G. Alston, 2 spec., S). I have also examined a long series of cotypes (Z, T). Elytra shiny, strongly convex, with obliquely declivous lateral interval, and (in caudal view) with the upper contours straightly raised and meeting angularly the horizontally straight contours of disc; dorsal costula obtuse, less raised than primary costa, abbreviated, more or less evanescent in front of apical declivity; lower carina of pseudopleural margination crenulate. Pro- notum with smooth background, covered with sparse, sharply Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 112 I. MOLURINI raised, round granules of two sizes, larger and smaller; lateral carina feebly crenulate, practically smooth. kraatzi orientalis ssp. nov.

Agreeing with typical kraatzi in the blackish erect hairs on upper surface and the punctured outer area of lateral interval of elytra. Head granulated. Pronotum strongly convex, with rather steep, oblique lateral portions, without submarginal depression; lateral carina faintly crenulate; the scattered granules more distinctly concentrated on middle of disc. Abdomen with denser and finer granules. DIMENSIONs.-Length 13 to 14t rom., width 8 to 8t mm., height 4i to 5t mm. DISTRIBUTION.-East-Central Cape Province.-Steynsburg Distr. (54): Steynsburg, IX. 1938 (3 5f'5f', holotype in Transvaal Museum, paratypes id. and in colI. Steflenbosch University). Somaticus (Trichotrichus) serratus (peringuey)

v. • 1885 Trachynotus serratus P6ringuey, p. 112.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3693. PI. IV, fig. 17. Head with transverse rugosities beneath the dense pilosity. Pronotum about twice as broad as long, strongly dilated a little in front of middle, moderately convex, with distinct submarginal depression. Integument covered rather densely with acuductate to granular, more or less transverse punctures, from which emerge short, depressed, yellowish, secondary bristles; the latter usually concealed by the extremely dense, erect primary hairs. Lateral carina minutely serrate. Episternum of prosternum covered densely with fine, setiferous granules. Elytra flattened, broadly rounded, with prominent shoulders, rather densely covered with a duplicate granulation, bearing short, depressed to semi-erect pale bristles, especially on apical declivity. Primary costa sharply carinate; dorsal costula finer and distinctly granular, but only a little less carinate, and raised than primary costa; suture sharply carinate on disc. Lateral interval more or less distinctly flattened, only slightly broader than dorsal interval, without supplementary costa, uniformly granulated and not distinctly punctured on outer half. Submarginal depression broad, smoothed. Both edges of pseudopleural margination sharply serrate-denticulate. Abdomen with very dense, fine, partially and transversely confluent granulation. AEDEAGUs.-Very similar to kraatzi, but the dorsal surface of apicale rather coarsely and densely punctured. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12t to 15t mm., width 7t to 9t mm., height 4t to 5t mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Touwsriver". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Southern part of the South- Western Cape Province.- Worcester Distr. (10): Touwsriver (in addition to many specimens of the typical series, another specimen has been collected recently by Mr. B. W. Zenzinger in May 1952). g. Subgenus Trachyderes nov. 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head moderately hypognathous to vertical, with thin lateral stripes, or the latter are absent. Eyes large to rather small, but Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 1. Somaticus 113 always longer than broad, emarginated well behind middle. Genae usually separated sharply from epistome, but sometimes badly demarcated. Antennae with pale. pilosity, ｾ｡ｴｨ･ｲ＠ short ｴｾ＠ elongate, more or less, often strongly dilated apIcally; apIcal segment In most cases prolonged and longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum of variable shape, but characterized by an extremely dense, fine, granular micro-sculpture, rarely also with scattered and shallow primary punctures on disc. Vesti- ture from absent to dense, in'the latter case double and composed of adherent secondary and erect primary bristles (pygmaeus-group). The peripheral margination usually complete, sometimes either the anterior and basal carinae obsolescent or the lateral carina rudimentary to evanescent in front of or behind median dilation. Sides rounded. Anterior margin emarginated or bi-simiate, sometimes sub truncate, rarely feebly arcuate. Elytra very variable in the composition of costal arrangement, with or without carinate primary costa, sometimes with both the primary and dorsal costae sharply carinate. Integument densely micro-granulated, in one case between granules tuberculated (haagi-group) , with sparse to dense vestiture. Lateral interval from flattened to almost vertical, when both the primary and dorsal costae are carinate. Pseudopleural margination exposed dorsally, except in the barnardi-group, in which it is concealed by the rotundate sides of elytra; either double or simple, only in the tentyrioides-group is this character variable. TYPE SPEcIEs.-Trachynotus bipunctatus Haag. COMPOsITIoN.-In this new and natural subgenus I place 20 species, which are subdivided into the following rather heterogeneous eleven groupS. 1. Primary costa carinate. (pseudopleural margination double or simple.) 1. Dorsal costa carinate: the strongly differentiated and unrelated tentyrioides- and gracilipes-groups. 2. Dorsal costa absent to granulated or obtuse. a. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate. a. Elytra tuberculated: haagi-group. fl. Elytra uniformly micro-granulated: the goryi- and bipunctatus-groups, the former with emarginate, the latter with truncate anterior margin of pronotum. b. Pseudo pleural margination simple. a.Elytra with supplementary costulae, uniformly and densely covered with yellowish bristles: dub ius- group. fl. Elytra without supplementary costulae, at most with densely setiferoils stripe along sides: tibialis-group. II. Primary costa from faint and obtuse to absent. (Pseudopleural margination always simple.) I. Elytra without or with depressed bristles: the strongly differing braunsi- and barnardi-groups. 2. Elytra with erect bristles: incostatus-group. 3. Elytra with erect plus depressed bristles: pygmaeus-group. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Although composed of rather heterogeneous groups, the new subgenus is isolated and well characterized among all the other Somaticus by the extremely fine, dense, granular micro-sculpture on pronotum. A certain relationship is noticeable through the incostatus- group to the Trachynotus and allied genera, through the pygmaeus-group Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Sabinet Gateway under licence by Reproduced 114 1. MOLURINI to the vestitus-group of S. (Trichotrachys), whereas the groups with double pseudopleural margination are allied to some of the preceding subgenera. DISTRIBUTION-(. on map I)-Western; with only the pygmaeus- group slightly overlapping the western and peripheral part of the area of Eastern subgenera. From the Central Cape Province through the South-Western; Northern and North-Western Cape Province to Great Namaqualand, Damaraland and Ovamboland, slightly spreading into the westernmost part of Bechuanaland, and with a single species (viz. pygmaeus) intruding into the western parts of the Transvaal, Orange Free State .and Basutoland. gil. haagi-group (cf. key of groups, p. 58, §8) Head strongly hypognathous, without lateral stripes. Eyes much longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae distinctly dilated apically. Pro no tum dull, dimorphic, carinate peripherally, with strongly rounded and dilated sides. Anterior margin emarginated to bi-sinuate. Integument with extremely fine, irregularly granular micro-sculpture, and more or less distinct, sparse, shallow primary punctures. Elytra distinctly broader than pro- no tum, with rounded shoulders, densely tuberculated, with fine and sometimes hairy micro-granules between tubercles. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle; dorsal costula slightly indicated. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate. Legs long. A single species, closely resembling S. (Acromaticus) adventitus, but with bi-carinate pseudopleural margination and granular micro-sculpture on pronotum. From the other S. (Trachyderes) distinguished by the tuberculated elytra.

Somat;cus (Trachyderes) haag; (Peringuey)

v ... 1899 Trachynotus Haagi Peringuey, p. 299, pI. 6, fig. 18 (0).-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 272, no. 3668.

sensu latiore PI. XV, fig. I; text-fig. 100. Black; shiny; bare or pilose. Head covered uniformly with fine to granular punctures, with long, adherent, yellowish bristles on anterior portion. Eyes roundish, longer than genae, in the (j- considerably larger than in the ｾ＠ and with the inter-ocular space about as broad as length of eyes, in the subsp. pi/ipeplus two-thirds broader. Pro no tum with evenly rounded and depressed sides, one-and-a-half times to almost twice as broad as long, broadest in front of middle, in the (j- more strongly narrowed towards base, in the ｾ＠ broader and more strongly dilated laterally. Posterior angles obtuse, concealing foraminal carina. Integu- ment· densely, rugosely, sometimes sharply micro-granulated, with scattered primary punctures or small, setiferous primary granules. Pro sternum with more or less long, semi-erect, whitish yellow bristles; episternum setiferous, sparsely and finely granulated on inner two-thirds. Elytra covered densely with separated, irregular, roundish to slightly elongate tubercles, more or less distinctly arranged in longitudinal rows, of which three are readily seen on lateral interval, with the median row Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 115

c c B B A 100 101 FIG. IOO.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) haagi haagi (Peringuey, 1899).- A=apicaie, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIG. IOI.---":"Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) goryi (Solier, I 843).-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. becoming slightly raised towards apex. Dorsal costula indicated by a row of more or less continuous, elongate tubercles; suture sharply carinate. Lateral interval oblique, rather steep, narrower than dorsal interval, with scattered, fine tubercles on basal quarter and on submarginal depression. Scutellum smooth and shiny on middle. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate on basal half. Pseudopleura with very fine, sparse granules. Abdomen shiny, covered densely with fine, setiferous, often transversely confluent punctures, which are concentrated, subrugose to granular on proximal sternites. In the d' the underside of tibiae with more or less developed subtomentose stripes. ａｅｄｅａｇｕｳＮｾＨｴ･ｸｴＭｦｩｧＮ＠ lOO)-Apicale about as long as basale, constricted at middle, with feeble pre-apical dilation and with rather long, pointed, but not acuminate 'apex; dorsal surface plane, with the median division confined to apex; ventral surface with open groove and carinate sides of pre-apical dilation. Penis robust, gradually dilated pre-apically, with slightly curved, long and pointed apex; outer surface sharply canaliculate on apical third; inner groove open. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Pella". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Great Namaqualand, eastern part of the North-Western and Northern Cape Province. From May to August. SUBSPECIES Eyes large, in the d' the inter-ocular space about as broad as length of eyes. Prosternum with dense, long bristles, which are considerably longer 9 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 116 1. MOLURINI than bristles on episternum. Elytra with scattered microscopically setiferous, secondary micro-granules between primary tubercles, appearing as if bare. haagi haagi (Peringuey) Pronotum with ｾ｡ｴｴ･ｲ･､Ｌｳｨ｡ｬｬｯｷ＠ primary punctures between micro-sculpture. Elytra with obsolescent incomplete dorsal costula and denser, practically irregular tuberculation on dorsal interval. In the cr the underside of posterior tibiae without distal stripe of pale hairs. DIMENSIONs.--Length 13t to 19 mm., width 5t to 8 mm., height 4 to Ｕｾ＠ mm. LOCALITlEs.-Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pella (S, T).-Prieska Distr. (104): Prieska (T). Eyes smaller, in the d' the inter-ocular space considerably broader than length of eyes. Prosternum with scattered, short bristles, which are not longer than bristles on episternum. Elytra with dense secondary micro- granulation between primary tubercles, bearing conspicuous, rather long, depressed, greyish-white hairs, which form patches around tuberculation. haagi pilipeplus ssp. nov. Body shorter, broader. Pronotum broader, more flattened, with small, sparse, setiferous primary granules between secondary micro-granulation. Elytra with complete, obtuse dorsal costula and posteriorly distinct lateral costula; tubercles on dorsal interval more scattered and arranged in a longitudinal row on each side of dorsal costula. In the cr the underside of all tibiae with a subtomentose stripe of whitish hairs on distal half. ' DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 mm., width 6t to 7t mm., height 4 to 5 mm. LOCALITy.-South-West Africa.-Gideon Distr. (6): btwn. Tses and Asab, V. 1937 (V. F. FitzSimons, I cr, holotype in Transvaal Museum). Without specified locality, V. (De Vylder, I 'j', allotype in Museum Stockholm). g/2. goryi-group (cf. key of groups, p. 61, §16) Head vertical, without lateral stripes. Eyes large, roundish, longer than broad, emarginated a little above antero-inferior margin, sometimes with sharp supra-orbital edge. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae with strongly dilated distal segments; apical segment considerably longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum cordiform, transverse, carinate peripherally, with evenly rounded and dilated sides, and emarginated to bi-sinuate anterior margin. Elytra flattened to moderately convex, much broader than pronotum, dull or with shiny stripes, almost bare, granulated, with sharply carinate primary costa and rather strong, transverse impressions on dorsal interval. Dorsal costula absent or slightly indicated; suture plane to tectiform. Shoulders prominent, rectangularly rounded. Scutellum shiny and smoothed apically. Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate. Legs long and thin. Characterized by the duplicate pseudopleural margination, in this feature agreeing only with the bipunctatus- and tentyrioides-groups, but readily distinguished from the former by the distinctly emarginate anterior margin of pronotum and from the latter by the lack of a sharply carinate dorsal costa on e1ytra. KEY TO SPECIES Pronotum less than twice as broad as long; lateral portions not depressed. Prosternum with long, dense, erect white hairs. Elytra with shiny alternate stripes of cuticle; dull on depressed lateral margin, the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 117 outer portion of lateral interval and on both sides of the shiny median line on dorsal interval. Suture plane. The lower carina of pseudopleural margination serrate-denticulate apically. goryi (Solier) (p. 117) Pronotum strongly transverse. at least twice as broad as long; lateral portions depressed. Prosternum with short, sparse and sessile hairs. Elytra very dull, with the exception of the primary costa and submarginal depression of sides. Suture tectiform. The lower carina of pseudopieural margination smooth. dutoiti sp. nov. (p. 118)

Somaticus (Trachyderes) goryi (Solier)

.1843 Trachynolus Gory; Solier. pp. 317, 324 (reprint pp. 105, 112).-v. 1873 Haag, pp. 6, 17.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 93.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3696. PI. V, fig. 5; PI. XV, fig. 2; text-fig. 101. Black; sericeous, the elytra with shiny stripes; almost bare, underside pilose. Head rugosely punctured; epistome sparsely punctured and with long hairs. Eyes longer than genae, and in the d' considerably larger than in the Q. Pronotum broadest in front of middle, one-and-a-half to one-and-two-thirds times as broad as long, in the d' more distinctly cordiform and more slender than in the Q; covered uniformly with an extremely fine, dense, partially confluent micro-granulation. Hairs on prosternum much longer than those on episternum. Elytra flat, with broadly flattened submarginal area, and (in caudal aspect) with continuously and moderately arcuate upper contours of lateral plus dorsal intervals. Primary costa curved; no dorsal costula. Integument with scattered, fine primary granules, smooth on shiny odd intervals, but covered with a dense micro-granulation on dull even intervals and submarginal depression. Lateral interval slightly convex, about as broad as dorsal interval. Pseudopleura finely and sparsely granulated. Abdo- men with dense, fine, asperate punctures on proximal sternites, sparsely punctured on distal sternites. In the d' the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae slightly prolonged. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 101)-Apicale slightly constricted at middle, becoming gradually narrowed to its obtusely pointed apex; dorsal surface with broad, deep median sulcus, ending at a short distance from base; inflexed alae on ventral surface strongly dilated in front of base. Penis with long, sharply pointed apex, which is only slightly curved to straight; outer surface tectiform, with less convex and plane distal portion; inner surface grooved. DIMENSIONs.-Length II to 15t mm., width 5 to 7 mm., height 2t to 3!mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap de Bonne Esperance". Type, according to Haag, in Museum Geneva. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Cape Province. On open sandy flats; from July to September. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pofadder (T); Pella (S); Aggeneys (T).-Little Namaqualand (l00): Bushman Flats, S. of Goodhouse, Steinkopf and Oograbies, 15 m. E. of Port Nolloth (T). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 118 I. MOLURINI

Somaticus (Trachyderes) dutoiti sp. nov. PI. XV, fig. 3; text-fig. 102. Related to goryi. Head as in that species, but the vertex with dense, sharply raised, reticulate sculpture, extending to posterior portion of epistome. Eyes very large, in the 6 considerably larger than in the ｾＬ＠ with fine, but sharp supra-orbital edge. Antennae very long. Pronotum shaped as in goryi, but more transverse and more strongly dimorphic, in the 6 narrower, of a much more pronounced cordiform shape than in the ｾ［＠ covered densely with a fine reticulation, the raised meshes of which are formed by extremely fine and conglomerated micro-granules. Episternum of pro sternum with dense, elongate, setiferous granules. Elytra broader, more strongly convex, with uniformly dull cuticle, except for the slightly polished submarginal depression; evenly covered with fine, scattered primary granules, but without secondary micro-granulation. Dorsal costula slightly indicated by a scarcely raised fine row of granules. Lateral interval oblique and steep. Suture shiny, narrowly tectiform. Granula- tion on pseudopleura more dense. Abdomen with granular punctures; in the 6 the middle of disc of basal sternite densely and transversely granular, the middle of second sternite with conglomerated punctation. Sides of anal sternite with extremely fine margination. In the 6 the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae very small and inconspicuous. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 102)-Differing greatly from goryi. Apicale slender, but with strongly dilated base, barely constricted at middle, with longer, obtusely pointed apex; dorsal surface with much shorter, narrower median sulcus, ending at about middle; inflexed alae of ventral surface dilated and practically in contact with one another for a considerable distance along middle. Penis with distinctly curved, thin and rounded apex; outer surface strongly compressed, tectiform, with distinct median sulcus on apical portion; inner surface with open groove at base and apical orifice, enclosed only in between by the tubiform and fused inflexed alae. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 13i to 16-!- mm., width 6-!- to 7t mm., height 3t to 4t mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Southern part of Great Namaqualand, along the Orange River. This species, remarkable for the very black, anthracitic tint of upper surface, was found running on blackish gravel of a rocky hill, where it was extremely difficult to detect. LocALITY.-South-West Africa.-Warmbad Distr. (1): 10 m. N of Vioolsdrift, IX. 1950 (c. Koch & G. van Son, 8 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). DEDIcATIoN.-Named in honour of Dr. P. J. du Toit, South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.

g/3. bipunctatus-group (cf. key of grouJ?s, p. 61, §16) Head almost vertical, sometimes with fine lateral stripes. Eyes moderately large, longer than broad, emarginated above antero-inferior angle. Genae rather sharply separated from epistome. Antennae strongly dilated apically; apical segment longer than pre-penultimate Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 119 segment. Pronotum strongly convex, with evenly rounded sides and densely granulate to reticulate micro-sculpture. Anterior margin practically truncate, carinate, in a single case (gunvorae cylindricollis) the carina obsolescent on middle of disc. Lateral carina often rudimentary in front of or behind median dilation. Elytra with broadly rounded to oblique shoulders, much broader than pronotum, strongly convex to flattened, covered densely with fine, often briefly setiferous granules, in one case (bipunctatus) densely pilose. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle; dorsal costula absent or distinctly marked by a row of granules; suture tectiform to granulated. Dorsal interval with transverse impressions; lateral interval from steep to flattened, broader than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination sharply double. Legs very long. KEY TO SPECIES Elytra flattened, with depressed lateral interval; the upper contours of the latter (in caudal view), .together with contours of dorsal interval, forming a continuously arcuate line; integument covered densely with stripes of yellowish bristles, partially concealing derm. Pronotum subcordiform, broadest in front of middle. hipunctatus (Haag) (p. 119) Elytra strongly convex, with raised, more or less steep lateral interval; the upper contours of the latter (in caudal view) forming a straight and obliquely rising line, meeting the horizontal contours of dorsal interval in a sharp angle at primary costa; integument from practically bare to sparsely setiferous. Pronotum broadest at about middle. gunvorae (Koch) (p. 121)

Somaticus (Trachyderes) hipunctatus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus bipunctatus Haag, p. 20.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3697. sensu latiore

PI. XV, fig. 4; text-fig. 103. Black; dull; upper surface with a dense design, composed of yellowish bristles. Head with uniform and very dense reticulation on vertex, epistome punctured; with scattered yellowish bristles, forming a fine row along inner margin of eyes and two large lateral patches on front. Eyes almost round, longer than genae. Pronotum subcordiform, one-and-a- half times as broad as long, with strongly but evenly rounded sides, which are distinctly constricted anteriorly. Disc strongly convex, sometimes gibbose anteriorly. Integument covered densely with the same fine micro-reticulation as on head; with scattered, somewhat scaly bristles, which form a roundish, conglomerated, small patch on middle of lateral portions anteriorly, as well as a broad stripe, running basad from roundish patch and becoming dilated towards base, composed of transversely arranged and concentrated bristles. Anterior margin carinate, but the carina often concealed by transversely arranged, dense bristles. Lateral carina very fine, rudimentary in front of anterior angles. Prosternum with whitish hairs, episternum covered densely with fine, setiferous granules. Elytra Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 120 I. MOLURINI

102 B

103 FIo. 102.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) dutoiti sp.nov.-Penis, outer surface. FIG. 103.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) bipunctatus bipunctatus (Haag, l873).-A=apicale dorsal surface; B=penis, dorsal surface.

flattened, with scattered fine granules, and with two broad stripes of dense, yellowish bristles on both the dorsal and lateral intervals; the inner stripe is coalescent with the lateral stripe on apical declivity; the third stripe is usually interrupted at middle. Primary costa sharply carinate, approximated to suture; no dorsal costula; suture tectiform. Pseudo- pleura densely granulated and setiferous on inner half.• Abdomen with dense, fine, setiferous punctures, more granular and slightly confluent. transversely on proximal sternites; in the 6 the middle of the two basal sternites with fine, sharply raised, concentrated, round granules. Legs thin; the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae obsolescent in the 6. AEDEAGUs.-{text-fig. 103)-Apicale distinctly longer than basale, punctured dorsally, with rather strong median constriction and moderately acuminate apex; ventral surface with open groove. Penis thin, subparallel, with obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with a pre-apical, broad median impression, which is flanked by a sharply raised, fine submarginal carinula on sides; inner surface grooved. TYPE LocALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammiung, Munchen (!). No other records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern part of the Central and eastern part of the North-Western Cape Province. May to July. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted by Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence 1. Somaticus 121

SUBSPECIES Pronotum gibbose on anterior portion. bipunctatus bipunctatus (Haag)

DIMENSIONs.-Length 10 to 12 mm., width 31 to 51 mm., height 21 to 3 mm. LOCALITlEs.-Cape Province.-Western part of the Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pella (S); Pofadder (T).

Pronotum strongly, but uniformly convex. bipunctatus pilosus (peringuey)

(v. • 1885 Trachynotus pilosus ｐｾｲｩｮｧｵ･ｹＬ＠ p. 112.-1910 Gebien, p. 164. -1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3698.) Almost identical with the typical bipunctatus, but shape of pronotum constant. DIMENSloNs.-Length 8t to 13 mm., width 3 to 5t mm., height 2 to 31 mm. TYPE LOCALlTY.-"Fraserburg". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. LOCALITlEs.-Cape Province.-Eastern part of the Kenhardt Distr. (101): K!lnhardt and Kakamas (S).-Gordonia Distr. (124): Aughrabies Falls (S). -Fraserburg Distr. (44): Fraserburg (S).

SOTlUlticus (Trachyderes) gunvorae (Koch) v. • 1953f Trachynotus Gunvorae Koch, p. 12. sensu latiore PI. XVI, figs. 1 and 2; text-fig. 104. Head with or without lateral stripes; vertex covered densely with fine granules, which tend to coalesce into longitudinal rugosities. Eyes roundish. Antennae long, extending well beyond elytral base. Pronotum slender, broadest at or slightly in front of middle, one-and-a-third to one- and-a-half times as broad as long, in a single case (gunvorae cylindricollis) only about as broad as long, sometimes slightly constricted anteriorly, with faintly to moderately rounded sides. Integument bare or with fine bristles, with extremely dense micro-granulation, forming sometimes subreticulate, fine ridges. Lateral carina fine, evanescent in front of anterior angles, flattened to rudimentary in front of posterior angles. Episternum of prosternum densely granulated, setiferous. Elytra with rather strongly raised, oblique lateral interval. Integument with scattered, fine, more or less distinctly setiferous primary granules and uniformly covered by a dense, secondary micro-granulation, except for a more or less smoothed median stripe on.lateral interval. Dorsal costula formed by a sharp row of slightly coarser granules; suture with a fine, subcarinate row of sharp granules. Shoulders obliquely sloping. Abdomen densely, finely granulated, setiferous; in the 6 the posterior half of basal sternite with a patch of conglomerated, round and shiny granules, in between which are granules with smoky to reddish-brown bristles. Legs long. In the 6 the underside of anterior tibiae with small, whitish apical brush. AEDEAGUs.--(text-fig. 104)-Apicale strikingly stout, with slight median constriction and strongly acuminate apex; dorsal surface flattened distally, even. Penis broad, constricted at middle, with flattened and broadly rounded apex; outer surface tectiform, shiRY, without canaliculation. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) the by granted under licence Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 122 I. MOLURINI

c B A 104

FIo. 104.-Aedeagus of S017laticus (Trachytieres) gunvorae gunvorae (Koch, 1953£).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIo. I05.-Aedeagus of S017lQticus (Trachytieres) tentyrioides (Haag, 1873).- Apicale, dorsal surface.

TYPE LOCALITY.-"Korannaland: Narugas, 65 m. W. of Upington" . . Type in collection of University Lund (!). DISTRIBUTIoN.-Northern and North-Western Cape Province. SUBSPECIES 1. Pronotum about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with rather strongly dilated sides; anterior carina complete. Elytra with clearly visible bristles. . 2 Pronotum very slender, subcylindrical, about as broad as long, with only slightly rounded and faintly dilated sides; anterior carina obso1escent on middle. Elytra bare. gunvorae cylindrico/lis ssp. nov.

PI. XVI, fig. l. Head without lateral stripes. Pronotum bare. In shape of elytra similar to gunvorae gunvorae; the dorsal costula less well developed. Unique among all Somaticus in exhibiting the most elongate shape of pronotum. DIMENSIONs.-Length IS! mm., width 6t mm., height 4t mm. LOCALlTY.-Cape Province.-Gordonia Distr. (124): Lower Bak River, VII. 1925 (K. H. Barnard, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in South African Museum). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) the by granted under licence Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 123

2. Body larger;12 to 15 mm. long. Pronotum with distinct constriction anteriorly. Elytra dull, with numerous, longer bristles, leaving bare a broad median stripe on lateral interval; dorsal costula well developed, formed by a slightly raised row of dense and sharp granules. gunvorae gunvorae (Koch)

PI. XVI, fig. 2. Head with a lateral stripe of yellowish, somewhat scaly bristles, dilated on front. Pronotum with equal\y, almost straightly dilated sides, at the broadest point therefore slightly and obtusely subangular; integument with scattered, short, pale bristles, except for a bare longitudinal portion along midline and a longitudinally lunulate patch on each side of middle on anterior portion. DIMENSJoNs.-Length 12t to IS mm., width 5t to 7 mm., height 3t to 41 mm. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Gordonia Distr. (124): Narugas, V. 1951 (the typical series of 3 JJ and 2 'j)'j), Land T). Body smaller, about 11 mm. long. Pronotum without a'nterior constriction; sides narrowed gradually from median dilation to anterior margin. Elytra with sericeous, distinct metallic sheen, uniformly covered with very scattered, short bristles; dorsal costula feebly indicated, formed by a very fine line of granules on basal third. gunvorae amnigenus ssp. nov.

Lateral portions of head with sparse, very fine, uniform whitish bristles, which are not concentrated on front. Pronotum with broadly rounded sides, covered with a rough and granular reticulation, which is interrupted by a small, longitudinal patch of conglomerated micro- granules on middle and on each side of midline on anterior portion; with scattered, slightly scaly bristles. Lateral carina rudimentary and obsolescent in front of anterior and posterior angles. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination less sharp and abbreviated. DIMENSIONs.-Length lit mm., width 41 mm., height 2-i mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North- Western Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (loa): Goodhouse, XI. 1936 (Museum staff, I J, holotype in South African Museum).

gj4. tentyrioides-group (cf. key of groups, p. 61, §§15 or 22)

Head strongly hypognathous, with rather broad to fine lateral stripes. Eyes moderately large, longer than broad, emarginated between middle and antero-inferior angle. Genae indistinctly separated from epistome. Antennae strongly dilated apically; the apical segment prolonged, considerably longer than pre-penultimate segment. PronotuIV moderately convex, transverse, evenly rounded laterally, with granular micro-sculpture, sometimes with scattered, shallow punctures between micro-sculpture, (as is also the case in the dubius-group). Anterior margin practically truncate. Lateral carina often rudimentary to absent in front of anterior and posterior angles. Elytra much broader than pronotum, with more or less rounded shoulders, strongly convex, very densely covered with fine, secondary micro-granules, as well as with scattered, fine primary granules. Primary and dorsal costae sharply carinate; lateral costula often conspicuous; suture carinate discaUy. Lateral interval oblique and steep, broader Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 124 I. MOLURINI to narrower than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination from sharply double to almost simple; in the latter case the upper edge reduced to a few fine, scattered granules. The tentyrioides-group is closely related to the bipunctatus-group, from which it is separable by the sharply raised, carinate dorsal costa of elytra, the plane, not transversely impressed dorsal interval and steep lateral interval, the strongly transverse pronotum, which is about twice as broad as long, and the apically dilated antennae. It forms a group intermediate between the Somaticus with double pseudopleural margination and those with a simple one. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Lateral interval of elytra less steep, in dorsal aspect and across middle, distinctly broader than dorsal interval; dorsal costa not abbreviated posteriorly. Disc of pro no tum with dense, confluent, granular micro-rugosities, between which there are often shallow and scattered punctures. 2 Lateral interval of elytra very steep, sometimes almost perpendicular, in dorsal aspect and across middle, considerably narrower than dorsal interval; dorsal costa often more or less strongly abbreviated posteriorly. Disc of pronotum with extremely dense, fine, but well separated, .round micro-granules. ratus sp. nov. (p. ] 25) 2. Pseudo pleural margination practically simple, with fine to evanescent upper edge. Elytra narrower, with broadly rounded shoulders and dense, duplicate granulation; cuticle with a strong bronzy sheen. Pronotum with complete lateral carina. tentyrioides (Haag) (p. 124) Pseudopleural margination sharply bi-carinate, with strong and continuous upper edge. Elytra broader, stout, with rectangularly rounded shoulders and scattered, fine granules; cuticle opaque, of an intense, anthracitic, black tint, without metallic sheen. Lateral carina of pronotum incomplete, developed only along median dilation. fitzsimonsi sp. nov. (p. 126)

Somaticus (trachyderes) tentyrioides (Haag)

v. * 1873 Trachynotus tentyrioides Haag, pp. 7, 24.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1920 Gebien, p. 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 276, no. 3721. v. * 1920 Trachynotus acuticostis Gebien, pp. 94, 97, pI. 2, fig. 9 ('::;).-1937b Gebien, p. 212, no. 3671 (= syn. nov.). Text-fig. 105. Head with dense, shallow to rather strong punctures. Lateral stripes rather broad, but composed of scattered, pale bristles. Genae separated from epistome by a small sinuosity. Pronotum strongly transverse, broadest at about middle, at least twice as broad as long, carinate peripherally, with very narrow, subcanaliculate submarginal depression, and widely obtuse posterior angles, which leave exposed a portion of foraminal carina. Integument between micro-rugosities sometimes with a 'few Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) the by granted under licence Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 125 scattered, shallow punctures. Episternum of prosternum with rather scattered, fine, setiferous granules. Elytra strongly raised, with broad submarginal depression; in specimens with dull cuticle, the secondary micro-granules sharp, very dense, distinctly setiferous, the primary granules very fine and inconspicuous; in specimens with shiny cuticle, the secondary micro-granules flattened to almost obsolescent, only microscopically setiferous, but the primary granules well developed, sharp and more concentrated. Lateral costula at least slightly indicated, in most cases well developed and forming a smoothed, longitudinal convexity on posterior half. Pseudopleura smooth, with barely discernible granulation. Abdomen with moderately dense, but strong punctation; in the d' the middle of the basal and second sternites with coarse, conglomerated granules. In the 0- the underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig.·l05)-Apicale long, slightly constricted at middle, with short, simply pointed, not acuminate apex; dorsal surface with a few coarse punctures on both sides of apical portion; ventral groove open. Penis subparallel, evenly convex, with broadly rounded apex and shiny, plane outer surface. DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 to 20 mm., width 7! to 9! mm., height 5! to 6!mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"N'Gami". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Mtinchen (!). No further records, with the exception of the type localities of acuticostis, viz. "Windhoek; Neudamm, 42 km. ONO. Windhoek, Mai". The holotypes of tentyrioides Haag and acuticostis Gebien (0 are identical. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Bechuanaland (?), Southern Damaraland and northern part of Great Namaqualand; May to July. LOCALITIES.-South-West Africa.-Windhoek Distr. (11): Windhoek and Regenstein near Windhoek (T).-Rehoboth Distr. (8): Naukluft (T).

Somaticus,(Trachyderes) ratus sp. nov. Text-fig. 106. Closely related to tentyrioides, but the body generally smaller, the upper surface without bronzy sheen and the elytra more strongly raised, with considerably steeper lateral interval. Head with dense, granular micro-sculpture and scattered, 'shallow to obsolescent punctures. Lateral stripes well defined, but narrow. Pronotum less strongly transverse, broadest a little behind middle, with a stronger dilation of sides and distinct anterior constriction, more distinctly depressed on submarginal area, and the lateral portions with conspicuous, rather concentrated, whitish to yellowish, short bristles. Elytra with feebly rounded shoulders and strongly raised, steep lateral interval. Integument with very dense, fine secondary micro-granulation, and scatterea, larger primary granules, from which arise very short to semi-erect, whitish bristles, conspicuous on lateral interval and apical declivity; lateral costula absent. Pseudo- pleural margination simple or obsoletely double, with the upper edge more or less distinctly indicated, but always obtuse and weak. Abdomen Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) granted licence Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under 126 1. MOLURINI with finer sculpture. The apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae very small, barely visible in the 6· AEDEAGus.---{text-fig. 106}-Almost identical with tentyrioides, but the extreme apex of penis with a minute emargination at middle. DlMENSIoNs.-Length 12t to 17 mm., width 5! to 8f mm., height 3* to 5f mm. DISTRlBUTION.-Northern Cape Province. LOCALITlEs.-Cape Province.-Kuruman Distr. (125): Kuruman, V. 1948 (Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., 6 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Kuruman River, V. 1948 (Univ: California-Transv. Mus. Exped., T, M.C.A.).-Kimberley Distr. (129) (K, T).-Hopetown Distr. (105): Strydenburg (St).

Somaticus (Trachyderes)fitzsimonsi sp. nov.

PI. XVI, fig. 3; text-fig. 107. Related to tentyrioides, but greatly differing by the considerably broader elytra, the comparatively small anterior body, the sharply bi-carinate pseudopleural margination and the very black tint. Head as in ralUs. Pronotum smaller, not quite twice as broad as long, mbre strongly convex, with very narrow, subcanaliculate submarginal depression, densely covered with granular, irregular and confluent rugosities, but without discernible punctures between micro-sculpture. Episternum of prosternum with very scattered, fine, setiferous granules. Elytra much broader than pronotum, with prominent shoulders. Integu- ment with extremely fine, dense, flattened micro-granules, the derm therefore appearing as if sericeous or micro-shagreened; primary granules rather coarse, conspicuous, only microscopically setiferous or practically bare. Primary and dorsal costae, as well as suture, strongly carinate; lateral costula well defined, formed by a row of fine granules, usually continuous and slightly carinate on posterior half. Upper edge of pseudopleural margination sharply carinate. Abdomen as in ratus, with fine punctures, becoming coarser and more concentrated on distal sternites; in the 6 the granulation on two basal sternites very fine and slightly confluent. No distinct apical brush on the underside of anterior tibiae in the 6. AEDEAGUs.---{text-fig. 107)-Similar to tentyrioides and ratus, but the apicale stouter, with acuminate apex and more distinctly punctured dorsal surface. Penis with prolonged, obtusely pointed apex; outer surfate with fine median sulcus on apical portion. DIMENSloNs.-Length 12* to 17 mm., width 6t to 8f mm., height 4 to 5 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-Southern Great Namaqualand. LOCALITIES.-South- West Africa.-Keetmanshoop Distr. (4): Berseba, VIII. 1937 (V. F. FitzSimons, 2 66, holotype in Transvaal Museum).- Ltideritzbucht Distr. (2): Kuibis, IX. 1950 (c. Koch & G. van Son, 1 ｾＬ＠ allotype in Transvaal Museum). DEDICATlON.-Named in honour of Dr. V. F. FitzSimons, Director of the Transvaal Museum. . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) the by granted under licence Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 127

B c A A 106 107 FIG. l06.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) ratus sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface. FIG. 107.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) jitzsimonsi sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C= penis, outer surface.

g/S. gracilipes-group (cf. key of groups, p. 61, §21) Head vertical, without distinct lateral stripes. Eyes large, roundish, much longer than broad, emarginated at about antero-inferior angle. Genae sharply separated from epistome; the latter strongly produced. Antennae very long, slightly accrescent; apical segment longer than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum peculiar in shape, finely carinate peripherally, with flat disc but with the lateral portions curved down, strongly and steeply sloping. Integument covered densely with a fine, granular micro-sculpture and with uniformly set, short, whitish brist/es. Anterior margin slightly bi-sinuate. Elytra slender, shoulderless, very strongly raised, with steep to almost vertical lateral interval, .sharply carinate primary and dorsal costae and very dense granulation, bearing numerous, conspicuous whitish bristles. Pseudo pleural margination simple. Legs long; in the J with very small apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae. Apart from the tentyrioides-group, the gracilipes-group is well distinguished from the other S. (Trachyderes) by the sharply carinate dorsal costa and the subvertical lateral interval of elytra. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 128 I. MOLURINI KEY TO SPECIES. Ely'tra more or less densely covered with coarse, distinctly setiferous primary granules between the fine and less dense secondary micro-granules; background of cuticle uneven; costae with more or less densely crenulate to serrate crest; sutural caiinulae broadly divided. gracilipes (Haag) (p. 128) Elytra practically bare, uniformly and very densely covered with fine, round micro-granules, and a few, scarcely larger primary granules, which are only microscopically setiferous; background Of cuticle even; costae . with sharp, smooth crest; sutural carinulae almost grown together. eremicola sp. nov. (p. 129) Somaticus (Trachyderes) gracilipes (Haag) v. • 1873 Trachynolus graci/ipes Haag, pp. 7, 19.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 93.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3695. v. • 1886 Trachynotlls allenualus Peringuey, p. 125.-1892 Peringuey, p. 135.- 1937b Gebien, p. 174, no. 3695a. PI. V, fig. 12; PI. XVI, fig. 4; text-fig. lOS. Dull, of a greyish-black tint, often with a bronzy sheen; setiferous. Head covered densely with fine, sharply raised, subreticulate rugosities and numerous whitish bristles. Eyes much longer than genae, strongly convex. Antennae extending well beyond elytral base. Pronotum slender, not much broader than head, broadest slightly in front of middle, about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, without submarginal depression, but with a feeble, roundish impression on each side of midline. Integu- ment covered uniformly with extremely dense, fine, sharply raised, elongate rugosities, and scattered whitish bristles, leaving bare a longitudinal median line, the two small, roundish discal patches, as well as a slightly curved, longitudinal patch along middle on lateral portions; these bare patches covered with dense, fine and round micro-granules. Posterior angles widely obtuse, leaving exposed portions of foraminal carina. Episternum of prosternum setiferous and densely granulated except for a narrow, smoothed submarginal area. Elytra slender, shoulderless, basally not broader than mesothoracic peduncle or pronotal base, with rounded, gradually dilated sides. Integument with very dense to rather scattered, setiferous primary granules. Lateral interval practically vertical, concealed by primary costa basally, much narrower than the broad and flattened dorsal interval. Primary costa sharp, almost confined to sides, basally defining the lateral contours of elytra and strongly projecting outwards beyond width of mesothoracic peduncle; the sharply carinate dorsal costa situated at about middle of disc, more or less abbreviated posteriorly and not extending beyond top of apical declivity. Apex of scutellum smooth, bare. Pseudopleura setiferous, finely granulated. Abdomen with fine, scattered, setiferous punctures; in the 6 the middle of basal and second sternites granular. Underside of anterior tibiae simple in both sexes, without discernible apical pilosity in the 6. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. lOS)-Apicale a little longer than basale, narrowed in an almost straight line from base to about middle, thence slightly narrowed to the short, obtuse apex, sometimes subparallel in front of the latter; dorsal surface with fine, median sulcus on distal half; ventral surface with broad open groove. Penis subparallel, with strongly curved, obtuse apex; outer surface broadly sulcate on distal portion. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated the Publisher under licence granted by Sabinet Gateway Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 129

c A B 108 109

FIG. 108.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) gracilipes (Haag, 1873).-Apicale, dorsal surface. FlG. \09.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) dubius (peringuey. 1885).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

DIMENSIONS.-Length 9! to 141 mm., width 3! to 5! mm., height 3 to 5 mm. TYPE LOCALlTY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Miin- chen (!). No further records with the exception of the type locality of attenuatus (Clanwilliam). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Western part of the South-Western Cape Province. From August to November. LoCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Hopefield Distr. (6): St. Helena Bay (S). -Clanwilliam Distr. (39): Elands Bay (T); btwn. Leipoldtville and Elands Bay (S); Graafwater and btwn. Graafwater and Clanwilliam (T); Olifants River, btwn. Citrusdal and Cianwilliam, and btwn. Clanwilliam and Nardouw (S); Clanwilliam (T, S, St); Het Kruis, E. of Pakhuis Pass and Bulhoek, btwn. Klaver and Clanwilliam (S).-Calvinia Distr. (41): NieuwoudtvilIe (T).-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhynsdorp (T, St); Vredendal (St); Papendorp, mouth of the Olifants River (S).

Somaticus (Trachyderes) eremicola sp. nov. Closely related to gracilipes. Head as in the latter. Pronotum shorter, broader, to almost twice as broad as long, broadest at about middle, with more strongly demarcated, broadly rounded median dilation and shallowly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 130 I. MOLURINI impressed lateral portions. Integument different, practically bare, composed of a uniform, round, extremely dense, but distinctly separated micro-granulation. Episternum of prosternum covered with the same micro-granulation, without smooth submarginal area. Elytra similar to gracilipes, but with different sculpture. Pseudopleura very densely micro-granulated. Underside of hind-body and legs as in gracilipes. AEDEAGus.-Not examined. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 8 to 9i mm., width 3-1- to 3t mm., height 3t to 4 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North- Western Cape Province.-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Kneirsvlakte, X. 1950 (Mus. Exped., I ＳｾＬ＠ types in South African Museum).-Little Namaqualand (100): btwn. Soebatsfontein and Spring- bok, XI. 1948 (Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., I ｾＬ＠ para type, T).

gj6. dub ius-group (cf. key of groups, p. 66, §31)

Head moderately hypognathous, without lateral stripes. Eyes roundish, longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Genae barely separated from epistome or with small sinuosity at the anterior margin of c1ypeal suture. Antennae stout, strongly compressed and dilated apically. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, in the 3 a little more slender than in the ｾＬ＠ with evenly rounded and dilated sides, carinate peripherally. Integument setiferous, rugosely micro-sculptured and with scattered, shallow primary punctures. Anterior margin distinctly emarginated. Elytra convex, much broader than pronotum, with dense micro-granulation, scattered primary granules and covered densely with yellowish bristles, partially concealing derm. Primary costa very fine, but sharply carinate; supplementary costulae more or less defined; suture smoothed, slightly tectiform. Pseudopleural margination simple.

Somaticus (Trachyderes) duhius (Peringuey)

v. • 1885 Trachynotus dubius Peringuey, p. 114.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1920 Gebien, p. 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3683. v. • 1886 TrachYllotus sericeus Peringuey, p. 124.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3683a. • 1920 Trachynotus dubius var. maculipennis Gebien, p. 99.-(syn. nov. of sericeus).

PI. XVII, fig. I; text-fig. 109. Black, with faint bronzy sheen; moderately shiny; setiferous. Head more or less densely punctured, except for the broadly' smoothed median line; with scattered yellowish bristles. Inter-ocular space in both sexes about twice as broad as length of eyes. Pronotum transverse, broadest slightly in front of middle (3) or at middle ＨｾＩＬ＠ about twice as broad as long or a little longer, with slightly depressed sides. Integument covered with an extremely dense, fine, granular micro-sculpture, and with scattered, setiferous, shallow primary punctures, leaving bare some fenestrate patches along midline and on lateral portions, but becoming more concentrated towards sides; bristles rather long, yellowish, depressed, forming an obsolescent stripe along sides. Base shallowly emarginated, with slightly produced, obtuse posterior angles. Elytra with rounded shoulders. Integument with extremely fine secondary micro-granules; fine, scattered, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 131 irregular primary granules; and between costae covered densely with a rather continuous layer of adherent, moderately long, yellowish bristles, which are sometimes interrupted by irregular, very faintly convex, roundish and smoothed patches (var. maculipennis Gebien = sericeus Peringuey). Dorsal and lateral costulae more or less developed, formed either by a fine row of granules or by a rather broad, smoothed, obtuse longitudinal convexity; the primary costa usually coalescent with the lateral costula apically. Apex of scutellum smooth and shiny. Pseudopleura micro- sculptured; with fine, sparse, setiferous primary granules. Abdomen shiny, finely, rather sparsely punctured, slightly more concentrated and granular on middle of two basal sternites. Legs moderately long. In the d the underside of anterior tibiae with a strong, yellowish distal brush, the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae with a very fine, yeIlowish distal stripe. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. I09)-Apicale about as long as basale, constricted at middle, with the distal third strongly narrowed in a straight line to the obtuse apex; dorsal surface evenly convex, punctured and with slightly prolonged median division; ventral surface with open groove, with the inflexed alae about as broad as groove. Penis thin, subparallel, with curved, rather sharply pointed apex; outer surface plane, not sulcate; inner surface grooved. DIMENSloNs.-Length 10i to 14 mm., width 4-} to 61- mm., height 3 to 4-1- mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Damaraland ?". Type in South African Museum (!). The holotype of sericeus comes from northern Ovamboland. Gebien, 1920, records this species from Okahandja and Karibib. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Damaraland and Ovamboland. August. LOCALITIES.-South- West Africa.-Karibib Distr. (10): Karibib (T).- Gobabis Distr. (18): Okurokandovi, Sanoveld (T).-Okahandja Distr. (12): Okahandja (T). In addition there are several specimens without specified locality (S). REMARKS.-The var. maculipennis Gebien is identical with Peringuey's sericeus. It is possible that sericeus may represent a geographical subspecies of dub ius, but the poor material available to me does not allow of any decision. gj7. tibialis-group (cf. key of groups, p. 63, §27) He:;td strongly hypognathous, without distinct lateral stripes. Eyes large, longer than broad, roundish, emarginated behind middle or at antero-inferior angle. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae thin, slightly to distinctly accrescent; apical segment prolonged, distinctly longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum strongly convex, without submarginal depression, carinate peripheraIly, but sometimes 'the lateral carina evanescent anteriorly, evenly rounded and dilated laterally, very densely and uniformly covered with a fine micro-granulation, sometimes with a patch of conglomerated pale bristles on either side of midline on anterior portion. Anterior margin shaIlowly emarginated to bi- sinuate. Elytra of variable shape, very densely micro-granulated, sparsely

10 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 132 1. MOLURINI setiferous, with the exception of a sometimes well defined lateral stripe with fine" but sharply raised primary costa, without or with slightly indicated supplementary costulae, but often the dorsal interval ,with more or less distinct transverse impressions. Pseudopleural margination simple. Legs long, the tibiae often reddish. The tibialis-group is closely related to the bipunctatus-group, but the pseudopleural margination is simple instead of sharply bi-carinate.

KEY TO SPECIES

1. Elytra elongate, shoulderless, attenuate apically, without any indication of supplementary costulae; dorsal interval plane. 2 Elytra short, oval, with broadly rounded and slightly prominent shoulders, rounded apically, with indicated dorsal and lateral costulae; dorsal interval more or less distinctly provided with transverse impressions. plutus sp. nov. (p. 134)

2. Pronotum about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with broadly rounded sides; anterior margin considerably broader than head. Elytra less convex, with concentrated pale bristles along sides; lateral interval (in caudal view) about as broad as dorsal interval; primary costa prolonged, extending well beyond top of apical declivity, converging posteriorly. tibialis (Haag) (p. 132)

Pronotum slender, only slightly broader than long, with feebly angular dilation of sides; anterior margin only a little broader than head. Elytra more strongly convex, with very short, scarcely discernible bristles on sides; lateral interval (in caudal view) slightly broader than dorsal interval; primary costa abbreviated, abruptly ending in front of top of apical declivity, practically subparallel posteriorly. zinni sp. nov. (p. 133)

Somaticus (Trachyderes) tibialis (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus tibialis Haag, pp. 6, 20.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3699. Black, the tibiae proximally reddish, rarely unicolorous and black (var. nigripes nov.); sericeous; setiferous. Head densely and sharply rugose, with shiny, coarsely punctured epistome; anterior portion with more or less dense whitish bristles, often extending backwards along eyes. Eyes longer than genae. Antennae slightly accrescent. Pronotum sharply carinate peripherally, in the 6 more cordiform and narrower than in the ｾＬ＠ broadest distinctly in front of middle, with a small patch of conglomerated yellowish bristles on middle of lateral portions. Integument very densely covered with an extremely fine, round to elongate, sometimes longitudinally confluent micro-granulation, also on lateral portions; the latter with scattered, stiff whitish bristles. Anterior margin emarginated or very slightly bi-sinuate. Posterior angles strongly obtuse. Prosternum about as long as coxal cavities, with rather long, fine whitish Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 133 ＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｾＭＭＭＭｾＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭＭｾＭＭＭ bristles' episternum with elongate, sharp, setiferous granules, except for a ｮ｡ｲｲｯｾ＠ and smooth submarginal area. Elytra slender and long. in the J more elongate and more flattened than in the

v. 1873 Trachynotus scutelliformis Haag (nee Laporte de Castelnau), pp. 7, 16.- 1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3709. PI. XII, fig. 3. Black; sericeous. Head densely granular on vertex, punctured on epistome. Eyes convex, about twice as long as genae. Antennae moderately long, slightly accrescent; apical segment strongly elongate. Pronotum convex, slightly cordiform and slender in the 6, more strongly transverse in the <;2, broadest at about middle, one-and-a-half to one-and- two-thirds times as broad as long, carinate peripherally. Integument covered very densely with extremely fine, elongate to roundish micro- granules, becoming more concentrated on lateral portions, and with long, depressed, yellowish bristles, sparsely and irregularly spread over entire surface. Anterior margin shallowly emarginated. Posterior angles slightly produced, obtuse. Prosternum about as long as coxal cavities; episternum with scattered, sharp, briefly setiferous granules and with broad, smooth submarginal area. Elytra distinctly broader than pronotum, moderately convex, with broadly rounded, distinctly prominent shoulders; covered very densely with fine micro-granules, which are slightly more scattered on dorsal interval, and with scattered, depressed, yellowish bristles, becoming more concentrated on outer half of lateral interval. Primary costa sharply raised, strongly converging backwards, and situated at about middle; suture plane. Dorsal interval about as broad as lateral interval, with more or less distinct transverse impressions. Apex of scutellum smoothed and shiny. Abdomen setiferous, finely, sparsely punctured, in the 6 with a few obsolescent, fine granules on middle of basal sternite. Legs long and thin. In the 6 the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with a whitish distal stripe. AEDEAGUS.-Not examined. DIMENsIONs.-Length 8t to 9t mm., width 4 to 4-!- mm., height 2t to 3mm. DlsTRIBuTION.-South-Central Cape Province, allopatric with tibialis. LOCAUfY.-Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore (H. Brauns, 1 6, holotype in Transvaal Museum), X. 1948 (Univ. Cali- fornia-Transv. Mus. Exped., 2 <;2<;2, collected as cadavers, allo- and paratypes in Transvaal Museum and Museum California Academy). A further paratype, without specified locality, referred by Haag to scutelliformis Laporte de Castelnau, in Zoo log. Staats-Sammlung, Mtinchen. REMARKS.-This new species has been classified by Haag as scutelli- form is. It does not agree with Laporte de Castelnau's description, which cannot be referred to any of the many species before me (vid. sub species incertae sedis, p. 5,6). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 135 g/8. braunsi-group (cf. key of groups, p. 67, §36) Very closely related to the tibialis-group and agreeing in most of the group-characters, but strongly differentiated by the absence of primary costa on elytra (which is neither carinate nor prominent, but at most slightly indicated). KEY TO SPECIES Elytra shoulderless, strongly convex, with sloping lateral portions; sides not depressed. Pronotum with fine, dense micro-granules. Tibiae reddish proximally. hraunsi so. nov. (p. 135)

Elytra almost flat, with strongly depressed lateral portions and the lateral margination bent upward; shoulders prominent, subangularly produced. Pronotum covered densely with fine, longitudinally confluent elongate micro-rugosities. Tibiae unicolorous and black. cordipennis sp. nov. (p. 136)

Somaticus (Trachyderes) hraunsi sp. nov.

PI. XVII, fig. 2. Black, the proximal portion of tibiae more or less reddish; very opaque; sparsely setiferous. Head densely and rugosely granular, rather densely covered with long, depressed, whitish plus yellowish bristles. Eyes considerably longer than broad, emarginated above antero-inferior margin. Antennae as in plutus. Pronotum carinate peripherally, strongly convex, without submarginal depression, broadest at about middle, one- and-a-third to one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with broadly rounded and evenly dilated sides. Integument very densely covered with extremely fine, round to elongate granules, and with scattered yellowish bristles, forming a conglomerated, roundish patch on middle of anterior portion of sides (as is the case in bipunctatus and tibialis). Anterior margin slightly emarginated. Posterior angles strongly obtuse. Episternum of pro sternum with fine, roundish, sharp, setiferous granules, except for a narrow and smoothed submarginal area. Elytra oval, shoulderless, moderately broader than pronotum, rather strongly and evenly convex, covered with a uniform, extremely dense, very fine, round micro-granulation, and with very short, scattered, yellowish bristles, which are slightly more concentrated on sloping lateral portions. Primary costa more or less distinctly indicated and formed by a fine, smoothed, often very feebly convex, but obtuse median line. No supplementary costulae indicated. Suture plane. Apex of scutellum shiny, densely punctured. Pseudopleural margination not depressed, with only very fine, submarginal canaliculation. Abdomen densely punctured, setiferous; in the 6 the middle of the three proximal sternites densely and sharply rugose. Legs thin and long. In the 6 the underside of anterior tibiae with pale distal stripe. AEDEAGus.-Very similar to zinni. Apicale almost identical with this species, but the penis thinner, with strongly bent, slightly knob-like apex, plane outer surface and the inflexed alae on inner surface dilated at middle and not pre-apically. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 136 I. MOLURINI DIMENSIONS.-Length 7t to lOi mm., width 3 to 41 mm., height 21 to 2-1 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Central Cape Province. Sympatric with tibialis, plutus and cordipennis. LoCALITy.-Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore III. 1920 (H. Brauns, 51 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). ' DEDICATION.-Named in memory of the late Dr. H. Brauns.

Somaticus (Trachyderes) cordipennis sp. nov. PI. XII, 'fig. 4. An isolated and one of the best-characterized species of the genus. Black; dull. Head, epistome included, very densely covered with fine, sharply raised, setiferous, granular rugosities. Epistome sharply separated from ｧ･ｮ｡･ｾ＠ Eyes large, much longer than broad, almost twice as long as genae, convex, emarginated a little behind middle. Antennae moderately long, strongly accrescent; apical segment considerably longer than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum cordiform, carinate peripherally, broadest distinctly in front of middle, about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, moderately convex, slightly depressed laterally, with broadly rounded and strongly dilated sides. Integument covered with very dense, fine, sharp, elongate, longitudinally confluent rugosities, changing into a dense reticulation on sides, and between rugosities with scarsely discernible, but rather dense and very short bristles of an intense testaceous tint, intermixed with microscopically short, scattered whitish bristles. Anterior margin distinctly bi-sinuate. Base shallowly emarginate, finely carinate, with distinctly produced and obtuse-angulate posterior angles. Prosternum considerably longer than coxal cavities, punctured, with rather long, scattered, whitish bristles; episternum setiferous, densely and sharply granulated, with smoothed and bare submarginal area. Elytra much broader than pronotum, flattened, with strongly, subangulady produced shoulders, uniformly and very densely covered with a fine, file-like micro-granulation, bearing microscopically short, but dense bi-colorous bristles cif a whitish and a testaceous tint. Each elytron with a slightly indicated, obtuse primary costula, and barely marked lateral and dorsal costulae. Sides broadly depressed; the sharp pseudopleural carina distinctly bent upwards and microscopically setiferous. Upper contours of elytral surface (in caudal view) shallowly and continuously arcuate. Apex of scutellum sharply triangular; produced, densely punctured. Abdomen rather densely punctured, with whitish bristles; in the ｾ＠ the middle of basal sternite very densely, sharply and transversely rugose, the middle of second sternite with dense, coarse, sharply raised, round and separated granules. Legs long. In the ｾ＠ the underside of anterior tibiae with fine whitish pilosity. AEoEAGUS.-Not examined. DIMENSloNs.-Length 9 mm., width 3-1 mm., height 2 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Central Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore (H. Brauns, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). g/9. barnardi-group (cf. key of groups, p. 67, §35) Based on a very specialized new species, the elytra of which do not exhibit a carinate primary costa. Resembling rather an Alleculid than a Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 137

Molurin, this species is readily recognizable among all the other Somati- cus by the subcylindrical ･Ｑｹｾｲ｡Ｌ＠ which conceal the pseudopleural carina, as well as by colour and vestIture.

Somaticus (Trachyderes) barnardi sp. nov.

PI. XIII, fig. 4. • Sericeous; sparsely pilose; of a dark reddish brown colour, the elytra paler the tibiae reddish, the antennae with testaceous proximal and dark distal segments. Head convex, sloping downwards, covered densely with a fine, rugose sculpture. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Eyes longer than broad, flat, ｾ｡ｲ･ｬｹ＠ projecting beyond lateral outli',1es of ｨ･ｾ､Ｌ＠ emarginated at about mIddle-. Antennae very short, not qUIte reachmg pronotal ba.se, strongly ｡｣｣ｲ･ｳ｣ｾｮｴ［＠ third segment about twice as long as broad a tnfle shorter than apIcal segment, the latter enlarged, almost two-thirds longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum slender, broadest distinctly in front of middle, only a little broader than head, about one-and-a-third times as broad as long, sharply carinate peripherally, uniformly convex, without submarginal depression, with rounded and moderately dilated sides. Integument covered uniformly with a very fine, dense, slightly elongate, partially confluent, rugose micro-sculpture, and with a few, rather long, whitish bristles on sloping lateral portions. Anterior margin shallowly emarginate. Posterior angles slightly obtuse. Pro sternum in front of coxal cavities longer than the latter, with rather long, scattered, white bristles, as on episternum; the latter with very fine, acuductate, longitudinal granules. Elytra shoulderIess, subcylindrically convex, oblong-oval,' slender, moderately broader than pronotum, with densely micro-shagreened background of cuticle and with sparse, extremely fine, round granules, from which arise long, depressed, white bristles or hairs. Each e1ytron with two shallow, longitudinal sulci discally. Sides rotundate, concealing pseudopleural carina; the latter simple. Suture plane. Scutellum with smoothed, but sparsely and finely punctured apex. Underside of hind-body densely and roughly punctured, with' rather dense, long, depressed, whitish bristles. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 7i mm., width 2-t mm., height Ii mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North-Western Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Kakamas, VII. 1925 (K. H. Barnard, I ｾＬ＠ holotype in South African Museum). DEDIcATIoN.-Named in honour of Dr. K. H. Barnard, director of the South African Museum.

g/IO. incostatus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 67, §37) Head vertical, broad, short, without lateral ｳｴｾｩｰ･ｳＮ＠ Eyes large, roundish, longer than broad, strongly convex, emarginated at antero-inferior angle. Supra-orbital portion more or less dilated, often strongly auriculate. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae rather short, extending to pro notal base, distinctly accrescent; apical segment longer than pre- penultimate segment; proximal segments sometimes reddish. Pronotum convex, short, strongly transverse, shorter than head, with distinct submarginal depression, broadest in front of middle, very finely carinate Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 138 1. MOLURINI peripherally, but the anterior and basal carinae often obsolescent on middle, covered densely with a fine, round, well-separated micro-granulation. Elytra strongly convex, much broader than pronotum, with considerably developed shoulders, broadest anteriorly, with or without submarginal depression (in the latter case the sides rotundate), uniformly and very densely micro-granulated, with short erect bristles, without or with incipient to rather well-defined but obtuse costulae. Pseudo- pleural margination simple, in one case (incostatus) almost concealed by the rotundate sides, but then briefly ciliate. In the d' the middle of basal sternite of abdomen with reddish patch. Legs sometimes reddish. In this group I place two related species, which agree with the braunsi- and barnardi-groups in the absence of carinate elytral costae, but are strongly differentiated by the short pronotum and the erect bristles on elytra. The reddish patch on basal sternite of the d', as well as the reduced anterior carina of pronotum, structure of eyes etc., are characters peculiar to this group and reveal a certain relationship with some of the Trachy- notus-like genera, as Microphligra or Epairopsis. KEY TO SPECIES Upper surface of body unicolorous, black, set with uniformly scattered bristles. Elytra plane, without or with barely indicated primary costa; pseudopleural margination ciliate, not depressed and almost concealed by the strongly rotundate sides of elytra. Appendages black. ;ncostatus (Gebien) (p. 138) Upper surface of body brown to blackish, often with distinct metallic sheen. Elytra with more or less developed, usually well-marked and raised, obtuse, broad, densely setiferous primary and supplementary costulae; pseudopleural margination not ciliate, depressed and completely exposed. Appendages in part reddish to ｴ･ｳｴ｡｣ｾｯｵｳＮ＠ kungorum sp. nov. (p. 140)

Somat;cus (Trachyderes) ;ncostatus (Gebien)

v. * 1920 Trachynotus incostatus Gebien, pp. 94, 99.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3716. PI. XVII, fig. 4; text-fig. 110. Black; slightly shiny to opaque; sparsely setiferous. Head covered very densely with fine, round, sharp micro-granules. Eyes large, but not longer than the elongated genae, with narrow dorsal portion, which is slightly overlapped by the strongly auriculate and upwardly bent supra- orbital edge. Antennae moderately long. Pronotum short, about twice as broad as long and one-and-a-half times as broad as head, uniformly micro-sculptured as on head, with a shallow and transverse impression behind anterior margin and another narrow, but deeper, transverse impression in front of base. Lateral carina densely ciliate with short, yellowish bristles. Anterior margin shallowly emarginate, with extremely fine to evanescent carina. Prosternum not longer than coxal cavities; episternum densely micro-granulated and with scattered whitish bristles. Elytra convex, rotundate, with broadly, 'but almost rectangularly rounded shoulders, with the sides gradually narrowed from shoulders to middle and thence strongly converging towards apex. Integument densely micro- granulated, with scattered, short and erect bristles, spread uniformly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 139

A B c A B 110 111 FIG. 110.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) incostatus (Gebien, 1920).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface; C=apicale, ventral surface. FIG. 111.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) pygmaeus (FAhraeus, 1870).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface.

over entire surface, usually plane, but sometimes with traces of very slight primary and supplementary costae. Scutellum densely micro-granulated, with scattered bristles. Abdomen setiferous, densely, rather roughly punctured; in the b' the middle of basal sternite with reddish brown patch, composed of aggregated, almost continuous, strongly depressed, scaly bristles. Tibiae simple in both sexes. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. llO)-Similar to pygmaeus. Apicale distinctly shorter than basale, narrowed slightly and almost straightly from base to apical portion; the latter not demarcated, more strongly constricted, with extreme apices long, gaping and pointed; dorsal surface plane, ventral surface with broad open groove. Penis thin, subparallel, with curved, very sharply pointed and hair-like apex; outer surface with a barely indicated, shallow sulcus apically; inner surface grooved. DIMENSIONs.-Length 7 to 91- mm., width 2i to 4! mm., height 11 to 2tmm. TYPE LOCALITy.-"Geiab Rivier bei Stolzenfels" and "Klein Water- berg". Type in Museum Frey, Miinchen (1). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Eastern parts of Damaraland and Great Namaqualand, Northern and North-Western Cape Province. From February to July and December. LOCALITIES.-South-West Africa.-Otjiwarongo Distr. (15): Klein Waterberg (F).-Warmbad Distr. (2): Stolzenfels (F).-Keetmanshoop Distr. (4): Keetmanshoop and Aroab (T).-Gideon Distr. (6): Stamp- rietfontein (T).-Cape Province.-Gordonia Distr. (124): Rietfontein Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 140 . 1. MOLURINI

(T, M.C.A.); Upington (S).-Kuruman Distr. (125): Kuruman and Kuruman River (T).-Prieska Distr. (104) (T).-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Kakamas and Pofadder (T).

Somaticus (Trachyderes) kungorum sp. nov.

Pl. XVII, fig. 3. Brownish to blackish, underside often paler, proximal portion of antennae and legs more or less reddish to testaceous; dull; densely setiferous. Head with dense, partially rugose micro-granulation, somewhat concealed by dense, yeIlowish bristles. Eyes large, slightly longer than the converging genae, strongly convex, with broad dorsal portion. Supra- orbital edge only faintly auriculate, faintly raised and densely setiferous posteriorly. Antennae slightly accrescent; apical segment only a little longer, but not broader than penultimate segment. Pronotum in shape and sculpture very similar to incostatus, but with coarser micro-granulation, covered with rather dense yellowish bristles, leaving exposed a longitudinal median patch and a less well-defined, roundish patch on middle of lateral portions. Prosternum as in incostatus. Elytra broad, convex, but with distinct submarginal depression, with broadly, but not rectangularly rounded shoulders, strongly attenuate· from about middle to apex, with broad, obtuse, more or less raised primary and supplementary costae. Integument covered very densely with._:fine, round, sharp micro-granules, which are finer than those on pronotum; the yellowish erect bristles concentrated on costulae and there more or less distinctly arranged longitudinally. Pseudopleural carina with only scattered, microscopically short, adherent bristles. Abdomen setiferous, finely and sparsely punctured; in the 6 the middle of basal sternite with a large, flattened, reddish-brown to testaceous patch, which is covered with an almost continuous layer of dense, completely depressed scaly bristles. Legs slender; tibiae simple in both sexes. AEDEAGus.-Not examined. DlMENSIONs.-Length 8 to 9i mm., width 3i to 4i mm., height 2t to 3mm. . DISTRIBUTloN.-North-Eastern Damaraland, in the Kaukau-Kungveld. LOCALITy.-South-West Ajrica.-Grootfontein Distr. (17): Gautscha Pan, V to VI 1953 (H. Kretzschmar & L. K. Marshall, 5 spec., types in Transvaal Museum).

gill. pygmaeus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 67, §37)

Head hypognathous, densely setiferous. Eyes rather small, but longer than broad, roundish, emarginated behind middle or at antero-inferior angle. No or only feebly indicated supra-orbital structures. Genae not sharply separated from epistome. Antennae short, not reaching pronotal base, distinctly accrescent; apical segment distinctly longer than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum convex, of variable shape, with narrow submarginal depression, strongly dilated sides; densely micro-granulated and with double vestiture, composed of erect primary bristles and patches or stripes of concentrated, depressed, scaly secondary bristles. Lateral carina complete or evanescent in front of anterior and posterior angles; carinae of anterior margin and base extremely fine, often obsolescent, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced I. Somaticus 141 absent or concealed by bristles. Elytra broader than pronotum, of variable shape, plane, without any indication of costal elements, with extremely fine micro-granulation and double vestiture, as on pronotum. Pseudopleural margination simple. Among the groups, having no carinate primary costa on elytra, well characterized by the double vestiture and the absence of elytral costae. KEY TO SPECIES . Shoulders prominent and produced. Pronotum broadest distinctly behind middle, with evenly rounded and dilated sides, not constricted anteriorly, with complete lateral carina. Underside of body with scattered fine, short bristles. pygmaeus (Fahraeus) (p. 141)

Shoulders obliquely rounded, not prominent and not produced. Pro- notum broadest at about middle, with broadly rounded but slightly lobiform median dilation, constricted anteriorly, with the lateral carina evanescent in front of anterior and posterior angles. Underside of body densely covered with scaly, whitish bristles, practically concealing derm. alhomaculatus (Haag) (p. 142) .

• Somaticus (Trachyderes) pygmaeus (Fahraeus)

v. • 1870 Trachynotus pygmaeus Fiihraeus, p. 279.-1873 Haag, pp. 3, 17.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3717. v. • 1899 Trachynotus tantil!us Peringuey, p. 301.-1904 Peringuey, p. 297.

PI. XXIV, fig. 1'; text-fig. 111. Head with very fine, dense, rugosely granular micro-sculpture, and with a double vestiture of rather dense bristles of a pale yellowish and dark testaceous colour. Eyes encircled by yellowish bristles, but without supra-orbital edge. Pronotum much broader than head, transverse, not quite twice as broad as long, with extremel.y fine, moderately dense, round, rarely rugose micro-granules. The erect primary bristles spread uniformly over entire surface, of a strong testaceous tint; the depressed, scaly secondary bristles of a pale yellowish colour, concentrated and forming more or less continuous, longitudinal patches on either side of the bare median line and on about middle of lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum sharply granulated, setiferous. Elytra much broader than pronotum, with upper contours of discal convexity moderately arcuate, with broadly depressed sides and the pseudopleural carina distinctly bent upwards. The erect primary bristles as on pronotum, uniformly distributed; the depressed, scaly secondary bristles of'a pale smoky tint, with the exception of a rather well-defined whitish stripe on sloping lateral portions and l!- narrower, less conspicuous whitish stripe along suture; vestiture leaving exposed a median stripe and a few transverse patches, the background of which often exhibits an intense, velvety to fuliginous opacity. Inner half of pseudopleura granulated, setiferous. Abdomen with fine, setiferous punctures. Legs slender; tibiae simple. AEDEAGUs.---{text-fig. 11l)-Apicale about as long as basale, gradually narrowed from base to apex, slightly constricted at middle, with broad apical portion, the extreme apices of which are gaping, short and obtusely Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 142 1. MOLURINI pointed; dorsal surface convex, plane; ventral surface with very broad open groove and narrow inflexed alae. Penis thin, with feebly dilated, sharply pointed and scarcely curved apex; outer surface with deep, broad median sulcus apically; in,ner s_urface with tubi!orm inflexed alae, leaving exposed only a narrow sIlt of-groove on proxImal half. DlMENSIONs.-Length n· to lOt mm., width 3i to 5 mm., height 2i to 3tmm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). The type locality of tantillus is Po tchefstroom. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern Cape Province, Western Orange Free State, Western Basutoland and Western Transvaal. From April to July. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Kimberley Distr. (129) (K, T, S, B).- Orange Free State.-Bloemfontein Distr. (7) (N).-Boshof Distr. (16): Boshof (St).-Basutoland.-Maseru Distr. (6): Mamathes (T).-Trans- vaal.-Christiana Distr. (2) (L).-Potchefstroom Distr. (15) (S).- Vereeniging Distr. (16) (T).

Somaticus (Trachyderes) alhomaculatus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus albomaculatus Haag, pp. 3,41.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3718. v. • 1885 Trachynotus terrenus Peringuey, p. 114.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3718a. PI. XIII, fig. 2; text-fig. 112. Head rugosely granular, covered densely with a double vestiture of scaly bristles of a pale and a dark yellowish tint, concentrated on obtuse supra-orbital edge. Pronotum strongly convex, moderately broader than head, slightly more than one-and-a-half times as broad as long, covered uniformly and very densely with round, sharp, well-separated micro- granules. The erect primary bristles scattered, spread over entire surface, of a slightly reddish-yellow tint; the depressed, scaly secondary bristles of a pale, whitish-yellow tint, forming concentrated, roundish patches on both sides of midline and a broad longitudinal stripe on lateral portions, running straightly from anterior angles to posterior ones. Prosternum together with episternum, densely micro-granulated, with whitish bristles on prosternum and yellowish bristles on episternum. Elytra oval, strongly convex, moderately broader than pronotum, with rotundate, convex sides and only canaliculate submarginal area. The erect primary bristles as on pronotum, but slightly longer, concentrated on a median and lateral stripe (corresponding to the position of primary and lateral costae); the depressed, scaly secondary bristles of a pale whitish-yellow to greyish-white colour, very small, roundish, forming a· concentrated sutural stripe, as well as some roundish, widely separated, large patches, longitudinally arranged and situated on both sides of the median stripe of erect primary bristles; sometimes with obsolescent roundish patches of secondary bristles also on submarginal portion; often the outer row of secondary patches of a whitish, the inner row of a yellowish colour. Pseudopleura granulated, setiferous. Abdomen covered densely with pale, scaly bristles. Legs slender; tibiae in both sexes simple. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 112)-Considerably differentiated. Apicale strongly curved, shorter than basale, narrowed strongly and in a straight line from base to about middle, then dilated into a spoon-shaped, rounded pre-apical portion, with broad, subparallel and gaping apex; dorsal Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 143

FIG. 112.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) albomaculatus (Haag, 1873).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface.

surface convex, ventral surface with the inflexed 'alae dilated, covering groove from about middle to apical orifice, raised and prominent on apical portion. Penis very strongly curved as a whole, thin, subparallel, with bent and obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with deep median sulcus, ending in front of apical portion; inner surface with broad, open groove, becoming constricted by inflexed alae towards apex. DlMENSIONs.-Length 9 to 12! mm., width 3! to 5l mm., height 2i to 4 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cradock". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further records except for the type locality of terrenus (Prieska). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-From the East-Central and Central to Northern and North-Western Cape Province. February to July. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Cradock Distr. (56) ＨｔＩＮＭｾｴ･ｹｮｳ｢ｵｲｧ＠ Distr. (54) (Z).-Middelburg Distr. (53): Rosmead (S).-Murraysburg Distr. (47) (S).-Carnarvon Distr. (103): Van Wyk's Vlei (S).-Prieska Distr. (104) (S, Z).-Herbert Distr. (106): Douglas (S).-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Keimoes (St); Kakamas (T, S, St); Pofadder (T).-Gordonia Distr. (124): Upington (S).

FIG. 112.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trachyderes) albomaculatus (Haag, 1873).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface.

h. Subgenus Acromaticus nov. 187! Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head hypognathous, without lateral stripes. Eyes rather large, from distinctly to slightly longer than broad, emarginated behind middle. Genae more or less sharply separated from epistome. Antennae with whitish pilosity, slightly dilated apically; the apical segment sometimes elongate. Pronotum dimorphic, in the 0' narrower and more Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 144 I. MOLURINI cordiform in shape, in the ｾ＠ strongly transverse and not or only slightly cordiform. Integument punctured; in cases of concentrated punctation the intervals between punctures often longitudinally confluent, substriolated, rugose or subgranular, exceptionally granulated (marlothi- and scaber-groups). Margins carinate, but the basal margination sometimes flattened to evanescent on disc (adventitus-group); anterior margin emarginated or bi-sinuate. Scutellum with smooth, bare apex, in a single case (suturalifer) with a few coarse, setiferous punctures. Elytra with rounded shoulders, often strongly dimorphic in shape and sculpture, with usually sharply carinate and only exceptionally obtuse to evanescent primary costa (licinoides- and saxicola-groups). Integument granulated, tuberculated, rarely punctured, from practically bare to sparsely setiferous except in marlothi, which is densely pilose. Supplementary costulae often slightly indicated to obtuse, but never carinate. Suture usually carinate. Pseudopleural margination simple. TYPE SPECIEs.-Sepidium acuminatum Quensel. COMPOSITION.-Twenty-six rather homogeneous species, which can be briefly divided into the following five groups: (1) acuminatus-group (with 23 species): Pronotum punctured, rarely with granular intervals between punctures, but never granulated. Primary costa on elytra sharply carinate. Pseudopleural carina smooth. (2) marlothi-group (monotypical): Elytra with longitudinal rows of stiff, spiniform, erect testaceous bristles. (3) scaber-group (monotypical): Pronotum with round granules. Primary costa on elytra sharply carinate. Pseudopleural carina crenulate. (4) licinoides-group (monotypical): Pronotum punctured. Primary costa on elytra obtuse. Pseudopleural carina smooth. (Elytra with obtuse dorsal and lateral costulae, and smooth cuticle.) (5) saxicola-group (monotypical): Pronotum punctured. Primary costa on elytra evanescent. Pseudopleural carina smooth. (Elytra without supplementary costulae, and with micro- shagreened cuticle.) SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Intermediate between S. (Tracheloeum) and S. (Trachyderes), but sharply divided from the former by the differently shaped, horizontally porreet (and not sloping) pronotum, from the latter by the punctured (and not micro-granulated) sculpture on pronotum. DISTRIBUTION.-(e on map I)-With a single exception (saxicola- group from the western part of Bushmanland), strictly confined to the Western and Southern Cape Province, following the coastal line within a range of not more than 100 miles wide from the Orange River to about Port Elizabeth. hi!. acuminatus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 66, §31)

Body large, not less than 12 mm. long. Pronotum punctured, never with round granules. Elytra bare to sparsely setiferous, without erect bristles, with sharply carinate primary costa, smooth (and not micro- shagreened) cuticle, smooth and bare (neither ciliate nor crenulate) pseudo- nleural carina. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 145 KEY TO SPECIES 1. Pronotum with very dense, confluent, more or less longitudinal, rugose, punctation; the intervals between punctures longitudinally rugose to subgranular. 2 Pronotum with round, well-separated punctures; the latter from sparse to rather dense, when the intervals between punctures are plane and not rugose. 13 2. Lateral interval of elytra irregularly granulated over entire surface, with the granules often becoming more concentrated on median stripe and submarginal depression of sides. 3 Lateral interval o( elytra smooth, except for the narrow and very densely granulated median stripe and submarginal depression of sides. 12 3. Pronotum with the intervals between punctures forming more or less lengthy longitudinal rugosities. 4 Pronotum with the intervals between punctures small, roundish to subgranular, but not grown together to longitudinal rugosities. aigoensis sp. nov. (p. 153) 4. Granules on elytra with rather long, conspicuous yellowish bristles; apex of suture without large hiatus. 5 Granules on elytra either microscopically setiferous or with longer, well-visible bristles, when the apex of suture is strongly gaping and includes a large hiatus. 6 5. Body broad, with convex e1ytra. Pronotum on each side of median line with smooth, fenestrate patches. Scutellum with a few setiferous, coarse punctures apically. The carinate suture on elytra distinctly divided only basally, but on distal portion without discernible division and therefore appearing as if raised to a single, sharp crest. suturaiifer sp. nov. (p. 151) Body slender, with flattened elytra. Pronotum with uniform, continuous and dense sculpture, becoming smooth only on median line. Scutellum smooth and bare apically. The carinate suture distinctly divided from base to apex. purcelli sp. nov. (p. 151) 6. Body smaller, 13 to 17 mm. long. Antennae with fine, short, rather scattered, depressed pilosity. Pronotum flattened, with finer, elongate longitudinal sculpture; in dorsal view the lateral carina sharply defining the lateral outlines of pronotum. Elytra strongly flattened, with moderately raised primary costa and suture; the latter (in caudal view) not prominent; upper contours of dorsal interval (in caudal view) almost horizontally straight. The pseudopleural margination (in dorsal view) with sharply defined, distinctly reflected carina. Legs slender and sparsely setiferous. In the ｾ＠ usually the middle of basal sternite of abdomen with more or less raised, longitudinal callus of ｣ｯｮｾ＠ glomerated granules. 7 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 146 1. MOLURINI Body large, 17 to 20 mm. long. Antennae with dense, stiff squarrose pilosity. Pronotum strongly convex, with very coarse, shorter, more granular sculpture; in dorsal view, the episternum of pr6sternum distinctly projecting from below to beyond lateral carina posteriorly. Elytra convex, with strongly raised primary costa and suture; the latter (in caudal view) very prominent and sharply dividing the concave upper contours of both dorsal intervals. The pseudopleural margination (in dorsal view) appearing as a simple outline of elytra, not carinate and not reflected. Legs robust, densely covered with whitish bristles. In the d' the middle of basal sternite of abdomen flat and simply granulated. vansonianus sp. nov. (p. 154) 7. Granulation on elytra irregular, sometimes on midline of dorsal and lateral intervals arranged in a more or less distinct single row of granules, which is not or is hardly more shiny than remaining surface. 8 Dorsal and lateral intervals on elytra each with a distinct, shiny median stripe of concentrated granules. 11 8. Elytra less strongly depressed; apex of suture without distinct hiatus. Antennae shorter, not extending much beyond pronotal base. acuminatus (Quensel) (p. 149) Elytra very strongly depressed, with almost horizontal apical portion; apex of suture with large hiatus. Antennae long, extending considerably beyond pronotal base. 9 9. Pronotum broadest distinctly behind middle; anterior margin emarginated, but straight at middle section. 10 Pronotum broadest at or a little in front of middle; anterior margin bi-sinuate, with distinctly produced and arcuate middle section. hisinuatus sp. nov. (p. 155) 10. Lateral interval of elytra very strongly depressed, much broader than dorsal interval; elytral granules microscopically setiferous, with length of bristles about equal to length of diameter of granules. In the 3' the intercoxal process of basal sternite of abdomen sharply separated from distal portion of sternite by a deep, transverse sulcus; the posterior margin of intercoxal process with dentiform projecting median lobe; the middle of distal portion of sternite with a convex patch of sharply raised, round granules. caviventris sp. nov. (p. 158) Lateral interval of elytra less strongly depressed, only moderately broader than dorsal interval; elytral granules with conspicuous bristles, which are considerably longer than diameter of granules. In the 3' the basal sternite normal and together with intercoxal. apophysis, flat, with very dense, transversely confluent granulation on middle. nollothensis sp. nov. (p. 158) 11. Legs, antennae and maxillary palpi black. punctiger (Haag) (p. 156) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 147

Legs, antennae and maxillary palpi testaceous. corallipes sp. nov. (p. 157) 12. Dorsal interval of elytra with granulated median row plus a fine, granulated row just below the crest and on inner declivity of primary costa; the median row on lateral interval closely approximated to the granulated submarginal depression; granules with rather long, fine bristles, which are considerably longer than diameter of granUles. Apex of suture with large hiatus, the elytra therefore bi-caudate, with the apex of each elytron distinctly produced backwards. hirundo sp. nov. (p. 159) Dorsal interval of elytra only with granulated median row; the median row on lateral interval situated at about midline of the smooth portion and only moderately approximated to the granulated, submarginal depression; granules with microscopically short bristles, which are barely longer than diameter of granules. Apex of suture with or without hiatus, but in the former case the apex of elytra not bi-caudate. praephallatus sp. nov. (p. 161) 13. Elytra granulated, dull to sericeous, at most with alternate and slightly shiny stripes, never with metallic sheen. 14 Elytra either more or less densely tuberculated and at least with scattered, small tubercles posteriorly, or if not tuberculated, then strongly shiny or with a distinct bronzy to metallic sheen. 19 14. Submarginal depression of elytra dull to sericeous, with even background of cuticle and fine, round, scattered granules; lateral interval slightly broader than dorsal interval; pseudopleural margination (in dorsal view) sharply carinate and distinctly demarcated from submarginal depression. 15 Submarginal depression of elytra shiny, with uneven, transversely rugose background of cuticle and dense, transversely more or less confluent, slightly pointed, irregularly shaped, coarse granules; lateral interval almost one-and-a-half times as broad as dorsal interval; pseudopleural margination (in dorsal view) not sharply carinate and obsoletely demarcated from submarginal depression. 18 15. Pronotum bare. Elytra with sericeous cuticle and on both intervals with slightly tectiform median rows, producing stripe-like, very opaque, black, velvety reflections, alternating with less opaque, somewhat greyish reflections. 16 Pronotum with scattered, rather long, whitish bristles on lateral portions. Elytra with uniform, non-sericeous cuticle and without alternate reflections; median rows on intervals absent or feebly indicated by scattered, fine granules, arising from the plane background of surface. 17 16. Pronotum with broadly rounded and dilated sides, densely and rugosely punctured on lateral portions. Tibiae black. In the 0- the underside of intermediate tibiae without apical brush. karrooensis sp. nov. (p. 164)

11 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 148 I. MOLURINI Pronotum with straightly and subangularly dilated sides, covered with uniform, coarse, scattered punctures over entire surface. Tibiae with reddish proximal portion. In the 6 the underside of intermediate tibiae with apical brush. georgensis sp. nov. (p. 166) 17. Body large, 17 to 21 mm. long. Antennae longer, extending well beyond pro notal base. Pronotum subangularly dilated, with distinctly depressed sides, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytra slender, elongate, practically subparallel. moerens (Haag) (p. 162) Body small, 12!- mm. long. Antennae shorter, extending only a little beyond pronotal base. Pronotum rounded and dilated, without submarginal depression, finely and densely punctured. Elytra broader, short, distinctly rounded laterally. albanyensis sp. nov. (p. 164) 18. Pronotum in the 6 slender, one-and-a-half times as broad as long, about one-and-a-half times as broad as head, with strong submarginal depression, sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytra slender, shoulderless; primary costa and suture very strongly raised; dorsal and lateral intervals without or with flat median rows; the submarginal depression dilated, about as broad as lateral interval. cohaerens sp. nov. (p. 166) Pronotum in the 6 much broader, more than two-thirds broader than long, about twice as broad as head, not depressed laterally, with finer and denser punctures. Elytra broad, with rectangularly rounded shoulders; primary costa and suture moderately raised; dorsal and lateral intervals with slightly tectiform median rows; the submarginal depression considerably narrower than lateral interval. transmontanus sp. nov. (p. 167) 19. Elytra shiny, bare and never with metallic sheen. 20 Elytra either black, dull, and pilose only in the ｾＬ＠ or sericeous, with metallic to bronzy sheen, and pilose in both sexes. 22 20. Elytra flattened, coarsely punctured, not tuberculated and not dimorphic, in the ｾ＠ exhibiting the same shape and sculpture as in the 6; supplementary costulae and suture smoothed, broadly obtuse and continuously convex; lateral interval considerably narrower than dorsal interval. nitens (Peringuey) (p. 171) Elytra more or less, in the ｾ＠ always, strongly convex, densely tuberculated, in the 6 of namaquensis smoothed, but with fine, small, slightly pointed tubercles at least posteriorly; dimorphic in shape and often also in sculpture; without or with slightly indicated supplementary costulae, which are tuberculated; suture tectiform to carinate; lateral interval broader to slightly narrower than dorsal interval. 21 21. Elytra not dimorphic in sculpture, in both sexes densely covered with pointed tubercles, intermixed with scattered, fine granules; apical declivity densely tuberculated; no supplementary costulae; Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 149 suture tectiform; lateral interval about as broad as dorsal interval or slightly narrower. In the 6 the underside of posterior tibiae with subtomentose, yellowish stripe. adventitus Ｈｰ･ｲｩｮｧｾ･ｹＩ＠ (p. 169) Elytra strongly dimorphic in sculpture, in the ｾ＠ densely tuberculated and granulated, in the 6 smoothed, with small, more or less scattered tubercles, intermixed with granular punctures; apical declivity with scattered, setiferous granules; supplementary costulae distinctly indicated; suture carinate; lateral interval distinctly broader than dorsal interval. In the 6 the posterior tibiae simple. namaquensis sp. nov. (p. 170) 22. Body larger, 15 to 18 mm. long; upper surface with a bronzy to greenish metallic sheen. Pronotum and elytra in both sexes with sparse, rather long, depressed bristles. Elytra smooth in the 6; with more distinct, but flattened, large, roundish tubercles in the ｾＮ＠ malaisei sp. nov. (p. 172) Body smaller, 12 to 15! mm. long; upper surface black, without metallic sheen. Pronotum and elytra pilose only in the ｾＮ＠ Elytra strongly dimorphic, in the 6 with only a few, very fine, granuliform tubercles posteriorly, in the ｾ＠ with numerous, rather large, obtuse and roundish tubercles between the rather elongate setiferous granules. dimorphus sp. nov.· (p. 172)

Subgroup of acuminatus (Quensel) Pronotum with rugosely confluent, usually longitudinal punctation. Inflexed alae on ventral surface of apicale of aedeagus not dilated pre- apically, with entire groove therefore open. Diffused over the whole distribution range of subgenus.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) acuminatus (Quensel)

• 1806 Sepidium acuminatum Quensel, p. 130, pi. 3, fig. 1 ＨｾＩＮ＠ 1843 Trachynotus acuminatus Solier, pp. 317, 324 (reprint pp. 105, 112).-1873 Haag, pp. 7, 14.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3681. PI. XVIII, fig. 1; text-fig. 113. Head densely and rugosely punctured on vertex. Pronotum flattened, about two-thirds broader than long, in the 6 a little narrower, broadest distinctly behind middle, with evenly rounded, rather strongly dilated sides. Anterior margin emarginated, with middle portion straight. Integument very densely covered with rugose, longitudinally confluent punctures, leaving exposed only a small smooth patch on midline anteriorly; with fine, rather long, yellowish to whitish hairs, which become more dense and slightly longer on lateral portions. Inner portion of episternum of prosternum with dense, fine granules. Elytra distinctly broader than pronotum, in the 6 only a little more elongate than in the ｾＬ＠ covered uniformly with very fine, dense, microscopically setiferous granules; cuticle with uniform, sericeous sheen. Shoulders briefly rounded. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 150 I. MOLURINI

c B A A 113 114 FIG. 113.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) acuminatus (Quensel, 1806).- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface. FIG. 114.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) purcelli sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface.

Both supplementary costulae indicated by slightly tectiform, fine convexities, the dorsal costula with a row of very fine granules. Suture little raised, but sharply carinate. Apex of suture without or with only a minute hiatus. Anal sternite with extremely fine, obsolescent margination laterally. In the 6 the longitudinal callus on middle of basal sternite densely granulated on posterior half, the middle of second sternite with a small longitudinal patch of aggregated granules on posterior half; the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with strong, whitish apical brush, the underside of posterior tibiae with a long, fine, subtomentose stripe of yellowish hairs. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 113)-Apicale about as long as basale, slender, slightly constricted at middle, with barely acuminate apex; dorsal surface with fine median division and on about middle with a characteristic, elongately oval, more or less deep impression. Penis subparallel, with long, narrowed, curved and obtusely pointed apex; outer surface convex, with scarcely discernible median canaliculation. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 13 to 1St mm., width 5 to 6t mm., height 3* to 4t mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Caput b. sp.". Type probably in Museum Stock- holm (t). No further records. . (t) Acuminatus was described in C. J. Schonherr's "Synonymia Insectorum". Horn, in his history of entomological collections, reports Schonherr's collection as being preserved in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 151 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Cape Peninsula and adjacent region of the South-Western Cape Province, close to the coast from Saldanha Bay to Cape Agulhas. From September to November. LOCALITIFS.-Cape Province.---Cape Town Distr. (1): Cape Town (S).- Bellville Distr. (4): Cape Flats, Zeekoevlei and Blaauwberg (S).-Simons- town Distr. (3): Simonstown (S).-Somerset West Distr. (12): Strand (St).-Stellenbosch Distr. (11): Stellenbosch (T, St).-Bredasdorp Distr. (15): Zoetendals Vlei (T).-Hopefield Distr. (6): Hopefield and Langebaan (St); Saldanha Bay (S). Somaticus (Acromaticus) purcell; sp. nov. Text-fig. 114. Closely related to acuminatus. Head and antennae as in this species. Pronotum of similar shape and sculpture, but broadest at middle, very densely and longitudinally rugose, with scattered, stout, shorter, yellowish bristles; discal convexity stronger. Elytra shorter, less attenuate apically, with well-developed and broadly rounded shoulders, covered rather densely with long, yellowish bristles, which are arranged in more or less longitudinal rows; cuticle with strongly sericeous sheen and alternate opaque and slightly shiny, ｳｴｲｩｰ･Ｍｬｩｫｾ＠ｾ･ｦｩ･｣ｴｩｯｮｳ＠ｾ＠ granulation fine and uniform. Supplementary costulae dIstInctly tectiform; suture strongly raised, prominent in caudal view. Abdomen densely punctured; in the 0' the longitudinal callus on middle of basal sternite strongly raised and densely granulated throughout, the granulated patch on middle of second sternite small. Tibiae brownish to reddish, in the 0' the underside of posterior tibiae without tomentose stripe. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 114)-Similar to acuminatus, but the apicale with less abruptly narrowed apical portion, the apex obtusely pointed and not acuminate, and the dorsal surface without impression on middle and with abbreviated median division. Penis more slender, with narrowly rounded apex. DlMENSIONs.-Length IIi to IIi mm., width 5 mm., height 3 to 3i mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Worcester Distr. (10): Touwsriver, 1896 (W. F. Purcell) (2 0'0', types in South Mrican Museum). DEDlcATIoN.-Named in memory of the late Dr. W. F. Purcell.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) suturalifer sp. nov. Q: Upper surface dull, pilose. Head rugos.ely punctured, with scattered, depressed, yellowish bristles. Inter-ocular space about three times as broad as length of eyes. Genae indistinctly separated from epistome. Pronotum twice as broad as long, broadest at about middle, with evenly, strongly' rounded, depressed sides. Integument covered rather densely with fine, longitudinal punctures and rugosities, leaving exposed some fenestrate patches along midline and on lateral portions; with scattered, rather long, yellowish bristles. Episternum of prosternum with dense, longitudinal, sharp, setiferous rugosities. Scutellum with a few coarse, setiferous punctures apically. Elytra strongly convex, distinctly broader than pronotum, with broadly rounded shoulders, not attenuate apically, with fine granules and rather long, yellowish bristles. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle or slightly approximated to suture; supplementary costulae absent or barely indicated; suture Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced VI -tv

FIG. 115. Distribution and phylogeny of the S. (Acromaticus). (Caption see opposite page).

ｾ＠ a;: o t"'" C ｾ＠ｾ＠

/ ...... ｾ＠ .. ＢＬｾＯＮＮＮＭｾｾＮ＠ /c/Ｎｾ＠ -----,..... ｾ＠ ...... ,..,.(§ . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) I. Somaticus 153 sharply carinate, with both carinae practically fused on distal portion. Lateral interval steep, dorsal interval with a few slightly marked, transverse impressions. Abdomen with very fine, sparse punctures, except for the ｭｩ､ｾｬ･＠ of basal sternite, which is finely granulated; anal sternite iJD11larginate. Tibiae with brownish proximal portion, underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush .. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 12l to 14-!- mm., 'Width 5-!- to 7 mm., height 3t to 4% mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Bredasdorp Distr. (15): Bredasdorp (H. Fry, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in South African Museum).-Caledon Distr. (13): Houw Hoek (w. F. Purcell, I ｾＬ＠ S). Somaticus (Acromaticus) algoensis sp. nov. Very closely related to karrooensis. Upper surface dull. Head as in karrooensis, but the genae less sharply separated from epistome and the vertex with very dense, coarse punctures. Pronotum, except for the fine, smooth median line, with extremely dense, roundish, fine punctures, which are in close contact with each other and partially confluent; intervals between punctures reduced to narrow, fine, sharply raised, subgranular rugosities, but ·not longitudinally confluent; bristles on lateral portions very scattered, short, but distinct. Elytra as in karrooensis, but the dorsal interval in both sexes a little narrower than lateral interval, the cuticle in the ｾ＠ uniformly dull, without sericeous stripes, with the granules finer and slightly more concentrated. In the d' the middle of basal sternite of abdomen with longitudinal callus, as in karrooensis. Tibiae often more or less reddish to brownish. AEDEAGus.-Apicale stout, slightly constricted at middle, with gradually narrowed, not demarcated, blunt to obtusely pointed, feebly curved apex; dorsal surface with deep median division and with an extremely fine

FIG. 1I5.-Distribution and phylogeny of the S. (Acromaticus).-O: acuminatus- group :-minuscules = subgroup of acuminatus (a= acuminatus; b= punctiger; c= coral- !ires; d=hirundo; e=bisinuatus; f=vansonianus; g=praephallatus praephallatus; g =praephallatus frigidorae; h=nollothensis; i=caviventris; k=suturaliJer; I=purcelli; m=algoensis);--capitals=subgroup of moerens (A=transmontanus; B=georgensis; C = cohaerens; D= karrooensis; E = albanyensis; F = moerens);-roman numbers=subgroup of adventitus (I=adventitus; lI=nitens; III=namaquensis; IV= malaisei; V =dimorphus).-O: scaber-group.-b,: !icinoides-group. The red colour indicates sympatric occurrence of: a, b at Langebaan; b, c, d btwn. Leipoldville and Elands Bay; I, III, e at Van Rhynsdorp; II, III, IV, V at NieuwoudtviIle and Augusfontein; I, II at Garies; g, h, i at Port Nolloth; C, D at Willowmore. The black lines indicate proved or traceable (?) phylogenetic relationship between the concerned species: ...... chain of the species which are directly related to acuminatus; ---- the two closely related species hirundo and praephallatus; the species of the moerens-subgroup; 111111111111111: " " adventitus-subgroup; ｾＺ＠ traceable connections between the licinoides-group and moerens- subgroup; -.-.-.-: probable connections between the scaber-group and acuminatus- subgroup. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced IS4 I. MOLURINI

median canaliculation. Penis subparallel, with straight, flattened and rounded apex; outer surface with shallow median sulcus on pre-apical portion. DlMENSIoNs.-Length 13 to 1St mm., width st to 7 mm., height 4 to Stmm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Eastern Cape Province. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-:-Port Elizabeth Distr. ＨＳｾＩＺ＠ Algoa Bay (H. Brauns, 1 6, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ types m Transvaal Museum).--:-Ultenhage Distr. (32): Uitenhage (D); Dunbrody (T, S, A); Sundays River (T).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) vansonianus sp. nov.

Text-fig. 116. 6: Upper surface dull. Head, epistome included, covered densely with sharp, confluent rugosities, and with scattered, rather long whitish bristles. Inter-ocular space two-thirds broader than length of eyes. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Pronotum cordiform, strongly convex, broadest distinctly in front of middle, about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with strongly rounded, subangularly dilated sides, and with distinct submarginal depression. Middle portion of anterior emargination almost straight, sometimes with a minute incision at middle. Posterior angles almost rectangular. Integument covered very densely with short, longitudinal, confluent, subgranular rugosities, leaving exposed a narrow, smoothed median line; with scattered whitish bristles on lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum with longitudinally confluent rugosities on inner three q»arters. Elytra elongate, shoulderless, slightly broader than pro no tum, with stripe-like, sericeous reflections along suture, primary costa and midline of lateral interval. Apex of suture without hiatus. Pseudopleura with sharply raised, scattered granules. Abdomen rather densely granulated, with the granules changing into punctures on anal sternite and becoming coarser on middle of basal sternite. Legs long, robust; underside of anterior tibiae with strongly developed distal brush, that of intermediate tibiae with small apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 116)-Apicale slightly constricted at middle, with robust, but acuminate, prolonged apex; dorsal surface convex, with the median division confined to apical portion. Penis slightly dilated pre- apically, with strongly curved, obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with distinct, fine sulcus on apex; inner groove with a sci erotized, shiny plate on distal half, absent in all the other species of S. (Acromaticus). DlMENSloNs.-Length 17 to 20 mm., width 6-!- to 7! mm., height S to Si mm. DISTRIBUTloN.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhyn's Pass, Bokkeveld Mountains, XI. 1933 (G. van Son, 2 66, types in Trans- vaal Museum), XI. 1931 (l. looste, 1 6, B). REMARK.-This new species is rather different from the other Nama- qualand-species, resembling the karrooensis-allies of the subgroup of moerens. DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Dr. G. van Son, Transvaal Museum. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 155

c A 116 117 FIG. 116.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) vansonianus sp.nov.-Penis, outer surface. FIG. 117.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) bisinuatus sp.nov.-A = apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) bisinuatus sp. nov. Text-fig. II7. Resembling acuminatus, but elongate, more slender and more strongly attenuate apically. Upper surface shiny, with a faint aenescent sheen on anterior body above, very opaque on elytra. Head as in acuminatus, but slightly more hypognathous, with larger eyes. Pronotum broadest a little behind middle, more strongly convex, one-and-a-half (6') to one- and-two-thirds times ＨｾＩ＠ as broad as long, feebly cordiform, with strongly rounded and dilated sides, which are faintly sinuate posteriorly. Anterior margin distinctly bi-sinuate, with produced lateral angles. Integument with very dense, elongate, longitudinally confluent, coarse rugosities, in the'6' sparsely, in the ｾ＠ more densely setiferous. Episternum of prosternum with extremely dense, rather coarse, longitudinally confluent granulation. Elytra elongate, slender, in the 6' only slightly broader than pronotum. Integument with dense, fine granules, which are more concentrated on midline of dorsal interval and on submarginal depression; pilosity dimorphic, with the bristles in the 6' only slightly longer than diameter of granules, in the ｾ＠ conspicuous, denser and about three to four times as long as diameter of granules. Primary costa and suture shiny and sharply carinate, the latter (in caudal view) only slightly prominent. Apex of suture with distinct hiatus. Abdomen as in acuminatus, but strongly attenuate apically, more convex, with finely and sharply Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 156 I. MOLURINI

marginate sides of anal sternite. In the (J the middle of basal sternite with moderately convex, densely granulated callus, that of second sternite with longitudinal, rather large, densely granulated patch. Legs longer thin, with elongate tarsi. In the (J the underside of all tibiae with tomen: tose, pale stripe on distal half, in the ｾ＠ the underside of anterior tibiae with strong apical brush. AEDEAGUs.--{text-fig. 117}-Apicale slender, long, strongly and narrowed almost straightly from base to apical portion, with abruptly demarcated, prolonged, acuminate, subparallel apex; dorsal surface with the gaping median division confined to extreme apex. Penis slender constricted at middle, with curved and rather sharply pointed apex: outer surface shiny, strongly convex. ' DIMENSIONs.-Length 141 to 15 mm., width 5-1- to 51- mm., height 3-1- to 31- mm. DISTRIBUTloN.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhyns- dorp, VIIL1927 (G. van Son & H. Brauns, 1 ＮＨｊｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) punctiger (Haag)

• 1873 Trachynotus punctiger Haag, pp. 8, 15.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien p. 273, no. 3682.' , Text-fig. 118. Very closelY,allied to acuminatus. Upper surface in part shiny. Head rugosely punctured, except for the smooth epistome; with fine, scattered, whitish bristles. Inter-ocular space one-and-a-half times ((J) to twice ＨｾＩ＠ as broad as length of eyes. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Antennae very long, with prolonged apical joint. Pronotum flattened, cordiform in both sexes, but in the ｾ＠ more transverse than in the (J; broadest at about middle, with strongly rounded and dilated sides, about two-thirds broader than long. Anterior margin more or less distinctly bi-sinuate, with slightly produced middle portion. Posterior angles obtuse. Integument very densely covered with a substriolate sculpture, rugosely punctured on depressed lateral portions; with scattered, short, less conspicuous, whitish bristles. Episternum of pro sternum broadly smoothed laterally, with more or less dense granulation on inner two- thirds. Elytra elongate, shoulderless, in the (J- flattened and only slightly broader than pronotum, in the ｾ＠ transverse. Primary costa sharply carinate, but moderately prominent; supplementary costulae well defined, formed by a complete, shiny median stripe of aggregated granules on either interval. Integument with strong, stripe-like, alternate sericeous reflections, covered rather densely with sharp, microscopically setiferous granules, which are concentrated on median stripes of intervals and sometimes transversely confluent on submarginal depression. Apex of suture with wide, almost rectangular hiatus. Abdomen with very fine, scattered punctures on three distal sternites and dense, fine, longitudinal wrinkles on proximal sternites; the latter in the (J- with longitudinal patch of fine, aggregated granules on middle. Legs very long; in the (J the underside of all tibiae with subtomentosewhitish stripe. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 157

B A t18 119 FIG. 118.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) punctiger (Haag, I 873).-A = . apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface.

FIG. I19.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) cora//jpes sp.nov.-Apica\e, dorsal surface.

AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 118)-Very similar to bisinuatus, but the apicale more robust, on dorsal surface with shallow median sulcus distally. Penis sharply pointed apically. DIMENSIoNs.-Length nt to ·16 mm., width 4t to 6 mm., height 3:1- to 4 mm. (according to Haag, 11 mm. long). TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Type, according to Haag, in Museum Berlin. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Western part of the South-Western Cape Province, partially sympatric with acuminatus. In September and October. LoCALITIES.-Cape Province.-ClanwilIiam Distr. (39): btwn. Leipoldt- ville and Elands Bay (S); Clanwilliam (St).-Piketberg Distr. (38): Veldrift (St).-Hopefield Distr. (6): Langebaan (St).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) corallipes sp. nov. PI. XVIII, fig. 2; text-fig. 119. Very closely related to punctiger. Pronotum less flattened, more strongly cordiform and more coarsely sculptured, with the anterior margin more distinctly produced at middle. Elytra as in punctiger, but with the sericeous reflections less velvety and with a row of dense granules Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 158 I. MOLURINI along suture. Abdomen more shiny, with convex longitudinal patches of granules on proximal sternites in the 6. Legs more robust than in punctiger, with longer tibial spines and calcaria. The colour of appendages always testaceous to red, whereas the appendages are constantly black in punctiger. AEDEAGUs.-{text-fig. 119)-Almost identical with punctiger. The apicale stouter and more strongly sinuate pre-apically, as in the penis' apical sulcus on outer surface of penis stronger. . , DIMENSIONs.-Length 14i to 17 mm., width 4% to 6t mm., height 3 to 4 mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Western part of the South-Western Cape Province and practically sympatric with punctiger. Found on sub- littoral sand, close to the shore. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Clanwilliam Distr. (39): £lands Bay, XI. 1948 (Univ. California-Transvaal Mus. Exped., 9 spec., types in Transvaal Museum).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) caviventris sp. nov. Text-fig. 120. Closely related to bisinuatus. Upper surface of anterior body shiny and elytra very opaque, except for the moderately shiny lateral portions. Head as in bisinuatus, but the antennae extremely long, extending well beyond basal quarter of elytra, compressed, with enlarged apical segment. Pronotum slender, narrower than in bisinuatus, only about one-third broader than long, broadest distinctly behind middle, with very short, sparse bristles, covered densely with coarse, confluent, longitudinal rugosities on'disc and there appearing as if substriolated, densely reticulate on lateral portions. Anterior margin rather strongly emarginated, but with straight middle portion and therefore not bi-sinuate; anterior carina broad and smooth. Elytra shoulderless, broader than pronotum, with more strongly rounded sides. Sculpture very similar to bisinuatus, but without any indication of supplementary costulae and with less dense, but more strongly raised granules. In the 6, middle of second sternite with distinctly raised, longitudinal and very densely granulated callus. Legs as in bisinuatus; the basal portion of tibiae brownish to reddish, the posterior tibiae shiny and sparsely punctured, in the 6 the subtomentose stripes on underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae broader. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 120)-Similar to nollothensis, but the apicale with less produced, obtusely pointed apex and plane, not impressed dorsal surface. Penis broader, with slightly curved, sharply pointed apex. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12i rom., width 4t mm., height about 3 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (l00): Oograbies, IX. 1950 (c. Koch & G. van Son, 1 6, holotype in Transvaal Museum).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) nollothensis sp. nov. Text-fig. 121. Very closely related to caviventris. Head coarsely and densely punctured. Pronotum a little more elongate, not substriolated, with very dense, rugose punctation, which is only briefly longitudinal. Elytra very similar, but less strongly flattened, more distinctly attenuate apically, covered Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 159 with finer and more scattered granules, from which emerge rather long, depressed yellowish bristles. Apex of suture with the same large hiatus as in caviventris. In the 6 middle of two basal sternites not convex, but plane and covered with an extremely dense, fine granulation, forming indistinct transverse rOws. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 121)-Small. Apicale distinctly shorter than basale, narrowed strongly and in a straight line from base to apex, without demarcated apical portion; apex narrow and produced, but with converging lateral outlines; dorsal surface with obsolescent median sulcus on middle. Penis thin, subparallel, with curved, sharply pointed apex; outer surface without obvious median canaliculation. DIMENSloNs.-Length 11 t mm., width 4t mm., height 3;!- rom. DISTRIBUTION.-North-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (100): Port NolJoth, VIII. 1890 (16, holotype in South African Museum).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) hirundo sp. nov. PI. XI, fig. 2; ｴ･ｸｴｾｦｩｧＮ＠ 122. Black, the appendages sometimes partially or entirely reddish to testaceous (var. rubripes nov.). Head coarsely and rugosely punctured, with rather dense, long, whitish bristles anteriorly. Eyes large and convex. Antennae elongate, extending well beyond elytral base; apical segment strongly elongate, fusiform, considerably longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum slender, slightly convex, broadest distinctly behind middle, only about one-and-a-half times as broad as long or less, with moderately rounded and dilated sides, but the posterior constriction straight, with often a very narrow portion of episternum of prosternum projecting from below to beyond lateral carina. Anterior margin shaped as in nollothensis and caviventris, viz. broadly carinate, rather strongly emarginated, with straight and non-prolongate median portion of emar- . gination. Sides along lateral carina with very narrow, but strongly shiny submarginal canaliculation, becoming slightly broadened and more distinct behind median dilation. Integument with smooth, shiny, narrow longitudinal patch on midline; coarsely and densely substriolated on disc, and rugosely punctured on sides; bristles scattered, rather long and of a silvery tint. Prosternum, together with episternum, with scattered, rather long, whitish bristles, the episternum with longitudinally confiuent, fine, subrugose granulation on inner two-thirds, broadly smooth and shiny on submarginal third. Elytra shoulderless, only slightly broader than pronotum, elongate and attenuate apically, less fiattened than in caviventris, with very opaque, velvety even stripes, alternating with shiny, granulated odd stripes. Primary costa sharply raised, suture carinate; supplementary rows densely granulated, with short, whitish bristles. Median row on dorsal interval broad, the granulated row on inner declivity of primary costa narrower; lateral row very narrow, c10sely approximated to the broad, shiny submarginal depression; the latter with more or less transversely confluent, dense granules. Apex smooth and bi-caudate. Scutellum coarsely and densely punctured, with polished middle. Abdomen shiny. with very short, scattered, fine bristles and with slightly subgranular, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 160 I. MOLURINI

120 121 122 FIG. 120.--':'Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) caviventris sp.nov.-Apicale, dorsal surface. FIG. 121.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) nollothensis sp.nov.-Apicale, dorsal surface. FIG. 122.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) hirundo sp.nov.-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

scattered punctures on proximal sternites; in the 6 the middle of basal sternite with a feebly raised, small patch of aggregated granules. In the 6 the underside of all tibiae with a fine, subtomentose, whitish, distal stripe. AEDEAGus.-{text-fig. 122)-Smal1. The apicale considerably shorter than basale, narrowed strongly and straightly from base to apical portion, with sharply demarcated, very narrow, produced, subparallel apex; dorsal surface convex, with slightly indicated median impression on middle, and with the median division gaping apically and confined to apical portion. Penis slightly dilated pre-apically, with faintly demarcated, curved, obtuse apex; outer surface convex, without median canaliculation. DlMENSloNs.-Length 14 to 16 mm., width 4 to 4i mm., height 2i to 3imm. DISTRlBUTloN.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Clanwilliam Distr. (39): btwn. Leipoldt- ville and Elands Bay, X. 1947 (Mus. Exped., collected together with Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 161 punctiger, 3 66, holo- and para types, among which one is a specimen of var. rubripes, with entirely red appendages, in South Mrican Museum); Elands Bay, XI. 1948 (Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., collected together with corallipes, 1 ｾＬ＠ allotype in Transvaal Museum); Graafwater, X. 1947 (Mus: Exped., I 6, S); Clanwilliam, X. 1948 (D. T. Engelbrecht, 1 ｾＬ＠ St). REMARKS.-The new species is a striking case of convergent and sympatric development, resembling to a great extent S. (Acromaticus) punctiger, and with its var. rubripes agreeing with S. (Acromaticus) corallipes even in the entirely red appendages.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) praephal/atus sp. nov. PI. XVIII, fig. 3; text-fig. 123. Very closely resembling hirundo, but with the aedeagus extraordinarily differentiated. Appendages always black, eyes a little larger and slightly more strongly projecting from lateral outlines of head, the apical segment of antennae not elongate, a little shorter than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum less slender and a little more flattened, with broader submarginal depression and more distinctly reflected lateral carina, but with almost identical sculpture. Elytra of similar shape and costal arrangement, only a little" less flattened, without additional granular row on inner declivity of primary costa, with fine, scattered, well-separated granulation on submarginal depression, and with often gaping, but not distinctly bi-caudate apex. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 123)-Distinct from all the other Somaticus by the unique structure of the dorsal surface of apicale. Apicale short, stout, distinctly constricted at middle, with abruptly demarcated, well produced, thin, gaping and spiniform apices; dorsal surface strongly compressed, with almost vertical and dilated lateral portions, which are carinated below, and with a deep excavation on distal half, delimited laterally by sharply raised, fine and sinuate carinae, representing the continuation of the carinate, spiniform apices; ventral surface as in text-fig. 123. Penis robust, subparallel, narrowed towards apical portion, with strongly curved, obtusely pointed apex; outer surface convex, without discernible canaliculation. DISTRIBUTJON.-North-Western Cape Province. SUBSPECIES Body larger. Elytra with widely open hiatus at apex of suture, the apex of each elytron triangular; median row on lateral interval from almost absent to distinct. Aedeagus broader, with longer apices of apicale. praephal/atus praephal/atus nov.

DIMENSIONS.-Length 14i to 17 mm., width 4i to Sf mm., height 3 to 3f mm. LOCALlTY.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (loa): Hondeklip Bay, XI. 1933 (G. van Son. 2 cici. holo- and paratypes in Transvaal Museum); Soebats- fontein. XI. 1933 (G. van Son, 1 c!. T). Body smaller. Elytra without or with only minute hiatus at apex of suture; apices not produced; median row on lateral interval broad, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 162 I. MOLURINI

I I I f I o

FIG. 123.-Aedeagus of Som(lticus (Acromaticus) praepha//atus praephallatus ssp.nov.-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=apicale, lateral I view; D=penis, outer surface.

densely granulated. Aedeagus more slender, with shorter apices of apicale. praephallatus frigidorae ssp. nov.

DIMENSIONs.-Length 131 to 15t mm., width 4 to 5 mm., height 3 to 3* mm. LOCALlTY.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (l00): Port Nolloth, XI. 1948 (Univ. California·Transv. Mus. Exped., 9 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). Subgroup of moerens (Haag) Pro no tum with round, well-separated punctation. Elytra more or less dull, uniformly granulated. Infiexed alae on ventral surface of apicale of aedeagus often strongly dilated pre-apically and covering groove. Confined to the Southern and South-Eastern Cape Province.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) moerens (Haag)

• 1879 Trachynotus moerens Haag, p. 294.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 276, no. 3724. PI. XIX, fig. 1; text-fig. 124. Black; almost dull; setiferous. Head rather densely punctured, with scattered, short, pale bristles on vertex and around eyes, becoming longer on convex front and epistome. Eyes large, broadly reniform, in the !i! about as long as genae, in the tS much longer, with the inter-ocular space about one-and-a-half times as broad as length of eyes. Genae sharply Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 163

I I C

FIG. 124.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus} moerens (Haag, 1879).-A = apicaie, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

separated from epistome. Pronotum broadest at about middle, one-and- a-half to one-and-two-thirds times as broad as long, in the 0- narrower than in the ｾＬ＠ rather strongly and subangularly rounded and dilated, with moderately depressed sides. Anterior margin in the ｾ＠ shallowly, in the 3 more strongly emarginated. Posterior angles obtuse, slightly produced backwards. Integument with smoothed median line, covered densely with coarse, setiferous punctures, with the bristles becoming longer, denser and more distinct on depressed lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum with dense, fine, elongate, setiferous granules, except for the smooth submarginal area. Elytra slender, in the 3 more elongate than in the ｾＬ＠ only slightly broader than pronotum. Integument covered uniformly and densely with a fine, setiferous granulation. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle; dorsal costula indicated by a feeble longitudinal convexity, with a row of fine granules; no lateral costula; suture sharply carinate and prominent in caudal view. Lateral interval only slightly narrower than the dorsal interval (3) or about as broad as the latter ＨｾＩＬ＠ rather flattened in the 3, a little more raised in the ｾ［＠ submarginaJ depression broad. Shoulders rounded. Pseudopleura with fine, scattered, setiferous granules. Abdomen with fine, more or less granular, very scattered punctures on intermediate sternites, densely punctured and setiferous on anal sternite; the basal sternite in the ｾ＠ with longitudinally confluent, densely granular sculpture, in the 3 with strongly raised, longitudinal callus On middle, covered with aggregated sharpJy raised, round and shiny granules. Legs robust and long. In the 3 the underside of anterior tibiae with broad, yellowish distal brush, the underside of intermediate tibiae with concentrated pale pilosity on apex. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 124}-Large. Apicale distinctly longer than

12 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the Publisher by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 164 I. MOLURINI bas ale, with strongly dilated, rounded pre-apical portion, and with short, but sharp apex; dorsal surface convex, distinctly constricted at middle, obsoletely sulcate on distal two-thirds, with depressed, coarsely punctured sides of pre-apical dilation, and deep, prolonged median division; ventral surface with sharply carinate sides of pre-apical dilation and convex, somewhat membraneous, strongly dilated inflexed alae, more or less covering groove. Penis subparallel, with slightly narrowed, barely curved, subtruncate to broadly rounded apex; outer surface with broad median sulcus on distal half; inner surface distinCtly grooved only proximally, the distal two-thirds covered .with an opaque, plane membrane. DIMENsIoNs.-Length 17t to 21 mm., width 6t to 8* mm., height 5 to 6-!- mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Grahamstown". Type probably in British Museum. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-South-Eastern Cape Province. From June to September. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Albany Distr. (35): Farm Resolution, near Fort Brown (A. Walton, T, S). Somaticus ( Acromaticus) alhanyensis sp. nov. Very closely related to moerens, but small and with a quite different aedeagus. Head as in moerens, with broadly ')moothed median patch on front. Antennae shorter, extending only a little beyond pronotal base. Pro no tum very similar, with finer punctation, slightly more dilated than in moerens, not depressed laterally, with only fine and narrow submarginal canaliculation. Granulation on episternum of prosternum more dense and coarser. Elytra shorter, broader, distinctly rounded laterally, with rather coarse and dense granulation. The median callus on basal sternite in the 3 less strongly raised. In the 3 only the underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush. AEDEAGUS.-Apicale stout, about as long as basale or a trifle shorter, constricted at middle, but without the strong and rounded pre-apical dilation, which is peculiar to moerens, with slightly produced, subtriangular apex; dorsal surface convex, punctured distally, with short median division; ventral surface with broadly dilated inflexed alae. Penis with the distal portion gradually narrowed towards apex, the latter moderately curved, narrow and rounded apically; outer surface with median canaliculation. DIMENSIONs.-Length 121; mm., width 5i mm., height 5 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Eastern Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Albany Distr. (35): Brakkloof, W. of Grahamstown, VI. 1893 (Mrs. G. White, 1 3, holotype in British Museum). Somaticus ( Acromaticus) karrooensis sp. nov. Text-fig. 125. Closely related to moerens. Body smaller, less convex. Head as in moerens, but with finer, less dense punctures and very short, sparse bristles only on anterior portion. Antennae more slender. Pronotum shiny to dull, strongly dimorphic, in the 3 much narrower and less strongly dilated laterally than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Integument with a narrowly impressed, fine, smoothed median line and with scattered to rather dense, but always well-separated, round punctures, becoming much more concentrated on lateral portions; practically bare, as the bristles on lateral portions are Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) Publisher (dated by the by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted Reproduced 1. Somaticus 165

B c

FIG. 125.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) karrooensis sp.nov.-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

only as long as the diameter of punctures. Elytra strongly depressed in the 3, convex in the ｾＬ＠ with the lateral interval distinctly broader than the dorsal interval in the 3, of similar width in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Both supplementary costulae well-marked by a complete, slightly tectiform longitudinal convexity. Cuticle with peculiar, stripe-like reflections of a very opaque velvety to sericeous black tint, alternating with stripes of a more shiny, non-sericeous greyish-black tint, more distinct in the 3 than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ The granulation is less dense and finer than in moerens. Abdomen as in moerens, but in the 3 the median callus on basal sternite with extremely aggregated, larger, more strongly raised granules, and middle of second sternite with a flat patch of some large granules. Tibiae black to brownish. In the ｾ＠ the underside of anterior tibiae with fine distal stripe of pale hairs, while there is only a small apical brush in the ｾ＠ of moerens. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 125)-Apicale about as long as basale, narrowed straightly and strongly from base to apex, with short, obtusely pointed apex; dorsal surface convex, sparsely punctured, with elongate median division; ventral surface with the inflexed alae impressed on apical quarter, slightly dilated, but not covering groove on proximal quarters. Penis broad, subparallel, with long, straight, very sharply pointed apex; outer surface tectiform along midline; inner surface broadly grooved. DIMENSIoNs.-Length Ilt to 15t mm., width 4t to 7 mm., height 3t to 4i mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-South-Central Cape Province. From June to October. LoCALITY.-Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore (H. Brauns, G. Kobrow, 39 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by 166 I. MOLURINI Somaticus (Acromaticus) georgensis sp. nov.

Very closely related to karrooensis, but the aedeagus different. Head as in this species. Eyes larger. Pronotum of similar shape, but shorter, with coarse and scattered punctures, and slightly subangular median dilation of sides. Granulation on episternum of prosternum more Con- centrated. Elytra very similar, the granulation more scattered and with short, but distinct bristles. In the 6 the longitudinal patch of conglomerated granules on middle of basal sternite almost flat. In the 6 the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with small apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-Large. Apicale as long as basale, strongly constricted at middle, with incipient pre-apical dilation and sharply pointed apex; dorsal surface with deep median division on apical quarter; ventral surface with sharply carinate sides on distal half and with broadly dilated, opaque inflexed alae. Penis broad, subparallel, with almost straight, broadly rounded apex; outer surface with broad median sulcus on distal third; inner surface as in moerens. DIMENSIONs.-Length 17 mm., width 6-1 mm., height 41 mm. DISTRlBUTION.-Southern Cape Province.-George Distr. (26), VIII. 1931 (c. Thorne, I 6, holotype in South African Museum). Somaticus (Acromaticus) cohaerens sp. nov. PI. XVIII, fig. 4; text-figs. 55 and 126. Upper surflJ.ce moderately shiny. Head as in moerens, but less pilose anterioriy, the punctures more scattered on vertex. Antennae longer. Pronotum very similar in shape to moerens, in the 6 much narrower than in the ｾＬ＠ rather strongly convex, depressed along sides, with strongly subangular dilation. Integument covered uniformly with coarse, more or less scattered punctures, except for the smooth and fine median line; bristles on depressed lateral portions barely longer than diameter of punctures. Episternum of prosternum with sparse, coarser, roundish granules. Elytra shoulderiess, narrowed almost straightly to base, in the 6 only slightly broader than pronotum, in the ｾ＠ likewise elongate, but considerably broader, moderately shiny, with the exception of a broad, opaque, somewhat sericeous longitudinal stripe, occupying the inner declivity of primary costa together with the adjacent inner one-half of lateral interval; the granules on this opaque portion finer and sparser than on remaining surface. Dorsal interval often with slightly rugose background of cuticle, with rather scattered, coarse granules. Lateral interval considerably broader than dorsal interval, with an obsolescent, narrow and smooth longitudinal depression along midline, delimiting the outer margin of the opaque stripe along primary costa; with fine, scattered granules on the latter, but shiny, coarsely granulated and with more or less transversely rugose cuticle on outer half, plus submarginal depression. Primary costa strongly raised; dorsal costula slightly indicated by a fine row of granules, and sometimes very feebly raised; lateral row replaced by the slightly sulciform median depression. Bristles on apical declivity rather long. Abdomen as in moerens, but the granulated callus of basal sternite in the 6 only feebly convex. Legs similar to moerens, but' the hairy brushes in the 6 of a whitish tint. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) under Gateway Sabinet Reproduced by 1. Somaticus .167

FIG. 126.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) cohaerens sp.nov.-A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 126)-Similar to georgensis, but the apicale distinctly longer than basale, with strongly dilated basal portion, barely dilated pre-apically, and with narrower apex; dorsal surface with the median division extending beyond middle; ventral surface with the inflexed alae not dilated distally. Penis as in georgensis, but the apex slightly curved, thin and strongly narrowed; inner surface grooved. DIMENSIONs.-Length 16 to 20 mm., width 6t to 8-!- mm., height 4t to 6:1: mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-South-Central Cape Province, sympatric with karrooensis: From May to November. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore (H. Brauns, Univ. California-Transv. Mus. Exped., 3 66, 7 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum).-George (26) and Uniondale Distrs. (28): btwn. George and Uniondale (S).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) transmontanus sp. nov.

Text-fig. 127. Closely related to cohaerens, but readily separable by the prominent and rectangularly rounded shoulders. Head narrower, with slightly larger eyes and sharply separated, more strongly produced epistome. Pronotum considerably broader, flattened, with broad submarginal depression, sparsely and rather coarsely punctured, but without secondary, fine Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 168 1. MOLURINI

c B '127 FIG, I 27.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) transmontanus sp.nov.-A = apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

punctures on intervals between primary punctures. Granulation on episternum of pro sternum finer. Elytra broader, strongly depressed, with similar sculpture, but granules only microscopically setiferous, the lateral costula distinctly tectiform, and the submarginal depression narrower. In the <:1 the median callus on basal sternite smaller and with finer, more obtuse granulation; the underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-Very similar to cohaerens, but the apicale distinctly shorter than basale, with shorter, triangular apex; infiexed alae on ventral surface distinctly dilated pre-apically. Penis broad, dilated pre-apically, with strongly curved, broadly rounded apex; outer surface with a broad, deep median sulcus, extending from apex to about middle; inner surface grooved. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14 mm., width 6-!- mm., height 3i- to 4 mm. DISTRIBUTON.-South-Western Cape Province.-Laingsburg Distr. (19): Matjesfontein (w. F. Purcell, I <:1, holotype in South Mrican Museum).

Subgroup of adventitus (Peringuey)

Pronotum with round, well-separated punctation. Elytra tuberculated or punctured, shiny, exceptionally dull. Infiexed alae on ventral surface of apicale of aedeagus always strongly dilated pre-apically and covering groove. Confined to the northern part of the South-Western Cape Pro- vince and into Little Namaqualand. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 169 Somaticus (Acromaticus) adventitus (Peringuey)

v. • 1899 Trachynotus adventitus Peringuey, p. 229.-'-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. ｾＷＲＬ＠ no. 3667. PI. V, fig. 8; text-fig. 128. Black, tibiae and tarsi brown to reddish-brown; head and pronotum sericeous, elytra shiny; practically bare. Head sparsely punctured, with a few short bristles on anterior portion. Eyes rather large, broadly reniform, longer than genae. Antennae slightly dilated apically. Pro- notum moderately convex, transverse, broadest at about middle, about two-thirds broader than long, with strongly rounded, barely depressed sides, carinate peripherally, but the marginal carina of base often evanescent ori middle. Anterior margin emarginate. Posterior angles obtuse. Integument with scattered, fine punctures. .Prosternum with short hairs, episternum with scattered, bare to briefly setiferous granules on inner portion. Elytra only slightly broader than pronotum in the c3', considerably broader in the ｾＬ＠ with rather steep, oblique ＨｾＩ＠ to slightly concave (c3') lateral interval, and flat (c3') to slightly convex ＨｾＩ＠ dorsal interval. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle (c3') or approximated to sides ＨｾＩ［＠ no supplementary costulae; suture tectiform. Integu- ment with dense, irregular, rather large, subdenticulate primary tubercles, and scattered, fine secondary granules; the tubercles sometimes indistinctly arranged longitudinally along midline of disc. Lateral interval about as broad as dorsal interval or a little narrower. Apical declivity covered rather densely with small tubercles. Shoulders absent or feebly rounded. 'Pseudopleura smooth. Abdomen finely, sparsely punctured, concentrated on anal sternite, granular on intercoxal process. Anal sternite with fine margination laterally. Legs robust, with elongate tarsi. The apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae of a yellowish to pale brownish tint, short in the ｾＬ＠ elongate in the c3'; in the latter also the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae with a subtomentose, fine, yellowish stripe, plus an apical brush on intermediate tibiae. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 128)-Apicale considerably longer than basale, slender, strongly dilated basally, slightly constricted at middle, with straightly narrowed, not acuminate, obtusely pointed apex; dorsal surface with scattered punctures and hairs, and with almost complete median sulcus, which becomes evanescent on basal quarter; ventral surface sharply carinate laterally on distal half, with strongly dilated, somewhat membraneous, opaque inflexed alae distally, covering groove. Penis robust, flattened, constricted at middle, narrowed straightly towards the sharply pointed and curved apex; outer surface with shallow, but broad median sulcus on apical third, tectiform on remaining thirds; inner surface with open groove and slightly dilated inflexed alae apically. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14t to 17 mm., width 6i to 9 mm., height 4i to 6 mm. - TYPE LOCALITY.-"Garies". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North- and Central-Western Cape Pro- vince. In August. LOCALlTlEs.-CMpe Province.-Little Namaqualand (100): Garies (S).- Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhynsdorp (T). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 170 1. MOLURINI

'; D E B

FIG. 128.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) adventitus (Peringuey, 1899).- A=apicale, ventral surface'; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface· D=penis, inner surface; E=penis, lateral view. '

Somaticus (Acromaticus) namaquensis sp. nov. PI. XIX, fig. 2. Closely related to adventitus. Head with coarser punctures, less sericeous, with rather dense, long bristles on anterior portion. Eyes larger, in the 3' only slightly shorter than width o'f inter-ocular space anteriorly. Antennae more elongate. Pro no tum less sericeous, sometimes shiny, with distinctly depressed sides, strongly dimorphic; in the 0- slender, about one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with more strongly dilated sides, in the ｾ＠ strongly transverse, shorter, almost twice as broad as long. Prosternum covered densely with rather long hairs, episternum with distinctly setiferous granules. Elytra strongly dimorphic in shape and sculpture, with the lateral interval being distinctly broader than dorsal interval, with distinct supplementary costulae and sharply carinate suture. In the 0- slender, elongate, with smoothed sculpture; primary tubercles small and practically confined to posterior half, the secondary granules partly changing into punctures; supplementary costulae formed by more or less marked, obtuse, shiny longitudinal convexities, bearing a few denticulate, small primary tubercles. In the ｾｭｵ｣ｨ＠ broader, with rounded shoulders, less strongly shiny, covered rather densely with sharp secondary granules and large primary tubercles; the latter more strongly raised and longitudinally arranged on the feebly indicated supplementary costulae. Apical declivity smoothed, with scattered, setiferous granules. Legs black, rarely with brown to reddish-brown tibiae. The underside of anterior tibiae in both sexes with strong, prolonged, whitish distal brush; in the 0- also the underside of intermediate tibiae with apical brush, but the posterior tibiae simple. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 171 AEDEAGus.-Similar to adventitus, but the apicale with prolonged, well- demarcated, subparallel and gaping apices, and with convex, even dorsal surface, the median division of which is confined to the apical portion. Penis with very sharply pointed, hair-like produced apex; the distal sulcus on outer surface very fine; inflexed alae on inner surface dilated at middle. DIMENSIONs.-Length 141 to 18t mm., width 6t to 10 mm., height 41 to 7 mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province; partially sympatric with adventitus. From July to September. LoCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Van Rhynsdorp Distr. (40): Van Rhyns- dorp (G. van Son and H. Brauns), 90'0', 14 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum); Vredendal (T).-Calvinia Distr. (41): Nieuwoudtville, Brandkop 2 0'0', with shiny pronotum (S).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) nitens (Peringuey)

V ... 1899 Trachynotus nitens Peringuey, p. 298.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3685. PI. V, fig. 2; text-fig. 129. Resembling the 0' of namaquensis, but with even less sculpture on upper surface, which is very shiny. Head as in namaquensis, but the eyes smaller, with the inter-ocular space considerably greater than ocular length. Pro- notum strongly dimorphic, similar to namaquensis, but the punctures on disc finer, becoming coarser on lateral portions. Sides less distinctly depressed. Episternum of prosternum with finer, more scattered, briefly setiferous granules. Elytra in both sexes slender, in the ｾ＠ only slightly more dilated than in the 0', with briefly rounded shoulders and the lateral interval distinctly narrower than the dorsal interval. Primary costa sharply raised; both supplementary costulae well developed, broadly obtuse, continuous and smooth; suture broadly smoothed and obtusely convex. Integument covered uniformly with rather dense, coarse punctures, becoming fine and somewhat granular on apical declivity. Pseudo- pleura smooth,· without distinct granulation. Intermediate sternites of abdomen almost smooth, the basal sternite not granular, the anal sternite with sharp lateral margination. Tibiae black. Underside of anterior tibiae simple in 'the ｾＬ＠ with strong, yellowish apical brush in the 0'; in the latter also the underside of intermediate and posterior tibiae with broad, subtomentose, yellowish stripe, but the intermediate tibiae without apical brush. ａｅｄｅａｇｕｓｾＭＨｴ･ｸｴＭｦｩｧＮ＠ 129)-Rather different from the two preceding species. Apicale stout, only feebly dilated basally and there slightly broader than pre-apically, with median constriction and conspicuous pre- apical dilation; apex strongly demarcated from pre-apical dilation, acuminate and obtusely pointed; dorsal surface with almost complete median sulcus, ending at short distance from base; ventral surface sharply carinate laterally on distal half, with strongly dilated, membraneous and opaque inflexed alae. Penis similar to adventitus, with sharply pointed, curved apex and deep median sulcus on distal third of outer surface. DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 to 20t mm., width 51 to 71 mm., height 3i to 4* mm. _ TYPE LOCALITY.-"Garies". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 172 I. MOLURINI DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North- and Central-Western Cape Pro- vince. In September. LocALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Little Namaqualand (IOO): Garies (S, T).-Calvinia Distr. (41): Augusfontein, near Calvinia (S).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) malaise; sp. nov. PI. XIX, fig. 3. Upper surface sericeous, with distinct aenescent to greenish metallic sheen; setiferous. Head as in namaquensis, but with the bristles encircling eyes. Eyes smaller, in both sexes with the inter-ocular space considerably broader than ocular length. Pronotum dimorphic, similar to namaquensis, but strongly convex, with broad submarginal depression, in the 0' slightly more transverse than in the 0' of namaquensis and with less strongly dilated sides, in the ｾ＠ less than twice as broad as long and broadest a little in front of middle. Integument not bare as in the other species of the adventitus-group, but with rather long, adherent bristles of a pale testaceous tint, concentrated on sides and base, scattered on the smoothed disc. Elytra as strongly dimorphic in shape as in namaquensis, but slightly less dilated in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Lateral interval narrower than dorsal interval. Primary costa sharply raised; supplementary costulae feebly indicated; suture carinate at least posteriorly. Integument with more or less tessellate patches of aggregated, adherent bristles of testaceous colour, arising from fine, asperous to granular punctures; in the 0' primary sculpture more strongly smoothed than in the ｾＬ＠ with only slightly convex supplementary costulae and reduced tessellate patches of bristles; in the ｾ＠ the supplementary costulae indicated by some smoothed, flattened, large, roundish tubercles, separating the densely pilose and larger tessellate patches of bristles. Apical declivity often with a few very small, granuliform tubercles. Abdomen as in nitens, but with more distinct punctation. Legs as in nit ens, but the underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush also in the ｾＮ＠ AEDEAGUs.-Very similar to nit ens, with the base of apicale slightly more strongly dilated, the median sulcus on dorsal surface of apicale abbreviated and ending at about middle, and the sharp apex of penis distinctly demarcated from pre-apical portion. DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 to 18 mm., width 61- to 8-!- )Ilm., height 4! to 6 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. Sympatric with nitens, namaquensis and dimorphus. LocALITY.-Cape Province.-Calvinia Distr. (41): Nieuwoudtville, VIII. 1928 (R. Brauns, 36 spec., types in Transvaal Museum). DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Dr. Rene Malaise, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm.

Somat;cus (Acromat;cus) dimorphus ·sp. nov. PI. XIX, figs. 4 and 5; text-fig. 130. Strikingly dimorphic. Upper surface slightly shiny and practically bare in the 0', opaque and setiferous in the ｾＺ＠ Head as in adventitus, almost bare. Antennae distinctly dilated apically, considerably longer in the 0' than in ｴｨ･ｾＮ＠ Pronotum of similar shape in both sexes and as in adventitus, ' in the 0' with finer, less dense punctures, bare, in the ｾ＠ with rather dense, distinctly coarser punctures and covered rather densely with short bristles Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 173

A 129 130 FlO. 129.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (-1cromaticus) nitens (Peringuey, 1899).- Apicale, ventral surface. FIG. 130.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Acromaticus) dimorphus sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface.

of a dark testaceous tint (being shorter than the bristles in malaisei). Underside of pro thorax as in namaquensis. Elytra in the 0- elongate and attenuate, in the ｾ＠ shorter and broad. In the 0- the lateral interval slightly concave and flattened, the dorsal interval flat; dorsal costula weakly indicated; integument with dense, extremely fine secondary granules and a few fine, granuliform primary tubercles, which are distinct 'on posterior portion. In the ｾ＠ the lateral interval steep and oblique, the dorsal interval slightly convex; .integument covered with a dense, partially aggregated, granular secondary sculpture, from which arise very fine, more or less tessellate patches of short, adherent bristles of a dark testaceous tint, similar to those in malaisei, but shorter; between these secondary granules are numerous, rather large, roundish, smooth, obtuse primary tubercles, which are scattered on lateral interval and more or less distinctly arranged longitudinally on midline of intervals. Abdomen as in namaquensis but in the 0- the middle of basal sternite slightly swollen longitudinally and covered densely with granules. Legs as in namaquensis, but the apical brush on underside of anterior tibiae very small in the ｾＮ＠ AEOEAGUs.--{text-fig. 130}-In shape similar to nitens and malaisei, stout and short. Apicale distinctly longer than basale. but with broadly rounded pre-apical dilation; the latter almost as broad as base of apicale or slightly broader; apex strongly demarcated from pre-apical dilation, acuminate, prolonged and subparallel; dorsal surface with shallow, but distinct median sulcus, reaching almost base posteriorly. Ventral surface as in the preceding species. Penis broad, subparallel, not constricted at Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 174 I. MOLURINI middle, with very sharply pointed, curved apex, deep median sulcus on distal portion of outer surface, and open groove on inner surface. DIMENSIoNs.-Length l}i to 15! mm., width 4t to 6! mill., height 3 to 4!mm. DlSTRIBUTION.-Northern part of the South-Western Cape Province. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Calvinia Distr. (41): Augusfontein; near Calvinia, IX. 1947 (Mus. Exped., 9 66, 10 ｾｾＬ＠ types in South African Museum). hj2. marlothi-group (cf. key of groups, p. 63, §25) Body large, more than 10 mm. long. Pronotum with scattered, round granules. Elytra with sharply carinate primary costa, supplementary rows of sparse, rather long, spiniform, testaceous, ｾｲ･｣ｴ＠ bristles, and with lengthy ciliate pseudopleural carina; integument covered densely with bi- colorous bristles between the shiny primary tubercles.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) marlothi sp. nov. PI. XI, fig. 3. ｾＺ＠ Head dull, rugosely punctured, sparsely setiferous, with two fine lateral stripes of scattered yellowish bristles in front of eyes, becoming strongly dilated anteriorly. Eyes large, much longer than broad, longer than genae, emarginated behind middle; supra-orbital margin distinctly auriculate and dilated. Genae not sharply separated from epistome. Pronotum strongly transverse, moderately convex, carinate peripherally, broadest in front of middle, about twice as broad as long, with broadly rounded and gila ted, but not depressed sides. Integument sericeous, except. for a broad and shiny median line; with scattered, fine, round granules on disc, becoming transverse on anterior portion and longitudinally rugose on lateral portions; with numerous, depressed, blunt bristles of a reddish-yellow colour, transverse in position on middle of disc. Anterior margin bi-sinuate, with slightly produced lateral angles. Pos- terior angles obtuse. Episternum of prosternum densely and elongately granulated;submarginal area smooth. Scutellum densely setiferous, with smooth and shiny middle. Elytra strongly convex, much broader than pronotum, with rounded shoulders. Primary costa and suture sharply carinate; the former prolonged posteriorly, curved towards suture a little below top of apical declivity and running subparallel with suture. Supple- mentary costulae weakly indicated by an obsolescent row of small tubercles. Lateral interval steep, oblique, distinctly narrower than dorsal interval, with broad submarginal depression. Integument shiny, covered irregularly with small, roundish tubercles and large, barely convex, smooth patches; vestiture rather dense, partially concealing the background of cuticle, composed of depressed, short, bi-coloured bristles, forming irregularly tessellate patches, yellowish on a broad sutural area and along inner half of lateral interval, greyish-white on remaining surface; the stiff, spiniform, erect bristles obsoletely arranged in longitudinal rows along each side of suture, on primary costa and supplementary costulae, as well as on pseudo pleural carina. Pseudopleura shiny. Abdomen with whitish, sparse, short bristles, densely and longitudinally granular on proximal sternites, sparsely punctured on distal two sternites. Anal sternite with deep marginal sulcus. Legs moderately long. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 175 DIMENSIONS.-Length 13i mm., width 7 mm., height 4t mm. DISTRIBUTION.-North- Western Cape Province.-Bushmanland, 1908 (J. Marloth, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in South Mrican Museum). DEDICATION.-Named in memory of the late Dr. J. Marloth, eminent South African Botanist.

h/3. scaber-group (cf. key of groups, p. 63, §25)

Body large, more than 10 mm. long. Pronotum with round granules on anterior portion. Elytra sparsely setiferous, with sharply carinate primary costa and double granulation, but without erect bristles. Pseudo- pleural carina bare, but crenulate. With an isolated species, which is distinctly related to the acuminatus- group and in particular to S. (Acromaticus) suturalifer.

Somaticus (Acromaticus) scaher (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus scaber Haag, pp. 6, 15.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 276,. no. 3723. Pl. XIII, fig. 3. Upper surface dull, with conspicuous, scattered bristles. Head moderately hypognathous, covered very densely with sharply raised, confluent rugosities and scattered, depressed, blunt yellowish bristles. Eyes rather small, longer than broad, but only slightly longer than genae, emarginated behind middle; the inter-ocular space four to five times as broad as length of eyes. Genae not sharply separated from epistome. Antennae short, not reaching pronotal base, barely accrescent, with scattered, stiff yellowish bristles; apical segment a trifle shorter than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum flattened on disc, strongly transverse, broadest a little in front of middle, one-and-two-thirds times to twice as broad as long, sharply carinate peripherally, with strongly rounded and broadly depressed sides. Anterior margin emarginated, with produced, lateral angles. Posterior angles obtuse and slightly produced backwards. Integument with narrow, smoothed median line, covered very densely with confluent punctures, the intervals between which are raised to slightly elongate, subgranular rugosities, forming scattered, round and sharp granules on anterior portion; with scattered, rather long, depressed yellowish bristles. Episternum of prosternum covered uniformly with very sharp, elongate, setiferous granules. Elytra broader than pronotum, with broad, almost rectangularly rounded shoulders and sharply carinate primary costa and suture. Lateral interval steep, oblique, distinctly broader than dorsal interval; the latter with feeble, transverse impressions. Integument with scattered, fine, round, sharply raised secondary granules, intermixed with sparse, coarse and much larger primary granules; yellowish bristles as on pronotum, but more concentrated. Apex of scutellum smooth, bare. Pseudopleural margination sharply crenulate to serrate. Abdomen sparsely punctured on distal sternites, becoming more dense and granular on middle of the two proximal sternites; in the 6' the middle of basal sternite with longitudinal patch of dense, very fine granules. Legs moderately long; tibiae simple in both sexes. AEDEAGus.-Not examined. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 176 1. MOLURINI DIMENSIONs.-Length lot to 12 mm., width 4t to 5-!- mm., height 3 to 3tmm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Central Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore, X. 1948 (Univ. California-Transvaal Mus. Exped., 20'0', collected as cadavers, T).

h/4. licinoides-group (cf. key of groups, p. 66, §34)

Body large, more than 10 mm. long. Pronotum punctured. Elytra with fine, obtuse primary costa, practically bare, with smooth cuticle between granulation; the lateral and dorsal costulae fine and obtuse, but as strongly developed as primary costa. Pseudopleural carina smooth and bare. A single and peculiar species, related to the subgroup of moerens, but with poorly developed, non-carinate primary costa on elytra, and in this character alone differing from all the preceding S. (Acromaticus).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) licinoides (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynolus licinoides Haag, pp. 7, 23.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3684. v. • 1899 Trachynolus rusticus Peringuey, p. 300.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3684a. Black; dull to slightly shiny; practically bare. Head moderately hypognathous, 'With dense, but well-separated, round punctures. Eyes rather small, longer than broad and longer than genae, emarginated behind middle. Epistome sharply separated from genae. Antennae moderately long, extending beyond pronotal base, accrescent, with the apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum moderately convex, broadest at or slightly in front of middle, in the 0' narrower than in the ｾＬ＠ one-and-a-half to one-and-two-thirds times as broad as long, sharply carinate peripherally, with fairly rounded, slightly depressed and, in the ｾＬ＠ more strongly dilated sides. Anterior margin emarginated, with broad carina. Posterior angles obtuse. Integu- ment with scattered, coarse, but shallow punctures on disc, becoming more concentrated on sides and slightly confluent to rugose on posterior half of lateral portions; without discernible bristles. Episternum of prosternum sparsely and finely granulated on inner two-thirds, with broadly smooth submarginal area. Elytra in the 0' slender, moderately broader than pronotum, in the ｾ＠ much broader and with more strongly rounded sides. Shoulders narrowly rounded to absent. Submarginal depression strong. Upper contours (in caudal view) continuously and strongly arcuate. Primary costa from weakly indicated to slightly convex, but always obtuse, as are the dorsal and lateral costulae; suture plane, often smoothed. Integument covered uniformly and rather densely with fine granules over entire surface, the costal elements included; microscopically setiferous. Abdomen with fine, sparse punctures, changing to a densely granular sculpture on middle of basal sternite. In the 0' the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with small apical brush. . AEDEAGUS.-Apicale considerably shorter than basale, stout and strongly narrowed in a straight line from base to apex; the latter obtuse; Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced J. Somaticus 177 dorsal surface punctured, with strong median sulcus on distal two-thirds; inflexed alae on ventral surface strongly dilated on distal half and there almost in contact with each other, covering groove. Penis robust, constricted at middle, with long, strongly curved, narrowed and rounded apex; outer surface plane, without median canaliculation; inner surface with broad open groove. DIMENSIONs.-Length 14 to 15! mm., width 6 to 7 mm., height 3i to 5trom. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further records, except for Malmesbury, the type locality of rusticus. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Southern part of the South-Western Cape Province. August. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Malmesbury Distr. (5): Malmesbury (S}.-Swellendam Distr. (17): Swellendam (St).

h/5. saxicola-group (cf. key of groups, p. 66, §33) Body small, only 8! mm. long. Pronotum punctured. Elytra with evanescent to very fine, but obtuse primary costa, without supplementary costulae, practically bare, with densely micro-shagreened cuticle between granules. Pseudopleural carina smooth and bare. With an isolated species, which is the north-easternmost representative of S. (Acromaticus) and disconnected in its distribution from the large and continuous range of the other Acromaticus. Morphologically separated abruptly from the latter by the evanescent and non-carinate plimary costa, which is closely approximated to sides, as well as by the- small size of body and the micro-shagreened cuticle of elytra. In the two last characters convergent with the practically sympatric barnardi-group of S. (Trachyderes).

Somaticus (Acromaticus) saxicola sp. nov.

PI. XVII, fig. 5. ｾ＠ : Black, the tarsi and proximal joints of antennae reddish-brown; bare; anterior body very shiny, elytra opaque. Head large, densely punctured, with the intervals between punctures raised into longitudinally confluent, sharp rugosities. Eyes small, roundish, longer than broad and longer than genae, scarcely emarginated by genal canthus above antero- inferior angle. Epistome sharply separated from genae, strongly produced and emarginated apically. Antennae considerably dilated apically, extending slightly beyond pronotal base; apical segment prolonged, much longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum rather strongly convex, sharply carinate peripherally, broadest a little in front of middle, slightly less than one-and-a-half times as broad as long, without submarginal. depression. rounded and fairly dilated laterally, almost straightly narrowed towards base. Anterior margin feebly bi-sinuate. Integument covered with a dense rather coarse punctation, scattered along midline, obsoletely smoothed on middle of anterior portion and concentrated, rugose to reticulate on lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum densely, sharply granulated. with smooth submarginal area. Elytra moderately broader than pronotum, with short, but rectangularly rounded shoulders. slij!;htlv rounded Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 178 1. MOLURINI sides and flattened disc. Primary costula closely approximated to sides, extremely fine, shiny to evanescent; no supplementary costulae; suture plane. Integument with densely micro-shagreened cuticle, covered rather densely with an extremely fine, flat, punctiform granulation and a few, very small, but a little more strongly raised and distinct primary granules, becoming coarser and more conspicuous on sloping lateral and apical portions. Pseudopleural margination with very fine, submarginal canaliculation, entirely visible from above. Legs rather long, shiny. DIMENSIONs.-Length 8-!- mm., width 3-1- mm., height Ii mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Cape Province. In August, found running on the rocks of a high hill. LOCALlTY.-Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pofadder (C. Koch & G. van Son, I ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). EASTERN GROUPS

1. Subgenus Tracheloeum Hope

1840 Tracheloeum Hope, p. 116.-1859 Lacordaire, p. 200. 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOSIS.-Head, together with pronotum, strongly sloping. Eyes rather small, usually broader than long, emarginated behind middle. Genae rarely well demarcated from epistome. Antennae accrescent, with pale pilosity; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment, rarely longer. Foraminal carina of prothoracic base not visible from above. Pronoturn from flattened to very strongly convex, large, with evenly rounded sides, punctured, sometimes with rugosely raised intervals between punctures, more or less densely setiferous, rarely with the background of cuticle concealed by bristles, carinate peripherally, but the basal carina often smoothed and obsolescent. Anterior margin more or less emarginated, rarely sub truncate, usually narrower than base. Elytra strongly convex, with sharply carinate primary costa, which in a single case (laticollis laticollis) is broadly smooth and obtuse; dorsal costa from absent to sharply carinate; lateral costula often indicated. Lateral interval usually broader than dorsal interval, rarely about as broad as the latter, never narrower. Integument often very variable within the same species, from smooth to punctured, granulated or tuberculated, more or less densely setiferous. Apex of scutellum smooth and bare to punctured and setiferous. Pseudopleural margination simple. Penis rather constantly with broad median sulcus on distal portion of outer surface. TYPE SPECIEs.-Tracheloeum laticolle Hope. - COMPOSITION.-15 species, composed of four groups, of which two (silphoides- and carinatus-groups) exhibit a carinate dorsal costa on elytra, apart from the always carinate primary costa. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-An isolated subgenus, which shows a distinct relationship only to the S. (Trichotrachys), from which, however, it is clearly separable by the pale pilosity of antennae. On account of the punctured pronotum, some of its species resemble to a certain extent the S. (Acromaticus), and in particular those of the adventitus-group (e.g. malaisei and nitens), but are readily distinguished by the subgeneric characters, as well as by the characters, mentioned in the key on page 57. DISTRIBUTION.-(red. on map 1)-Eastern.-From Southern Rhodesia through Transvaal, Orange Free State, Basutoland and Swaziland to Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 178 1. MOLURINI sides and flattened disc. Primary costula closely approximated to sides, extremely fine, shiny to evanescent; no supplementary costulae; suture plane. Integument with densely micro-shagreened cuticle, covered rather densely with an extremely fine, flat, punctiform granulation and a few, very small, but a little more strongly raised and distinct primary granules, becoming coarser and more conspicuous on sloping lateral and apical portions. Pseudopleural margination with very fine, submarginal canaliculation, entirely visible from above. Legs rather long, shiny. DIMENSIONs.-Length 8-!- mm., width 3-1- mm., height Ii mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Cape Province. In August, found running on the rocks of a high hill. LOCALlTY.-Cape Province.-Kenhardt Distr. (101): Pofadder (C. Koch & G. van Son, I ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). EASTERN GROUPS

1. Subgenus Tracheloeum Hope

1840 Tracheloeum Hope, p. 116.-1859 Lacordaire, p. 200. 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOSIS.-Head, together with pronotum, strongly sloping. Eyes rather small, usually broader than long, emarginated behind middle. Genae rarely well demarcated from epistome. Antennae accrescent, with pale pilosity; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment, rarely longer. Foraminal carina of prothoracic base not visible from above. Pronoturn from flattened to very strongly convex, large, with evenly rounded sides, punctured, sometimes with rugosely raised intervals between punctures, more or less densely setiferous, rarely with the background of cuticle concealed by bristles, carinate peripherally, but the basal carina often smoothed and obsolescent. Anterior margin more or less emarginated, rarely sub truncate, usually narrower than base. Elytra strongly convex, with sharply carinate primary costa, which in a single case (laticollis laticollis) is broadly smooth and obtuse; dorsal costa from absent to sharply carinate; lateral costula often indicated. Lateral interval usually broader than dorsal interval, rarely about as broad as the latter, never narrower. Integument often very variable within the same species, from smooth to punctured, granulated or tuberculated, more or less densely setiferous. Apex of scutellum smooth and bare to punctured and setiferous. Pseudopleural margination simple. Penis rather constantly with broad median sulcus on distal portion of outer surface. TYPE SPECIEs.-Tracheloeum laticolle Hope. - COMPOSITION.-15 species, composed of four groups, of which two (silphoides- and carinatus-groups) exhibit a carinate dorsal costa on elytra, apart from the always carinate primary costa. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-An isolated subgenus, which shows a distinct relationship only to the S. (Trichotrachys), from which, however, it is clearly separable by the pale pilosity of antennae. On account of the punctured pronotum, some of its species resemble to a certain extent the S. (Acromaticus), and in particular those of the adventitus-group (e.g. malaisei and nitens), but are readily distinguished by the subgeneric characters, as well as by the characters, mentioned in the key on page 57. DISTRIBUTION.-(red. on map 1)-Eastern.-From Southern Rhodesia through Transvaal, Orange Free State, Basutoland and Swaziland to Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 179 Natal, extending slightly into the eastern part of the Northern Cape Province, as well as into central parts of the Eastern Cape Province, as far South and West as the Willowmore District.

ill. laticollis-group (cf. key of groups, p. 65, §30) Pronotum broadest at or behind middle, sparsely punctured, with the basal carina obsolescent on middle. Apex of scutellum smooth and bare, Elytra with carinate, exceptionally obtuse, primary costa; the dorsal costa at least slightly indicated, but never carinate. Apicale of aedeagus shorter than basale; penis subparallel, with dilated apex. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Anal and penultimate sternites of abdomen punctured. In the ({ the underside of intermediate tibiae with apical brush. Apicale of aedeagus stout, considerably shorter than basale. 2 Anal and penultimate sternites of abdomen densely granular. In the ({ the underside of intermediate tibiae without apical brush. Apicale of aedeagus slender, only slightly shorter than basale. pretorianus sp. nov. (p. 182) 2. Primary costa on elytra not or only obsoletely prolonged posteriorly, without demarcated apical portion; dorsal costula complete, broad, obtuse, sometimes flattened; dorsal interval plane. laticollis (Hope) (p. 179) Primary costa on elytra prolonged posteriorly, with the sharply carinate apical portion rather abruptly bent inwards and running subparallel with suture; dorsal costula only slightly indicated, narrow and often interrupted; dorsal interval with distinct transverse impressions. dilatatus (Haag) (p. 182)

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) laticollis (Hope)

"' 1840 Tracheloeum lalicolle Hope, p. 116.-1859 Lacordaire, p. 200.-1870 Gem- minger & De Harold, p. 1901. sensu latiore PI. IV, fig. 15; Pi. XX, fig. 1; text-fig. 131. Upper surface from sericeous, metallic and setiferous to strongly shiny, black and practically bare. Head smooth, with scattered, fine, briefly setiferous punctures. Genae obsoletely separated from epistome. Antennae rather short. Pronotum very variable in shape, broadest behind middle, from one-and-a-half times to about twice as broad as long, with evenly rounded sides, which are more distinctly narrowed towards anterior margin than to base. Integument variable, with fine, scattered to rather dense punctation, usually leaving exposed fenestrate patches on lateral portions anteriorly; bristles scattered to dense, sometimes absent. Episternum of prosternum with longitudinal, fine, setiferous granules 13 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 180 1. MOLURINI

A o FIG. 13l.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) laticollis Iaticollis (Hope, 1840).- A=apicaie, dorsal surface; B= penis, inner surface; C=penis, lateral view; D= penis, outer surface.

on inner two-thirds. Elytra broad, considerably broader than pronotum, with rounded sides and strongly developed shoulders. Primary costa approximated to suture, from sharply carinate to obtuse, not or only obsoletely prolonged posteriorly; dorsal costula always well-marked, formed by an obtuse, rather broad, smooth longitudinal convexity; lateral costula usually indicated by a smooth, more or less convex, broad, longitudinal stripe, but often evanescent anteriorly, rarely absent alto- gether; suture smoothed, broadly and obtusely tectiform. Abdomen with more or less scattered, fine punctures on distal sternites, longitudinally wrinkled on three proximal sternites; in the 3 the disc of basal sternite covered densely with a conglomerated, abraded granulation. Legs rather short; the underside of anterior and intermediate tibiae with a small apical brush in the 5. AEDEAGUs.---{text-fig. 131)-Apicale narrowed from base to apex, without constriction at middle; apex short, rounded, with slightly gaping extreme apices; dorsal surface rather densely, coarsely punctured, with deep median division apically; ventral surface with open and pre-apically dilated groove. Penis subparallel, with curved and obtuse apex; outer surface with a deep, broad, median sulcus on distal third; inner surface with open groove, constricted by inflexed alae pre-apically, but broadened apically. DISTRIBUTION AND HABlTAT.-Transvaal, Orange Free State, Basuto- land, Swaziland, Natal and North-Eastern Cape Province. From April to JUly. REMARKs.-All authors subsequent to Hope, Lacordaire and Gem- minger & De Harold have declared laticollis a nomen nudum, because Hope did not give a specific description. This opinion is not correct, as Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 181

Hope described Tracheloeum as a monotypical genus, based on "Sepidium [atkolle Hope", which he called the "typical species". His description is sufficient for recognizing the present species, which is easily separable from all the other Tracheloeum by the "elytra fortissime sulcata, sutura et lineis ternis e1evatis conspicua, lineis neque basin nec apicem attin- gentibus" (Hope cit.). Laticollis exhibits an extreme variability, which appears to be due to the development of subtle geographic forms. The study of such forms requires far more material than is actually before me. I have therefore preferred to restrict the intra-specific division of laticollis to two constant, major geographic subspecies, although minor geographic forms can be traced within the latter.

SUBSPECIES

Primary costa obtuse, similar to the obtuse dorsal costula. laticollis laticollis (Hope)

In respect of the shape and width of body, sculpture and vestiture of upper surface geographically, but also individually, variable. The non-carinate but obtuse primary costa on elytra, as well as the structure of aedeagus are constant. Specimens with sericeous, metallic and setiferous elytra prevail at Pretoria. From Vereeniging I know of exclusively black, practically bare, strongly shiny individuals, with flattened costae. Specimens from Lyde'nburg are broader, with metallic surface predominant. All specimens examined are strictly allopatric with specimens of the subsp. laevis. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12i to 18 mm., width 6 to 101 mm., height 41 to 71 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cape of Good Hope". Type probably in University Museum, Oxford (Hope Dept.). No further records. LocALITIEs.-Transvaal.-Districts of Pretoria (17), Boksburg (22), Lyden- bUrg (42), Potchefstroom (15), Vereeniging (16) and Christiana (2) (T, S, St, A, L). Primary costa on elytra sharply carinate, the dorsal costula obtuse. laticollis laellis (Fahraeus)

v... 1870 Trachynotus laevis FAhraeus, p. 275.-1873 Haag, PP. 7,26.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3676. ' v ... 1870 Trachynotus glaber FAhraeus, p. 275.-1873 Haag, pp. 7, 16.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1920 Gebien, p. 94.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3677.-(syn. nov.) It is not possible to separate specifically either laevis from laticollis or glaber from laevis. While I have found laticollis well-separable subspecifically from laevis on account of the constantly different shape of the primary costa on elytra, I was unable to verify any constant differences between laevis and glaber. Though extreme varieties of laevis (viz. typical laevis with sericeous, setiferous and metallic elytra, as well as typical glaber with black, very shiny and bare e1ytra) appear to be distinctly different, even good species, the limits between these two varieties become completely obscured by a multitude of intermediate and transitional forms and individuals. The variability of the subsp. laevis is still more complicated than that of the subsp. /aticollis, with the exception of the constant development of the carinate (and never obtuse) primary costa on elytra. Specimens from Johannes- burg are very similar to /alicol/is from Pretoria, but black and dull individuals are not rare. Specimens from the Orange Free State, very variable in the shape of pronotum and width of elytra, tend to develop more black than Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 182 I. MOLURINI

metallic shades, with the black specimens usually more strongly shining than those from ｊｯｨ｡ｾｮ･ｳ｢ｵｲｧＮ＠ Specimens from Natal, Zululand and Basutoland, usually exhibit a polished and very black pattern. The aedeagus of all these varieties is practically identical. DlMENSIONs.-Length 141 to 22-1 mm., width 7-1 to 12-1 mm., height 5-1 to 71 mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (1). No further records. LOCALlTIEs.-Transvaal.-Johannesburg Distr. (20) (T).-Orange Free State.-Districts of Vredefort (21), Winburg (19), Kroonstad (23), Bothaville (18), Fouriesburg (27) and Smithfield (12) (T, S).-Basutoland.-Maseru Distr. (6): Mamathes and Mahlatsa (T).-North-Eastern Cape Province.-Districts of Barkly East (116), Lady Grey (114) and Aliwal North (113) St, R, S, A).- Natal.-Districts of Durban (18) and Nqutu (28) (St, Z and in coll. Newton). Somaticus (Tracheloeum) dilatatus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus dilatatus Haag, pp. 8, 25.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 272, no. 3670 ..

Very closely resembling laticollis and probably only subspecifically distinct. Differing from laticollis by the more dense punctation on anterior body and the sculpture on elytra. The primary costa is more strongly raised and sharply prolonged posteriorly; suture strongly raised and sharply carinate; dorsal interval with slightly indicated, narrow costula and uneven, transversely impressed cuticle; lateral interval without supplementary costuJa, often with slight and irregular transverse impressions. AEDEAGUs.-FaIIing within the range of variability of laticollis. ｄｉｍｂｎｓｉＰｎｾＮＭｌ･ｮｧｴｨ＠ 17} to 20 mm., width 8i to lIt mm., height 5i to 8 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Eastern Cape Province; al10patric with laticollis. LOCALITIEs.-Cape Province.-Districts of Kentani (91) and Engcobo (86) (S).

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) pretorianus sp. nov. Text-fig. 132. Closely related to laticollis. Upper surface black, dull, uniformly setiferous. Head with very fine and scattered setiferous punctures. Antennae stout. Pronotum strongly transverse, about twice as broad as long, broadest a little behind middle, with strongly rounded and dilated sides. Integument with very fine, rather sCattered, setiferous punctures, leaving exposed numerous bare patches on disc, becoming more concentrated on lateral portions. Apex of scutellum smooth. Elytra broad, with broadly rounded shoulders, covered with very fine, moderately dense, setiferous punctures, with the bristles either rather uniformly spread over entire surface or forming aggregated patches. Primary c:osta fine, sharply carinate, with abruptly ending or sometimes prolonged apex; dorsal costula from feebly indicated to absent; suture narrowly smoothed to finely carinate. Dorsal interval with sh3.11ow, more or less distinct transverse impressions and sometimes slight transverse rugosities. Abdomen covered densely with a vermiculate, confluent Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 183

A B C D FIG. 132.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) pretorianus sp.nov.-A= apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicaJe, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface; D=penis, inner surface.

granular sculpture, aggregated on middle of proximal sternites in the cr. Legs robust, the underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush in the cr. AEDEAGUs.--{text-fig. 132)-Very similar to laticollis, but the ,apicale slender, longer, with subparallel distal half and strongly demarcated, briefly spiniform, gaping apices. Apex of penis obtusely pointed. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Transvaal. Partially sympatric with iaticollis, but probably a species of the bushveld. From April to August.

SUBSPECIES Elytra less strongly convex, with uniform vestiture; primary costa abbreviated posteriorly, abruptly ending on top of apical declivity. pretorianus pretorianus nov.

DIMENSIONS.-Length 161 to 18t mm., width 8* to 10! mm., height 6 to Bmm. LocALmES.-Central Transvaa/.-Pretoria Distr. (17): Pretoria-Brooklyn (G. van Son, 5 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Pretoria (G. van Son, A. J. T. Janse, T); Hartebeestpoort (C. Coombs, T). Elytra strongly convex, broader, with tessellate pilosity; primary costa prolonged posteriorly and extending beyond top of apical declivity, with the apical portion bent inwards and subparallel with suture. pretorianus bushveldeus ssp. nov. DrMENsIONs.-Length IB to 20 mm., width 101 to Ilmm., height n to Bt mm. LOCALITIEs.-Eastern and Northern Transvaal.-Belfast Distr. (33): Waterval (A. l. T. lanse, 1

i/2. maculosus.group (cf. key of groups, p. 64, §29)

Pronotum broadest at or in front of middle, densely to rugosely punc· , tured, with complete basal carina. Apex of scutellum punctured and seti· ferous. Elytra with carinate primary costa; dorsal costula absent. Apicale of aedeagus shorter than basale; penis with more or less spoon·shaped apical portion. .

KEY TO SPECIES

Elytra with the suture finely carinate from base to about top of apical declivity, not or only slightly gaping basally and there without shiny inner surface between carinulae; primary costa not prolonged posteriorly, with simple apex; vestiture practically uniform, dense, sometimes with a few small, bare patches. . maculosus (Fahraeus) (p. 184) Elytra with the suture sharply carinate from base almost to apex, broadly gaping basally and there with shiny, concave inner surface between carinulae; primary costa prolonged posteriorly, with the apex curved inwards and subparallel with suture; vestiture broadly tessellate. /ahraeusi sp. nov. (p. 185)

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) maculosus (Fa,hraeus)

v. • 1870 T':achynotus maculosus Fiihraeus, p. 276.-1873 Haag, pp. 6, 27.-1910' Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gehie{\., p. 275, no. ｾＷ｜ｾＮ＠ PI. XX, fig. 2; text·fig. 133. Black, dull, covered densely with a yellowish and a reddish·brown pilosity, concealing parts of the background of cuticle. Head densely punctured, setiferous. Genae obsoletely separated from epistome. Antennae rather elongate, with the apical segment a trifle longer than pre·penultimate segment. Pronotum broadest at about middle, two· thirds broader than long, with dilated and depressed sides. Integument with a dense, rugose punctation, sometimes leaving exposed a small fenestrate patch on each side of middle anteriorly; vestiture very dense, almost concealing the background of cuticle, sometimes with obsolescent, small, bare patches. Posterior angles obtuse. Apex of scutellum densely punctured, setiferous. Elytra broad, granulated, covered densely with a uniform pilosity, sometimes with small, irregular, bare patches, as on pronotum. Primary costa sharply carinate, not prolonged posteriorly, ending abruptly a little beyond top of apical declivity; suture sharply carinate, sometimes narrowly gaping basally. Abdomen densely punc· tured on proximal sternites, with scattered punctation on distal ones; in the d' the middle of basal and second sternites with aggregated, trans· versely confluent, subgranular sculpture. Legs rather long; in the d' the underside of anterior tibiae with distal stripe, the underside of inter· mediate tibiae with apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-(text·fig. 133)-Similar to laticollis. The apicale slightly more dilated basally, with more slender apex and fine sculpture on dorsal Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 185 surface. Penis strongly constricted pre-apically and with a somewhat spoon-shaped, elongately oval, broadly rounded apex; outer surface with flattened and densely striolated proximal three-quarters, with the broad median sulcus and inner surface as in laticallis. DrMENSIONs.-Length 11 t to 13t mm., width S-} to 7t mm., height 4 to st mm. TYPE LOCALITy.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DrSTRIBUTION.-North-Western Transvaal. Allopatric with all the other species of group;' LOCALITY.-Transvaal.-Rustenburg Distr. (12) (T).

Somllticus (TrllcheJoeum) jllhrlleusi sp. nov.

PI. XX, fig. 3 ; text-fig. 134. Black; dull; covered densely with tessellate patches of bi-coloured bristles. Head ､･ｮｾ･ｬｹ＠ punctured, setiferous, with the bristles encircling eyes. Genae separated from epistome by a broad sinuosity. Antennae moderately long; the apical segment usually slightly longer than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum moderately convex, transverse, broadest l at or a little in front .of middle, about two-thirds broader than long, with strongly, almost subangularly dilated and depressed sides. Integument with a dense, coarse, round to transversely rugose punctation, leaving exposed a smooth fenestrate patch on either side of midline on anterior half; bristles usually uniform and barely longer than diameter of punctures. In one case (var. M. signatus nov.) the bristles are longer, forming concentrated patches, alternating with bare portions, and grown together to aM-like design on middle of posterior half. Episternum of prosternum with dense, fine, setiferous granulation. Apex of scutellum densely punctured, setiferous. Elytra broad, covered with rather scattered, setiferous granules, which are coarse and concentrated on basal portion, becoming gradually finer and scattered on posterior portion; bristles forming tessellate patches, especially along primary costa, and with a large, round, ocellate patch situated outwards from and close to the apex of primary costa. Primary costa sharply carinate, prolonged posteriorly, with the apex approximated to and running subparallel with suture; suture sharply carinate, broadly gaping basally, with shiny, concave inner surface behind scutellum. Dorsal interval with slight transverse impressions. Abdomen densely punctured and covered with pale, dense bristles; in the d' the middle of basal sternite densely granulated. Legs moderately long; in the d' the underside of anterior tibiae with a whitish distal stripe, and the underside of intermediate tibiae with very small apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 134)-Similar to maculasus. The dorsal surface of apicale more coarsely punctured; apex faintly demarcated, with deep, gaping median division, sometimes with rather long, forceps-like apices. Penis as in maculosus, the spoon-shaped apical portion slightly broader and shorter. DIMENSIONs.-Length lJi- to 17! mm., width 7 to 9!- mm., height Sl- to 6i mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern Transvaal, Southern Rhodesia and Orange Free State. From March to May. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 186 I. MOLURINI

I . B C A 134 133 B FIG. 133.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) maculosus (FAhraeus, 1870).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, inner surface; . D=penis, outer surface. Flo. 134.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) fahraeusi var. M-signatus nov.- A=apicale with enclosed penis; apicale, dorsal surface, and penis, inner surface; B=apicale with enclosed penis; apicale, ventral surface, and penis, outer surface.

LOCALlTIES.-Transvaal.-Waterberg Distr. (38): Junction Marico and Limpopo Rivers (A. Eriksson, 4 spec., types in South African Museum); Pretoria Distr. (17): Pretoria (R. P. van Reerden, I a, holotype of var. M-signatus ex University Stellenbosch in Transvaal Museum).-Southern Rhodesia.-Mashonaland (R. Pillans, S).-Orange Free State.-Districts of Botbaville (18) and Kroonstad (23) (T). A further paratype without specified locality in Museum Stockholm.

ij3. vittiger-group (cf. key of groups, p. 64, §29) Similar to the maculosus-group, but the pronotum strongly convex, with the lateral carina strongly sinuate in front of posterior angles; the elytra with shiny background of cuticle beneath the very dense vestiture; the suture strikingly gaping basally and embracing the produced apex of scutellum; and the apicale of aedeagus extraordinarily prolonged, about . two-thirds longer than the basale. Elytra as in the maculosus-group, with sharply carinate primary but without supplementary costae. . Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 1. Somaticus 187 KEY TO SPECIES

Entire pronotum covered with a uniform layer of yellowish bristles. Dorsal interval of elytra with a longitudinal stripe of continuous, dense, yellowish bristles; suture gaping from base to about top of apical declivity. vittiger (Haag) (p. 187)

Pronotum with a setiferous design, leaving exposed large portions of the background of cuticle. Dorsal interval of elytra with irregular, transversely arcuate fasciae of dense, yellowish bristles; suture gaping from base to about middle of disc. I contractus (Haag) (p. 189)

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) vittiger (Haag)

.. 1873 Trachynotus vittiger Haag, pp. 5, 22.-1910 Gebien, p. 166.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3711. PI. XX, fig. 4; text-fig. 135. Upper surface of body covered densely with a pale, adherent, setiferous vestiture, almost completely concealing the background of cuticle. Head moderately hypognathous, with narrow, bare median line, densely and sharply rugose beneath the dense layer of yellowish bristles. Eyes convex, longer than broad, about as long as genae, emarginated a little behind middle. Genae separated from epistome by a small sinuosity at anterior margin of the deeply impressed clypeal sutures. Antennae stout, barely accrescent, densely pilose, extending slightly beyond pronotal base; apical segment a little longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum strongly convex, transverse, broadest distinctly in front of middle, about twice as broad as long, with depressed and evenly dilated sides, very finely carinate peripherally, but the basal margination often obsolescent. Anterior margin bi-sinuate, with produced anterior angles. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) strongly sinuate and bent upwards in front of the depressed posterior angles. Integument covered densely with a layer of adherent yellowish bristles, which are intermixed with scattered testaceous bristles on lateral portions; beneath pilosity with extremely dense punctation, with the margins of punctures granularly raised. Epi- sternum of prosternum densely, sharply granulated, covered with dense yellowish bristles, but with broad, smooth submarginal area. Scutellum uniformly clothed with yellowish bristles, the strongly produced, triangular apex included. Elytra strongly convex, broader than pronotum, with moderately rounded shoulders and broadly rounded apex. Integument with dense, slightly darker yellowish bristles, concealing large portions of the shiny cuticle and arranged in broad, longitudinal stripes. Primary costa sharply carinate, strongly raised, approximated to suture and not prolonged apically; suture sharply carinate, with the carinulae divided on proximal two-thirds, becoming gradually more strongly gaping towards scutellum and enclosing a concave shiny, sntooth surface. Lateral interval much broader than dorsal interval, rather steep, but convex; in caudal view forming strongly and continuously arcuate upper contours together with dorsal interval. Submarginal depression broad. Inner two-thirds of pseudopleura densely setiferous. Abdomen setiferous, the distal sternites with fine, scattered punctures, the proximal sternites densely Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 188 I. MOLURINI

B C

A FIG. 135.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) vittiger (Haag, J873).-A=apicale and basale, dorsal surface; B=penis, inner surface; C=penis, outer surface; D= apicale, ventral surface.

granular. Legs moderately long, covered densely with pale bristles; in the 0- the underside of anterior tibiae with strong apical brush, the underside of intermediate tibiae with punctiform apical patch of pale hairs. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 135)-Long. Apicale about two-thirds longer than basale, feebly narrowed from base to a short pre-apical dilation, slightly constricted at middle, with long, straightly narrowed, broad apical portion and widely gaping, robust, obtuse apices; dorsal surface punctured, with prolonged median division and fine median carinula on distal three-quarters; ventral surface with strongly dilated inflexed alae, in contact with each other along middle and leaving groove exposed only apically and basaUy. Penis robust, slightly narrowed distally, with straight, obtusely rounded apex; outer surface opaque on median portion, densely micro-sculptured and carinate laterally, with complete, deep, apically broadened median sulcus; inner surface with a broad open groove, constricted by infiexed alae only pre-apically. DlMENSIONs.-Length 12 to 13 mm., width 51 to 6! mm., height 3-1 to 5* mm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 1. Somaticus 189 TYPE LOCALITY.-"Diamond Fields"· (= Kimberley). Type probably in British Museum. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-NortherIl Cape Province. July. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Kimberley Distr. (129): Kimberley (S, T). Somaticus (Trache/oeum) contractus (Haag)

* 1873 Trachynotus contractus Haag, pp. 6, 27.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3712. PI. XI, fig. 4. Closely related to vittiger, but with different vestiture on upper surface. Head as in this species, but with eyes less convex and with the dense pilosity resolved into tessellate patches. Pronotum of similar shape, covered very densely with coarse, rugosely confluent punctures; the con- ｧｬｯｭ･ｲ｡ｴｾ､＠ patches of yellowish bristles forming a M-like design on middle of posterior half (very similar to the pattern of S. [Tracheloeum] fahraeusi var. M-signatus), as well as longitudinal stripes on either side of M-like design, and irregularly tessellate patches on lateral portions. Base emarginated and transversely impressed. Shape of elytra and costal arrangement similar, but the primary costa finer and the suture with sharp, but fine carinulae, widely gaping only on basal third. The dense yellowish bristles forming irregular, transversely arcuate, alternate fasciae on dorsal interval, roundish to transverse and dense patches on lateral interval. Underside and legs as in vittiger, but in the c:J only the underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush. AEDEAGUS.-Similar to vittiger. The median carinula on dorsal surface of apicale distinctly canaliculate, the median sulcus on outer surface of penis finer, but broadly excavate on apical portion, and the inner groove abruptly ending at a considerable distance from apical orifice. DlMENSIONs.-Length 13 to 14-!- mm., width 6t to 7t mm., height 4:l- to Stmm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". The single holotype in Museum Berlin. No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Northern Cape Province, north of the range of vittiger. LOCALITY.-Cape Province.-Barkly West Distr. (128): Hartz River, 1898 (G. Alston, S).

i/4. silphoides-group (cf. key of groups, p. 62, §23)

Similar to the laticollis-group, but the elytra with sharply carinate primary plus dorsal costae, the dorsal interval broader than the lateral interval or at most as broad as the latter, and often with shiny, more or less convex tubercles or transverse ridges between granulation; the pronotum constantly broadest behind middle, and apex of scutellum with setiferous punctures. In the c:J the middle of basal sternite with densely granulated longitudinal callus or longitudinal carinula. Aedeagus variable; the aoicale from a little longer than to half length of basale. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 190 I. MOLURINI KEY TO SPECIES 1. Episternum of prosternum with fine, round to briefly elongate, well-separated granules. Pronotum one-and-a-half to one-and- two-thirds times as broad as long, with evenly rounded, moderately dilated sides, with fine, seldom rugose punctation, and without median carinula. Elytra with tine, moderately dense to scattered granules. 2 Episternum of prosternum with coarse, longitudinally confiuent, elongate, sharply raised rugosities, appearing as if striolated. Pronotum more than twice as broad as long, with strongly, subangularly dilated sides, with coarse, extremely dense, subrugose punctation, and fine median carinula anteriorly. Elytra with very dense, coarse granulation. giganteus sp. nov. (p. 194)

2. The smooth submarginal area of episternum of prosternum narrow, subparallel with lateral margin, of equal width from anterior margin to base, consequently not or but little broader basally than anteriorly. Elytra broader, more strongly rounded. Body smaller, 14 to 20-!- mm. in length. Apicale of aedeagus shorter than basale; apex of penis not strongly dilated, without projecting contours, always narrower than proximal portion of penis or apex of apicale. 3 The smooth submarginal area of episternum of prosternum strongly fililated towards base, there several times broader than anteriorly. Elytra oblong-oval, less strongly rounded. Body larger, 18t to 25 mm., in length. Apicale of aedeagus slightly longer than basale; apex of penis strongly dilated, subcordiform, usually with strongly projecting outlines, distinctly broader than the proximal portion of penis or apex of apicale. silphoides (Fahraeus) (p. 191)

3. Granulation on elytra not uniform, interrupted by small, smooth, flat to feebly convex, roundish, tuberculiform patches. 4 Granulation on e1ytra very dense and uniform. intermedius (Haag) (p. 195)

4. Body broad and short. The smooth patches on elytra almost flat, small and scarcely more shining than the dull remaining surface; granulation scattered. Pronotum strongly transverse. Apicale of aedeagus moderately shorter than basale; apex of penis thin, pointed, barely broader than the pre-apical constriction. simi/is (Haag) (p. 196)

Body less broad and longer. The smooth patches on elytra conspicuous, feebly convex, shining and tuberculiform; granulation tiner, but dense. Pronotum less strongly transverse. ａｰｩ｣｡ｬｾ＠ of aedeagus short, only about half the length of basale; Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 191 apex of penis with strong, apically subtruncate dilation, about twice as broad as the very thin pre-apical constriction. transvaalensis sp. nov. (p. 197)

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) silphoides (FiLhraeus)

v. • 1870 Trachynotus silpho!des ｆｾｨｲ｡･ｵｳＬ＠ p. 274.-1873 Haag, pp. 7, 24.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Geblen, p. 272, no. 3669. sensu latiore

PI. IV, fig. 16; PI. XXI, fig. 1; text-figs. 136 and 137. Upper surface dull to moderately shiny, black, sometimes with a metallic sheen; setiferous. Head small, more or less densely punctured, seti(erous, with the bristles encircling eyes. Eyes transversely reniform, broader than long, about as long as genae, emarginated a little behind middle. Genae indistinctly separated from epistome. Antennae short, slightly accrescent, not reaching pronotal base; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum flattened, broadest distinctly behind middle, about two-thirds broader than long, carinate peripherally, with broadly depressed, rather strongly to subangularly dilated sides. Anterior margin shallowly emarginated. Posterior angles slightly produced backwards. Integument dull to shiny, with setiferous punctures, which are very variable, extremely fine to rather coarse, scattered to dense or rugosely confluent and finely subgranular. Elytra in the 0' more elongate than in the ｾＬ＠ with briefly rounded shoulders, much broader than pronotum, with broad submarginal depression. Primary and dorsal costae, as well as suture, sharply carinate; lateral costula more or less distinctly indicated. Lateral interval convex, about as broad as dorsal interval or narrower. Integument variable, with dense to scattered, fine secondary granules and often with primary sculpture, composed of smooth, more or less tuberculiform patches or numerous transverse tubercles or ridges; bristles variable in length and density. Abdomen with scattered punctures. Legs moderately long, in the 0' the underside of anterior tibiae and sometimes also that of intermediate tibiae with apical brush. AEOEAGUs.-Variable according to ｾｵ｢ｳｰ･｣ｩ･ｳＮ＠ TYPE LOCALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern and Eastern Transvaal, Swaziland (and Natal ?). April. SUBSPECIES

1. Elytra granulated, often with smooth patches between granules, but not transversely tuberculated. The median sulcus on inner surface of penis reaching the extreme apex of apical orifice. 2 Elytra between granulation covered densely with shiny transverse tubercles or ridges, more or less distinctly reticulate. The median sulcus on inner surface of penis abruptly ending in front of apical orifice. silphoides peringueyi nom. nov. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 192 1. MOLURINI

A C D

FIG. 136.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) silphoides nigronitens ssp.nov.- A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface; D=penis, inner surface; E=penis, lateral view.

v ... 1899 Trachynotus plicipennis Peringuey, p. 300. 1904 Trachynotus silphoides Peringuey, p. 297.-1937b Gebien, p. 272, no. 3669a. PI. IV, fig. 16. Differentiated from all the other subspecies of si/phoides by the subreticulate elytra. AEDEAOUs.-Apicale similar to silphoidesswazicola, but only a little longer than basale, with more elongate apical portion, with strongly demarcated,- strobiliform apex and more coarsely punctured dorsal surface. Apical dilation of penis less broad. D1MENSIONs.-Length 22 to 25 mm., width lOt to 12t mm., height 7t to 8 mm. TypE LOCALITY.-"Barberton". Type in South African Museum (!). LOCAUTIEs.-Eastern Transvaal.-Barberton Distr. (37): the single <;l-holotype. A cS of this form is preserved in the Transvaal Museum, coming from Bonnefoi near Machadodorp. REMAR!C.-The name plicipennis Peringuey has had to be changed because of primary homonymy with plicipennis Haag, 1873, both described as Trachynotus. 2. Disc of pronotum with round, well-separated punctures. 3 Disc of pronotum with very dense, rugosely confluent, subgranular punctures. silphoides silphoides (Fahraeus) Very black, shiny. Pronotum two-thirds broader than long, strongly dilated distinctly behind middle, with fine and smoothed median line, densely setiferous on the strongly depressed lateral portions. Elytra densely, uniformly granulated, with fine and smooth median row on lateral interval. Primary costa prolonged posteriorly. with the apex Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 193

curved inwards ;tnd running subparallel with suture. In the

3. Elytra sericeous, with a distinct bronzy to aenescent sheen, rather densely setiferous. as is the pronotum. In the (J the underside of intermediate tibiae with apical brush and the middle of basal sternite of abdomen with densely granulated callus. Apicale of aedeagus distinctly longer than basale. 4 Elytra shiny, black, without metallic sheen, practically bare, as is the pronotum. In the (J the underside of intermediate tibiae simple and the two basal sternites of abdomen with smooth, obtuse, longitudinal median carinula. Apicale of aedeagus only slightly longer than basale. silphoides nigronitens ssp. nov.

Similar to the typical silphoides and agreeing in colour, shape of pronotum and the practically bare elytra. The granulation on the latter is less dense and less uniform, leaving exposed more or less numerous, small, smoothed patches; primary costa not prolonged posteriorly. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 136)-Apicale short, stout, strongly dilated basally, with obtuse, briefly bifid apex and coarsely punctured dorsal surface; ventral surface with the groove covered basally by the dilated inflexed alae. Penis with the apical dilation stronger than in typical silphoides, broadly sulcate along midline on both surfaces. DIMENSloNs.-Length 181- to 25 mm., width 11 to 121- mm., height 71- to 9 mm. LOCALITIEs.-Eastern Transvaal.-Lydenburg Distr. (42), 1896 (P. A. Krantz, 1 6, 3

4. Pronotum dull, with extremely fine punctures. Elytra with very fine granules and faint metallic sheen. silphoides sH'azico/a ssp. nov.

Upper surface densely setiferous. Pronotum slightly more slender, in the

PI. XX(, fig. 1. Pronotum broadest only a little behind middle, with moderately and evenly rounded sides. Elytra broader, with tessellate vestiture. DIMENSIONs.-Length 23 mm., width 12t mm., height 8t mm. LOCALITY.-Eastern Transvaal.-Belfast Distr. (33): Machadodorp (M. Mossop, 1

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) giganteus sp. nov. PI. XXI, fig. 2; text-fig. 138. Black; more or less shiny; sparsely to densely setiferous. Head broad, coarsely and densely punctured, with smooth median patch on front. Eyes transversely reniform, small, considerably broader than long, slightly shorter than genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae indistinctly separated from epistome. Antennae accrescent, short, not reaching pronotal base; apical segment a little longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum flattened, very strongly transverse, more than twice as broad as long, broadest well behind middle, with broad submarginal depression and strongly rounded and dilated sides. Lateral carina briefly sinuate in front of posterior angles. Anterior margin truncate to feebly emargina ted. Integument covered very densely with coarse, rugosely confluent punctures, leaving exposed small, smoothed, fenestrate patches on anterior half of lateral portions, as well as a fine, short median carinula; bristles short, barely longer than diameter of punctures, yellowish, scattered to rather dense. Episternum of prosternum with very broad, subparallel, smooth submarginal area. Elytra much broader than pronotum, with rounded shoulders, strongly convex and with broad submarginal depression. Primary costa sharply carinate, situated at about middle, prolonged posteriorly, with the apex briefly subparallel with suture; dorsal costa as sharply raised as primary costa, more or less abbreviated posteriorly, but sometimes ending on basal third and often approximated to primary costa; suture sharply carinate. Lateral interval steep, but slightly convex, about as broad as dorsal interval. Integument with dense, sharp, setiferous secondary granules, changing to coarse punctures along submarginal depression, more or less distinctly interrupted by scattered to dense, smooth tubercles or transverse ridges; bristles short, scattered to dense, often concentrated and forming tessellate patches between tubercles. Pseudopleura finely and sparsely granulated. Abdomen with fine, scattered punctures; in the d' the middle of basal sternite with strongly raised, densely granulated longitudinal callus, the middle of second sternite flat and with dense and fine granulation. Legs robust; in the (J the underside of anterior tibiae with strong apical brush. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 138)-Apicale distinctly shorter than basale, slender, slightly constricted at middle, with demarcated, produced, gaping, subparallel apices; dorsal surface finely punctured, with short median division. Penis subparallel, with broadly rounded, simple and not dilated apex; outer surface with broad median sulcus on distal portion. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 195

A B B A 137 138 FIG. 137.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) silphoides swazicola ssp.nov.- A=apicale, with enclosed penis; apicale, ventral surface, and penis, outer surface; B= apicale with enclosed penis; apicale, dorsal surface, and penis, inner surface. FIG. 138.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) giganteus sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface.

DlMENSIONs.-Length 20! to 27 mm., width 11 to 15 mm., height 8 to 10! mm. The largest species of genus. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Western and Central Transvaal. March. LocALlTlES.-Transvaal.-Rustenburg Distr. (12): De Kroon (H. A. Fry, 1 ej', 2 ｾｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum); Rustenburg (S).-Waterberg Distr. (38) {v. Jutrzencka, 1).-Pretoria Distr. (17): Pienaars River (v. lutrzencka, T).

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) intermedius (Haag) v. • 1878 Trachynotus intermedius Haag, p. 92.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3710. Black; upper surface dull, setiferous. Head with rather dense, setiferous punctures. Eyes about as long as broad, slightly longer than genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae obsoletely separated from epistome. Antennae moderately long, almost reaching pronotal base, slightly accrescent; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum flattened, carinate peripherally, broadest a little behind middle, about two-thirds broader than long, with slightly subangular dilation of sides and submarginal depression. Anterior margin emarginated. Integu- ment densely and coarsely punctured except for two fenestrate patches on 14 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 196 I. MOLURINI anterior half of lateral portions; bristles short. Elytra short, broader than pronotum, with obtusely rounded shoulders, broadest behind middle and narrowed towards base. Primary and dorsal costae, as well as suture sharply carinate. Lateral interval steep, ｣ｯｮｳｩ､ｾｲ｡｢ｬｹ＠ narrower than dorsal interval, with submarginal depression. Integument uniformly and densely granulated, with microscopically short bristles, which are not longer than the diameter of granules. In the 6" the middle of basal sternite with granulated callus and the underside of anterior tibiae with elongate, dense apical brush. AEDEAGUS.-Not examined. DlMENSIONs.-Length 15-!- to 20t mm., width 8t to l1i mm., height 5-!- to 7 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Natal". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, MUnchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Natal. May. LoCALITY.-Natal.-Mtonjaneni Distr. (38): Melmoth (D).

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) similis (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus similis Haag, pp. 5, 35.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3673. PI. XII, fig. 2; text-fig. 139. CloselY,related to intermedius, but the upper surface with metallic sheen and long bristles. Head as in intermeditJS, but the eyes broader and the antennae shorter. Pronotum rather strongly convex, more strongly transverse, broadest distinctly behind middle, with broad submarginal depression and with the lateral carina slightly sinuate in front of posterior angles. Integument with coarse but less dense punctation, becoming rugosely confluent on basal third; bristles long, depressed and arranged in tessellate patches. Episternum of prosternum with subparallel, but broader submarginal area. Elytra broader, shorter, more strongly rounded, broadest at about middle, with less sharply carinate costal elements of sculpture, obtuse suture and without lateral costula. Integu- ment smooth; with scattered granules, feebly indicated, flattened, smooth tubercles and tessellate patches of long yellowish and testaceous bristles. Abdomen more densely punctured. In the 6" the median callus on basal sternite less convex and the underside of anterior tibiae with strong apical brush. . AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 139)-Apicale distinctly shorter than bas ale, slender, constricted at middle; apex obtusely pointed, not demarcated from pre-apical portion; dorsal surface convex, almost smooth, with a short, deep median division; ventrall>urface al> in transvaalensis, but the groove entirely exposed. Penis subparallel proximally, with strong pre-apical constriction, and long, barely dilated and sharply pointed apex; outer surface with complete median sulcus on distal portion; inner groove open, but very narrow, subcanaliculate in front of apical orifice. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 14 to 17t mm., width 71- to lot mm., height 5.1- to 6i mm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 197

A B c 139 140 FIG. 139.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) similis (Haag, 1873).-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface. FIG. 140.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) impressicollis (Peringuey, 1885).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

TYPE LocALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zooiog. Staats-Sammlung, Miinchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Natal.-Estcourt Distr. (8): Estcourt CD).

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) transvaalensis sp. nov.

Closely related to similis, but the body more slender, similar in shape to silphoides, and with the aedeagus strongly differentiated. Black, shiny, with faint metallic sheen, setiferous. Head with coarse, rather dense punctures and bristles, the latter encircling eyes. Eyes broadly reniform, about as broad as lqng, scarcely shorter than genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae not separated from epistome. Antennae short, accrescent, not reaching pronotal base; apical segment a trifle longer than pre- penultimate segment. Pronotum moderately convex, broadest a little behind middle, not quite twice as broad as long, evenly dilated and rounded laterally, with narrow submarginal depression, carinate peripherally, but the basal carina flattened. Anterior margin emarginate. Integument coarsely punctured, with smooth median line and irregular fenestrate patches on· lateral portions; bristles rather long, yellowish, forming irregular patches, more concentrated on lateral portions. Submarginal area of episternum of prosternum slightly dilated posteriorly. Elytra less broadened, similar in shape to silphoides, broader than pronotum, with briefly rounded shoulders and broad submarginal depression: Primary costa carinate, but only weakly raised, situated at about middle; dorsal costa finely carinate as is the suture. Lateral interval Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 198 1. MOLURINI moderately steep, oblique, about as broad as dorsal interval or a little broader. Integument with scattered, coarse granules and rather well_ marked, transverse to roundish tubercles on dorsal interval, smooth and with scattered tuberculiform patches on lateral interval; bristles yellowiSh rather long and arranged in tessellate patches. Abdomen with fine' scattered punctures. Sexual characters of 6" agreeing with similis. ' AEDEAGUs.-Strongly differentiated. Apicale considerably shorter than basale, distinctly curved, strongly and narrowed in an almost straight line from base to apex; the latter subtruncate, not demarcated from proximal portion; dorsal surface convex, scarcely sculptured, with the short median division gaping apically; ventral groove open only apically, covered by the dilated, subparallel inflexed alae on remaining portion. Penis strikingly long and thin, strongly constricted and filiform pre-apically, with dilated spoon-shaped, subtruncate apex; outer surface opaque on distal two-thirds' tectiform and without distinct median sulcus except for apex; the inflexed alae on inner surface grown together, tubiform along middle and there covering groove. DIMENSIONs.-Length 151- to 191 rom., width 9 to 10! mm., height 6 to 7i mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Central Transvaal. From January to April. LocALITIEs.-Transvaal.-Pretoria Distr. (17): Pretoria, 1910 (I ＶＢｾＬ＠ types in Transvaal Museum); Volksrust Distr. (5): Volksrust (G. Marshall, 1 ｾＭｰ｡ｲ｡ｴｹｰ･＠ in South African Museum).

i/5. carinatus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 63, §23)

Similar to the silphoides-group, the elytra likewise with sharply carinate primary plus dorsal costae, but the pronotum strongly convex, with posteriorly strongly sinuate and reflected lateral carina, the apex of scutellum smooth and the elytra not granulated, but with setiferous punctures or pointed, small tubercles. Apicale of aedeagus shorter than basale. Confined to the Eastern and Central Cape Province. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Dorsal costa on e1ytra shorter than primary costa. 2 Dorsal costa on elytra longer than primary costa. carinatus (Solier) 2. Pronotum broadest at about middle, about twice as broad as long, with strongly dilated sid!!s; disc smooth, with only a few, fine, setiferous punctures; sides coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra less convex, with broadly depressed submarginal area; dorsal interval considerably broader than lateral interval; the latter without or with barely indicated lateral costula. impressicollis (P6ringuey) ·Pronotum slender, broadest distinctly in front of middle, about one-and-a-third to one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with moderately dilated sides; disc with smooth median line, densely and superficially granulated, with the granules becoming more Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somatjeus 199 concentrated and more strongly raised on about middle oflateral portions; sides with rather scattered, granular punctures. Elytra strongly raised, with narrow submarginal depression; dorsal interval about as broad as lateral interval or slightly broader; lateral costula formed by a continuous, broadly obtuse, longitudinal convexity. hojJmllnni (Haag)

Somllticus (Trllcheloeum) carinatus (Solier)

* 1843 Trachynotus carinatus Solier, pp .. 317, 321 (reprint pp. 105, 109).-1873 Haag, pp. 5, 34.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3672. sensu latiore

PI. XXI, fig. 3. "- Black, with faint metallic sheen; shiny; setiferous. Head moderately hypognathous, with very coarse, scattered to irregularly dense punctures, aggregated and rugose on occiput, scattered on epistome and enclosing a broad, smooth, median patch on front; bristles scattered to dense, in the latter case sometimes forming concentrated patches on posterior portion. Eyes rather small, about as long as or shorter than broad, slightly to distinctly shorter than genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae indistinctly separated from epistome. Antennae moderately long, slightly accrescent, extending beyond pronotal base; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum transverse, broadest at or a little behind middle, about twice as broad as long, sharply carinate peripherally, but the basal margination often very fine to obsolescent on middle. Sides strongly rounded, dilated and depressed. Anterior margin emarginated. Discal convexity rather strong, but variable. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) sinuate in front of the strongly depressed posterior angles. Base strongly depressed. Integument coarsely, densely and often rugosely punctured, sometimes with fine median line and with two fenestrate, smooth patches on anterior half of lateral portions; bristles yellowish, rather long and tending to form longitudinal stripes on basal third, as well as roundish patches on depressed lateral portions. Epi- sternum of prosternum with dense, fine granulation and whitish bristles. Elytra broad, much broader than pronotum, with briefly rounded shoulders and broad submarginal depression. Primary costa apprOximated to sides, sharply carinate, strongly raised, shorter than dorsal costa and often coalescent with the latter posteriorly; dorsal costa as strongly raised as primary costa; suture finely carinate. Lateral interval steep and considerably narrower than dorsal interval. Integument extremely variable, with scattered, setiferous secondary punctures, bearing adherent yellowish bristles, which often form numerous small patches; between secondary punctures with large, roundish to transverse tubercles. Pseudopleura granulated, setiferous. Abdomen with fine, sparse punctures on distal sternites, dense and granular on proximal ones; in the J the middle of basal sternite convex and densely granulated. Legs moderately long; in the J the underside of anterior tibiae with strong apical brush. AEDEAGus.-ApicaIe considerably shorter than basale, gradually narrowed from base to about middle, then almost subparallel, with short, converging apical portion and obtuse, distinctly gaping apices; dorsal Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 200 I. MOLURINI surface rather densely and coarsely punctured; the inflexed alae on ventral surface broadly dilated on proximal two-thirds, leaving groove exposed only on apical third. Penis subparallel, distinctly constricted pre-apically, with straight, gradually dilated, rounded apex; outer sUrface canaliculate, tectiform proximally, broadly sulcate distally; infiexed alae of inner surface tubiform and closed distad from middle. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap de Bonne Esperance". Type, according to Haag, in Museum Geneva. No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Eastern and Central Cape Province. April to July. SUBSPECIES 1. Elytra with round, transverse tubercles between costae. 2 Elytra smooth between costae, at most with a few, fiat, shiny patches. carinatus carinatus (Solier)

DIMENSlONS.-Length 1St to 18 mm., width 7t to 9! mm., height 5t to 7 mm. LOCALITIEs.-Eastern and North-Eastern Cape Province.-Albert Distr. (/12): Burghersdorp (S).-Queenstown Distr. (62): Whittlesea (Rh).-Stockenstroom Distr. (66); Seymour (S). 2. Dorsal costa carinate from base to apex; tuberculation between costae scattered and moderately raised. carinatus chevrolati (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus Chevrolati Haag, pp. 5, 35.-1910 Gebien. p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3674. DIMENSlONs.-Length 13t to 18t mm., width 7t to 9t mm., height 5 to 6t mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). LOCALIDEs.-Eastern and East-Central Cape Province.-Districts of Steynsburg (54), Cradock (58) and Uitenhage (32); Kirkwood (St, Rh). Dorsal costa obtuse apically; tuberculation between costae extremely dense, subreticulate on inner portion of dorsal intervaL carinatus cancellatus ssp. nov.

Elytra between the dense tuberculation with concentrated patches of yellowish to golden bristles. DIMENSlONs.-Length 17 mm., width 9t mm., height 6t mm. LocALlTY.-Central Cape Province.-Richmond Distr. (49): Rich- mond (F. W. Wagner, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype ex Rhodes University in Transvaal Museum).

Somaticus (Tracheloeum) impressicollis (peringuey)

v. • 1885 Trachynotus impressico//is Peringuey, p. 111.-1910 Gebien, p. 164. 1937b Trachynotus hoffmanni Gebien, p. 273, no. 3675a. PI. V, fig. 4; text-fig. 140. Very closely related to carinatus and erroneously considered by Gebien as synonymous with hoffmanni, from which it differs strongly. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 201 Head with fine, scattered punctures, concentrated and rugose only on occiput. Pronotum less transverse, broadest at middle, about twice as broad as long, but moderately dilated laterally, very strongly convex, with steeply sloping lateral portions and only narrow submarginal depression. Lateral carina much more strongly sinuate in front of posterior angles. Basal margination obsolescent. Integument with very fine, sparse punctures on disc, broadly smoothed on anterior half of lateral portions, but with shallow, dense to rugose punctures on posterior half of lateral portions; bristles scattered on anterior two-thirds, forming aggregated, narrow, longitudinal stripes on posterior third, with the stripes becoming confluent on lateral portions. Elytra narrower than in carinatus, with only feebly defined shoulders and more strongly raised primary and dorsal costae. Lateral interval steep, oblique, considerably narrower than dorsal interval. Integument sericeous, with faint bronzy sheen, without distinct primary tubercles, but more densely punctured; the yellowish bristles forming more or less dense patches, especially on lateral interval and apical declivity. Primary costa longer than dorsal costa, prolonged posteriorly, with the apex curved abruptly inwards and subparallel with suture; lateral costula absent or slightly indicated. Underside and legs as in carinatus. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 140)-Practically' identical with carinatus, but more slender. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12!- to 19 mm., width 5i to 9!- mm., height 4i to 6tmm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Somerset East". Type in South African Museum (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Eastern and South-Eastern Cape Pro- vince. June to August and in January. LOCALITIES.-Cape Province.-Albany Distr. (35): Farm Resolution, near Fort Brown (T); Grahamstown (Rh, Z, S).-Uitenhage Distr. (32): Uitenhage (D); Dunbrody (S).-Bedford Distr. (63) (S).-Somerset East Distr. (58) (S).

Somaticus (Tracile/oeum) iloffmanni (Haag)

V • .. 1878 Trachynottls hoffmanni Haag, p. 93.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 273, no. 3675. PI. XXI, fig. 4; text-fig. 141. Related to impressico/lis, but readily distinguished by the strikingly slender shape of body and the sculpture. Head coarsely punctured, sparsely setiferous. Antennae shorter and distinctly dilated apically; the apical segment slightly longer than pre-penultimate segment. . Pronotum slender, strongly convex, carinate peripherally, only one-and-a-third to one-and-a-half times as broad as long, broadest distinctly in front of middle, with slightly dilated sides, but without submarginal depression. Integument densely granulated between the smooth median line and the rugosely punctured sides, but with scattered sculpture anteriorly; bristles as in impressicollis, scattered on anterior two-thirds, forming stripes and patches on basal third. Anterior margin practically truncate. Base slightly bi-sinuate, transversely impressed. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) sinuate in front of posterior angles. Elytra slender, shoulderless, strongly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 202 I. MOLURINI

A B c 0 E FIG. ＱＴＱＮＭａ･､･｡ｾｵｳ＠ of Somaticus (Tracheloeum) hoffmanni (Haag, 1878).- A=apicale, ventraI surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface; D=penis, lateral view; E=penis, inner surface.

convex, broader than pronotum, with the costal arrangement as in impressicollis, but with distinct, continuous, complete and broadly obtuse lateral costula. Lateral interval steep, almost as broad as dorsal interval, without submarginal depression. Integument smoothed, without primary tubercles and with only sparse, fine granular punctures; bristles scattered on dorsal interval, a little more concentrated on lateral interval, but not forming any patches. Underside and legs as in impressico[[is. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 141)-Similar to carinatus and impressicollis, but the apicale with a more slender, elongate 'apical portion and with converging apices, which are gaping at middle. Penis more strongly dilated apically, with briefly curved, sharply and abruptly pointed apex; in lateral view, with distinctly sinuate and emarginated contours of apical portion. DlMENSIONs.-Length 12-!- to 15i mm., width 5t to 6i mm., height 4 to 4tmm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen, (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-South-Central Cape Province.-Willowmore Distr. (29): Willowmore (H. Brauns, T). j. Subgenus Trichotrachys nov. 1871 Trachynotus (part.) Haag, p. 26.-1910 Gebien, p. 163.-1937b Gebien, p. 271. DIAGNOsIs.-Head moderately hypognathous, without lateral stripes, but the eyes often encircled by pale bristles. Eyes small, rarely longer Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 203 than broad, emarginated behind middle or at antero-inferior angle. Antennae with stiff, squarrose and dark bristles distally. Pronotum slightly sloping, densely setiferous and granular, often subangularly dilated behind middle. Elytra from strongly raised to moderately convex, densely setiferous and granulated, usually dull, with or without carinate primary costa, rarely with well defined, but obtuse dorsal costula. Suture carinate or plane. Pseudopleural margination simple, exceptionally double (testudo). Legs moderately long. TYPE SPECIES.-Trachynotus sordidus Gerstaecker. COMPOsITION.-Nineteen species, which are sharply subdivided into five groups. SYSTEMATIC POSITION.-Well-characterized by the dark to black, squarrose, stiff bristles on distal joints of antennae. In this character agreeing only with the S. (Ceromelaephus) and C. (Trichotrichus), both western subgenera and easily separable from the new subgenus by the duplicate pseudopleural margination of elytra. Connections to other subgenera and groups are traceable through the sordidus-group to the S. (Tropitrachys) and through the vestitus-group to the pygmaeus-group of S. (Trachyderes). . DISTRIBUTIoN.-(red • on map l)--Eastern.-From the southern part of Tanganyika Territory through Portu. East Africa, Southern Rhodesia, South-Eastern Bechuanaland and Transvaal southwards to Swaziland, Orange Free State, Basutoland, Natal, the East-Central and North- Easterp Cape Province.

j/l. sordidus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 69, §41)

Elytra much broader than pronotum, with duplicate granulation, sharply carinate primary costa and carinate suture; dorsal interval from much narrower than lateral interval to slightly broader than the latter.

KEY TO SPECIES 1. Primary granules on elytra finer than the sculpture on pronotum, on dorsal interval irregular and not forming a median row. In the d' the basal sternite of abdomen without callus. Ventral surface of apicale of aedeagus with entirely open groove; the inner margins of infiexed alae straight, subparallel, not dilated and widely separated.' 2

Subgroup of sort/idus (Gerstaecker) Primary granules on elytra coarse, basally scarcely finer than the granules on pronotum, on dorsal interval concentrated along midline and often arranged in a more or less distinctly indicated to raised dorsal costula. In the d' the middle of basal sternite with a longitudinal callus, covered with aggregated, fine, sharp granules. Ventral surface of apicale of aedeagus with strongly dilated inflexed alae, practically covering the basal half of groove, with converging and rounded inner margins. Subgroup of terricola (Fahraeus) (monotypical) (p. 215) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 204 1. MOLURINI 2. Sides of pronotum narrowed in a straight line towards anterior margin, with strong, subangular dilation, situated well behind middle. Either the suture broadly gaping behind scutellum and the femora usually -more or less reddish, or the dorsal interval of elytra with distinct transverse impressions, the pronotum with demarcated colliu-like constriction anteriorly and impressed on either side of middle. 3 Sides of pronotum rounded and narrowed towards anterior margin, dilated, more or less strongly, but not subangularly at or slightly behind middle. Suture behind scutellum not or only obsoletely gaping; dorsal interval of elytra plane; femora black; pronotum without demarcated anterior constriction and not impressed on disc. 4 3. Eyes small and roundish. Pronotum plane, the smooth median line not impressed; anterior margin not constricted nor demarcated; posterior angles obtuse; and the lateral dilation situated more behind middle. Elytra less densely granulated, with broadly gaping suture basally; apex of scutellum subtruncate and not distinctly produced; dorsal interval about as broad as lateral interval or slightly broader. Pseudopleural carina distinctly crenulate. Femora usually reddish. angulatus (Fi'Lhraeus) (p. 206) Eyes larger and elongate. Pronotum with impressed median line and, on either side of the latter, with a more or less distinct, roundish impression; anterior margin with a short, collar-like demarcated 'constriction; posterior angles subparallel, rectangular and well defined by a sinuosity of sides; lateral dilation stronger, but situated less well behind middle. Elytra more densely granulated, with the suture not or obsoletely gaping basally; apex of scutellum obtusely triangular and briefly produced backwards; dorsal interval considerably narrower than lateral interval. Pseudopleural carina practically smooth. Femora 'black. sordidus (Gerstaecker) (p. 205) 4. Sides of pronotum not subparallel and not sinuate in front of posterior angles; the latter more or less obtuse, not distinctly demarcated from sides. Shoulders neither prominent nor produced, consequently the contours of elytral base straight to oblique outwards from mesothoracic peduncle. 5 Sides of pronotum sinuate and subparallel in front of posterior angles; the latter distinctly demarcated and rectangular. In cases, where this structure is less distinct, the shoulders are strongly prominent or produced forward, with the contours of elytral base deeply sinuate or emarginated outwards from mesothoracic peduncle. 6 5. Disc of pronotum with very dense, somewhat reticulate, confluent, irregularly rugose sculpture; lateral carina complete and sharp. Dorsal interval of elytra with very dense, fine granulation, with the primary granules only slightly larger than secondary granules. varicollis sp. nov. (p. 209) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 205 Disc of pronotum with regular, round, sharply raised granules; lateral carina obsolescent in front of posterior angles and also often reduced in front of anterior margin. Dorsal interval of elytra with conspicuous, scattered primary granules, but with much finer to obsolescent secondary granules. grise us (Fahraeus) (p. 214) 6. Pronotum distinctly cordiform, with the sides strongly sinuate and subparallel in front of posterior angles. Shoulders obliquely sloping or moderately rounded, but not prominent nor produced. 7 Pronotum less distinctly cordiform, with the posterior angles briefly demarcated and almost enclosed by the strongly prominent or produced shoulders. 8 7. Upper surface of body covered densely with dark, brownish, erect bristles. Dorsal interval of elytra not or only a trifle narrower than lateral interval; basal portion of shoulders obliquely sloping. obscurus sp. nov. (p. 208) Upper surface of body with depressed, pale bristles. Dorsal interval of elytra considerably narrower than lateral interval; basal portion of shoulders rounded. sinuatus sp. nov. (p. 208) 8. Elytra covered uniformly with scattered, depressed, yellowish white bristles. Pronotum flattened on disc (in caudal view), broadest at or a little behind middle, with rounded, moderately dilated sides. darlington; sp. nov. (p. 212) Elytra with a double vestiture, composed of scattered, semi- erect and more elongate primary bristles of a dark testaceous tint and very dense, scaly, yellowish-white secondary bristles; the latter adherent and almost concealing the background of cuticle. Pronotum convex on disc (in caudal view), broadest distinctly behind middle, with strongly, almost subangulady dilated sides. schalkwykae sp. nov. (p. 213)

Subgroup of sordidus (Gerstaecker)

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) sordidus (Gerstaecker)

* 1854 Trachynotus sordidus Gerstaecker, p. 532.-1862 Gerstaecker, p. 279, pI. 16, fig. 11 (8).-1873 Haag, pp. 6, 29.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3705. PI. XXII, fig. 1; text-fig. 142. Upper surface dull, rather densely setiferous. Head coarsely, rugosely punctured. Distal segments of antennae with black bristles. Pronotum about two-thirds broader than long, with strong, subangular, depressed dilation of sides; covered rather densely with coarse, round granules, bearing semi-erect bristles of a dark brownish tint. Elytra strongly raised and convex, moderately broader than pronotum, with obliquely sloping Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 206 I. MOLURINI shoulders. Primary costa ending abruptly on top of apical declivity. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) rather steeply oblique, about two- thirds broader than dorsal interva1. Integument with scattered, fine primary granules and more or less distinct patches of extremely fine secondary granules; the pale bristles scattered, forming indistinct ｰ｡ｴ｣ｨ･ｾ＠ on transverse impressions of dorsal interval, rarely so on lateral interval. Abdomen with densely punctured anal sternite and sparsely granulated proximal sternites; the latter in the 0' densely and coarsely granulated on middle. Legs simple in both sexes. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 142)-Apicale very strongly narrowed in a straight line from base to apex; the latter not demarcated, produced into two narrow, subparallel extreme apices; open groove on ventral surface about as broad as inflexed alae. Penis thin, slightly broadened proximally with a very sharply pointed, fine, barely curved apex; outer ｳｵｲｦ｡｣ｾ＠ shallowly sulcate along midline of apical portion. DlMENSloNs.-Length 15 to 19 mm., width 71 to 81 mm., height 5i to 6i mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Tette" (Portu. East Africa, Tete-Distr. (42». Type in Museum Berlin. No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-North-western Portu. East Mrica, north-eastern part of Southern Rhodesia and southern part of Tanganyika Territory. LOCALITIES.-Portu. East AJrica.-Mossurize Distr. (26): Bopira (T).- Southern Rhodesia.-Umtali Distr. (16): Christmas Pass (S).-Tanganyika Territory.-Lukuledi (Z).

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) angulatus (Fiihraeus)

v. • 1870 Trachynotus angulatus Fahraeus, p. 277.-1873 Haag, pp. 6, 29.-1910 Gebien, p. 16J.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3704. PI. XXII, fig. 2; text-figs. 77 and 143. Upper surface dull, covered densely with yellowish bristles. Head rugosely punctured; bristles concentrated around eyes. The stiff bristles on distal segments of antennae short, of a brownish tint. Pronotum strongly convex, not quite twice as broad as long, with strong, subangular, depressed post-median dilation of sides. Anterior margin almost truncate. Base transversely impressed. Integument covered rather densely with setiferous granules, leaving exposed a longitudinal patch along midline. Episternum of prosternum densely granulated, with long, depressed bristles, except for the narrow, smooth submarginal area. Elytra strongly raised, with broadly rounded shoulders. Primary costa approximated to suture. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) very steep, oblique, almost twice as broad as dorsal interval, with only narrow submarginal depression. Integument with fine, rather scattered granules, from which arise semi- erect, darker primary bristles and more concentrated, shorter, depressed secondary bristles of a pale tint; usually the bristles more scattered on a broad, obsolescent median stripe. Pseudopleural margination granular, more or less crenulate. Pseudopleura with fine, scattered bristles. Abdo- men in the ｾ＠ with concentrated, obsoletely granular SCUlpture on middle of basal sternite, the second and anal sternites densely punctured, the Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 207

C B D 142 143 E FIG. 142.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) sordidus (Gerstaecker, 1854).- Apicale, dorsal surface. FIG. 143.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) angulatus (FAhraeus, 1870).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface; D= penis, inner surface; E=penis, lateral view.

intermediate sternites with rather scattered punctation; in the cJ the middle of the three proximal sternites with very dense, partially confluent, rugose granulation, the penultimate sternite with less concentrated, granular punctures and the anal sternite densely punctured. In the cJ the underside of anterior tibiae with subtomentose, pale stripe. AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 143)-Apicale feebly narrowed towards apex; the latter thin, strongly elongate; ventral groove about twice as broad as inflexed alae. Penis robust, subparallel, with slightly converging apical portion and faintly curved to practically straight, rounded to obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with broad median sulcus distally. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 11 i to 16 mm., width 5i to 8t mm., height 4i to 6-!- mrn. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Caffraria".-Type in Museum Stockholm (!). Recorded by Hesse, 1935, from Metsimaklaba (South-Eastern Bechu- analand). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Transvaal, Orange Free State, Northern Cape Province, South-Eastern Bechuanaland and Southern Rhodesia. From November to May. LOCALITIEs.-Transvaal.-Pretoria Distr. (17): Pretoria (St); Springbok Flats, Pienaars River .and Rapitse, near Warmbaths (T).-Pietersburg Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 208 1. MOLURINI

Distr. (40) (S).-Potgietersrus Distr. (39): Zebediela (T, St).-Zoutpans_ berg Distr. (44): Mara (A, T).-Waterberg Distr. (38): Plat River (T)' Nylstroom (S).-Rustenburg Distr. (12): Rustenburg ＨｔＩＮＭｌｩ｣ｨｴ･ｮ｢ｵｱｾ＠ Distr. (8): Delareyville (T).-Christiana Distr. (2): Christiana (L).- Lydenburg Distr. (42) (T).-Middelburg Distr. (29) (S).-Letaba Distr. (41): Gravelotte and Shilowane (T).-Orange Free State.-Districts of Bloemfontein (7), Brandfort (20) and Ladybrand (14) (S, St).-Northern Cape Province.-Districts of Kimberley (129), Vryburg (130) and Mafeking (131) (S).-South-Eastern Bechuanaland.-Gaberones (Z); Metsirnaklaba (T).-Southern Rhodesia.-Districts of Bulawayo (5) (Z) and Gwelo (9) (D). Somaticus (Trichotrachys) ohscurus sp. nov. Text-fig. 144. Upper surface dull, covered densely with blackish-brown, erect primary bristles, intermixed with testaceous, depressed secondary bristles. Head covered very densely with granular punctures and semi-erect bristles, encircling eyes. Antennae stout, with numerous blackish bristles distally. Pronotum convex discally, densely granulated, cordiform, strongly dilated distinctly behind middle, one-half to two-thirds broader than long, strongly depressed and with upwardly reflected margin along sides. Posterior angles sharply rectangular. The granulated episternum of prosternum with broad, smooth submarginal area. Elytra moderately convex, with almost rectangularly rounded shoulders. Primary costa very slightly approximated to suture, ending abruptly on top of apical declivity. Dorsal and lateral intervals with obsolescent transverse impressions; lat.eral interval (in caudal aspect) about one-and-a-half times as broad as dorsal interval, with more or less broad submarginal depression. Integument with ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴ･､ｾ＠ fine secondary and slightly larger primary granules. Pseudopleural margination crenulate. Abdomen with dense, obsoletely granular sculpture; in the 0- the middle of the three proximal sternites with dense, rugose and often transversely confluent granulation. The underside of anterior tibiae with concentrated, fine, pale pilosity in the 0-. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. l44)-Apicale much shorter than basale, subparallel from base to apical constriction, with short, triangular apex; dorsal surface with very short, not gaping median division; the open groove on ventral surface about one-and-a-half times as broad as inflexed alae. Penis thin, subparallel, not narrowed apically, with obtusely pointed apex; outer surface with fine median sulcus distally. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 11 to 15! mm., width 5t to 7i mm., height 3t to 5-1- mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Western part of Southern Rhodesia. December. • LOCALITIES.-Southern Rhodesia.-Gwelo Distr. (9): Sebakwe, 1903 (D. Dods, 1 0-, 4 n, types in South African Museum); Gwelo, 1913 (Smart, I ｾＬ＠ D).-Bulawayo Distr. (5): Bulawayo, 1903 (G. Marshall, T). Somaticus (Trichotrachys) sinuatus sp. nov. Dull, covered densely with pale bristles. Head rugosely punctured. Bristles on distal segments of antennae black. Pronotum moderately convex, strongly transverse, almost twice as broad as long" with very strong, depressed dilation of sides behind middle, strongly demarcated, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 209

A c FIG. 144.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) obscurus sp.nov.-A= apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, outer surface.

rectangular posterior angles and depressed base; covered very densely with granular rugosities. Episternum of prosternum coarsely, rather sparsely granulated, with broad, smooth submarginal area. Elytra strongly raised, with more or less broadly rounded shoulders, covered rather densely with fine primary and obsolescent secondary granules; bristles uniform and pale. Primary costa approximated to suture; the latter finely carinate and not prominent. Lateral interval steeply oblique, (in caudal aspect) about one-and-two-thirds times as broad as dorsal interval. Pseudopleural margination distinctly crenulate. Abdomen with densely and obsoletely granular to rugose sculpture, intermixed with inconspicuous, fine, scattered punctures, becoming more concentrated on anal sternite. DIMENSIONs.-Length 13-1- to 16t mm., width 6-t to 9 mm., height 5 to 6-1- mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern Transvaal. In February. LOCALITIES.-Transvaal.-Pietersburg Distr. (40): Naauwpoort, II. 1927 (G. van Son, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum); Pietersburg and Makgabeng (btwn. Moletse and Blaauwberg), 1903/04 (A. l. T. lanse, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ T, S). Somaticus (Trichotrachys) varicollis sp. nov. PI. XXII, figs. 3 and 4; text-figs. 145 and 146. Dull, setiferous. Head densely rugose. Bristles on distal joints of antennae blackish. Pronotum densely rugose, very variable in size, broadest at or behind middle, one-and-a-half times to twice as broad as long, with more or less flattened disc and slightly to strongly depressed Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 210 1. MOLURINI

B A c 146 145 o FIG. 145.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) varicollis varicollis ssp.nov.- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface; , D=penis, lateral view. FIG. 146.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) varicollis brachythorax ssp.nov.- Apicaie, dorsal surface.

sides. Episternum of prosternum with narrow, smooth submarginal area, which is often confined to middle. Elytra strongly convex, much broader than pronotum, with more or less broadly, sometimes rectangularly, rounded shoulders; covered with dense, fine primary and secondary granules, and uniformly scattered pale bristles. Primary costa approximated to suture; the latter carinate, (in caudal aspect) more or less prominent. Lateral interval rather steep, (in caudal aspect) one-and- two-thirds times to twice as broad as dorsal interval, with strongly-depressed submarginal area, often with slightly indicated, obtusely convex lateral costula. Pseudopleural margination almost smooth. Abdomen with more or less dense, fine, granular sculpture; in the d' the middle of the three proximal sternites with very dense, coarse, round to transversely confluent granules. The underside of anterior tibiae with subtomentose pilosity in the d'. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Southern Rhodesia and Portu. East Africa. From February to July. SUBSPECIES 1. Pronotum moderately transverse, broadest at or slightly behind middle, one-and-a-half to one-and-two-thirds times as broad as long, with weaker median dilation. Elytra less broadened, with more or less broadly rounded shoulders; lateral interval (in Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somatiew 211 caudal aspect) considerably narrower than the two dorsal intervals taken together. 2 Pronotum strongly transverse, broadest distinctly behind middle, tWice to two-and-a-half times as broad as long, with strong median dilation. Elytra short, very broad, with rectangularly rounded shoulders; lateral interval (in caudal aspect) practically as broad as the two dorsal intervals taken together.

l'aricollis brachythorax ssp. nov.

PI. XXII, fig. 4. This subspecies is composed of several subtle geographic forms, but is always well distinguished from typical varicollis by the broad and shortened body. DIMENSloNs.-Length 13 to 17 mm., width 8 to 9i mm., height 5t to 6i mm. LOCALITIES.-Eastern and Northern Transvaal.-Barberton Distr. (37): Barberton, V. 1910 (Miss de Beer, 4 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Three Sisters, 30 m. SE of Barberton (T).-Lydenburg Distr. (42) (S).-Pilgrimsrest Distr. (43): Marieps Mountain (T).- Zoutpansberg Distr. (44): Louis Trichardt (S).-Portu. East Africa.- Wanetsie River (T). VARIABlLITY.-Only the aedeagus of the form from Three Sisters agrees entirely with typical specimens of varicollis; the apex of apicale is thin, spiniform, sharply demarcated, and the penis is thin and sharply pointed. In these specimens the shape of pronotum is considerably more transverse than in varicollis varicollis and varicollis disconnect us, but distinctly less transverse and less strongly dilated than in specimens of varicollis hrachylhorax from the other localities. The aedeagus of rJrJ from Barberton and Louis Trichardt (text-fig. 146) is rather different; the apex of apicale is only briefly produced, somewhat strobiliform, and the penis is thicker, with shorter, but sharply pointed apex. A rJ from Lydenburg exhibits a less broadened pronotum, similar to the specimens from Three Sisters, but the short apex of apicale of aedeagus is not demarcated.

2. Shoulders broadly rounded, with the straight portion of elytral base broader than pronotal base and projecting beyond contours of the latter. Suture more or less strongly carinate, (in caudal aspect) with prominent contours. l'arico//is l'arico//is nov.

PI. XXII, fig. 3. AEDEAGus.-(text-fig. 145)-Similar to S. (Trichotrachys) darlingtoni, with thin, long, spiniform apex of apicale; penis more robust, with curved, sharply pointed apex, sulcate on outer surface. In specimens from Durban and Malvern the apex of apicale is less produced and not so well demarcated from apical portion as in typical specimens. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12t to 16t mm., width 6i to 8t mm., heigbt 5! to 6t mm. LocALlTIEs.-Natal.-Hlabisa Distr. (44): Hluhluwe, IV. 1950 (C. Koch & T. Lilier, 5 spec., types in Transvaal Museum).-Nqutu Distr. (28) (T).-Nkandhla Distr. (32): M'Fongosi (S):-Durban Distr. (18) (T, S).-Pinetown Distr. (17) (D, T).-South-Eastern Orange Free State.-Harrismith Distr. (32) (B). IS Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 212 I. MOLURINI Shoulders briefly rounded, obliquely narrowed towards mesothoracic peduncle, with the straight portion of elytral base only as broad as pronotal base and not projecting beyond the latter. Suture finely carinate, (in caudai aspect) not demarcated from upper contours of disc. varicollis disconnectus ssp. nov.

AEDEAGus.-As in varicollis varicol/is. DIMENSIONS.-Length 12 to 14t mm., width 5t to 7 mm., height 4-!- to 5-!- mm. LOCALITlEs.-Eastern part 0/ Southern Rhodesia.-Umtali Distr. (16): Umtali, 1903 (A. Bodong, 2 ｾｾＬ＠ 1 'i?, holo- and paratypes in South African Museum, allotype in Transvaal Museum); Umpudzi River (R. H. R. Stevenson, T); Christmas Pass (F. C. Selous, S); Vumba (T).

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) darlingtoni sp. nov.

PI. XXIII, fig. 2; text-fig. 147. Dull, sparsely setiferous. Head densely rugose. Distal segments of antennae with dense blackish bristles. Pronotum flattened discally, broadest at or a little behind middle, about two-thirds broader than long, with evenly rounded, dilated sides, which are sinuate and cordiform in front of the rectangular posterior angles, (in exact dorsal view) with a narrow portion of episternum of prosternum exposed posteriorly. Integu- ment with very dense, fine, granular rugosities. Episternum of prosternum uniformly granulated, setiferous, with very narrow, smooth submarginal area at middle. Elytra rather strongly raised, much broader than pronotum, with strongly rounded, distinctly produced, upwardly bent shoulders; covered with very fine, rather scattered primary granules and still finer, dense secondary granules. Primary costa approximated to suture, ending on top of apical declivity; suture (in caudal view) slightly prominent. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) oblique, moderately steep, about one-and-a-half times as broad as dorsal interval, with broad submarginal depression. Pseudopleural margination indistinctly crenulate. Abdomen with scattered, fine granular punctures; in the d' very densely, rugosely granulated on middle of basal sternite, less so on second sternite. Legs simple in both sexes. AEDEAGus.---(text-fig. 147)-Similar to schalkwykae, but the apicale more slender, with prolongate and spiniform apex; penis thinner, with very fine median sulcus on distal portion of outer surface. DlMENSloNs.-Length 14 to 16 mm., width 7 to 8i mm., height 5 to 5imm. LOCALITIES.-Swaziland.-Hlatikulu Distr. (1): near Hlatikulu, IV. 1950 (c. Koch & T. Lilier, 5 spec., types in Transvaal Museum).-South- Eastern Transvaal.-Piet Retief Distr. (7): Piet Retief (T, N). DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Dr. P. J. Darlington, Jr., Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Cambridge (Massachusetts). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 213

B c o FlO. 147.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) darlingtoni sp.nov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, inner surface; D=penis, outer surface.

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) schalkwykae sp. nov. Text-fig. 148. Upper surface dull, with erect, dark brown primary bristles and, in fresh specimens, the cuticle almost concealed by dense, scaly, depressed, pale secondary bristles. Head densely rugose. Bristles on distal segments of antennae black. Pronotum convex, densely rugose, about two-thirds broader than long, with subangular, depressed dilation of sides behind middle and impressed base. Episternum of prosternum densely setiferous, with narrow but complete submarginal area. Elytra strongly raised, much broader than pronotum, with broad, strongly projecting, rectangularly rounded shoulders. Primary costa approximated to suture, becoming evanescent a little beyond top of apical declivity; suture very finely carinate on distal portion. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) almost twice as broad as dorsal interval. Integument covered with very scattered, fine primary granules and barely discernible secondary granules. Pseudo- pleural margination sharp, practically smooth. Abdomen densely punctured; in the ｾ＠ with concentrated, fine granules on middle of basal sternite. The underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush in the ｾＮ＠ AEDEAGus.-{text-fig. 148)-Apicale broad, subparallel to about middle, then gradually dilated towards apex; the latter demarcated, produced and long, with slightly gaping apices; ventral groove broader than inflexed alae. Penis subparallel proximally, gradually narrowed distally towards the very sharply pointed, thin, straight apex; outer surface with broad, deep median sulcus on distal portion. DlMENSloNs.-Length 12 to 12-!- mm., width 6! to 7 mm., height 4! to 4imm. LoCALlTY.-Eastern Transvaal.-Nelspruit Distr. (36): Nelspruit, IV. 1926 (l ｾＬ＠ 2 ｾｾＬ＠ types in National Collection of Insects, Pretoria). DEDlcATloN.-Named in honour of Miss H. A. D. van Schalkwyk, National Collection of Insects, Pretoria. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 214 I. MOLURINI

B A B A c 148 149 FrG. 148.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) schalkwykae sp.nov.-A = apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface. FIG. 149.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) griseus (FAhraeus, 1870).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale; dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) griseus (Fahraeus)

v. • 1870 Trachynotus griseus FAhraeus, p. 277.-1873 Haag, pp. 6, 31.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3708. Text-fig. 149. Closely related to varicollis, but the pronotum more rotundate laterally, slender, broadest at about middle, not more than one-and-a-half times as broad as long, and with evenly rounded sides. Integument covered with round, well-separated, dense primary granules, as well as with extremely fine secondary granules. The granulation on episternum of prostermim reaching the lateral margin, without distinct submarginal area. Elytra with narrowly rounded shoulders and very fine, sparse, setiferous primary granules; secondary granulation inconspicuous. The distinctive characters in the 0- as in varicol/is. AEDEAGUs.-{text-fig. 149)-Apicale slender, very slightly narrowed from base to apical portion; apex short and not demarcated; ventral groove very broad. Penis well characterized by the lack of median sulcus on outer surface; robust proximally, becoming gradually constricted on distal half, with sharply pointed, curved apex; outer surface plane. DlMENSIONs.-Length 12 to 16 mm., width 6t to 7i mm., height 4t to 5!mm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 215 TYPB LoCALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-North-Western Natal. November to March .. Allopatric with varieollis. LoCALITIBS.-Natal.-New Hanover Distr. (11): New Hanover (N); Dalton (S).-Pietermaritzburg Distr. (12) (S).-Estcourt Distr. (8): WilIowgrange (St); Frere (S); Doorn KIoof (T).

Subgroup of terricola (Fahraeus)

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) terricola (Fahraeus)

v. • 1870 Trachynotus terricola Fithraeus, p. 278.-1873 Haag, pp. 8, 30.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3706. sensu fatioTe PI. XXIII, fig. 1; text-figs. 81 and 150. Dull, setiferous. Head densely rugose. Bristles on distal segments of antennae blackish. Pronotum broadest at or a little behind middle, two- thirds or a little broader than long, convex, with evenly rounded and more or less strongly dilated sides. Integument covered densely with fine, coarse, round granules, bearing semi-erect, dark brown bristles. Epister- num of prosternum with narrow and smooth submarginal area along middle. Elytra from rather flattened to strongly convex, with rounded shoulders. Primary costa situated at about middle or only slightly approxi. mated to suture, abruptly ending beyond top of apical declivity. Lateral interval (in caudal aspect) from steep to strongly flattened, broader than dorsal interval; without or with broad submarginal depression. Integu. ment with more or less dense, fine secondary granules and scattered, sharp to very coarse, setiferous primary granules, which form a more or less distinct median row on dorsal interval, rarely also on lateral interval. Pseudopleural margination distinctly, often strongly crenulate. Abdomen densely punctured and setiferous; the middle of basal sternite in the ｾ＠ rugose and often feebly convex, in the'c3' with very densely, sharply granulated longitudinal callus. In the c3' the underside of anterior tibiae , with concentrated pale pilosity, the underside of intermediate tibiae with a very small apical brush. AEDEAGUs.-{text-fig. 150)-Apicale distinctly shorter than basale, very broad basally, gradually narrowed towards apex; the latter rather strongly prolongate, but broad and weakly demarcated; dorsal surface plane, with deep but not gaping median division apically; ventral surface with strongly dilated inflexed alae on proximal two-thirds, considerably constricting the opening of groove, and pocket-like ･ｮ｣ｬｯｾｩｮｧ＠ penis. Penis broad proximally, more or less narrowed distally, with very sharply pointed, briefly curved apex; outer surface compresseti, tectiform, canaliculate along midline, with broad median sulcus on apical portion; inner surface simply grooved. TYPE LoCALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Transvaal, Orange Free State, Basuto- land, North-Eastern Cape Province. December to April. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 216 I. MOLURINI

(\ A B c D FIG. 150.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) terricola setulosus (Haag, 1873).- A=apicale, ventral surface; B=penis, lateral view; C=penis, inner surface; D=penis, outer surface.

SUBSPECIES

Granulation on elytra scattered, very coarse, slightly larger than granules on pronotum; elytra usually strongly convex, with the steep lateral interval (in caudal view) considerably broader than dorsal interval; submarginal depression very narrow or absent. Sides of pronotum more evenly and less strongly dilated. terricola terricola (Fahraeus)

DIMENSIONs.-Length 13 to 15t mm., width 7 to 9 mm., height 5* to 6t mm. LOCALITIES.-Northern part 0/ Transvaal.-Pretoria Distr. (17): Pienaars River (T).-Waterberg Distr. (38): Plat River (T).-Lydenburg Distr. (42) (T) Granulation on elytra rather dense, finer, about as large as granules on pronotum or slightly smaller; elytra usuaIly more or less flattened, with less steep to faintly concave lateral interval, and usually with broad and well defined submarginal depression; lateral interval (in caudal view) only slightly broader than dorsal interval. Sides of pronotum more abruptly and strongly dilated. terricola setulosus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus setulosus Haag, pp. 6, 31.-1910 Gebien, p. 165.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3707. DIMENSloNs.-Length llt to 18t mm., width 5* to 9 mm., height 3;f to 6* mm. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 217

TYPE LOCALITy.-"Cap". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Miinchen (!). No further records. Hitherto considered species propria. LoCALITIES.-Southern part 0/ Transvaal.-Districts of Johannesburg (20) (St); Wakkerstroom (6) (T); Ermelo (35) (St); Potchefstroom (IS): Venters- kroon (T); Lichtenburg (8): Delareyville (T); and Christiana (2) (L).- Orange Free State.-Districts of Bloemfontein (7) (T, St); Bethulie (6): Springfontein (Rh); Smithfield (12) (S); Zastron (15) (T); and Bethlehem (31) (St).-South-Eastern Bechuanaland: Gaberones (Z).-Baslltoland.-Leribe and Mamathes (T), Lessuto (Z), Likhoele (S), Mount Machache and Mahlatsa (L).-East-Cefl/ral and North-Eastern Cape Province.-Districts of Adelaide (64) (St); Wodehouse (68): Jamestown (Rh); Steynsburg (54) (Z); Queenstown (62) (Rh); Aliwal North (113) (S); and Albert (112): Burghersdorp (S, St).

j/2. vestitus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 69, §41)

Characters as in the sordidus-group, but the suture on elytra plane and not carinate. KEY TO SPECIES

1. Pronotum strongly convex, narrower, one-and-a-half to one-and- two-thirds times as broad as long, with rather moderate dilation of sides. Pseudopleural margination simple. Upper surface of body covered densely with bi-coloured bristles. 2 Pronotum flattened, very transverse, more than twice as broad as long, with strongly rounded dilation of sides. Pseudopleural margination double, with considerably raised upper edge, composed of large, abraded tubercles. Upper surface of body with scattered, very short, unicolorous, pale bristles. testudo sp. nov. (p. 220) 2. Shoulders distinctly produced, enclosing posterior angles of pronotum; lateral portion of elytral base sinuate or einarginated outwards from mesothoracic peduncle; lateral interval with a broad median stripe of pale bristles. Pronotum strongly convex, more slender, one-and-a-third to not quite one-and-a-half times as broad as long, broadest considerably behind middle; submarginal depression confined to a fine canaliculation along lateral carina. In the d' the middle of basal sternite with very fine granules. Outer surface of penis plane, not canaliculate. zumpti sp. nov. (p. 219) Shoulders simply rounded, not enclosing posterior angles of pronotum; lateral portion of elytral base straight outwards from mesothoracic peduncle; the pale vestiture on lateral interval resolved into more or less irregular patches. Pronotum more strongly transverse, broadest a little behind middle, one-and-a-half times as broad as long or broader, less convex, with distinct submarginal depression. In the d' the middle of basal sternite with large, round, shiny granules. Outer surface of penis canaliculate and with median sulcus on distal portion. . vestitus (Haag) (p. 218) Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 218 I. MOLURINI

A c B

FIG. IS1.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) vestitus (Haag, 1873).-A= apicale, ventral surface; B=apicale, dorsal surface; C=penis, outer surface.

Somatic us (Trichotrachys) vestitus (Haag)

v. • 1873 Trachynotus vestitus Haag, pp. 6, 30.-1910 Gebien, p. 16S.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3701. Text-fig. 15I. Upper surface dull, densely setiferous. Head elongate, densely rugose, but the cuticle practically concealed by a very dense. double vestiture of bristles of a yellowish-white and a testaceous colour, concentrated on both sides of median frontal patch. Eyes longer than broad, barely longer than genae, roundish and emarginated behind middle. Genae obsoletely separated from epistome. Antennae accrescent, rather short, not reaching pronotal base; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pro no tum moderately convex, broadest well behind middle, about two- thirds broader than long, carinate peripherally, strongly dilated, with submarginal depression and feebly demarcated posterior angles. Anterior margin practically truncate. Integument very densely covered with fine, granular punctures and bi-coloured, adherent bristles; the latter scattered on median line, on a longitudinal patch on posterior half and on a roundish patch on anterior half of lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum densely granulated, setiferous, with subparallel, narrow and smoofh submarginal area. Elytra strongly convex, considerably broader than pronotum, with broadly rounded shoulders. Primary costa sharply carinate, but fine, approximated to suture; no supplementary costulae; suture plane. Lateral interval steep, much broader than dorsal interval; Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somatieus 219 with rather broad submarginal depression. Integument with scattered, very fine granules, densely covered with bi-coloured, adherent bristles, interrupted by irregular, small, smooth patches, but bristles scattered on. submarginal depression. Abdomen with fine, sparse, setiferous punctures, concentrated on anal sternite. In the cJ the middle of the two basal sternites with dense, transversely confluent granulation, and on underside of anterior tibiae with apical brush. AEoEAGus.-(text-fig. 15l)-Apicale distinctly shorter than basale, slightly constricted basally, with converging apical portion and prolongate, narrow apex; dorsal surface sparsely punctured, with the long median division feebly gaping apically; ventral groove broad and open. Penis robust, narrowed apically, with very sharply pointed, almost straight apex; outer surface with complete median canaliculation, which is broadened distally; inner groove open. DIMENSIONs.-Length lIt to 15 mm., width 5-!- to 8* mm., height 4 to 5* mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Sud-Afrika". Type in Zoolog. Staats-Sammlung, Munchen (!). No further records. DISTRIBU)"ION AND HABITAT.-Transvaal, Orange Free State ·and Southern Rhodesia. From January to April. LOCALITIFS.-Transvaal.-Districts of Johannesburg (20) (T, D); Brakpan (24) (T); Pretoria (17) (T); Heidelberg (27): Balfour North (N); Piet Retief(7) (N); Lydenburg (42) (T); Pilgrims Rest (43): Mariep Moun- tain (T); Rustenburg (12): Rustenburg (N) and Koster (S); Waterberg (38): Plat River (T).-Orange Free State.-Districts of Kroonstad (23) (T) and Senekal (26): Marquard (St).-Southern Rhodesia.-Charter Distr. (15): Enkeldoorn (T).

Somatieus (Trichotrachys) zumpti sp. nov.

Text-figs. I52A, 152B and 153. Closely related to vestitus, but narrower and of smaller size. Head as in vestitus, but the antennae more elongate. Pronotum narrower, only one-and-a-half times as broad as long, with the strong dilation of sides more closely approximated to base. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) slightly sinuate in front of posterior angles, shallowly arcuate and not angularly dilated as is the case in vestitus. Submarginal depression indistinct. Integument as in vestitus. Elytra more slender, only slightly broader than pronotum, with the sides rounded and narrowed towards base, and small, but distinctly produced shoulders (in vestitus the broad elytra are practically subparallel behind the rather prominent shoulders). The upper contours (in caudal aspect) forming a continuously, strongly arcuate line, whereas in vestitus they are straightly and obliquely raised to meet the horizontal outlines of dorsal interval at a distinct angle. Lateral interval convex. Integument very similar to vestitus. AEOEAGUs.--Sirnilar to vestitus. Apicale sometimes longer than basale; distinctly dilated basally, subparallel or with slight constriction at middle; apex variable according to subspecies. Penis thin, differing from vestitus in lacking the median canaliculation on outer surface. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Northern Transvaal and Southern Rhodesia. April. DEOICATION.-Named in honour of Dr F. Zumpt, S.A. Institute of Medical Research, Johannesburg. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 220 I. MOLURINI

Flo. 152A.-Somalicus (Tricholr!1chys) zumpli zumpli ssp. nov.-Dorsal view.

SUBSPECIES Apicale of aedeagus distinctly longer than basale; apex demarcated, long and spiniform (text-fig. 152B). Body slightly more slender. zumpt; zumpt; nov. Text-fig. 152A. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 9* to 12t mm., width 4t to 6t mm., height 3* to 4t mm. LocALITIEs.-Transvaal.-Districts of Pretoria (17): Pretoria, 1948 (G. van Son, I d''i', types in Transvaal Museum); Potgietersrus (39) (R. F. Lawrence, S); Rustenburg (12) (F. Zumpl, F); Pietersburg (40) (A. l. T. lanse, S); Zout- pansberg (44): Lake Funduzi and Blaauwberg (T). Apicale of aedeagus as long as basale; apex not demarcated, short and triangular (text-fig. 153). Body slightly broader. zumpti rhodesiallus ssp. nov. DIMENSIONs.-Length lit to 12t mm., width 5t to 6t mm., height 4t to 4tmm. LoCALITy.-Soulhern Rhodesia.-Salisbury Distr. (27): Salisbury (2 d'd', holotype in Transvaal Museum, paratype in South African Museum). Somaticus (Trichotrachys) testudo sp. nov. PI. XXIII, fig. 3; text-fig. 154. Dull; covered with scattered, short, unicolorous bristles. Head with sparse, very fine punctures. Eyes slightly broader than long, about as long Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 1. SomaticuS 221

1528 153

Flo. lS2B.-Aedeagus of Somatleus (Triehotrachys) zumpti zumpti ssp.nov.- Apicale, dorsal surface. Flo. lS3.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotraehys) zumpti rhodesianus ssp.nov.- Apicale, dorsal surface.

as genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae separated from epistome. Antennae moderately long, dilated distally, densely covered with yellow bristles on proximal segments, with black bristles on distal segments; apical segment as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum flattened, sharply carinate peripherally, very broad, broadest well behind middle, more than twice as broad as long, with strongly dilated, depressed sides. Anterior margin emarginated.· Sides behind dilation strongly curved and narrowed towards base; posterior angles very widely obtuse. Integument with dense, extremely fine, briefly setiferous punctures on disc, with fine, elongate rugosities and dense, longer yellowish bristles on lateral portions. Episternum of pro sternum with very fine, rather scattered, setiferous granules; the smooth submarginal area broad, occupying a third of episternal width. Elytra similar to vestitus, very broad, with rather prominent, almost rectangularly rounded shoulders, and with the sides subparallel behind base. Costal arrangement, suture and lateral interval as in vestitus. Integument uniformly covered with very fine, rather scattered granules, bearing sh9rt, depressed, unicolorous, yellowish bristles. Pseudepleura with strongly double margination, with the upper edge formed by a convex, longitudinal group of coarse granules. Abdomen with very fine, dense, subgranular sculpture. ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｯｎｳＮｾｌ･ｮｧｴｨ＠ 14! mm., width 9-1 mm., height 6 mm. DISTRIBUTIoN.-North-Western Transvaal.-Rustenburg Distr. (12): Junction Crocodile and Marico Rivers, II. 1918 (R. Tucker, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in South African Museum). Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 222 I. MOLURINI

REMARKs.-This new species rather strongly resembles S. (Bechuanitis) rugulosicollis, but is undoubtedly a Trichotrachys, exhibiting the characteristic, stiff, squarrose, black bristles on the distal segments of antennae. It agrees with the vestitus-group in the abbreviated primary costa and plane suture on elytra, but differs remarkably in the finely, rather sparsely punctured head and disc of pronotum, as well as by the uniform granulation and unicolorous bristles on elytra. jj3. lutulentus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 68, §40) Two peculiar and strongly differentiated species, which differ from the sordidus-group mainly by the extremely dense and coarse primary granulation on elytra, but absence of secondary granulation. From all the other S. (Trichotrachys), lutulentus is readily distinguished by the oval post- humeral fovea on sides of elytra, and new toni by the shiny, punctured pronotum. KEY TO SPECIES Pronotum dull, broadest slightly behind middle, very strongly and ｳｵ｢｡ｮｧｵｬ｡ｲｾｹ＠ dilated, densely covered with sharp, fine, granular rugosities; discal convexity separated from lateral carina by a broad submarginal depression. Elytra with the lateral interval exhibiting an abrupt, oval impression situated on sides at short distance behind shoulders. lutulentus (Peringuey) (p. 222) Pronotum shining, broadest exactly at middle, with moderately dilated, evenly rounded sides, covered with extremely dense, rather coarse punctures; discal convexity in contact with the lateral carina, which is not depressed. Elytra without post-humeral fovea on sides of lateral interval. . . newtoni sp. nov. (p. 223)

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) lutulentus (Peringuey)

v. • 1899 Trachynotus lutulentus Peringuey, p. 301.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3715. sensu latiore PI. XXIII, fig. 4; text-fig. 155. Upper surface dull; setiferous. Head densely rugose, with the exception of epistome, which is bare, shining, coarsely and sparsely punctured; bristles yellowish, short, rather dense, becoming scattered along midline. Eyes a little longer than broad, longer than genae, convex, emarginated behind middle. Antennae accrescent, with brownish bristles on distal segments; apical segment about as long as pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum convex discally, broadest slightly behind middle, not quite twice as broad as long, carinate peripherally, with subangularly dilated sides. Anterior margin emarginated. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) strongly curved downward behind middle, strongly narrowed towards, and sinuate in front of, posterior angles. Base slightly and transversely impressed, with oblique depressions close to posterior angles. Integument with extremely dense, fine, sharp; granular rugosities; uniformly covered with dense, short, depressed, yellowish bristles, scattered on a longitudinal median patch and irregular lateral patches. Episternum of prosternum with rather broad, smooth submarginal area anteriorly. Elytra broadly Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 223 oval, broader than pronotum, with rectangularly rounded, slightly prominent shoulders. Primary costa sharply carinate, approximated to suture, sometimes fine and much abbreviated posteriorly; suture finely ｣｡ｲｩｮ｡ｴ･ｾ＠ Lateral interval convex, almost twice as broad as dorsal interval, with very broad submarginal depression and post-humeral fovea on sides. Lateral costula slightly indicated by a broad, obtuse, longitudinal convexity, well marked along posthumeral fovea, and composed of obsolescent tubercles. Dorsal interval uneven, with more or less distinct transverse impressions. Integument covered uniformly with an extremely dense, but coarse, sharply raised, briefly setiferous granulation, becoming finer and scattered on apical declivity. Disc of abdomen with dense, fine, briefly setiferous granules. Legs simple. TYPE LoCALITY.-"Lydenburg Distr.". Single holotype in South African Museum. No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Eastern Transvaal and Northern Natal. SUBSPECIES Primary costa on elytra very fine, distinctly carinate only on basal third, abbreviated posteriorly and becoming evanescent in front. of middle. Dilation of sides of pro no tum less strongly subangular. lutulentus lutulentus (P6ringuey)

DlMENSIONS.-Length 11t mm., width 5t mm., height 4!- mm . . Of this form I know only the single holotype from the Lydenburg District (42) in the Eastern Transvaal. Primary costa on elytra sharply carinate and. complete, ending on top of apical declivity. Dilation of sides of pronotum strongly and rather sharply subangular. lutulentus montis-draconis ssp. nov.

AEDEAGUs.-(text-fig. 155)-Apicale much shorter than basale, strongly narrowed in an almost straight line from base to apex; the latter short, obtuse, with very short median division; dorsal surface punctured, with median canaliculation indicated; ventral groove' narrow. Penis subparallel, with strongly curved, sharply pointed apex; outer surface sulcate distally, inner surface grooved. DIMENSIONs.-Length lOt to Ilt mm., width 5t to 6 mm., height 4 to 4tmm. LocALrrY.-Northern Natal: Drakensberg, 1898 (l ｾ＼ｪ＾Ｌ＠ types in Durban Museum).

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) newtoni sp. nov. Text-fig. 156. Black; moderately shiny; setiferous. Head densely and rugosely punctured. Eyes convex, about as broad as long, longer than genae, emarginated behind middle. Pronotum convex, broadest exactly at middle, two-thirds broader than long, carinate peripherally, with mode- ' rately dilated and evenly rounded sides. Integument densely and coarsely punctured, with the intervals between punctures fine, sharply raised, longitudinally confluent to subreticulate; bristles yellowish, depressed, concentrated only in front of base, but very scattered (and probably rubbed off) on disc. Episternum of prosternum finely and densely granulated, setiferous, with subparallel, shiny, smooth submarginal area. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 224 I. MOLURINI

IS JOmm. A 17

FlO. I 54.-Somaticus (Tricho- trachys) testudo sp.nov.- Dorsal outlines (left antenna in lateral view, right antenna in dorsal view). FIG. I 56.-Somaticus (Tricho- trachys) newtoni sp.nov.- A=dorsal outlines (left antenna in lateral view, right antenna in dorsal view); B= profile of elytra in sectional view.

B A

FIG. I 55.-Aedeagus of Somaticus (Trichotrachys) lutu/entus montis-draconis ssp.nov. -A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=penis, outer surface. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 1. Somaticus 225 Elytra broadly oval, broader than pronotum, with broad, slightly produced shoulders and very narrow canaliculate submarginal depression. The upper contours (in caudal view) continuously and strongly arcuate. Primary c;:osta sharply carinate, abbreviated posteriorly and ending in front of top of apical declivity; suture sharply carinate; no dorsal costula, but the lateral costula very slightly indicated by a few small, longitudinally arranged, smooth, obsoletely tuberculiform patches. Lateral interval convex, considerably broader than dorsal interval, with transversely uneven cuticle on sides. Dorsal interval with rather strong transverse impressions. Integument covered uniformly with an extremely dense, round, sharply raised, rather coarse granulation, bearing very short, barely visible, yellowish bristles, obsolescent on apical declivity; the outer declivity of primary costa with smooth, shiny patches. Pseudopleura granulated on inner portion. Abdomen densely punctured and briefly setiferous. Legs slender, with elongate tarsi. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 9-!- mm., width 4i mm., height 3!- mm. DISTRIBUTION .-Zululand. LOCALITY.-Natal.-Nqutu Distr. (28): Nqutu, VII. 1949 (A. H. Newton, 1 spec., probably a ｾＬ＠ holotype in Transvaal Museum). DEDICATION.-Named in honour of Dr. A. H. Newton, who kindly presented to the Transvaal Museum the single holotype of this interesting species. j/4. hispidus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 68, §39) Represented by a single species, which is remarkably differentiated from all the other S. (Trichotrachys) by the slender shape of body and especially by the position of the primary costa on elytra. The hispidus- group appears to be closely related to the vestitus-group on account of the plane elytral suture and similar vestiture of upper surface, but is readily distinguished by the anteriorly abbreviated primary costa which is clearly situated nearer to sides of elytra than to suture, whereas the inverse ratio of this character is found in all the other S. (Trichotrachys).

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) hispidus (Hesse)

v. • 1935 Trachynotus hispidus Hesse, p. 555, fig. 9 (8).-1937b Gebien, p. 275, no. 3720. Text-fig. 157. Upper surface dull, very densely covered with a double vestiture of bristles. Head, with the exception of the shiny and sparsely punctured epistome, very densely rugose, but the sculpture of background almost concealed by very dense, yellowish-white, depressed secondary bristles and dense, rather long, erect, testaceous to brown primary bristles. Eyes considerably longer than broad, longer than genae, emarginated behind middle. Genae well separated from epistome. Antennae moderately long, not reaching pronotal base, distinctly dilated apically, with squarrose, blackish bristles on distal segments; the apical segment a little longer than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum convex, slender, broadest a very little behind middle, only one-and-a-half times as broad as long, carinate peripherally, without submarginal depression, and with broadly rounded, almost subangularly dilated sides. Integument very densely covered with Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 226 I. MOLURINI

FIG. 157.-Somaticus (Trichotrachys) hispidus (Hesse, 1935).-Dorsal view (ex Hesse, 1935). subreticulate, very fine rugosities; vestiture as on head, but the pale secondary bristles more scattered and the erect primary bristles longer, more dense and of a dark brown to blackish tint. Anterior margin subtruncate. Lateral carina (in lateral aspect) only very slightly arcuate. Elytra slender, oblong, not much broader than pronotum, strongly raised, with narrowly rounded, feebly marked shoulders. Primary costa fine, but sharply carinate, rather closely approxim,ated to sides, abbreviated anteriorly as well as posteriorly, ending well in front of top of apical declivity and not reaching base; no supplementary costulae; suture plane. Lateral interval without submarginal depression, much narrower than dorsal interval, very steep, almost perpendicular, but distinctly convex and clearly showing in dorsal aspect; in caudal view, about as broad as dorsal interval. Integument very densely covered with fine, uniform granules and the/same double vestitureas onpronotum. Abdomen with rather dense, fine, pilose punctation. Legs simple. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 10l to 11 * mm., width 4t mm., height 3* to 4 mm. TYPE LOCALITY.-"Metsimaklaba, III. 1930". Type in Transvaal Museum (!). DISTRIBUTION.-South-Eastern Bechuanaland. I know only of the two typical ｾｾ＠ from Metsimaklaba (btwn. Gaberones and Molepolele). jj5. funestus-group (cf. key of groups, p. 67, §38) Very well characterized among all the other S. (Trichotrachys) by the absence of a carinate primary costa on elytra. Resembling the pygmaeus- group of S. (Trachyderes), but sharply separable by the black bristles on distal segments of antennae. On account of the plane suture and the similar vestiture on upper surface related to the vestitus- and hispidus- groups of S. (Trichotrachys). KEY TO SPECIES 1. Bristles on elytra straightly erect; submarginal depression narrow and inconspicuous. 1 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 227 Bristles on elytra from almost adherent to semi-erect and strongly inclined backwards; submarginal depression rather broad and conspicuous. metropolis sp. nov. (p. 227) 2. The erect bristles on pronotum and elytra dense, of a blackish tint. Pronotum broadest distinctly behind middle; lateral carina (examined from side) straightly narrowed from middle to posterior angles. Elytra with a smooth primary stripe. funestus (Fahraeus) (p. 227) The erect bristles on pronotum and elytra scattered, of a bright, orange tint. Pronotum broadest at middle; lateral carina (examined from side) sinuate in front of posterior angles. Elytra without smooth primary stripe. histrio sp. nov. (p. 229) Somaticus (Trichotrachys) funestus (Fahraeus) v. • 1870 Trachynotus funestus Ffihraeus, p. 278.-1873 Haag, pp. 7, 28.-1910 Gebien, p. 164.-1937b Gebien, p. 274, no. 3700. Dull; densely setiferous. Head densely covered with granular rugosities and with more or less depressed, yellowish-white secondary and testaceous primary bristles. Genae not separated from epistome. Eyes small, but longer than broad, longer than genae, roundish, emarginated at antero- inferior angle. Pronotum convex, broadest well behind middle, two- thirds broader than long, carinate peripherally, with submarginal depression narrowly canaliculate. Anterior margin and base sub truncate. Integument densely and rugosely granular, covered densely with a double vestiture of bristles, composed of depressed, whitish-yellow secondary and erect, brown to blackish primary bristles, leaving exposed a narrow median line and two fenestrate patches on middle of lateral portions behind anterior carina. Episternum of prosternum with narrow, subparallel, smooth submarginal area. Elytra oval, convex, broader than pronotum, with distinctly but briefly produced shoulders, and very narrow, canaliculate submarginal depression. Primary costa substituted by a fine, bare, longitudinal stripe, which is distinctly approximated to suture; dorsal and lateral costulae traceable by obsolescent, smooth stripes along midline of intervals; suture plane. Integument covered densely with extremely fine secondary granules and fine, but less dense, sharp primary granules, more concentrated on sloping lateral portions; vestiture as on pronotum, with the pale, depressed secondary bristles indistinctly arranged longitudinally. Pseudopleura with fine, setiferous granules on inner two-thirds. Abdomen densely setiferous, finely granulated, with the granules tending to become transversely confluent. Legs simple. DIMENSIONs.-Length 12 mm., width 6t mm., height 4 mm. TYPE LocALITY.-"Caffraria". Type in Museum Stockholm (!). No further records. DISTRIBUTION.-Probably Northern or Eastern Transvaal. Only the single holotype of this species is known to me. Somaticus (Trichotrachys) metropolis sp. nov. PI. XXIV, fig. 2; text-fig; 158. Closely related to funestus. Dull; black to blackish-brown; densely

16 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 228 I. MOLURINI

A C D B FIG. IS8.-Aedeagus of Somatlctts (Trlchotrachys) metropolis sp.Dov.-A=apicale, dorsal surface; B=apicale, ventral surface; C=penis, inner surface; D=penis, outer surface.

setiferous. Head with fine, rugose sculpture and dense, bi-coloured, depressed bristles, concentrated along inner margin of eyes; the short secondary bristles whitish, the long primary ones of testaceous tint. Eyes small, roundish, longer than broad, slightly longer than genae, emarginated above antero-inferior angle. Genae obsoletely separated from epistome. Antennae not reaching pro notal base, rather strongly dilated and compressed apically; the apical segment a little longer but narrower than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum evenly convex, rather slender, broadest well behind middle, aboutone-and-a-half times as broad as long, carinate peripherally, with very narrow submarginal depression. Sides almost straightly narrowed to the subtruncate anterior margin, broadly rounded and dilated, with minutely demarcated posterior angles. Integument with extremely fine, granular sculpture, densely covered with bi-coloured bristles, of which the primary bristles are semi-erect, but strongly inclined backwards,· scattered on a longitudinal median patch and on irregular patclies on posterior half of disc and lateral portions. Episternum of pro sternum with fine, dense, setiferous granules; submarginal area narrow, subparallel and smooth. Elytra rounded, with subangularly produced shoulders, strongly and evenly convex, broadly depressed along sides, without costal elements and with plane suture. Integument with extremely fine, double, but rather scattered granulation, and with a dense, double vestiture of adherent to strongly depressed bristles, scattered on a median stripe, which is situated distinctly nearer to suture than to sides. Inner half of pseudopleura granulated and setiferous. Abdomen densely punctured, setiferous. In the c! the middle of basal sternite granular; the underside of anterior tibiae with small apical brush. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 1. Somaticus 229 AEnEAGus.---{text-fig. 158)-Apicale distinctly longer than basale, gradually narrowed from base to apical portion; the latter moderately demarcated, with briefly divided, obtuse apex; dorsal surface punctured; ventral surface with broad and open groove, except for the basal portion, where the inflexed alae are dilated. Penis subparallel, converging dist'llly, with almost rounded apical portion, but abruptly acicular and slightly curved extreme apex; outer surface plane, without median structure; inner surface grooved, but the inflexed alae rotundate and practically in contact with each other pre-apically. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 10 to l2-!- mm., width 4-!- to 6-!- mm., height 3 to 4-!-mm. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT.-Transvaal. From March to July. LocALITIEs.-Transvaal.-Districts of Johannesburg (20) (A. L. Capener, F. Zumpt; about 30 spec., types in Transvaal Museum); Pretoria (17) (T, A); Middelburg (29) (T); Lydenburg (42) (T); Rustenburg (12) (F); Waterberg (38): Nylstroom (T).

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) histrio sp. nov.

Similar to both the preceding species, but well distinguished by the scattered and unicolorous bristles on head and pronotum. Head densely rugose and rather densely covered with long, yellowish, depressed bristles. Eyes and antennae as in metropolis. Pronotum convex, broadest at about middle, slightly broader than in metropolis, carinate peripherally, without submarginal depression. Integument covered very densely with confluent, fine, granular rugosities; bristles long, erect, of a bright yellow colour, uniformly and rather sparsely spread over entire surface. Epister- num of prosternum with fine, elongate, setiferous granules, except for the rather broad, smooth submarginal area. Elytra moderately convex, broadly oval, much broader than pronotum, with broadly rounded and very slightly produced shoulders, with only canaliculate submarginal depression, without any trace of costal elements or substituting stripes. Integument with extremely dense, fine granulation; bristles duplicate, composed of scattered, very small, whitish secondary bristles and long, erect primary bristles of a bright yellow tint, slightly inclined backwards, scattered and arranged in a single, longitudinal row on either side of suture. Abdomen with fine, dense, setiferous granules, becoming finer, more scattered and punctiform on distal sternites. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 9i mm., width 4-!- mm., height 3 mm. DISTRIBUTION.-Eastern Transvaal. LOCALITY.-Transvaal.-Lydenburg Distr. (42): Mahoki (F. J. Kroeger, 1 cJ, holotype in South African Museum). k. Subgenus Tropitrachys nov.

Somaticus (Trichotrachys) histrio sp. nov.

1953c Trachynotus (part.) Koch, p. 179 DIAGNOSIS.-Dull, setiferous. Head large, strongly hypognathous, without lateral stripes. Eyes large, roundish, much longer than broad, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 230 1. MOLURINI emarginated above antero-inferior angle. Antennae long, accrescent, covered with pale bristles. Pronotum horizontal, densely punctured, more or less densely setiferous, slender, broadest at or behind middle, with subangular dilation of sides. Elytra of peculiar shape, slender, basally not broader than pronotal base and constricted, shoulderless, strongly raised; with tessellate patches of yellowish bristles, and sharply carinate primary costa, which is sometimes almost confined to sides, when the lateral interval is steep and subvertical; without supplementary costae. Pseudopleural margination simple. Legs elongate. TYPE SPECIES.-Trachynotus peregrinator Koch. COMPOSITION.-Two strongly differentiated species. SYSTEMATIC PosITIoN.-A peculiar group, distinguished by the large head and the basally constricted elytra. The vestiture on upper surface resembles the Trichotrachys, but the bristles on distal portion of antennae are of a pale instead of blackish to dark brown colour. Both species are greatly specialized and do not show any direct relationship to other Trachynotina. DISTRIBUTIoN.-Eastern.-The only tropical subgenus of Somaticus, occurring north of the Southern African border line, in Northern Rhodesia and the north-central part of Tanganyika Territory. KEY TO SPECIES Head, together with eyes, slightly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. I;>ronotum plane, with subangular dilation distinctly behind middle. Elytra shoulderless, with plane to feebly convex tessellate patches of bristles; lateral interval almost perpendicularly steep, in dorsal view and basally several times narrower than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural carina smooth. peregrina tor (Koch) (p. 230)

Head, together with eyes, not broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum with a deep, roundish impression on middle of disc, angularly dilated at middle of sides. Elytra with obliquely sloping shoulders, with the tessellate patches of bristles inserted on. transverse tubercles; lateral interval obliquely concave, less steep, in dorsal view ｾｮ､＠ basally about one-quarter narrower than dorsal interval. Pseudopleural carina sharply serrate-denticulate. tropicalis sp. nov. (p. 231)

Somaticus (Tropitrachys) peregrina tor (Koch)

v. • 1953c Trachynofus peregrinafor Koch, p. 179. PI. XXIV, fig. 4. Upper surface practically dull, setiferous. Head densely punctured, with scattered punctures on epistome; rather densely covered with yellowish, depressed bristles. Genae sharply separated from epistome. Eyes large, convex, almost round, much longer than broad, much longer than genae, emarginated close to antero-inferior angle. Antennae long, extending beyond base of pronotum, accrescent. Pronotum convex, Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 1. Somaticus 231 slender, broadest distinctly behind middle, but only as broad as long or even a trifle longer, with submarginal depression and subangular dilation of sides. Anterior margin subtruncate, finely carinate. Lateral carina not complete, evanescent in front of anterior and posterior angles: Integu- ment densely and rugosely punctured; the dense, depressed yellowish bristles almost concealing the background of cuticle, with the exception of a fine median line and several small patches along middle of lateral portions. Episternum of prosternum with narrow, smooth submarginal area. Elytra strongly raised, slender, shoulderless, broadest behind middle, not quite one-and-a-half times as broad as pronotum, basally only as broad as pronotal base. Primary costa sharply raised, almost confined to sides, prolonged posteriorly; no supplementary costulae; suture carinate. Lateral interval almost perpendicular; in dorsal view and basally several times narrower than dorsal interval; in caudal view only one-quarter narrower than dorsal interval. Integument with very fine, scattered, partially conglomerated granules, intermixed with irregular punctures on lateral interval; bristles yellowish, depressed, arranged in tessellate and conglomerated patches, practically concealing the background of cuticle; the lateral interval with two longitudinal rows of rather coarse punctures, running along primary costa and pseudopleural margination. Pseudopleura setiferous, densely and finely granulated. Abdomen with fine, slightly transverse, asperous to granular punctures, concentrated on anal sternite. Legs very slender and long; in the 0" the underside of tibiae with more or less developed apical brush. AEDEAGUS.-Apicale a little shorter than basale, strongly narrowed from base to apex; the latter not demarcated, narrow and obtuse; dorsal surface with strong, rather long median division; ventral surface with very broad open groove and narrow inflexed alae. Penis subparallel, attenuate apically. DIMENSIoNs.-Length 12 to 141 mm., width 4 to 5 mm., height 3i to 4imm. TYPE LOCALITIES.-"North-Western Rhodesia: Kashitu, N. of Broken Hill, I. 1915; North-Eastern Rhodesia: btwn. Kasempa and Sereuba, and Abercorn, XII. 1942." Type in British Museum (!). DISTRlBUTION.-Northern Rhodesia. All eight typical specimens have been re-examined.

Somaticus (Tropitrachys) tropicalis sp. nov. PI. XXIV, fig. 3. Dull, setiferous. Head, epistome included, coarsely and rugosely punctured, densely covered with depressed, long, yellowish bristles. Eyes large, roundish, much longer than broad, much longer than genae, emarginated above antero-inferior angle. Genae well separated from epistome. Antennae long, extending beyond pronotal base, strongly accrescent; the apical segment distinctly shorter than pre-penultimate segment. Pronotum anteriorly hardly broader than head, broadest at middle, not quite one-and-a-half times as broad as long, very strongly convex discally, but with depressed sides, which are strongly rounded and subangularly dilated. Anterior margin truncate, strongly carinate. Lateral Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 232 I. MOLURINI carina complete, but very fine posteriorly; in lateral aspect angularly sinuate in front of posterior angles. Base straight, immarginate, leaving exposed the foraminal carina laterally. Integument very coarsely and rugosely punctured, but with smooth, fenestrate patches along middle behind anterior carina and along lateral carina anteriorly; bristles yellowish, long, depressed and rather scattered. Episternum of prosternum with fine, elongate setiferous granules; without distinct submarginal area. Elytra strongly raised, slender, moderately broader than pronotum, but basally not broader than pro notal base, with feebly marked and sloping shoulders. Primary costa sharply carinate, prominent, slightly prolonged posteriorly and slightly approximated to sides; no supplementary costulae; suture finely carinate. Lateral interval steep, slightly concave, barely narrower than dorsal interval, without distinct submarginal depression, in caudal aspect a little broader than dorsal interval. Integument with smoothed background of cuticle, transversely tuberculated on dorsal interval and along primary costa and pseudopleural margination on lateral interval, with the rather strongly convex tubercles covered with aggregated, long, depressed, yellowish bristles; lateral interval, moreover, with sparse, coarse and deep punctures. Pseudopleura slightly uneven, with scattered, long yellowish bristles. Abdomen with very fine, discally scattered, briefly setiferous punctures, concentrated on anal sternite. Legs rather long and simple. DIMENSIONs.-Length 15 mm., width 6 mm., height 5 mm. DISTRIBUTIoN.-North-Central Tanganyika Territory. LOCALITY.--,Issansu Distr., V. 1934 (L. Kohl-Larsen, 1 ｾＬ＠ holotype in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt), Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced REFERENCES

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KOCH, C. (1950e). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-V.: Contribution to the knowledge of the Caedius-group of Opatrini and the Crypticini from South of the Sahara. Mem. Mus. Alvaro de Castro, ｌｯｵｲ･ｮｾｯ＠ Marques, I, pp. 35-90, 7 plates. (1951a). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-VII.: Preliminary Notes on the South African Adesmiini. Ann. Transvaal Mus., Pretoria, XXI, no. 4, pp. 385- 417, 3 jigs., 2 plates. ----(195Ib). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-IX.: Arturium nov. gen. Molurinorum ex aft'. Phrynocolus Lacordaire. Atti Soc. Italiana Sc. Nat., Milano, XC, pp. 81-96, 2 jigs., 1 plate. ---- (1951c). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Adesmia. Ent. Blatter, Krefeld, 45/46, pp. 121-130. ---- (1952a). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-VI.: The Angolan Cryptochilini. Publ. Cult. Compo Diamant. Angola, Lisboa, no. 15, pp. 37-90, 48 jigs. ---- (1952b). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-VIlI.: Materials for a monographic study on Eurychorini. Bull. Soc. Fouad I" Entom., Cairo, XXXVI, pp. 1-125, 101 jigs., 2 maps, 13 plates. ---- (1952c). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XII.: Supplementary Notes to Preliminary Articles nos. I, III, V and VIII. Ann. Transvaal Mus., Pretoria, XX11, no. 1, pp. 79-196, 42 jigs., 11 plates. ---- (1952d). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-X11I.: Vorstudien zu einer Monographie der Molurini. Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, Miinchen, IlJ" no. I, pp. 214-349, 3 jigs., 5 plates. ---- (1953a). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-X.: Pycnocerini. Explor. Parc Nat. de l' Upemba, Bruxelles, 24, pp. 1-77, 16 jigs., ·11 plates. ---(1953b). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XI.: New Epitragini and Cryptochilini from the British Museum. Proc. R. Ent. Soc., London, 22, no. 9/10, pp. 155-163, 14 jigs. ---- (1953c). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XIV.: Dber einige neue Molurini aus dem Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Museum zu Budapest. Ann. Hist.-Ntit. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Budapest, Ser. Nova, 111, pp. 137-181, 1 jig., 2 plates. ---- (1953d). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XV.: Revision der Oncotini nov. tribus Opatrinae (= Psectropini Kaszab p.p.). Ark. for Zoologi, Stockholm, Ser. 2, VlI, no. 1, pp. 1-96, 41 jigs., 4 plates. ---- (1953e). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-IlI.: Tenebrionidae from a nest of Tatera. Rev. Zoo I. Botan. Africaines, Bruxelles, XLVII, no. 1/2, pp. 1-30, 18 jigs. ---- (19530. S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XVI.: Vorliiufige Beschreibung neuer Tenebrioniden des Siidlichen Afrikas aus der Sammlung der Universitat Lund. Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, Avd. 2, Bd. 49, no. 9, pp. 1-24, 4 jigs. ---(1953g). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XVlI.: Contribution to the fauna of Angola. Pub!. Cult. Compo Diamant. Angola, Lisboa, no. 16, pp. 61-96, 28 jigs. ---- (1953h). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XIX.: Zwei neue Distretus (Perdistretus) aus dem Belgischen Congo. Ann. Mus. Congo, Tervuren, in-4°, Zool., 1, Misc. Zool. H. Schouteden, pp. 435-439, 3 jigs. ---- (19530. S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXI.: On some new endemic Opatrinae from the Namib Desert. Ann. Transvaal Mus., Pretoria, XX11, no. 2, pp. 231-252, 8 jigs. ---- (1953j). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXII.: Trachyscelis Esquive/i sp. n., the first Southern African representative of the tribe Trachyscelini. Bo!. Soc. Estud. ｍｯｾ｡ｭ｢ｩｱｵ･Ｌ＠ｌｯｵｲ･ｮｾｯ＠ Marques, no. 80, Pp. 1-9, 1 map. ---- (1953k). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXlll.: Heterocheira, an Australian genus, new to the African Continent. Bol. Soc. Estud. Morambique, Lourenro Marques, no. 82, pp. 1-7, 3 jigs. ---(19531). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXIV.: New Portu. East African Species, collected by Dr. A. J. Barbosa. Rev. Faculd. Cienc. Lisboa, 2a Serie, 111, no. 1, pp. 239-310, 25 jigs., 4 maps, 1 plate. ---(l954a). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXIX.: Monograph of the Tenebrionidae of the Parc National de l'Upemba.-2. Explor. Parc Nat. de l' Upemba, Bruxelles, in press. ---- (1954b). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XXV.: New, forgotten or palaearctic genera and species of Opatrinae. Ann. Transvaal Mus., Pretoria, XX11, in press. ---- (1954c). S.A. Tenebrionidae.-XVIlI.: A new genus of Crypticini from Namaqualand. Ann. Transvaal Mus., Pretoria, XX11, in press. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced 236 REFERENCES

LACORDAIRE, T. (1859). Genera des Coleopteres.-Tenebrionides. Paris, pp. 1-4.00. LANRTE DE CASTELNAU, F. L. DE (1840). Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Paris, I-III. LATREILLE, P. A. (1804). Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et des Insectes. Buffon's . Histoire Naturelle, Paris, X. ---- (1829). Les Crustaces; les Arachnides et les Insectes. Cuvier's Le Regne Animal, Paris, ed. /I, V. LECONTE, J. L. & HORN, G. H. (1883). Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Misc. Coli., Washington, 507, pp. 1-567. 3 figs. LESNE, P. (1922). Coleopteres Bostrychides, Clerides, Sphindides et Tenebrionides. Voyage Rothschild Ethiopie et Afrique Orientale Anglaise, Paris, pp. 649- 704, 10 figs., 10 plates. OLIVIER, G. A. (1795). Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes.-Coleop- teres. Paris, III. PALLAS, P. S. (1781). Icones Insectorum praesertim Rossia Sibiriaeque peculiarium quae collegit ed descriptionibus ilIustravit. Erlangen, I. PASCOE, F. P. (1866). Notices of new or little-known genera and species of Coleop- tera.-V. Journ. Entom., London, /I, pp. 443-493, 2 plates. PERINGUEY, L. (1886). Second Contribution to the South African Coleopterous Fauna. Trans. S.A. Phil. Soc., Cape Town, IV, no. 2, pp. 67-195, 4 plates. ---- (1893). Third Contribution to the South African Coleopterous Fauna. Trans. S.A. Phil. Soc., Cape Town, VI, no. 2, pp. 1-134. ---- (1899). Fifth Contribution to the South African Coleopterous Fauna. Ann. S.A. Mus., Cape Town, I, pp. 240-330, 2 plates. ---- (1904/05): Sixth Contribution to the SOllth African Coleopterous Fauna. Ann. S.A. Mus., Cape Town, III, pp. 167-300, 1 plate. QUENSEL, C. (1806). In Schoenherr's Synonymia Insectorum.-I. Eleutherata. REITTER, E. (1904). Bestimmungstballen europaischer Coleoptera.-53. (Dbersicht der Subfamilien der Tenebrioniden.) Verhandl. nat. Ver. Brunn, XLII, pp. 25-189. • ---- (1914). Bestimmungstabellen europaischer Coleoi:>tera.-72. (Scaurini und Sepidiini.) Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch., Berlill, IV, pp. 369-392. ---- (1917). Bestimmungstabellen europaischer Coleoptera.-81. (Vnter- familicin und Tribus der palaarktischen Tenebrionidae.) Wien. Ent. Zeitg., pp. 51-66. WILKE, S. (1921). Die Molurinen-Gattung Phrynocolus Lac. Arch. Naturgesch., Berlin, 87, A 10, pp. 161-174. ---- (1924). Der siidafrikanische Formenkreis der Asidinen. Deutsche Ent. Zeitsch., Berlin, pp. 517-549. Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced SYSTEMATIC INDEX

PAGE Acromaticus n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus acuminatus [Quensell ) 143 Adelostomina, subtribe of Eurychorini .. 24 Adesmiini, characters and distribution 16 Araeoschizini (trib. prop. Casey) = Stenosini 10 Asidini, characters and distribution 22 Bechuanitis n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus brucki Haag) 93 Bombocnodulus n.g. (Molurini, ex aff. Ocnodes) (type Psammodes crinicollis Haag) 36 Bombocnodulus crinicolfis (Haag), oHm Psammodes c. Haag .. 36 Calognathini, characters and distribution 12 Ceromelaephus n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus badeni Haag) .. 87 Clinocranion Sol. (syn. of Trachynotus)=subg. of Somaticus (type Clino- cranion spinosum Solier) 70 Cryptochilina, sub tribe of Cryptochilini .. 14 Cryptochilini, characters and distribution 13 Dactylocaicarini, characters and distribution 26 Diacis n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus regalis Haag) 105 Diodontes sulcatus Solier, discussion 15 Epairopsis n.g. (Molurini, Trachynotina, ex aff. Ossiporis) (type Trachynotus frontalis Haag) .. 47 Epairopsis frontalis (Haag), oHm Trachynotus f Haag 47 Epiphysini (trib. prop. Gebien)= Adesmiini 18 Epitragini (trib. prop. Casey)=Epitragina, subtribe of Tentyriini 19 Ethmus Haag, characters and distribution 44 Eurychorina, subtribe of Eurychorini 24 Eurychorini, characters and distribution .. 24 Histrionotus n.g. (Molurini, Trachynotina, ex aff. Trachynotus) (type Trachy- notus lightfooti Peringuey) 44 Histrionotus lightfooti (Peringuey), olim Trachynotus I. Peringuey Horatomina, subtribe of Cryptochilini 14 Hypomelina, sub tribe of Molurini 36 Meglyphus Motschoulsky, transf. ad Pythiopini. . 10 Microphligra n.g. (Molurini, Trachynotina, ex aff. Ossiporis) (type Phligra minuta Peringuey) 47 Microphligra minuta (peringuey), oHm Phligra minuta Peringuey 47 Molurina, subtribe of Molurini 37 Molurina, moluroid .. 38 phrynocoloid 37 " psammodoid 38 Molurini, characters and distribution 9, 28 Molurini, key to subtribes .. 33 Ossiporis Pascoe, characters and distribution 47 Oxycerus n.g. (Molurini, Trachynotina, ex aff. Ossiporis) \(type Trachynotus resolutus Peringuey) ...... 46 Oxycerus resolutus (Peringuey), oHm Trachynotus r. Peringuey 46 Phanerotomina, subtribe of Molurini 37 Phligra Laporte de Castelnau, characters and distribution 46 Sepidiini (trib. prop. Gebien)=Sepidiina, subtribe of Molurini 33 Somaticus Hope (syn. of Trachynotus)=gen. prop. (type Trachynotus rugosus [Fabricius]) ...... 45,47 Somaticus, all taxonomic changes see systematic and zoogeographical catalogue 50 Somaticus, key to subgenera and morpho-geographic groups 57 Somaticus (Acromaticus) acuminatus-group, key to species 145 Somaticus (Bechuanitis) cinctus-group, key to species .. 97 Somaticus (Ceromelaephus) baden i-group, key to species 87 Somaticus (Diacis), key to species 105 Somaticus (Somaticus) aeneus-group, key to species 81 rugosus-group, key to species 75

237 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by 238 SYSTEMATIC INDEX

PAGE Somaticus (Tracheloeum) carinatus-group, key to species 198 laticollis-group, key to species 179 maculosus-group, key to species 184 silphoides-group, key to species 190 " "vittiger-group, key to species 187 Somaticus (Trachyderes) bipunctatus-group, key to species 118 braunsi-group, key to species 13S goryi-group, key to species 116 gracilipes-group, key to species 127 incostatus-group, key to species 138 pygmaeus-group, key to species 141 tentyrioides-group, key to species 124 " tibialis-group, key to species 132 ｓｯｭｾｴｩ｣ｬｉｳ＠ (Trichotrachys) /unestus-group, key to species 226 lutulentus-group, key to species 222 sordidus-group, key to species 203 " " vestitus-group, key to species 217 Somaticus (Trichotrichus), key to species 109 Somaticus (Tropitrachys), key to species.. 230 Stenosini, characters and distribution 10 Stridulomus n.g. (Molurini, Phanerotomina, ex afr. Phanerotoma) (type Psam- modes sulcicollis Peringuey) 37 Stridulomus sulcicollis (Peringuey), olim Psammodes sulcicollis Peringuey) 37 Tenebrionidae, tenebrioid .. 1 .,. tentyrioid 1 Tentyriinae, discussion 3 Tentyriinae, key to Southern African tribes 7 Tentyriini, characters and distribution 19 Tracheloeum Hope (syn. of Trachynotus)=subg. of Somaticus (type Tracheloeum laticolle Hope) 178 Trachyderes n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus bipunctatus Haag) 112 Trachynotina, subtribe of Molurini 34 Trachynotina, key to genera . . 43 Trachynotus Latreille, characters and distribution 46 Trichotrachys n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus sordidus Gerstaecker) 202 Trichotrichus n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus crinitus Haag) .. 108 Tropitrachys n. (Somaticus subg.) (type Trachynotus peregrinator Koch) 229 Vansonini n. tribe (type genus: Vansonium Koch) 12 Vimsonini, characters and distribution 11 Zopherini, characters and distribution 21 Zophosini, characters and distribution 26 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) by the granted Gateway under licence by Sabinet Reproduced INDEX TO AUXILIARY MAP 2 OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN DISTRICTS (cf. p. xii) Numbers without letters following : Cape Province. Numbers with letters following : B : Bechuanaland. BA : Basutoland. .. M Portu. East Africa Ｈｍｯｾ｡ｭ｢ｩｱｵ･ＩＮ＠ N : Natal. 0 : Orange Free State. R Southern Rhodesia. S South-West Africa. SW: Swaziland. T Transvaal.' A B (continued) Aberdeen 48 Boshof 16 0 Adelaide 64 Bothaville and Viljoenskroon 18 0 Albany 35 Brakpan .. 24 T Albert 112 Brandfort 20 0 Alexandria 34 Bredasdorp .. 15 Alfred 2 N Brits .. 13 T Aliwal North 113 Britstown 107 Alto Limpopo 18 M Bronkhorstspruit 18 T Amaramba 44 M Bulalimamangwe 7 R Amersfoort 45 T Bulawayo 5 R Angopia 41 M Bultfontein v. Hoopstad B Butterworth .. 90 Buzi .. 24 M Bavanango 37 N Bakhatia Reserve 6 B C Bakwena Reserve 1 B Bamangwato Reserve 8 B Caledon 13 Bangwaketse Reserve 2 B Calitzdorp 23 Baralong Reserve 4 B Calvinia 41 Barberton 37 T Camperdown 15 N Barkly East Jl6 Cape Town 1 Barkly West .. 128 Carnarvon 103 Barue .. 28 M Carolina 34 T Batawana Reserve 10 B Cathcart 76 Beaufort West 45 Ceres .. 42 Bedford 63 Charter 15 R Beira .. 25 M Chemba 29 M Belfast 33 T Cheringoma .. 22 M Belingwe 13 R Chibi .. 2 R Belleville 4 Chibuto 8 M Benoni 23 T Chilimanzi 10 R Berea .. 7 BA Chimoio 21 M Bergville 24 N Chin de 35 M Bethal 31 T Christiana 2 T Bethanie 3 S Clan william 39 Bethulie 6 0 Clocolan 28 0 Bethlehem 31 0 Coles berg 110 Bikita .. 19 R Cradock 56 Bilene .. 9 M Bizana 99 D Bloemfontein 7 0 Bloemhof 3 T Darwin 32 R Boksburg 22 T De Aar 108

239 Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 240 SOUTHERN AFRICAN DISTRICTS

D (continued) H (continued)

Delareyville Hlabisa 44 N v. Lichtenburg Hlatikulu 1 SW Dewetsdorp ., 10 0 Homoine 14b M Dundee (at left of 28, where Hoopstad, Odendaalsrus and the "T" of "NATAL" is Bulfontein .. 17 0 printed) 28a N Hopefield 6 Durban 18 N Hopetown 105 Humansdorp 31 E East London .. 82 Edenburg 3 0 Idutywa 88 Elliot .. 70 Impendhle 7 N Elliotdale 93 Inanda 19 N Engcobo 86 Indwe .. 69 Ermelo 35 T Ingwavuma 42 N Eshowe 40 N Inhambane 15 M Estcourt 8 N Inharrime 16 M Insiza .. 12 R F Inyanga 30 R Ixopo .. 3 N Fauresmith · . 2 0 Ficksburg J v. Fouriesburg Flagstaff 123 Jacobsdal 1 0 Fort Beaufort 65 J ansenville 50 Fouriesburg and Ficksburg 27 0 Johannesburg 20 T Frankfort 29 0 Fraserburg · . 44 K G Karibib 10 S , Keetmanshoop 4 S Gaberones and Lobatsi 5 B Keis Kamma Hoek .. 78 Gaza .. 10 M Kenhardt 101 George 26 Kentani 91 Germiston 21 T Kimberley 129 Gideon 6 S King William's Town 80 Glen Grey 72 Klerksdorp 11 T Gobabis 18 S Kliprivier 23 N Gordonia 124 Knysna 27 Gorongosa 31 M Komga 81 Govuro 19 M Koppies Graaff-Reinet 51 v. Vredefort Groblersdal ., 28 T Kranskop 33 N Grootfontein 17 S Kroonstad 23 0 Guija .. 6 M Krugersdorp and Randfon- Gurue 45 M tein .. 14 T Gutu .. 17 R Kuruman and Postmasburg 125 Gwanda 1 R Gwelo 9 R L H Ladismith 20 Ladybrand 14 0 Hanover 52 Lady Grey 114 (Hanover, New II N) Laingsburg 19 Harrismith · . 32 0 Leribe 8 BA Hartley 23 R Letaba 41 T Hay .. 126 Libode 95 Heidelberg, Cape 18 Lichtenburg and Delareyville 8 T Heidelberg, Tv. 27 T Lindley 24 0 Heilbron 22 0 Lions River ., 9 N Helpmakaar ., 29 N Little NamaquaJand .. 100 Herbert 106 Lobatsi Herschel 115 v. Gaberones Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by SOUTHERN AFRICAN DISTRICTS 241

L (continued) N Lomagundi 31 R Namacurra .. .. 33 M ｌｯｵｲ･ｮｾｯ＠ Marques .. 4 M Namaqualand, Little 100 Lower Tugela 20 N Ndanga .. .. 18 R Lower Umfolozi 39 N Ndwedwe 13 N Luederitzbucht 5 S Nelspruit 36 T Lugela 47 M Newcastle 22 N Lusikisiki 96 New Hanover 11 N Lydenburg .. 42 T Ngotshe 34 N Ngqeleni 97 Nhamarro 46 M M Nigel .. 26 T Nkandla N Macanga 40 M 32 Mac1ear 83 Nongoma 35 N Mafeking 131 Nqamakwe 75 3 Nqutu .. 28 N Mafeteng BA R Magude 7 M Nyamand.hlovu 3 Mahlabatini .. 36 N Makoni 29 R Malmesbury .. 5 o Maltahoehe 5 S Odendaalsrus Manhica 2 M v. Hoopstad Manica 23 M Mankaiana SW Okahandja .. 12 s 2 Omaruru 14 s Mapumulo 21 N Otjiwarongo .. 15 s Maputo 5 M Oudtshoorn Maraisburg 55 25 Marandellas .. 28 R Maravi 39 M Marico 9 T P Marracuene 3 M Marromeu 36 M Paarl .. 9 Maseru 6 BA Panda 14a M Massinga 12 M Parys Matatiele 118 v. Vredefort Matobo 8 R Paulpietersburg 26 N Mazoe 24 R Pears ton 57 Mbabane 3 SW Peddie 37 Melsetter 20 R Philippolis 5 o Middelburg/Cape 53 Philipstown 109 Middelburg/Tv. 29 T Pietermaritzburg 12 N Middel Drift 79 Pietersburg .. 40 T Milange 48 M Piet Retief .. 7 T Mocuba 49 M Piketberg 38 Mohale's Hoek 2 BA Pilgrim's Rest 43 T Molteno 59 Pinetown 17 N Montagu 16 Polela .. 6 N Mopeia 34 M Port Elizabeth 33 Morrumbala 32 M Port Shepstone 1 N Morrumbene 20 M Port St. Johns 98 Mossel Bay .. 22 Posmasburg Mossurize 26 M v. Kuruman Mount Ayliff 122 Potgietersrus 39 T Mount Currie 120 Po tchefstroom 15 T Mount Fletcher 117 Pretoria and Warmbaths 17 T Mount Frere .. 119 Prieska 104 Mqanduli 89 Prince Albert 24 Mrewa 25 R Msinga 30 N Mtoko 26 R Q Mtonjaneni 38 N Mtunzini 41 N Queenstown .. 62 Muchopes 11 M Quelimane 37 M Murraysburg 47 Qumbu 84 Mutarara 43 M Quthing 1 BA Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted the Publisher (dated 2011) 242 SOUTHERN AFRICAN DISTRICTS

R U (continued) Randfontein Umzingwane .. 6 R v. Krugersdorp Urnzinto 4 N Rehoboth 8 S Underberg 5 N Reitz .. 30 0 Uniondale 28 Richmond/Cape 49 Utrecht 25 N Richmond/Natal 14 N V Riversdale 21 Robertson 14 Van Rhynsdorp 40 Roodepoort 19 T Ventersburg ., 25 0 Rustenburg 12 T Ventersdorp .. 10 T Rouxville 13 0 Venters tad 111 Vereeniging .. 16 T S Victoria East 67 Victoria/Rhodesia 14 R Sabie .. 1 M Victoria West 46 Salisbury 27 R Vilanculos 13 M Schweizer Reneke 1 T Viljoenskroon . Sebungwe 22 R v. Bothaville Selukwe 11 R Volksrust 5 T Sena · . 30 M Vrede 33 0 Senekal 26 0 Vredefort, Koppies and Shangani 4 R Parys 21 0 Simons town .. 3 Vryburg 130 Smithfield 12 0 Vryheid 27 N Sofala 27 M Somerset East 58 W Somerset West 12 Wakkerstroom 6 T Springs 25 T Walvis Bay .. 7 S Standerton · . 32 T Wankie 21 R Stellenbosch .. 11 Warmbad/SWA 1 S Sterkstroom .. 60 Warmbaths Steynsburg · . 54 v. Pretoria Steytlerville .. ' 30 Warrenton St. Marks 73 v. Taung Stockenstroom 66 Waterberg 38 T Stutterheim · . 77 Weenen 31 N Sutherland 43 Wellington 8 Swakopmund 9 S Wepener no Swellendam .. 17 Williston 102 Willowmore .. 29 T Willowvale 92 Tabankulu 94 Winburg 19 0 Tarka 61 Windhoek 11 S Tati · . 9 B Witbank 30 T Taung and Warrenton 127 Witwatersrand Tete · . 42 M v. Johannesburg, Roode- Thabanchu · . 8 0 poort, Randfontein, Trompsburg .. 4 0 Krugersdorp, Ger- Tsolo .. 85 miston, Boksburg, Tsomo 74 Benoni, Brakpan and (Tugela, Lower 20 N) Springs Tulbagh 7 Wodehouse ., 68 Tuli 7 B Wolmaransstad 4 T · . Worcester 10 U Wynberg 2 X Ubombo 43 N Uitenhage 32 Xalanga 71 (Umfolozi, Lower 39 N) Z Umlazi 16 N Umtali 16 R Zastron 15 0 Umtata 87 Zavala 17 M Umvoti 10 N Zoutpansberg 44 T Umzimkulu 121 Zumbo .. 38 M Reproduced by Sabinet Gateway under licence granted by the Publisher (dated 2011) (dated granted by the Publisher licence Sabinet Gateway under Reproduced by