Medicinal Plants Known from Wayanad

Medicinal Plants

Known from Wayanad

N. Anil Kumar Salim P.M V. Balakrishnan & V.V. Sivan

M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation MSSRF, CAbC hand book No.8.

Medicinal Plants known from Wayand A checklist with Local Names, Botanical Names, Habit and Habitat

N. Anil Kumar, Salim P.M, V. Balakrishnan & V.V. Sivan

Date of Publication: 23-11-2001

Revised Edition: 06-06-2007

M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Community Agrobiodiversity Centre Puthoorvayal, P.O., Kalpetta, Wayanad- 673121, Kerala Phone- 04936 204477, E-mail [email protected]

Type setting and compilation of illustrations: Shyja. K.N

Printing:

Contents

Acknowledgement …………………………………… 4

Introduction …………………………………… 6

Checklist of Medicinal Plants …………………………………… 8

Index to Botanical Names …………………………………… 45

Index to Local Names ……………………………………. 54

Reference …………………………………… 57

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to Professor M.S. Swaminathan, Chairman for his critical comments on the checklist and encouragement for its publication. Thanks are also due to Mr. Ratheesh Narayanan, Senior Scientist, MSSRF and Mr. P.J. Chackochan, Secretary, Wayanad Vanamoolika Samrakshana Sangham for their contributions in correcting the scientific name and giving correct local name and habitat.

Abbreviations

ST - Small Tree

MT - Medium Tree

LT - Large Tree

VLT - Very large Tree

INTRODUCTION

The plants capable of contributing to the health security of humans and their domesticated animals have, always fascinated human beings. They called such herbage as medicinal plants, and made use of its different parts- roots, leaves, bark, stem, flowers, fruits, and seeds for curing many ailments varying from simple discomforts to serious diseases. WHO’s finding that about the 80% of people in developing countries rely on plants for their primary health care needs still remains true, particularly in villages of countries in the tropical world. The Indian society from very ancient times recognized the value of the healing plants, and employed them in various ways for keeping their health II green”. It is estimated that there are about 400,000 registered traditional medical practitioners in India now working in Ayurveda, Unani, Sidha and the Ethnic health care systems. (Jason and Cherla 1998) In China; the healfh care system ‘is largely based on medicinal plants, and more than 5000 species are used to treat at least 40% of urban patients and 90% of the rural families (Anon.2000)

Although a number of plants have been utilized effectively for medicine and food in the day-to-day life of a traditional society in Indian villages, this tradition is slowly diminishing to the extent of loosing all our good traditions including the health care culture. Ironically, the western society has now recognized the great potential of the herbals in healing many of the present day ailments. This has now resulted in a high-level market demand for such herbs and herb derived products. For instance, during 1998-1999 the trade in herbal products was for US $ 700 million in Europe, US $ 200 million in Japan, and US $ 300 in South America (Annon.2000), but it was about US $ 150 million only in Asia during this period of time. The Asian region, which is very rich in medicinal plant wealth and traditional knowledge on herbal usage, except China is yet to emerge as a competitor in this field. India can take a lead roJe in this sphere, since it has over 5000 species of medicinal plants in which at least 10% is endemic to the country, if research, production and marketing are coordinated in an effective manner. The government of India has recently set up a Medicinal Plants Board to give integrated attention to all aspects of Medicinal Plants conservation and sustainable and equitable use.

At Wayanad- a haven of both medicinal plants and traditional medical practitioners, the Community Agrobiodiversity Centre (CAbC) of MSSRF has attempted in helping the villagers to revitalize and conserve their health-care heritage. 5 The tribal and rural communities of this district had their traditions intact till recently, and have been us.ing a large number of species for their health security system. Unfortunately, several such species as well as the traditions of healing diseases with plants and other biological materials are facing serious threats due to the impact of “modern civilization”. The most important early warning sign in terms of the preservation of traditional health care practices is the alarming erosion of knowledge about the healing methods and also the much faster genetic erosion in medicinal plant diversity. The fundamental cause of the loss of such knowledge and the depletion of biological resources is our simple ignorance about the value of our heritage and its application in present day life. Hence CAbC has given much importance to make people understand the importance of revitalizing their conservation traditions through a three-pronged strategy- research, extension and field level action. The steps involved include awareness generation, analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and action.

Most of the medicinal plants listed out here have been collected from habitats like wet- lands (44), wayside t.hickets (1 66) and forests (289) (See Chart III). It is observed that the prevailing harvesting methods in case of most of these plants are unsustainable. Because of the practices adopted the regeneration capacity of the plants is becoming a limited factor in many cases. Also the habitats where most of the medicinal plants commonly occur are destroyed in various ways. Our study shows that among the primary health care plants in the district, the practice of using the reproductive part and the entire plant is more than that of using roots or leaves alone. Currently many of these medicinal plants are available only in interior forests and thus the local raw drug collectors mostly women of tribal communities have to walk a long distance inside the forests to collect these plants. Among the 637 medicinal plants listed with this publication, trees and herbs are utilized more for medicinal purposes (See chart-I) The analysis shows that about 150 species are collected for their stem, 139 for roots and 136 species for the whole plant (See chart-II)

This checklist is an attempt to nventories in a systematic manner all the known medicinally important species seen in wild as well as grown in Wayanad district. We hope this compilation would stimulate the preparation of more publications dealing with useful information on each of the species listed out in this booklet. I also hope this booklet will be useful for those who want to know about the extent of diversity of medicinal plants in this part of Western Ghats.

13-09-2001 N. Anil Kumar 6

S1. USEFUL No. BOTANICAL NAME LOCAL NAME LOCAL NAME HABIT HABITAT PARTS

ACANTHACEAE 1 Andrographis atropurpurea (Denn) Kattukiriyath Herb Forest Whole Plant Alston Im«p-In-cn-bm¯v 2 Asystasia gangetica (Linn.) T.Anders D¹nbw Uppliyam Herb Forest & Cultivated Whole Plant 3 Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Kiriyath Herb Cultivated Whole Plant Wall. Incn-bm¯v 4 Barleria courtallica Nees Im«p-]mÀÆ-Xn, sh¬Ip- Kattuparvathi, Venkurinhi Herb Forest Leaf & Root dnªn 5 Hygrophila ringens (L.) Steud. Neerchulli Herb Wet Land Slender twig & \oÀ¨pÅn Leaf 6 Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R. Vayalchulli Herb Wet Land Whole Plant & S.M. Almeida hbÂ¨pÅn 7 Justicia adhatoda Linn. BS-tem-SIw Chittadalodakam Shrub Cultivated Root & Leaf 8 Justicia betonica Linn. A¸, shÅ-¡p-dnªn Appa, Vellakurinhi Shrub Way Side Root & Leaf

9 Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. hmXw-sImÃn (hb-eäv) Vathamkolli (Violet) Shrub Way Side Whole Plant 10 Nilgirianthes auriculatus Nees Ipdnªn Kurinhi Shrub Forest Root 11 Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees Karinkurinhi Shrub Cultivated Stem bark & Icn-¦p-dnªn Root 12 Thunbergia fragrans, Rox. apdn-Iq«n Murikootty Climbers Wayside Leaf ADIANTACEAE 13 Adiantum capillus - veneris Linn. IpXn-c-hmen Kuthiravali Herb Walls Leaf 14 Adiantum caudatum Linn. ]p{Xw-Nmcn Puthramchari Herb Way Side Whole Plant AIZOACEAE 15 Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. sImgp-¸-¨o-c, hjf¨oc English Cheera, Sambaar Herb Cultivated Leaf Cheera

7 ALANGIACEAE 16 Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f)Wang At¦mew Angolam S. T. Leaf & Root Bark AMARANTHACEAE 17 Achyranthes aspera Linn. IS-emSn Kadalady Herb Forest & Road Side Slender twig & Root 18 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. sNdqf Cherula Herb Way Side Whole Plant 19 Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R.Br. s]m¶mw-I®n Ponnamkanni Herb Paddy Field Whole Plant 20 Amaranthus spinosus Linn. apÅ³Noc Mullancheera Herb Way side, Leaf & Root Homestead 21 Amaranthus viridis Linn. sNdp-Noc Cherucheera Herb Way side, Whole Plant Homestead 22 Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Cherukadalady Herb Way side, Whole Plant sNdp-I-S-emSn Homestead AMARYLLIDACEAE

23 Pancratium triflorum Roxb. Im«pÅn Kattulli Herb Rock Crivices Tuber ANACARDIACEAE 24 Anacardium occidentale Linn. ]d-¦n-amhv Parankimavu MT Cultivated Fruit, nut &stem

25 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Ipf-amhv Kulamavu MT Forest Whole Plant 26 Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f. tNcv Cheru MT Forest Stem 27 Holigarna nigra Bourd. ae-t©cv Malancheru LT Forest Stem &Fruit 28 Holigarna longifolia Buch Ham.ex. Roxb. tNcv Cheru LT Forest Stem & Fruit 29 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr. Icbw (D-Zn) Kareayam (Udhi) MT Forest Bark 30 Fruit, Bark & Mangifera indica Linn. amhv Mavu MT All over Gum 31 tX³sIm-«, Ae-¡p- Semecarpus anacardium Linn.f. tNcv Thenkotta, Alakkucheru MT Forest Fruit 32 Spondias pinnata (Linn.f) Kurz. A¼gw Ambazham LT Forest Fruit & Bark ANNONACEAE

33 Annona reticulata Linn. B¯-¸-gw, sh®oÀ¸gw Aathapazham, Vennirpazham ST Cultivated Fruit & Stem 8 34 Annona squamosa Linn. Cu\mw ]gw Eenaam pazham ST Cultivated Fruit & Bark 35 Cananga odorata(Lam.) Hook.f.& Th. at\m-c-RvPn\n Manoranjini T Cultivated Flower 36 Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair Im\-ss¡X Kanakaitha MT Forest Gum 37 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner) Thw. Ac-W-acw Aranamaram MT Cultivated Stem APIACEAE

38 Centella asiatica (Linn) Urban IpS-§Â/ap¯nÄ Kudangal / Muthii Herb Way side Whole Plant 39 Coriandrum sativum Linn. sIm¯-aÃn Kothamalli Herb Cultivated Whole Plant 40 Cuminum cyminum Linn. PocIw Jeerakam Herb Cultivated Seed 41 Daucus carota Linn. Imcäv Carrot Herb Cultivated Tuber 42 Eryngium foetidum. Linn. ssakqÀ aÃn Mysore Malli Herb Cultivated Whole Plant 43 Ferula asafoetida Linn. Imbw Kayam ST Cultivated Gum APOCYNACEAE

44 Allamanda cathartica Linn. tImfm¼n Kolambi Shrub CultivatedlGarden Stem 45 Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) RBr. Ggn-ew-]me Ezhilampala LT Forest Bark, Root, Latex 46 Alstonia venenata RBr. Xo¸me Theepala ST Forest Fruit 47 Carissa carandas Linn. Shrub Cultivated Root 48 Carissa spinarum A.DC apÅn Mulli Shrub Way side Root 49 Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G.Don \nXy IÃ-ymWn Nithya Kalyani Shrub Cultivated Whole Plant 50 Chonemorpha fragrans S.G.Don s]cpw-¦p-dp¼ Perumkurumba Climber Wayside Root 51 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Wall IpS-I-¸me Kudakapala ST Forest Stem & Bark 52 Bark, Leaf Ichnocarpus frutescens RBr. ]mÂhÅn Palvally Climber Way Side &Root 53 Bark, Leaf & Nerium oleander L. Acfn Arali ST Cultivated Root 54 Plumeria alba Linn. Cug-s¨-¼Iw Ezhachempakam ST Cultivated Latex 55 Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. AaÂs¸mcn/kÀ¸KÔn Amalpori, Sarpagandhi Shrub Way Side Whole Plant 56 Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linn. Shrub Way Side Whole Plant 9 sIm¡-¸me/In§n-Wn- 57 Tabemaemontana heyneana Wall. ¸me Kokkapala, Kinginipala ST Forest Whole Plant 58 Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. Iq\³]me Koonanpala ST Forest Whole Plant 59 Thevetia peruviana (pers.) Merr. aª Acfn Manja Arali Shrub Way Side Bark Bark -Root & 60 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. shÂ¸m-e, Z´-¸me Velpala, Danthapala ST Forest Latex 61 Wrigtia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. A¿w-]m-e, abn-ew-]me Ayyampala, Mayilampala ST Forest Bark & Root ARACEAE 62 Acorus calamus Linn. hb¼v Vayambu Herb Cultivated Rhizome 63 Anaphyllum wightii Sohott Iocn-¡n-g§v Keerikizhangu Herb Forest Rhizome Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) 64 Nicolson var.campanulatus tN\ Chena Herb Cultivated Tuber Amorphophallus paeonifolius 65 var.paeonifolius Im«p-tN\ Kattuchena Herb Forest Tuber 66 Arisaema leschenaultii BI. Icnw-I-c-W, Im«p-tN\ Karimkarana. Kattuchena Herb Forest Tuber 67 Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott \mK-I-c-W, Im«p-tN\ Nagakarana. Kattuchena Herb Forest Tuber 68 Colocasia esculenta (Linn.) Schott tN¼v Chembu Herb Cultivated Tuber 69 Colocasia antiquorum Sohott Xmfv Thalu Herb Wet Land Tuber & Fruit 70 Lagenandra ovata (Linn.) Thw. Icnw-t]mf Karimpola Herb Forest Whole Plant Wet Land/Paddy 71 Pistia stratiotes Linn. sImS-¸m-bÂ Kodappayal Herb Field Whole Plant Fruit, Stem & 72 Pothos scandens Linn. ]cn-hÅn Parivalli Climber Forest Leaf 73 Raphidophora pertusa (Roxb) Sohott B\-N{I/B\-¯n-¸en Aanachakra / Aanathippali Climber Forest Fruit 74 Remusatia vivipara Schott ac-t¨¼v Marachembu Herb Forest Tuber ARECACEAE 75 Areca catechu Linn. Ihp§v Kavungu Tree Cultivated Fruit 76 Arenga wightii Griff. sR«n-¸-\, aew-sX§v Njettippana, Malamthengu ST Forest Pith Powder 77 Borassus fIabellifer Linn. Icn-¼\ Karimpana MT Pith Powder 78 Calamus thwaitesii.Becc. & Hook.f. hen-b-Nq-cÂ Valiya Chooral Climber Forest Root 10 79 Calamus rotang Linn. NqcÂ Chooral Climber Forest Root 80 Calamus travancoricus Bedd. Acn-¨q-cÂ Arichooral Climber Forest Root & Fruit 81 Calamus rheedi Griff Im«p¨qcÂ Kattuchooral Climber Forest Root 82 Caryota urens Linn. Np-¸-\, B\-¸\ Choondappana, Anappana MT Cultivated Pith Powder 83 Cocos nucifera Linn. sX§v Thengu MT Cultivated Root & Fruit Slender twig & 84 Pandanus padanaceae odoratissimus L.f. s]cpw-ssIX Perumkaitha ST River Side Fruit 85 Pinanga dicksonii (Roxb.) Blume Im\-I-hp§v Kanakavungu ST Forest Fruit Slender twig, 86 Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. Im«v Cu¯, Cu¨-¸pÃv Kaattu Eetha, Eachapullu Shrub Forest Stem & fruit ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 87 Aristolochia indica Linn. Ic-fIw Karalakam Climber Wayside Whole Plant 88 Aristolochia tagala Cham Kcp-U-s¡mSn Garudakodi Climber Wayside Whole Plant 89 Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou AÂ]w Alpam Shrub Forest Whole Plant ASCLEPIADACEAE 90 Asclepias curassavica Linn. Nph¶ Fcp¡v Chuvanna Erukku Shrub Wayside Leaf & Root 91 Calotropis gigantea (Linn) R. Br. Fcp¡v Erukku Shrub Wayside Leaf Calotropis procera (Willd) Dryand 92 eX.W.Ait shÅ Fcp¡v Vella Erukku Shrub Wayside Leaf Slender twig & 93 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.)R.Br. N¡-c-s¡mÃn Chakkarakkolli Climber Wayside Leaf 94 Hemidesmus indicus (Linn.) R.Br. \¶mdn Nannari Herb Wayside Tuber 95 Holostemma adakodien Schult. AS-]-Xn-b³ Adapathiyan Climber Wayside Tuber 96 Hoya pendula Wight. tlmb Hoya Climber Wayside Whole Plant 97 Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)chiov. then-¸-cp¯n Veliparuthi Shrub Wayside Whole Plant 98 Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb) Voigt tkma-eX Somalatha Shrub Cultivated Whole Plant 99 Tylophora indica (Brumf.) Merr. hÅn-¸me Vallippala Climber Wayside Leaf 100 Tylophora tetrapetala (Dennst.) Suresh hÅn¸me, \©-dp-¸³ Vallippala Long, Nanjaruppan Climber Wayside Whole Plant

11 ASTERACEAE 101 Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Im«¸ Kattappa Herb Wayside Root & Leaf 102 Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp Im«pIÀ¸qcw Kattu Karppuram Shrub Wayside Root & Leaf 103 Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn. Iªp®n/I¿q-Wyw Kanjunni, Kayyunniam Herb Paddy Field Whole Plant B\-¨p-hSn/B\-b-Sn- 104 Elephantopus scaber Linn. b³ Aanachuvadi, Anayadian Herb Forest Whole Plant 105 Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. apbÂsN-hn-b³ Muyal Cheviyan Herb Wayside Whole Plant Slender twig& 106 Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl A¿-¼\ Ayyampana Herb Cultivated Leaf 107 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Xp½Â sNSn Thummal Chedi Herb Sandy Lands Leaf 108 Kleinia grandiflora (Wall.ex Dc.) Rani hnj-I--I³ Vishakandakan Herb Cultivated Whole Plant 109 Pentunema indicum (L.) Ling ]pjvI-c-aqew Pushkaramoolam Shrub Cultivated Root 110 Sphaeranthus africanus Linn. AS-¡m-a-Wn-b³ Adakkamaniyan Herb Paddy Field Whole Plant 111 Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. AS-¡m-a-Wn-b³ Adakkamaniyan Herb Paddy Field Whole Plant 112 Spilanthes calva DC. ]Ãp-th-Z\ sNSn Palluvedana chedi Herb Paddy Field Leaf 113 Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Im«pPocIw Kattujeerakam Shrub Wayside Seed 114 Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Icn-©o-cIw Karinjeerakam Shrub Cultivated Seed 115 Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham- sImS-hm-cn, Ic-W-acw Kodavary,Karanamaram MT Wayside Leaf 116 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less- ]qhm-¦p-dp-´Â Poovamkurunthal Herb Wayside Whole Plant 117 Wedelia chinensis (osbeck) Merr aª-I-¿q-Wyw Manjakayyunniam Herb Wayside Whole Plant 118 Xanthium indicum Koenig Herb Wayside Whole Plant BALSAMINACEAE 119 Impatiens scapiflora Heyne IÂ¯m-ac Kalthamara Herb Wayside Whole Plant BERBERIDACEAE Mahonia leschenaulti (Wall ex Wight) Mullukadambu, (Maram 120 Takeda apÅp-I-S¼v Manjal) Shrub Forest, Shola Forest Stem & Bark BIGNONIACEAE 121 Oroxylum indicum (Linn) Benth. ]e-I-¸-¿m\n Palakappayyani ST Forest Root,Bark,Stem 12 & Leaf

122 Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schum Bgm´ Azhantha ST Forest Root Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) 123 Schum. ae-ap-cn§ Malamuringa ST Forest Stem Stereospermum chelonoides (Linn. f) 124 DC. ]mXncn Pathiri LT Forest Root Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham.ex 125 Dillw.) Mabb. ]q¸m-Xncn Poopathiri LT Forest Bark & Root BIXACEAE 126 Bixa orellana Linn. Ipc§paªÄ Kurangumanjal ST Cultivated Fruit & Seed BOMBACACEAE 127 Bombax ceiba Linn. apÅn-e-hv (-]q-f) Mullilavu (Poola) LT Forest. Root & Seed. 128 Cullenia exarillata Robyns apÅ³]men Mullanpali LT Forest Seed BORAGINACEAE 129 Heliotropium indicum Linn. th\Â]¨ (tX¡-S) Venalpacha (Thekkada) Herb Paddy Field Leaf 130 Rotula aquatica Lour. IÃqÀh©n Kalloorvanchi Shrub Riveside Root BRASSICACEAE 131 Brassica campestris Linn. ISpIv Kaduku Herb Cultivated Seed BROMELIACEAE 132 Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merr. ssIX-¨¡ Kaithachakka Herb Cultivated Fruit BURSERACEAE 133 Canarium strictum Roxb. sXÅn-¸-bn³, ]´w Thellippayil, Pantham LT Forest Gum & Stem Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn.) Infn-acw/Infn CSn- 134 Engl. ªnÂ Kilimaram, Kili idinjil ST Forest Bark 135 Garuga pinnata Roxb. Im«p-s\Ãn Kattunelly MT Forest Leaf CACTACEAE 136 Opuntia nigricans Haw. N¸m-¯n-¡Ån Chappathikkalli Shrub Cultivated Whole Plants CAESALPINIACEAE

13 Root ,Bark & 137 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. aª-a-´mcw Manjamantharam MT Cultivated Leaf Leaf Bark & 138 Caesalpinia crista Linn. Ig©n Kazhanji Forest Seed Flower'& Slender 139 Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. IqapÅv Koomullu Shrub Wayside twigs 140 Caesalpinia sappan Linn. N¸§w Chappangam MT Cultivated Wood 141 Cassia absus L. Icnw-sImÅ Karimkolla Herb Wayside Leaf 142 Cynometra remiflora Linn. Ccn¸ Irippa MT Cultivated Leaf 143 Humboltia brunonis Wall. ae-b-timIw Mala Ashokam ST Forest Bark Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb.ex 144 DC.) Harms Ipfhv Kulavu LT Riverside Stem 145 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde AtimIw Ashokam ST Cultivation Whole Plant 146 Senna alata Linn. Bäp-X-Ic/B\-X-Ic Aattuthakara, Aanathakara Shrub Riverside Leaf 147 Senna tora Linn. XIc Thakara Herb Wayside Whole. Plant 148 Tamarindus indica Linn. ]pfn Puli LT Cultivated Leaf & Fruit CANNACEAE 149 Canna indica L. N¡-c-t¨¼v Chakkarachembu TB Cultivated Rhizome CAPPARACEAE 150 Cleome monophylla Linn. hmÄI-SpIv Valkaduku Herb Forest Whole Plant 151 Cleome viscosa Linn. thf Vela Herb Forest Seed 152 Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. \oÀam-Xfw Neermathalam ST Riverside Bark Root CARICACEAE 153 Carica papaya Linn. ]¸mb, IÀaqk Pappaya, Karmusa ST Cultivation Gum & Fruit CELASTRACEAE Fruit, Leaf & 154 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Infn-Xo-\n-¸ªn Kilitheenippanhi Climber Wayside Root 155 Salacia fruiticosa Heyne GI\mbIw Ekanayakam Climber Wayside Root CLUSIACEAE 14 156 Calophyllum calaba Linn. sNdp-]p-¶, Bäp-]p¶ Cherupunna, Aattupunna LT Wayside Whole Plant 157 Garcinia cowa Roxb. Im«p IpS-¸pfn Kattukudampuly ST Forest Fruit 158 Garcinia gummi- gutta (L.) Robs. IpS-¸pfn Kudapuli MT Cultivation Fruit 159 Garcinia indica (Gaertn.) Desv. NnIncn Chikiri ST Forest Fruit Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. Ex 160 Roxb.) Kosterm. ipcw-]p¶ Surampunna MT Forest Buds Flower seed& 161 Mesua ferrea Linn. hb-\mhv Wayanavu LT Forest Bark Flower seed& 162 Mesua nagassarium (Burm.f.) Kosterm \mK-acw Nagamaram MT Cultivated Bark COMBRETACEAE Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) 163 Wall. agp-¡m-ªncw Mazhukanjiram MT Cultivated Bark Woody Slender twig, 164 Calycopteris floribunda Lam. ]pÃm\n Pullani Climber Forest Root sImÃ-¯n-¸q, Ipe-a- Kollathippoovu. Kulamarinji, 165 Quisqualis indica Linn. dnªn kÔym-dmWn Sandhyarani Climber Forest 166 Terminalia elliptica Willd. Icn-a-cpXv Karimaruthu LT Forest Bark 167 Terminalia cuneata Roxb. \oÀa-cpXv Neermaruthu LT Riverside Bark 168 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Xm¶n Thanni LT Forest Bark Fruit 169 Terminalia catappa L. _Zmw Badam MT Cultivated Seed 170 Terminalia chebula Retz. Im«pISp¡ Kadukka LT Forest Bark Fruit 171 Terminalia paniculata Roth acpXv Maruthu LT Forest Bark

COMMELINACEAE 172 Murdannia semiteres (Dalz) Sant. \new-]pÃv Nilampullu Herb Wet Land Whole Plant CONNARACEAE 173 Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Merr. IpcoÂ Kureel Shrub Forest Twig & Sturn CONVOLVULACEAE

15 174 Argyreia nervosa (Burmif) Boj. ]mÂhÅn Palvally Climber Wayside Root & Leaf 175 Argyreia sp AS¼v Adambu Climber Forest Tuber 176 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb aqSn-Ãm¯mfn Moodillathali Herb Wayside Whole Plant 177 Evolvullus alsinoides (Linn.) hnjvWp-{Im´n Vishnukranthi Herb Wayside Whole Plant 178 Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. ]mÂap-X¡v Palmuthakku Climber Forest Tuber 179 Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker- Gawl. Xmfn Thali Climber Wayside Whole Plant 180 Ipomoea pestgridis Linn. ]pen-¨p-hSn Pulichuvady Climber Wayside Whole Plant 181 Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. Np«n-¯mfn Chuttythali Climber Wayside Root 182 Merremia hastata (Desr.) Hall.f. {]km-cWn Prasarani Climber Wayside Root 183 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f. knXmÀapSn Sitarmudi Climber Wayside Root Merremia turpethum (Linn.) Silva 184 Manso {XntImÂ¸-sIm¶ Trikolppakonna Climber Wayside Root CUCURBITACEAE 185 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Cf-h³ Elavan Climber Cultivated Fruit 186 Diplocyclos palmentus (L.) Jeffry then-s¨-Sn, Icn-¦mbn Velichedy, Karinkayi Climber Wayside Whole Plant 187 Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt tImhÂ Koval Climber Cultivated Tuber 188 Cucumis sativus Linn. shÅcn Vellari Climber Cultivated Fruit 189 Colocynthis Citrullus (L.) O.Ktze. Climber Fruit 190 Cucurbita maxima Duch. a¯³ Mathan Climber Cultivated Fruit 191 Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley Npc¡ Churakka Climber Cultivated Fruit & Leaf 192 Luffa acutamgula (Linn) Roxb. ]o¨n§ Peechinga Climber Cultivated Leaf & Fruit 193 Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) Roem. ap¡m-]oc Mukkapeera Climber Wayside Leaf 194 Momordica charantia Linn. ]mhÂ Paval Climber Cultivated Fruit & Leaf Im«v]m-hÂ, sh¬]m- Tuber, Fruit & 195 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. hÂ Kattupaval, Venpaval Climber Forest Leaf 196 Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. Ibv]³]-S-hew Kaipan Padavalam Climber Wayside Whole Plants 197 Trichosanthes nervifolia Linn. Im«p]-S-hew Kattu Padavalam Climber Wayside Whole Plant

16 198 Zanonia indica Linn. ]nWÀhÅn Penarvalli Climber Forest Leaf & Fruit CYCADACEAE 199 Cycas circinalis Linn. Cu´v Eenth ST Cultivated Seed CYPERACEAE 200 Cyperus esculentus Linn hbÂap-¯§ Vayal Muthanga Herb Wayside Tuber 201 Cyperus kyllingia Endl. Ipgn-ap-¯§ Kuzhi Muthanga Herb Wayside Tuber DATISCACEAE 202 Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br. No\n-acw Chenimaram MT Cultivated Stem DILLENIACEAE 203 Dillenia indica Linn. ]«n-¸p¶, ae-¼p¶ Pattipunna. Malampunna MT Forest Bark DIOSCOREACEAE 204 Dioscorea alata Linn. Im¨nÂ Kachil Climber Cultivated Tuber 205 Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. s\mI-¸-In-gn§v Nokappakizhangu Climber Forest Tuber sNdp-In-g-§v, apÅp-In- 206 Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill g§v Cherukizhangu, Mullukizhangu Climber Cultivated Tuber 207 Dioscorea hamiltonii Hk.f. sh®n-¡n-g§v Vennikizhangu Climber Forest Tuber 208 Dioscorea hispida, Dennst. s]mS-h-In-g§v Podavakizhangu Climber Forest Tuber 209 Dioscorea oppositifolia Linn. Ih-e-In-g§v Kavalakizhangu Climber Forest Tuber 210 Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn. \qd-In-g§v Noorakizhangu Climber Forest Tuber 211 Dioscorea tomentosa Koenig ex. Spreng Climber Cultivated Tuber 212 Dioscorea wallichii, Hk. f. \mc-In-g§v Narakizhangu Climber Forest Tuber DIPTEROCARPACEAE IÂ¸-bn-³, Imcm- 213 Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. ªnen Kalpayin, Karanjili LT Forest Gum 214 Vateria indica Linn. shÅ-¸-bn³ Vellapayin LT Forest Gum DROSERACEAE 215 Drosera burmanni Vahl Agp-I®n Azhukanni Herb Riverside Whole Plant 216 Drosera peltata, Sm. Agp-I®n Azhukanni Herb Riverside Whole Plant 17 217 Drosera indica Linn. Agp-I®n Azhukanni Herb Wet Land Whole Plant EBENACEAE 218 Diospyros candolleana Wight Icn-acw Karimaram MT Forest Root 219 Diospyros ebenum Koeing F_Wn Ebani 8T Forest Whole Plant 220 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. ]\¨n Panachi 8M Forest Bark & Fruit 221 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. _oUn-bn-e-acw Bidiyilamaram MT Forest Fruit 222 Diospyros montana Roxb. ae-b-I¯n Malayakathi 8M Forest Fruit 223 Diospyros paniculata Dalz. Icn-shÅ Karivella MT Forest Fruit ELAEOCARPACEAE 224 Elaecarpus tectorius (Lour.) Poir. Imc (h-c-fn) Kara (Varali) LT Forest Fruit 225 Elaeocarpus serratus Linn. Bbn-cw-]-Ã³ Aayirampallan LT Forest Fruit 226 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. `{Zm£w Bhadraksham LT Forest Fruit EUPHORBIACEAE 228 Acalypha racemosa Heyne Xqh Thoova Herb Way side Whole Plant 229 Antidesma acidum Retz. Bim-cn-]pfn Asaripuli ST Forest Bark & Root 230 Antidesma bunius(L.) Spreng. Icn-sh«n Karivetty ST Forest Leaf 231 Aporosal indleyana Wight (Bail) G¨nÂ (sh-«n) Eachil (Vetty) MT Forest Root Baliospermum montanum (Willd) 232 Muell-Arg. \mK-Z´n Nagadanthi Shrub Forest Root 233 Bridelia retusa (L.) Sprang. ssI\n Kaini, Mulluvenga MT Forest Bark 234 Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd. t\{´-h-f-fn, sIm«w Nenthravally, Kottam Climber River side Leaf & Root 235 Croton caudatus Geisel. shÅ CSn-ªnÂ Vella Edinjil ST Forest Bark Seed-Leaf & 236 Croton tiglium Linn. \oÀhmfw Neervalam ST Cultivated Root 237 Croton zeylanicus Muell.-Arg. s]mcn-h« Porivatta MT Forest Bark 238 Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa ]p¯n-eªn Puthilanji MT Fruit & Leaf 239 Euphorbia hirta Linn. ]mÂNoc Palcheera Herb Wayside Whole Plant

18 240 Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. \ne-¸me (Nn-{X-¸m-e) Nilapala (Chitrapala) Herb Way side Whole Plant 241 Euphorbia tirucalli Linn I¼n-¸me Kambipala Shrub Way side Latex 242 Flueggea virosa (Roxb.ex Willd.) Bail. ]nen-¡mb Pilikkaya ST Way side Root & Leaf Glochidion hohenackeri (Muell.- Arg.) 243 Bedd. RmsRm«n Njanjotty ST Forest Bark Glochidion Zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. 244 Juss \ocvsh«n Neeruvetty ST Forest Bark 245 Homonoia riparia Lour. Bäph©n Aattuvanchi ST Riverside Root 246 Jatropha curcas Linn. IÅn (I-S-em-h-W-¡v) Kally (Kadalavanakku) ST Wayside Latex 247 Macaranga indica Wight h« Vatta MT Forest Whole Plant 248 Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. s]mSp-I®n Podukanni MT Forest Whole Plant Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.- Leaf, Fruit & 249 Arg. knµqcw Sindooram ST Forest Root 250 Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. IogmÀs\Ãn Kizharnelly Herb Wayside Whole Plant 251 Phyllanthus emblica L. s\Ãn Nelly ST Forest Fruit & Bark 252 Phyllanthus rheedi Wigld IogmÀs\Ãn Kizharnelly Herb Wayside Whole Plant 253 Ricinus communis Linn. Bh-W¡v Aavanakku Shrub Cultivated Seed & Root 254 Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. I®mw-s]m«n Kannampotty ST Forest Latex 255 Sauropus androgynus (Linn.) Merr. ssakqÀ Noc Mysore Cheera Shrub Cultivated Root & Leaf 256 Tragia involucrata Linn. sImSn-¯qh Kodithoova Climber Wayside Whole Plant 257 Trewia nudiflora Linn. s]cn-¢mhv Periklavu Shrub Riverside Whole Plant FABACEAE Seed-Leaf & 258 Abrus precatorius Linn. Ip¶n Kunni Climber Wayside Root 259 Arachis hypogea Linn. \ne-¡-Se Nilakadala Shrub Cultivated Seed 260 Atylosia lineata W. & A. Im«pXphc Kattuthuvara Shrub Forest Root 261 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. ¹miv Plassu ST Forest Whole Plant 262 Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Im«phmf§ Kattuvalanga Climber Wayside Root

19 263 Canavalia cathartica Thours Im«phmf§ Kattuvalanga Climber Wayside Seed 264 Clitoria ternatea Linn. iwJp]pjv]w Shankhupushpam Climber Cultivated Whole Plant 265 Crotalaria retusa Linn. Inep¡n Kilukky Herb Wayside Whole Plant 266 Dalbergia lanceolaria Linn f. shÅo«o Velleetty MT Forest Bark 267 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Icn-ho«n Kariveetty LT Forest Bark 268 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC Hmcne Orila Shrub Forest Whole Plant sXmgp-I®n (cm-a-\m-a- 269 Desmodium motorium (Houtt) Merr. ¸¨) Thozhukanni(Ramanamapacha) Shrub Forest Root 270 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. \new-]-c, sNdp-]p-ÅSn Nilamparanda, Cherupullady Herb Way side Whole Plant Im«pshän-e, Nph¶ 271 Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. Hmcne Kattuvettila, Chuvanna Orila Shrub Forest Leaf & Root 272 Dolichos trilobus L. Im«p-ap-Xnc Kattumuthira Climber Forest Whole Plant 273 Erythrina stricta Roxb. shÅ-ap-cn¡v Mullumurikku MT Cultivated Bark & Leak 274 Erythrina variegata Linn. apcn¡v Murikku MT Cultivated Bark & Leak 275 Flemingia strobilifera (Linn.) R Br. t]mt¯m-cne Pothorila Shrub Forest Root 276 Indigofera tinctoria Linn. \oe-b-acn Neelayamari Shrub Way side Root & Leaf 277 Indigofera longe racemosa Boiv. Aacn Amari Shrub Cultivated Root & Leaf Im«p-hÅn (h-en-b-\m-bv- 278 Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. sIm-c-W) Kattuvally (Valiyanaikorana) Climber Forest Stem 279 Mucuna monosperma DC. sNdn-b-I¡phÅn Cheriyakakkuvally Climber Forest Seed 280 Mucuna pruriens (Linn.)DC. \mbvIpcW Naikurana Climber Way side Seed & Root 281 Psuedarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn. aqhne Moovila Shrub Forest Root 282 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. th§ Venga LT Forest Wood 282 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierrc. D§v (]p-§v) Ungu (Pungu) ST Riverside Bark 283 Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) Wight AK¯n Agathi MT Cultivated Whole Plant 284 Smithia conferta JE Smith BäpapXnc/ Xh-f-bne Aattumuthira Shrub Riverside Whole Plant 285 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Dgnª Uzhinja Climber Way side Whole Plant 286 Tephrosia tinctoria (Linn. ) Pers. Herb Forest Seed

20 287 Uraria rufescence (DC.) Schind. henb aqhne Valiya Moovila Shrub Forest Root 288 Vigna dalzelliana O. Kzte. Verdc. Im«p-gp¶v Kattuzhunnu Climber Way side Root 289 Vigna Vexillota (L.) A. Rich. Im«p]bÀ Kattupayar Climber Way side Root FLACOURTIACEAE 290 Flacourtia montana Graham Nfncv Chaliru ST Forest Fruit & Bark 291 Flacourtia ramontchi (L.) Herit. h¿¦X Vayyamkatha ST Forest Fruit & Bark Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) 292 Warb. shÅ-\m¦v Vellananku MT Forest Seed 293 Hydnocarpus pentardra (Buch.-Ham.) atcm«n (\o-än-Im-b) Marotty (Neettikaya) ML Forest Seed GENTIANACEAE 294 Canscora diffusa (Vahl) RBr. iX-]pjv]n Sathapushpi Herb Way side Whole Plant 295 Exacum tetragonum Roxb. IfÀ¯p¼ Kalarthumba Herb Way side Whole Plant GNETACEAE 296 Gnetumula Brogn. Ic-W-s¡mSn Karanakody Climber Forest Seed HIPPOCRATEACEAE 297 Salacia beddomei Gamble GI-\m-bIw (sNdpXv) Eakanayakam Shrub Forest Root HYPERICACEAE Wet landlPaddy 298 Hypericum japonicum Thunb. aWn-¡mb Manikkaya Herb Field Whole Plant 299 Hypericum mysurensis Heyne ae-b-S-¡m-aWn Malayadakkamani Shrub Forest HYPOXIDACEAE 300 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Nilampana Herb Way side, Tuber Hypoxidaceae \new-]\ Homestead ICACINACEAE 301 Mappia oblonga Miers. ]o\mdn Peenari ST Forest 302 Sarcostigma kleinii Wight & Arm. HmSÂ Odel Climber Forest Whole Plant LAMIACEAE 303 Gomphostemma heyneanum Benth. Xos]-cpIv Theeperuku Shrub Forest Roof 21 304 Isodon wightii (Benth.) Hara Ipdp-Ip-dp¡ Kurukurukka Herb Way side Whole Plant 305 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Spreng Xp¼ Thumba Herb Way side Whole Plant 306 Leucas biflora (Vahl.) RBr. sh¬Xp¼ Venthumba Shrub Way side Whole Plant 307 Leucas ciliata Benth. aew-Xp¼ Malamthumba Herb Way side Whole Plant 308 Leucas indica (L.) R.Br. Xp¼ Thumba Herb Way side Whole Plant 309 Ocimum americanus Sims Im«pXpfkn Kattuthulassi Shrub Way side Leaf 310 Ocimum basilicum Linn. cma-Xp-fkn Ramathulassi Shrub Cultivated Leaf 311 Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke IÀ¸q-c-Xp-fkn Karpoora thulassi Shrub Way side Whole Plant 312 Ocimum sanctum Linn. IrjvW-Xp-fkn Krishna Thulassi Shrub Cultivated Leaf 313 Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen Im«pXr-¯mhv Kattuthrithavu Shrub Cultivated Leaf Plecteranthus ambonicus (Lour.) 314 Spreng. ]\n-¡qÀ¡ Panikoorkka Herb Cultivated Whole Plant 315 Plecteranthus zeylanicus Benth. Ccp-then Iruvely Herb Cultivated Whole Plant 316 Plectranthus malabaricus Benth. ]md-¡qÀ¡ Parakkoorkka ForestlRock Whole Plant 317 Pogostemon gardneri Hook.f. `qX-N-S-b³ Bhoothachadayan Shrub Way side Leaf 318 Pogostemon paniculatus (Willd.) Benth. ]¨ne Pachila Herb Cultivated Leaf & Stem LAURACEAE 319 Cassytha filiformis Linn. s\¿vhÅn Neyyuvalli Climber Forest Whole Plant 320 Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burmif) Bl. Idp-¸, Ce-aw-Kew Karuppa, Elamangalam MT Forest Bark Seed 321 Cinnamomum verum Pres Idp-h-¸« Karuvappatta MT Forest Bark Leaf 322 Litsea stocksii (Meisner) Hook.f hcn-¡oc Varikeera MT Forest Leaf 323 Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm. IpfnÀamhv Kulirmavu LT Forest Bark LECYTHIDACEAE 324 Barringtonia racemosa (Linn.) Spreng. kap-{Z-hmfw Samudravalam, Samudrakka MT Cultivated Bark Seed 325 Careya arborea Roxb. t]gv Pezhu ST Forest Bark & Flower LlLIACEAE

22 326 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. IämÀhmg Kattarvazha Herb Cultivated Whole Plant Chlorophytum attenuatum (wight) 327 Bakes hnc-ssIX Virakaitha Shrub Forest Tuber 328 Dracaena temiflora Roxb. aª-Im´ Manhakantha Shrub Forest Root 329 Gloriosa superba Linn. tat´m¶n Maenthonni Herb Forest Tuber 330 Iphigenia indica (Linn.) A. Gray \oÀ]\ Neerpana Herb Forest Tuber Prostasparagus racemosus (Willd.) 331 Oberm. iXm-h-cn, \oen-s¨Sn Sathavari, Neelichedi Climber Forest Tuber 332 Smilax zeylanica Linn. Icn-bn-em©n Kariyilanchi Climber Forest Root LOBELIACEAE 333 Lobelia nicotianaefolia Roth Im«p-]p-I-bne Kattupukayila Shrub Way side Stem & Leaf LOGANIACEAE 334 Strychnos nux- vomica Linn. Imªncw Kanhiram MT Forest Bark 335 Strychnos potatorum Linn.f. tXämw-]-cÂ Thettamparal MT Forest Root 336 Strychnos colubrina L. hÅn-¡m-ªncw Vallikanhiram Herb Way side Whole Plant LORANTHACEAE 337 Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn.f.) Etling C¯nÄ¡®n Ittilkanni Shrub Forest Stem LYTHRACEAE 338 Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. ]qa-cpXv Poomaruthu ST Forest Bark Bark, Leaf & 339 Lawsonia inermis Linn. ssaem©n Mylanchi ST Cultivated Flower 340 Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. XmXncn Thathiri ST Way side Flower & Root MAGNOLIACEAE 341 Michelia champaca Linn. shÅ-sN-¼Iw Vellachempakam MT Cultivated Flower & Root 342 Michelia nilagirica Zenk. Im«psN¼Iw Kattuchenpakam ST Forest Flower & Root MALPIGHIACEAE 343 Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz ]¶n-hÅn Pannivally Climber Forest Leaf MALVACEAE 23 Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) 344 Moench sh− Venda Shrub Cultivated Fruit 345 Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medit Im«psh− Kattuvenda Shrub Forest Root 346 Abelmoschus moschatus (Linn.) Medit IkvXq-cn-sh− Kasthurivenda Shrub Cultivated Fruit 347 Abutilon indicum (Lamk.) Sweet Xp¯n, h«p-cp«n Thuthy, Vatturutty Shrub Way side Root & Bark 348 Hibiscus hispidissimus Gritt. Im¡-¸q-hv, ]\Nyw Kakkappovu, Panachiam Climber Way side Leaf Slender twig & 349 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. sN¼-c¯n Chembarathy Shrub Cultivation Flower 350 Kydia calycina Roxb. shÅ-¨-S¨n Vellachadachi MT Forest Leaf 351 Lampas (Cav.) Dalz. & Gibs. Im«p-]-cp¯n Kattuparuthy Shrub Forest Root & Fruit 352 Sida acuta Burm.f. Ae« Alatta Shrub Way side Root sNdnb hÅn-Ip-dp- 353 Sida beddomei Jacob t´m«n Cheriya vallikkurunthotty Shrub Way side Whole Plant 354 Sida cordifolia Linn. hÅn-Ip-dp-t´m«n Vally Kurunthotty Shrub Way side Root 356 Sida rhombifolia Linn. Ipdp-t´m«n Kurunthotty Shrub Way side Root Thespesia populnea (Linn) Sol.ex Root.Bark, Leaf, 357 Correa ]qh-civ Poovarassu SM Cultivated Flower& seed 358 Urena lobata Linn. DucIw Oorakam Shrub Way side Root MARANTACEAE 359 Maranta arundinacea Linn. _nem-¯n-Iq-h, Iph Bilathikoova, kuva Herb Cultivated Tuber MARSELIACEAE 360 Marsilea minuta Linn. sRcn§ Njeringa Herb Forest Whole Plant MELASTOMATACEAE Fruit, Bark & 361 Melastoma malabathricum Linn. Im«pN-¡c Kattuchackara Shrub River side Leaf Memecylon malabaricum (Clarke) 362 Cogn. Imimhv Kasav ST Way side Bark 363 Memecylon umbellatum Burm. f Imimhv Kasav ST Way side Root 364 Osbeckia brachystemon Nand. IZfn Kadali Shrub Way side Whole Plant 365 Osbeckia octandra (L.) DC. sNdp-I-Zfn Cherukadali Shrub Way side Whole Plant 24 MELIACEAE Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) 366 Parker sN½cw Chemmaram MT Forest Bark & Seed 367 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Bc-y-th¸v Aryaveppu SM Forest Leaf & Seed 368 Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss. Nph-¶-InÂ Chuvannakil LT Forest Bark 369 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Mia ssI¸-\-c¨n Kaippanarachi Shrub Forest Leaf & Root 370 Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f AInÂ Akil LT Forest Seed 371 Dysoxylum ficiformis (Wt.) Gamble Imc-InÂ Karakil LT Forest Bark 372 Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. shÅ AInÂ Vellakil LT Forest Leaf & Bark 373 Melia dubia Cav. Im«pth¸v Kattuveppu LT Forest Leaf & Bark 374 Naregamia alata Wight & Aru. \ne-\m-cIw Nilanarakam Herb Way side Whole Plant 375 Toona ciliata Roem Nµ-\-th¼v Chandanavel'Rbu LT Forest Bark MENISPERMACEAE 376 Cissampelos pareira Linn. sNdnb ae-Xm§n Cheriya malathangi Climber Way side Root & Stem Coscinium fennestratum (Gaten) 377 Colebr. ac-a-ªÄ Maramanjal Climber Forest Bark Cyclea peltata (Lamk.) Hook f. & 378 Thoms. ]mS-¯mfn Padathali Climber Way side Whole Plants 379 Diploclisia glaucescens (Blume) Diels ae-Xm§n Malathangi Climber Way side Leaf 380 Stephania japonica (Thumb.) Miers Ip«n-Xmfn Kuttythali Climber Way side Whole Plant Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Hook.f & 381 Thoms. Nnä-arXv Chittamruthu Climber Cultivated Whole Plant 382 Tinospora sinensis (Lour) Merr. Im«ar-Xv, t]m¯-arXv Kattamruthu, Pothamruthu Climber Way side Whole Plant MIMOSACEAE 383 Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd Icn-§men Karingali ST Forest Wood 384 Acacia concinna DC. No\n¡ Cheenikka Climber Forest Fruit 385 Acacia farnesiana Willd. hÓn Vahni MT Forest Bark 386 Acacia leucouphloea (Roxb.) Willd shÅ-th-ew Vellavelam LT Forest Bark

25 387 Acacia pennata (Linn.) Willd C© Incha C Forest Bark 388 Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. C© Incha C Forest Bark 389 Adenanthera pavonina Linn. a©mSn Manchadi MT Forest Seed 390 Albizia amara (Roxb) Boivin hc¨n Varachi MT Seed 391 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. s]m«-hmI Pottavaka MT Forest Bark 392 Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Benth. s\³ta-\n-hmI Nenmeni vaka LT Forest Bark 393 Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. Ip¶n-hmI Kunnivaka LT Forest Bark Archidendron monadelphum (Roxb.) 394 Nielson s]m§v (Im-«p-sIm-¶) Pongu(kattukonna) ST Forest Leaf 395 Entada rheedi Spreng. ]cI¡phÅn Paranda, Kakkuvally C Way side Seed 396 Mimosa pudica Linn. sXm«m-hmSn Thottavadi C Way side Whole Plant 397 Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub CcpÄ Irul Forest Bark MORACEAE 398 Antiaris toxicaria Lesch Adm-ªn-en, ac-hpcn Arayanjili, Maravury MT Forest Seed Leaf, Flower & 399 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. ¹mhv Plavu LT Cultivation Fruit 400 Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Ab\n Ayani LT Forest Fruit & Leaf 401 Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. Xn«m Noa, Xoä-¹mhv Thittacheema, Theettaplavu MT Forest Bark 402 Ficus benghalensis Linn. t]cmÂ Peral MT Way side Bark. Bud 403 Ficus dalhousiae MiQ. IÃmÂ Kallal ST Way side Bark 404 Ficus exasperata Vahl tXcIw Therakam ST Forest Bark 405 Ficus hispida Linng ]mdIw Parakam ST Forest Bark 406 Ficus nervosa Heyne Cu¨-acw Eachamaram MT Forest 407 Ficus racemosa Linn. A¯n Athi MT Forest Bark & Fruit 408 Ficus religiosa Linn. Ac-bmÂ Arayal MT Way side Bark 409 Ficus microcarpa G. Rorst L.f. IÃn-¯n, C¯n-bmÂ Kallithy, Ethiyal ST Way side Bark Ficus tinctoria ssp parasitica (Willd) 410 Corner C¯n Ithy SM Forest Bark 26 411 Morus alba Linn. aÄ_dn Mulbery ST Cultivated Bark & Fruit 412 Streblus asper Lour ]cph-acw Paruvumaram ST Forestl Shola Bark MORINGACEAE 413 Moringa oleifera Lamk apcn§ Muringa ST Cultivated Leaf & Root MUSACEAE 414 Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman IÃphmg Kalluvazha ST Forest Seed & Root 415 Musa paradisiaca Linn. hmg Vazha ST Cultivated Whole Plant MYRISTICACEAE 416 Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Ipgn-ap-³ Kuzhimundan SM Forest Bark & Root 417 Embelia ribes Brum.f. hngmÂ Vizhal Climber Forest Fruit Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem.& 418 Schult)DC. A½n-ap-dn-b³ Ammimuriyan Shrub Way side Fruit Knema attenuata(Hk.f. & Thoms.) 419 Warb. tNmc-¸-bn³ Chorappayin MT Forest Gum 420 Maesa Indica (Roxb.) Ipän-hn-gmÂ Kuttyvizhal Shrub Forest Leaf 421 Myristica beddomei King Im«pPmXn Kattujathi MT Forest Seed 422 Myristica fragrans Houtt. PmXn Jathi MT Cultivated Seed 424 Myristica malabarica Lamk. ]ip-]min Pasupasi tT Forest Seed MYRTACEAE 425 Eucalyptus globulus Labill bq¡men Yukkali MT Cultivated Stem 426 Psidium guajava Linn. t]c Pera ST Cultivated Fruit & Bark 427 Syzygium caryophyllatum (L) Alston Rmd Njara MT Forest Fruit & Bark 428 Syzygium cumini (Linn) Skeels RmhÂ Njaval LT Forest Fruit & Bark Syzygium hemisphericm (Wight) 429 Alston shªmd Venjara MT Forest Fruit & Bark 430 Syzygium stocksii Gamble Duthie RmhÂ Njaval LT Forest Fruit & Bark 431 Syzygium travancoricum Gamble sImÃn-Rm-hÂ Kollinjaval LT Forest Fruit & Bark NELUMBONACEAE 27 432 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn Xmac Thamara Herb Water Plant Tuber & Flower NYCTAGINACEAE 433 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Xgp-Xma Thazhuthama Shrub Way side Whole Plant AkÀapÃ (\m-ep-a-Wn- 434 Mirabilis jalapa Linn. s¨Sn) Asarmulla (Nalumanichedi) Herb Way side NYMPHAEACEAE 435 Nymphaea nouchali Brum.f. B¼Â Ambal Herb Water Plant Tuber & Flower OLEACEAE 436 Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. ]n¨n Pichi Climber Way side Whole Plant 437 Jasminum malabaricum Wight Im«p-apÃ Kattumulla Climber Way side Whole Plant 438 Jasminum sambac (Linn) Aiton apÃ Mulla Climber Way side Whole Plant 439 Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Bl. NXp-c-apÃ Chathuramulla Climber Forest Whole Plant 440 Olea dioica Roxb. FSe Edala MT Forest Bark 441 Olea paniculata R.Br. hmÄ FSe Val Edala MT Forest Bark ORCHIDACEAE Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blat & MC 442 Cann ac-hmg Maravazha EF Forest Whole Plant 443 Acanthophippium bicolor Lindl. Herb River side Rhizome 444 Crepidium purpouren (Lindl.) Szlach. Forest 445 Cymbidium aloifolim (L.) SW. I®mw-Xfn Kannamthali EF Forest Whole Plant 446 Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kranz. X³ ac-hmg Thandan Maravazha Herb River side Whole Plant 447 Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh Adp-Iqen Arukooly Herb Forest Rhizome 448 Flikingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. Forest Stem 449 Luisia zeylanica Lindl. Forest 450 Nervila aragona Gaud. Hmcn-e-¯m-ac Orilathamara Herb Forest Whole Plant 451 Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. Ipdp-\-cn-hm-e³ Kurunarivalan Herb Forest Leaf 452 Satyrium nepalense D.Don Herb

28 453 Seidenfia rheedi (SW.) Szlach. PohIw Jeevakam Herb Forest Rhizome 454 Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ac-hmg Maravazha Herb Forest Whole Plant 455 Vanda testacea (Lindl) Reichb. OSMUNDACEAE 456 Angiopteris sp. Shrub River side Leaf 457 Osmunda regalis Linn ae³Np-cpfn Malanehuruly Shrub River side Whole Plant OXALIDACEAE Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) 458 Klotzsch. ap¡pän (\n-ew-sX-§v) Mukutty (Nilamthengu Herb Way side Whole Plant 459 Oxalis corniculata Linn. ]pfn-bm-cne Puliyarila Herb Wet Land Whole Plant PASSIFLORACEAE 460 Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) de Wilde apX¡v Muthaku Climber Forest Rhizome 461 Passiflora edulis Sims ]mj³ {^q«v Passion Fruit Climber Cultivated Leaf & Fruit 462 Passiflora foetida Linn. ]q¨-¸gw Poochapazham Way side Whole Plant PEDALIACEAE 463 Sesamum indicum Linn. FÅv Ellu Herb Cultivated Seed PIPERACEAE 464 Lepianthus umbellata (L.) Rafin ]¶n-s]-cp-Inew Panniperukilam Shrub Way side Stem & Leaf 465 Piper betle Linn. shäne Vettila Climber Cultivated Leaf 466 Piper longum Linn. Xn¸en Thippali Climber Cultivated Root & Seed 467 Piper mullesua Buch.- Ham. Im«psImSn Kattukodi Climber Forest Root & Seed 468 Piper sp \mK-sh-äne Nagavettila Climber Cultivated Root & Leaf 469 Piper nigrum Linn. Ipcp-ap-fIv Kurumulaku Climber Cultivated Root & Seed 470 Piper trioicum Roxb. Im«psImSn Kattukodi Climber Forest Root & Seed 471 Piper hymenophyllum Miq. Im«psImSn Kattukbdi Climber Forest Root & Seed PLUMBAGINACEAE 472 Plumbago indica Linn. sN¯n-s¡m-Sp-then Chethikoduveli Cultivated Tuber & Latex 29 473 Plumbago zeylanica Linn. shÅ-s¡m-Sp-then Vellakoduveli Shrub Cultivated Tuber & Latex POACEAE 474 Arundinella sp. Aa Ama Herb Way side Root 475 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. CÃn Illy, Mula Forest Stem 476 Coix lacryma- jobi L. Ip-aWn Kundamani Shrub Forest Root 477 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. ssXe-]pÃv Thailappullu Shrub Cultivated Leaf Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex 478 Steud.) Wats. sXcph Theruva Shrub Forest Leaf 479 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. Idp-I-]pÃv Karukappullu Herb Forest Whole Plant 480 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.)Nees IÃ³apf Kallan Mula Tree Forest Seed 481 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. ZÀ` Dharbha Shrub Way side Leaf & Root 482 Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. HmS, Cuä Oda, Eata ST River side Seed 483 Oryza fatuva hcn-s\Ãv Varinellu Herb Forest Root & Seed Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. & Mor. Ex 484 Steud.) Baill. Im«v s\Ãv, Ic-s\Ãv Kattunellu, karanellu Shrub Forest Root & Seed 485 Oryza sativa Linn. \h-c-s\Ãv Navaranellu Herb Cultivated Seed 486 Saccharum officinarum Linn. Icn¼v Karimbu Shrub Cultivated Root & Stem 487 Saccharum spontaneum Linn. \mbvI-cn¼v Naikarimbu Shrub River side Whole Plant 488 Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash cma¨w Ramacham Shrub Cultivated Root POLYGALACEAE 489 Polygala elongata Klein ex Willd Aar-Xm-Ú³ sNSn Amruthanjan Chedi Herb Forest Whole Plant POLYGONACEAE 490 Persicaria chinensis (L.) Gross. ]pfn-Xv Pulithandu Shrub Way side Whole Plant 491 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Gomez. Iqh-\©v Koovanunch Shrub River side Whole Plant PONTEDERIACEAE Icnw-Iq-h-fw, 492 Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Press \otemÂ]ew Karimkoovalam, Neelolpaalam Herb Paddy Field Root PUNICACEAE 493 Punica granatum Linn. amXfw Mathalam ST Cultivated Whole Plant RANUNCULACEAE 30 494 Clematis gouriana Roxb. hmX-s¡mSn Vathakodi Climber Way side Stem 495 Naravelia zeylanica (L) DC. Fcn-hÅn Erivalli Climber Way side Stem RHAMNACEAE 496 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Nncn-apÅv Chirimullu Shrub Forest Fruit 497 Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. sXmSen Thodali ST Forest Fruit 498 Zizyphus rugosa Lam. hen-b-sXmSen Valiya Thudadli ST Forest Bark 499 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth sIm«w Kottam ST Forest Leaf RHIZOPHORACEAE 500 Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. h¦W Vankana LT Forest Bark ROSACEAE 501 Rosa alba Linn. ]\n-\oÀ Panineer Shrub Cultivated Flower 502 Rosa chinensis Jacq Im«ptdmkv Katturose Shrub Forest Flower 503 Rosa leschenaultiana Red. & Thory tdmkv Rose Shrub Cultivated Flower 504 Rubus fulvus Focke Im«pap´ncn Kattumunthiri Climber Forest Leaf & Fruit RUBIACEAE Chassalia curviflora (Wall. Ex Kurz) 505 Thw. \oe AaÂs¸mcn Nila amalppory Shrub Way side Root 506 Cinchona ledgeriana Meens knt¦mW Sinkona MT Cultivated Bark 507 Coffea travancorensis W. & A. ]pjvI-c-apÃ Pushkaramulla Shrub Cultivated Root 508 Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Rids. aª-I-S¼v Manjakadambu LT Forest Slender twig 509 Hedyotis auricularia Linn. hc-¼³sIm-Sp-then Varamban Koduvely Herb Way side Whole Plant 510 Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lamk. ]À¸-S-I-¸pÃv Parppadakapullu Herb Way side Whole Plant 511 Hedyotis diffusa Willd. hbÂs\Ãn Vayal Nelly Herb Wet Land Whole Plant 512 Hedyotis herbacea Linn. HmW-Xp¼ Onathumba Herb Wet Land Whole Plant 513 Ixora brachiata Roxb. kqNn-apÃ Soochimulla ST Forest Bark 514 Ixora coccinea Linn. sN¯n, sX¨n Chethy, Thechy ST Way side Root & Flower 515 Ixora elongata Heyne Im«psX¨n Kattu Thechy Shrub Forest Root 516 Morinda tinctoria Roxb. aª-Wm¯n Manjanathy SF Forest 517 Mussaenda frondosa Linn. shÅne Vellila Shrub Way side Leaf & Root 31 518 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser BäptX¡v Aattuthekku LT Forest Bark Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall ex. G. 519 Don) Ridsd. Bäph©n Aattuvanchy ST Forest Bark 520 Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn. AhnÂ]pcn Avilpury Herb Forest Whole Plant 521 Pavetta indica Linn. ]mh« Pavatta ST Way side Leaf & Root 522 Pavetta zeylanica (Hook.f.) Gamble ]mh« Pavatta SB Forest Leaf 523 Psydrax dicoces Gaertn. Ccp-¼-d-¸³ Imc lrumbarappan Kara ST Forest Bark 524 Rubia cordifolia Linn. a©«n Manjatty Climber Way side Root RUTACEAE 525 Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa Iqhfw Koovalam MT Forest Whole Plant 526 Atalantia monophylla (L.) DC. ae-\m-c-Iw, Im«p\mcIw Malanarakam, Kattunarakam ST Forest Leaf & Root 527 Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.f. sNdp-\m-cIw Cherunarakam ST Cultivated Fruit 528 Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr. _w»n-aqkv Bambly Moose ST Cultivated' Fruit 529 Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck Hmd©v Orange ST Cultivated Fruit 530 Clausena austroindica Stone & Nair Im«pIdn-th¸v Kattu Kariveppu ST Forest Fruit 531 Euodia lunu- ankenda Merr. I¼nfn Kambily MT Cultivated Leaf 532 Glycosmis mauritiana (Lamk.) Tanaka ]mWÂ Panal Shrub Way side Fruit & Root 533 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Ipän-¸m-WÂ Kutty Panal :ST Way side Root 534 Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng Idn-th¸v Kariveppu ST Cultivated Leaf 535 Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack. ac-apÃ Maramulla ST Cultivated Root \cn-\m-c-Iw, Im«p-\m- 536 Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicols. cIw Narinarakam, Kattunarakam ST Forest Leaf & Bark 537 Ruta chalepensis L. AcqX Arootha Shrub Cultivated Whole Plant 538 Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lamk. Im¡-s¯m-Sen Kakkathodaly ST Forest Root & Bark 539 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.)DC. sIm¯papcn¡v Kothumurikku ST Forest Bark SALICACEAE 540 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. h©n Vanchi ST River side Leaf & Bark SALVADORACEAE 541 Azima tetracantha Lamk. Fi¦v Esanku Shrub Way side Bark & Leaf

32 SANTALACEAE 542 Osyris quadripartita Salzm. shÅN-µ\w Vella Chandanam ST Forest Leaf 543 Santalum album Linn. Nµ\w Chandanam ST Forest Bark Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) 544 mabb. Ccp-ap-Ån, sImc--acw Lrumully, Koramaram ST Forest Root & Fruit SAPINDACEAE 545 Allophylus serratus (Roxb.) Kurz ap¡-®³t]gv Mukannan Pezhu ST Forest Leaf & Root 546 Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. hÅn Dgnª Vally Uzhinja Herb Way side Whole Plant 547 Harpulia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Nnän-e-a-S¡v Chittila madakku ST Bark 548 Sapindus trifoliata L. ]i-sIm« Pasakotta ST Forest 549 Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken ]qhw Poovam MT Forest Seed & Bark SAPOTACEAE 550 Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) J.F. Macb. Cen¸ Ilippa MT Forest Seed 551 Madhuca neerifolia (Moon) H.J. Lam Bän-en¸ Attilippa MT Forest Flower & Fruit 552 Manilkara zapota (Linn.) P. Royen kt¸m« Sappotta MT Cultivated Fruit 553 Mimusops elengi Linn. Ceªn Elanji LT Cultivated Bark & Fruit 554 Palaquium ellipticum (Dalz.) Bail ]me¡, ]men Palacka, Pali LT Forest Fruit SCROPHULARIACEAE 555 Artanema longifolia (L.) Vatke hmXw-sImÃn Vathamkolly Shrub Cultivated Whole Plant 556 Bacopa monnieri (Linn) Pennel {_Òn Brahmi Herb Paddy Field Whole Plant 557 Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. am§-\mdn Manganarri Herb Way side Leaf & Root 558 Scoparia dulcis Linn. IÃp-cp¡n Kallurukki Herb Way side Whole Plant 559 Torenia travancorica Linn. Im¡-]qhv Kakkappoovu Herb Way side Leaf SELAGINELLACEAE 560 Selaginella Iycopodioides Kcp-U-]¨ Garuda Pacha Herb Forest Whole Plant SIMARUBACEAE 561 Ailanthus exelsa Roxb. s]cp-acw Perumaram ST Forest Bark 562 Samadera indica Gaertn. Icn-sRm« Karinjotta ST Forest Bark SOLANACEAE 33 Fruit, Leaf, Root 563 Datura metel Linn. D½w Ummam Shrub Way side & Flower 564 Datura sanguinea, R. & P \oe-D½w Neela Ummam Shrub Way side Fruit & Leaf 565 Physalis angulata L. sRmSn-sRm« Njodinjotta Herb Way side Whole Plant 566 Physalis peruviana L. sRm« Njotta Herb Way side Leaf 567 Solanum ferox Linn. B\-Np− Aanachunda Shrub Way side Root 568 Solanum violaceum Ortega ]p¯n-cn-Np− Puthari chunda Shrub Way side Root & Fruit 569 Solanum melognena Linn. sNdp-h-gp-X\ Cheruvazhuthana Shrub Way side Root & Fruit 570 Solanum sp. shfp¯ hgp-X\ Velutha Vazhuthana Shrub Cultivated Root 571 Solanum nigrum Linn. aWn¯¡mfn, apSp§ Manithakkali, Mugunga Herb Way side Whole Plant 572 Solanum surratense Burm.f. I-−Imcn Kandakary Shrub Way side Root 573 Solanum virginianum L. Np− Chunda Shrub Way side Root & Fruit 574 Solanum trilobatum L. ]SÀNp− Padarchunda ST Way side Root 575 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Aap-¡p-cw, Ai-z-KÔw Amukkuram, Aswagandham Shrub Way side Root STERCULIACEAE 576 Helicteres isora Linn. CSw-]ncn hew-]ncn Idampiri Valampiri ST Forest Fruit & Leaf 577 Pterospernum diversifolium Bl. CSn-ªnÂ Idinjil ST Forest Bark 578 Sterculia foetida Linn. s]m«-¡m-hfw Pottakkavalam LT Way side Fruit 579 Theobroma cacao Linn. sIms¡m Kokko ST Cultivated Seeds SYMPLOCACEAE Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) 580 Moore ssp. Laurina Nooteb. ]mt¨män Paachotty ST Forest Bark 581 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. hen-b-]m-t¨män Valiya Paachotty MT Forest Bark THEACEAE Im«ptXbn-e, 582 Gordonia obtusa Wall. Im«pIpcW KattutheyiIa ST Forest Leaf TILIACEAE 583 Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi sIm«w Kottam ST Forest Leaf 584 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. NS¨n Chadachi MT Forest Fruit ULMACEAE 34 585 Celtis timorensis Span ZqX, ]o\mdn Dootha, Pinary ST Forest Bark 586 Celtis philippensis Blanco ]o\mdn Pinary MT Forest Wood 587 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch BhÂ Aaval Herb Forest Bark 588 Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Aa-cm¯n Amarathi ST Cultivated CANNABINACEAE

589 Cannabis sativa L. I©mhv sNSn Kanchavu Chedy Shrub Cultivated Leaf, Fruit URTICACEAE 590 Dendrocnide sinuata (BI.) Chew B\-a-b-¡n, B\-hn-c«n Aanamayakki,Anaviratti ST Forest Root 591 Debregaesia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. aWn-en, Im«v s\m¨n Manily, Kattunochy ST River side 592 Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis B\-s¨mdn-bWw Anachoriyanam Shrub Forest Leaf Leaf. Slender 593 Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Bennett s\¿v Xq¼v Neyyu Thoompu Way side twig VERBENACEAE 594 Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murr. sImgp-¡«-tX¡v Kozhukatta Thekku ST Way side Root & Leaf 595 Clerodendrum fragrans R. Br. IpS-ap-Ã Kudamulla Shrub Way side Root 596 Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon sNdp-tX¡v Cheruthekku ST Forest Root 597 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. s]cpIv Peruku ST Way side Root 598 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Ipangv Kumizhu MT Forest Root & Bark 599 Gmelina asiatica Linn. apÄIp-angv Mulkumizhu ST Forest Root sIm§n-Wn, 600 Lantana camara Linn. Acn¸qs¨Sn Kongini, Arippoochedi Shrub Way side Whole Plant 601 Premna latifolia Roxb. apª Munja Shrub Cultivated Root & Leaf 602 Premna tomentosa Willd. ]pg-apª Puzha Munja ST Cultivated Root 603 Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl \new-]pfn Nilampuly Herb Forest Whole Plant 604 Tectona grandis Linn.f. tX¡v Thekku VLT Forest Wood 605 Vitex altissima Linn.f. abn-seÅv Mayilellu LT Forest Root 606 Vitex leucoxylon Linn. f. Bäps\m¨n Aattunochy / Vellanochy ST Forest Root 607 Vitex negundo Linn. Icn-s\m¨n Karinochy ST Forest Leaf & Root VITACEAE 35 608 Ampelocissus indica (L.) planch. Np®m¼phÅn Chunnambuvalli Climber Forest Leaf 609 Cayratia trifoliata (L.) Domin sNmdn-hÅn Chorivalli Climber Forest Root 610 Cissus discolor Blume. Fcp-§m³hÅn Erungan Valli Climber Forest Leaf 611 Cissus quadrangularis Linn. N§ew]c Changalamparanda Climber Cultivated Whole Plant 612 Cissus repens Lam. Fcp-§m³ Erungan Climber Forest Leaf aWn-s¸m-§n, Iew- 613 Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. s]m«n Manipongi, Kalampotty Climber Forest Root ZINGIBERACEAE 614 Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Nnäc¯ Chittaratha Herb Cultivated Rhizome 615 Alpinia galanga (Linn.) SW. Ac¯ Aratha Herb Cultivated Rhizome 616 Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Rosc. Im«c¯ Kattaratha Herb Forest Rhizome 617 Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith D®n-Xvv Unnithandu Herb Forest Rhizom 618 Cucuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. aª¡qh Manja Koova Herb Way side Rhizome 619 Curcuma amada Roxb. am§bn©n Mangainchy Herb Cultivated Rhizome 620 Curcuma aromatica Salisb. IkvXqcnaªÄ Kasthurimanjal Herb Forest Rhizome 621 Curcuma feruginosa Roxb. \oe¡qh Neelakuva Herb Way side Rhizome 623 Curcuma longa L. aªÄ Manjal Herb Cultivated Rhizome 624 Curcuma sp. Nµ\--¡qh Chandanakoova Herb Forest Rhizome 625 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Gew Ealam Herb Cultivated Seed 626 Kaempferia galanga Linn. It¨mew Kacholam Herb Cultivated Rhizome 627 Kaempferia rotunda Linn. sN§-gn-\oÀIn-g§v Chengazhineer Kizhangu Herb Forest Rhizome Cultivated, Way 628 Zingiber neesanum (Graham) Ramam. Im«n©n Kattinchi Herb side Rhizome 629 Zingiber officinale Rosc. C©n Inchy Herb Cultivated Rhizome 630 Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E. Smith aebn©n Mala Inchy Herb Forest Rhizome

INDEX TO BOTANICAL NAME

Andrographis atropurpurea (Denn) Alston 8 Annona reticulata Linn. 10 Asystasia gangetica (Linn.) T.Anders 8 Annona squamosa Linn. 10 Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Wall. 8 Cananga odorata(Lam.) Hook.f.& Th. 10 Barleria courtallica Nees 8 Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair 10 Hygrophila ringens (L.) Steud. 8 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner) Thw. 10 Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Ham.) M.R. & S.M. Almeida 8 Centella asiatica (Linn) Urban 10 Justicia adhatoda Linn. 8 Coriandrum sativum Linn. 10 Justicia betonica Linn. 8 Cuminum cyminum Linn. 10 Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. 8 Daucus carota Linn. 10 Nilgirianthes auriculatus Nees 8 Eryngium foetidum. Linn. 10 Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees 8 Ferula asafoetida Linn. 10 Thunbergia fragrans, Rox. 8 Allamanda cathartica Linn. 10 Adiantum capillus - veneris Linn. 8 Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) RBr. 10 Adiantum caudatum Linn. 8 Alstonia venenata RBr. 10 Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. 9 Carissa carandas Linn. 10 Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f)Wang 9 Carissa spinarum A.DC 10 Achyranthes aspera Linn. 9 Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G.Don 10 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. 9 Chonemorpha fragrans S.G.Don 11 Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R.Br. 9 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Wall 11 Amaranthus spinosus Linn. 9 Ichnocarpus frutescens RBr. 11 Amaranthus viridis Linn. 9 Nerium oleander L. 11 Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume 9 Plumeria alba Linn. 11 Pancratium triflorum Roxb. 9 Rauvolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. 11 Anacardium occidentale Linn. 9 Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linn. 11 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. 9 Tabemaemontana heyneana Wall. 11 Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f. 9 Tabernaemontana dichotoma Roxb. 11 Holigarna nigra Bourd. 9 Thevetia peruviana (pers.) Merr. 11 Holigarna longifolia Buch Ham.ex. Roxb. 9 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. 11 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Merr. 9 Wrigtia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. 11 Mangifera indica Linn. 9 Acorus calamus Linn. 11 Semecarpus anacardium Linn.f. 10 Anaphyllum wightii Sohott 11 Spondias pinnata (Linn.f) Kurz. 10 Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson var.campanulatus 11 Amorphophallus paeonifolius var.paeonifolius 11 Tylophora tetrapetala (Dennst.) Suresh 13 Arisaema leschenaultii BI. 11 Ageratum conyzoides Linn. 13 37 Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Schott 12 Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp 13 Colocasia esculenta (Linn.) Schott 12 Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn. 14 Colocasia antiquorum Sohott 12 Elephantopus scaber Linn. 14 Lagenandra ovata (Linn.) Thw. 12 Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. 14 Pistia stratiotes Linn. 12 Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl 14 Pothos scandens Linn. 12 Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. 14 Raphidophora pertusa (Roxb) Sohott 12 Kleinia grandiflora (Wall.ex Dc.) Rani 14 Remusatia vivipara Schott 12 Pentunema indicum (L.) Ling 14 Areca catechu Linn. 12 Sphaeranthus africanus Linn. 14 Arenga wightii Griff. 12 Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. 14 Borassus fIabellifer Linn. 12 Spilanthes calva DC. 14 Calamus thwaitesii.Becc. & Hook.f. 12 Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. 14 Calamus rotang Linn. 12 Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. 14 Calamus travancoricus Bedd. 12 Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham- 14 Calamus rheedi Griff 12 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less- 14 Caryota urens Linn. 12 Wedelia chinensis (osbeck) Merr 14 Cocos nucifera Linn. 12 Xanthium indicum Koenig 14 Pandanus padanaceae odoratissimus L.f. 12 Impatiens scapiflora Heyne 14 Pinanga dicksonii (Roxb.) Blume 12 Mahonia leschenaulti (Wall ex Wight) Takeda 15 Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. 12 Oroxylum indicum (Linn) Benth. 15 Aristolochia indica Linn. 13 Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schum 15 Aristolochia tagala Cham 13 Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) Schum. 15 Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou 13 Stereospermum chelonoides (Linn. f) DC. 15 Asclepias curassavica Linn. 13 Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham.ex Dillw.) Mabb. 15 Calotropis gigantea (Linn) R. Br. 13 Bixa orellana Linn. 15 Calotropis procera (Willd) Dryand eX.W.Ait 13 Bombax ceiba Linn. 15 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.)R.Br. 13 Cullenia exarillata Robyns 15 Hemidesmus indicus (Linn.) R.Br. 13 Heliotropium indicum Linn. 15 Holostemma adakodien Schult. 13 Rotula aquatica Lour. 15 Hoya pendula Wight. 13 Brassica campestris Linn. 15 Pergularia daemia(Forssk.)chiov. 13 Ananas comosus (Linn.) Merr. 15 Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb) Voigt 13 Canarium strictum Roxb. 16 Tylophora indica (Brumf.) Merr. 13 Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn.) Engl. 16 Garuga pinnata Roxb. 16 Terminalia chebula Retz. 18 Opuntia nigricans Haw. 16 Terminalia paniculata Roth 18 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. 16 Murdannia semiteres (Dalz) Sant. 18 Caesalpinia crista Linn. 16 Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Merr. 18 38 Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. 16 Argyreia nervosa (Burmif) Boj. 18 Caesalpinia sappan Linn. 16 Argyreia sp 18 Cassia absus L. 16 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb 18 Cynometra remiflora Linn. 16 Evolvullus alsinoides (Linn.) 18 Humboltia brunonis Wall. 16 Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. 18 Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb.ex DC.) Harms 16 Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker- Gawl. 18 Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde 16 Ipomoea pestgridis Linn. 18 Senna alata Linn. 16 Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. 18 Senna tora Linn. 16 Merremia hastata (Desr.) Hall.f. 18 Tamarindus indica Linn. 16 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f. 18 Canna indica L. 16 Merremia turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso 18 Cleome monophylla Linn. 16 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. 19 Cleome viscosa Linn. 17 Diplocyclos palmentus (L.) Jeffry 19 Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. 17 Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt 19 Carica papaya Linn. 17 Cucumis sativus Linn. 19 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. 17 Colocynthis Citrullus (L.) O.Ktze. 19 Salacia fruiticosa Heyne 17 Cucurbita maxima Duch. 19 Calophyllum calaba Linn. 17 Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley 19 Garcinia cowa Roxb. 17 Luffa acutamgula (Linn) Roxb. 19 Garcinia gummi- gutta (L.) Robs. 17 Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) Roem. 19 Garcinia indica (Gaertn.) Desv. 17 Momordica charantia Linn. 19 Mammea suriga (Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb.) Kosterm. 17 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. 19 Mesua ferrea Linn. 17 Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. 19 Mesua nagassarium (Burm.f.) Kosterm 17 Trichosanthes nervifolia Linn. 19 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. 17 Zanonia indica Linn. 19 Calycopteris floribunda Lam. 17 Cycas circinalis Linn. 19 Quisqualis indica Linn. 17 Cyperus esculentus Linn 19 Terminalia elliptica Willd. 17 Cyperus kyllingia Endl. 19 Terminalia cuneata Roxb. 17 Tetrameles nudiflora R.Br. 20 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. 17 Dillenia indica Linn. 20 Terminalia catappa L. 18 Dioscorea alata Linn. 20 Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. 20 Euphorbia tirucalli Linn 22 Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill 20 Flueggea virosa (Roxb.ex Willd.) Bail. 22 Dioscorea hamiltonii Hk.f. 20 Glochidion hohenackeri (Muell.- Arg.) Bedd. 22 Dioscorea hispida, Dennst. 20 Glochidion Zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss 22 Dioscorea oppositifolia Linn. 20 Homonoia riparia Lour. 22 Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn. 20 Jatropha curcas Linn. 22 39 Dioscorea tomentosa Koenig ex. Spreng 20 Macaranga indica Wight 22 Dioscorea wallichii, Hk. f. 20 Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. 22 Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. 20 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. 22 Vateria indica Linn. 20 Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. 22 Drosera burmanni Vahl 20 Phyllanthus emblica L. 22 Drosera peltata, Sm. 20 Phyllanthus rheedi Wigld 22 Drosera indica Linn. 20 Ricinus communis Linn. 22 Diospyros candolleana Wight 20 Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. 22 Diospyros ebenum Koeing 21 Sauropus androgynus (Linn.) Merr. 22 Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. 21 Tragia involucrata Linn. 22 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 21 Trewia nudiflora Linn. 22 Diospyros montana Roxb. 21 Abrus precatorius Linn. 23 Diospyros paniculata Dalz. 21 Arachis hypogea Linn. 23 Elaecarpus tectorius (Lour.) Poir. 21 Atylosia lineata W. & A. 23 Elaeocarpus serratus Linn. 21 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 23 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. 21 Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. 23 Acalypha racemosa Heyne 21 Canavalia cathartica Thours 23 Antidesma acidum Retz. 21 Clitoria ternatea Linn. 23 Antidesma bunius(L.) Spreng. 21 Crotalaria retusa Linn. 23 Aporosal indleyana Wight (Bail) 21 Dalbergia lanceolaria Linn f. 23 Baliospermum montanum (Willd) Muell-Arg. 21 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. 23 Bridelia retusa (L.) Sprang. 21 Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC 23 Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd. 21 Desmodium motorium (Houtt) Merr. 23 Croton caudatus Geisel. 21 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. 23 Croton tiglium Linn. 21 Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. 23 Croton zeylanicus Muell.-Arg. 21 Dolichos trilobus L. 23 Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa 21 Erythrina stricta Roxb. 23 Euphorbia hirta Linn. 22 Erythrina variegata Linn. 23 Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. 22 Flemingia strobilifera (Linn.) R Br. 23 Indigofera tinctoria Linn. 23 Ocimum basilicum Linn. 25 Indigofera longe racemosa Boiv. 23 Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke 25 Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. 24 Ocimum sanctum Linn. 26 Mucuna monosperma DC. 24 Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen 26 Mucuna pruriens (Linn.)DC. 24 Plecteranthus ambonicus (Lour.) Spreng. 26 Psuedarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arn. 24 Plecteranthus zeylanicus Benth. 26 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 24 Plectranthus malabaricus Benth. 26 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierrc. 24 Pogostemon gardneri Hook.f. 26 40 Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) Wight 24 Pogostemon paniculatus (Willd.) Benth. 26 Smithia conferta JE Smith 24 Cassytha filiformis Linn. 26 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. 24 Cinnamomum malabatrum (Burmif) Bl. 26 Tephrosia tinctoria (Linn. ) Pers. 24 Cinnamomum verum Pres 26 Uraria rufescence (DC.) Schind. 24 Litsea stocksii (Meisner) Hook.f 26 Vigna dalzelliana O. Kzte. Verdc. 24 Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm. 26 Vigna Vexillota (L.) A. Rich. 24 Barringtonia racemosa (Linn.) Spreng. 26 Flacourtia montana Graham 24 Careya arborea Roxb. 26 Flacourtia ramontchi (L.) Herit. 24 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. 27 Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb. 24 Chlorophytum attenuatum (wight) Bakes 27 Hydnocarpus pentardra (Buch.-Ham.) 24 Dracaena temiflora Roxb. 27 Canscora diffusa (Vahl) RBr. 25 Gloriosa superba Linn. 27 Exacum tetragonum Roxb. 25 Iphigenia indica (Linn.) A. Gray 27 Gnetumula Brogn. 25 Prostasparagus racemosus (Willd.) Oberm. 27 Salacia beddomei Gamble 25 Smilax zeylanica Linn. 27 Hypericum japonicum Thunb. 25 Lobelia nicotianaefolia Roth 27 Hypericum mysurensis Heyne 25 Strychnos nux- vomica Linn. 27 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Hypoxidaceae 25 Strychnos potatorum Linn.f. 27 Mappia oblonga Miers. 25 Strychnos colubrina L. 27 Sarcostigma kleinii Wight & Arm. 25 Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn.f.) Etling 27 Gomphostemma heyneanum Benth. 25 Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. 27 Isodon wightii (Benth.) Hara 25 Lawsonia inermis Linn. 27 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Spreng 25 Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. 27 Leucas biflora (Vahl.) RBr. 25 Michelia champaca Linn. 28 Leucas ciliata Benth. 25 Michelia nilagirica Zenk. 28 Leucas indica (L.) R.Br. 26 Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz 28 Ocimum americanus Sims 26 Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench 28 Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Medit 28 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Hook.f & Thoms. 30 Abelmoschus moschatus (Linn.) Medit 28 Tinospora sinensis (Lour) Merr. 30 Abutilon indicum (Lamk.) Sweet 28 Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd 30 Hibiscus hispidissimus Gritt. 28 Acacia concinna DC. 30 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. 28 Acacia farnesiana Willd. 30 Kydia calycina Roxb. 28 Acacia leucouphloea (Roxb.) Willd 30 Lampas (Cav.) Dalz. & Gibs. 28 Acacia pennata (Linn.) Willd 30 Sida acuta Burm.f. 28 Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. 30 Sida beddomei Jacob 28 Adenanthera pavonina Linn. 30 Sida cordifolia Linn. 28 Albizia amara (Roxb) Boivin 30 41 Sida rhombifolia Linn. 28 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. 30 Thespesia populnea (Linn) Sol.ex Correa 28 Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Benth. 30 Urena lobata Linn. 28 Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth. 30 Maranta arundinacea Linn. 28 Archidendron monadelphum (Roxb.) Nielson 31 Marsilea minuta Linn. 29 Entada rheedi Spreng. 31 Melastoma malabathricum Linn. 29 Mimosa pudica Linn. 31 Memecylon malabaricum (Clarke) Cogn. 29 Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub 31 Memecylon umbellatum Burm. f 29 Antiaris toxicaria Lesch 31 Osbeckia brachystemon Nand. 29 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. 31 Osbeckia octandra (L.) DC. 29 Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. 31 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker 29 Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. 31 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. 29 Ficus benghalensis Linn. 31 Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss. 29 Ficus dalhousiae MiQ. 31 Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Mia 29 Ficus exasperata Vahl 31 Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook.f 29 Ficus hispida Linng 31 Dysoxylum ficiformis (Wt.) Gamble 29 Ficus nervosa Heyne 31 Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. 29 Ficus racemosa Linn. 31 Melia dubia Cav. 29 Ficus religiosa Linn. 31 Naregamia alata Wight & Aru. 29 Ficus microcarpa G. Rorst L.f. 31 Toona ciliata Roem 29 Ficus tinctoria ssp parasitica (Willd) Corner 31 Cissampelos pareira Linn. 30 Morus alba Linn. 31 Coscinium fennestratum (Gaten) Colebr. 30 Streblus asper Lour 31 Cyclea peltata (Lamk.) Hook f. & Thoms. 30 Moringa oleifera Lamk 31 Diploclisia glaucescens (Blume) Diels 30 Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman 32 Stephania japonica (Thumb.) Miers 30 Musa paradisiaca Linn. 32 Ardisia solanacea Roxb. 32 Satyrium nepalense D.Don 34 Embelia ribes Brum.f. 32 Seidenfia rheedi (SW.) Szlach. 34 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem.& Schult)DC. 32 Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. 34 Knema attenuata(Hk.f. & Thoms.) Warb. 32 Vanda testacea (Lindl) Reichb. 34 Maesa Indica (Roxb.) 32 Angiopteris sp. 34 Myristica beddomei King 32 Osmunda regalis Linn 34 Myristica fragrans Houtt. 32 Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch. 34 Myristica malabarica Lamk. 32 Oxalis corniculata Linn. 34 Eucalyptus globulus Labill 32 Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) de Wilde 34 Psidium guajava Linn. 32 Passiflora edulis Sims 34 Syzygium caryophyllatum (L) Alston 32 Passiflora foetida Linn. 34 Syzygium cumini (Linn) Skeels 32 Sesamum indicum Linn. 34 42 Syzygium hemisphericm (Wight) Alston 32 Lepianthus umbellata (L.) Rafin 34 Syzygium stocksii Gamble Duthie 32 Piper betle Linn. 35 Syzygium travancoricum Gamble 32 Piper longum Linn. 35 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn 33 Piper mullesua Buch.- Ham. 35 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. 33 Piper sp 35 Mirabilis jalapa Linn. 33 Piper nigrum Linn. 35 Nymphaea nouchali Brum.f. 33 Piper trioicum Roxb. 35 Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. 33 Piper hymenophyllum Miq. 35 Jasminum malabaricum Wight 33 Plumbago indica Linn. 35 Jasminum sambac (Linn) Aiton 33 Plumbago zeylanica Linn. 35 Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Bl. 33 Arundinella sp. 35 Olea dioica Roxb. 33 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. 35 Olea paniculata R.Br. 33 Coix lacryma- jobi L. 35 Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blat & MC Cann 33 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. 35 Acanthophippium bicolor Lindl. 33 Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats. 35 Crepidium purpouren (Lindl.) Szlach. 33 Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers. 35 Cymbidium aloifolim (L.) SW. 33 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.)Nees 35 Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kranz. 33 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. 35 Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh 33 Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. 35 Flikingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. 34 Oryza fatuva 35 Luisia zeylanica Lindl. 34 Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. & Mor. Ex Steud.) Baill. 35 Nervila aragona Gaud. 34 Oryza sativa Linn. 36 Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. 34 Saccharum officinarum Linn. 36 Saccharum spontaneum Linn. 36 Pavetta zeylanica (Hook.f.) Gamble 38 Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash 36 Psydrax dicoces Gaertn. 38 Polygala elongata Klein ex Willd 36 Rubia cordifolia Linn. 38 Persicaria chinensis (L.) Gross. 36 Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa 38 Persicaria glabra (Willd.) Gomez. 36 Atalantia monophylla (L.) DC. 38 Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Press 36 Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm.f. 38 Punica granatum Linn. 36 Citrus maxima (Burm.f.) Merr. 38 Clematis gouriana Roxb. 36 Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck 38 Naravelia zeylanica (L) DC. 36 Clausena austroindica Stone & Nair 38 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. 36 Euodia lunu- ankenda Merr. 38 Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. 36 Glycosmis mauritiana (Lamk.) Tanaka 38 Zizyphus rugosa Lam. 36 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. 38 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth 36 Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng 38 Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. 37 Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack. 38 43 Rosa alba Linn. 37 Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicols. 38 Rosa chinensis Jacq 37 Ruta chalepensis L. 39 Rosa leschenaultiana Red. & Thory 37 Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lamk. 39 Rubus fulvus Focke 37 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.)DC. 39 Chassalia curviflora (Wall. Ex Kurz) Thw. 37 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. 39 Cinchona ledgeriana Meens 37 Azima tetracantha Lamk. 39 Coffea travancorensis W. & A. 37 Osyris quadripartita Salzm. 39 Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Rids. 37 Santalum album Linn. 39 Hedyotis auricularia Linn. 37 Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) mabb. 39 Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lamk. 37 Allophylus serratus (Roxb.) Kurz 39 Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 37 Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. 39 Hedyotis herbacea Linn. 37 Harpulia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. 39 Ixora brachiata Roxb. 37 Sapindus trifoliata L. 39 Ixora coccinea Linn. 37 Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken 39 Ixora elongata Heyne 37 Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) J.F. Macb. 39 Morinda tinctoria Roxb. 37 Madhuca neerifolia (Moon) H.J. Lam 39 Mussaenda frondosa Linn. 37 Manilkara zapota (Linn.) P. Royen 39 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser 37 Mimusops elengi Linn. 40 Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall ex. G. Don) Ridsd. 38 Palaquium ellipticum (Dalz.) Bail 40 Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn. 38 Artanema longifolia (L.) Vatke 40 Pavetta indica Linn. 38 Bacopa monnieri (Linn) Pennel 40 Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. 40 Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis 42 Scoparia dulcis Linn. 40 Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Bennett 42 Torenia travancorica Linn. 40 Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murr. 42 Selaginella Iycopodioides 40 Clerodendrum fragrans R. Br. 42 Ailanthus exelsa Roxb. 40 Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moon 42 Samadera indica Gaertn. 40 Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. 42 Datura metel Linn. 40 Gmelina arborea Roxb. 42 Datura sanguinea, R. & P 40 Gmelina asiatica Linn. 42 Physalis angulata L. 40 Lantana camara Linn. 42 Physalis peruviana L. 40 Premna latifolia Roxb. 42 Solanum ferox Linn. 40 Premna tomentosa Willd. 42 Solanum violaceum Ortega 40 Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl 42 Solanum melognena Linn. 40 Tectona grandis Linn.f. 42 Solanum sp. 40 Vitex altissima Linn.f. 42 Solanum nigrum Linn. 40 Vitex leucoxylon Linn. f. 42 Solanum surratense Burm.f. 40 Vitex negundo Linn. 42 44 Solanum virginianum L. 41 Ampelocissus indica (L.) planch. 43 Solanum trilobatum L. 41 Cayratia trifoliata (L.) Domin 43 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal 41 Cissus discolor Blume. 43 Helicteres isora Linn. 41 Cissus quadrangularis Linn. 43 Pterospernum diversifolium Bl. 41 Cissus repens Lam. 43 Sterculia foetida Linn. 41 Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. 43 Theobroma cacao Linn. 41 Alpinia calcarata Rosc. 43 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) Moore ssp. Laurina Nooteb. 41 Alpinia galanga (Linn.) SW. 43 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. 41 Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Rosc. 43 Gordonia obtusa Wall. 41 Costus speciosus (Koenig) J.E. Smith 43 Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi 41 Cucuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. 43 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. 41 Curcuma amada Roxb. 43 Celtis timorensis Span 41 Curcuma aromatica Salisb. 43 Celtis philippensis Blanco 41 Curcuma feruginosa Roxb. 43 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch 41 Curcuma longa L. 43 Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 41 Curcuma sp. 43 Cannabis sativa L. 42 Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton 43 Dendrocnide sinuata (BI.) Chew 42 Kaempferia galanga Linn. 43 Debregaesia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd. 42 Kaempferia rotunda Linn. 43 Zingiber neesanum (Graham) Ramam. 43 Zingiber officinale Rosc. 44 Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J.E. Smith 44

45 INDEX TO LOCAL NAME

Im«p-In-cn-bm¯v 8 A¼gw 10 Im«p-tN\ 11 D¹nbw 8 B¯-¸-gw, sh®oÀ¸gw 10 Icnw-I-c-W, Im«p-tN\ 11 Incn-bm¯v 8 Cu\mw ]gw 10 \mK-I-c-W, Im«p-tN\ 12 Im«p-]mÀÆ-Xn, sh¬Ip-dnªn 8 at\m-c-RvPn\n 10 tN¼v 12 \oÀ¨pÅn 8 Im\-ss¡X 10 Xmfv 12 hbÂ¨pÅn 8 Ac-W-acw 10 Icnw-t]mf 12 BS-tem-SIw 8 IpS-§Â/ap¯nÄ 10 sImS-¸m-bÂ 12 A¸, shÅ-¡p-dnªn 8 sIm¯-aÃn 10 ]cn-hÅn 12 hmXw-sImÃn (hb-eäv) 8 PocIw 10 B\-N{I/B\-¯n-¸en 12 Ipdnªn 8 Imcäv 10 ac-t¨¼v 12 Icn-¦p-dnªn 8 ssakqÀ aÃn 10 Ihp§v 12 apdn-Iq«n 8 Imbw 10 sR«n-¸-\, aew-sX§v 12 IpXn-c-hmen 8 tImfm¼n 10 Icn-¼\ 12 ]p{Xw-Nmcn 8 Ggn-ew-]me 10 hen-b-Nq-cÂ 12 sImgp-¸-ö-c, hjföc 9 Xo¸me 10 NqcÂ 12 At¦mew 9 apÅn 10 Acn-¨q-cÂ 12 IS-emSn 9 \nXy IÃ-ymWn 10 Im«p¨qcÂ 12 sNdqf 9 s]cpw-¦p-dp¼ 11 Np-¸-\, B\-¸\ 12 s]m¶mw-I®n 9 IpS-I-¸me 11 sX§v 12 apÅ³Noc 9 ]mÂhÅn 11 s]cpw-ssIX 12 sNdp-Noc 9 Acfn 11 Im\-I-hp§v 12 sNdp-I-S-emSn 9 Cug-s¨-¼Iw 11 Im«v Cu¯, Cu¨-¸pÃv 12 Im«pÅn 9 AaÂs¸mcn/kÀ¸KÔn 11 Ic-fIw 13 ]d-¦n-amhv 9 sIm¡-¸me/In§n-Wn-¸me 11 Kcp-U-s¡mSn 13 Ipf-amhv 9 Iq\³]me 11 AÂ]w 13 tNcv 9 aª Acfn 11 Nph¶ Fcp¡v 13 ae-t©cv 9 shÂ¸m-e, Z´-¸me 11 Fcp¡v 13 tNcv 9 A¿w-]m-e, abn-ew-]me 11 shÅ Fcp¡v 13 Icbw (D-Zn) 9 hb¼v 11 N¡-c-s¡mÃn 13 amhv 9 Iocn-¡n-g§v 11 \¶mdn 13 tX³sIm-«, Ae-¡p-tNcv 10 tN\ 11 AS-]-Xn-b³ 13 tlmb 13 apÅ³]men 15 NnIncn 17 46 then-¸-cp¯n 13 th\Â]¨ (tX¡-S) 15 ipcw-]p¶ 17 tkma-eX 13 IÃqÀh©n 15 hb-\mhv 17 hÅn-¸me 13 ISpIv 15 \mK-acw 17 hÅn¸me, \©-dp-¸³ 13 ssIX-¨¡ 15 agp-¡m-ªncw 17 Im«¸ 13 sXÅn-¸-bn³, ]´w 16 ]pÃm\n 17 13 16 sImÃ-¯n-¸q, Ipe-a-dnªn 17 Im«pIÀ¸qcw Infn-acw/Infn CSn-ªnÂ kÔym-dmWn Iªp®n/I¿q-Wyw 14 Im«p-s\Ãn 16 Icn-a-cpXv 17 B\-¨p-hSn/B\-b-Sn-b³ 14 N¸m-¯n-¡Ån 16 \oÀa-cpXv 17 apbÂsN-hn-b³ 14 aª-a-´mcw 16 Xm¶n 17 A¿-¼\ 14 Ig©n 16 _Zmw 18 Xp½Â sNSn 14 IqapÅv 16 Im«pISp¡ 18 hnj-I--I³ 14 N¸§w 16 acpXv 18 ]pjvI-c-aqew 14 Icnw-sImÅ 16 \new-]pÃv 18 AS-¡m-a-Wn-b³ 14 Ccn¸ 16 IpcoÂ 18 AS-¡m-a-Wn-b³ 14 ae-b-timIw 16 ]mÂhÅn 18 ]Ãp-th-Z\ sNSn 14 Ipfhv 16 AS¼v 18 Im«pPocIw 14 AtimIw 16 aqSn-Ãm¯mfn 18 Icn-©o-cIw 14 Bäp-X-Ic/B\-X-Ic 16 hnjvWp-{Imń 18 sImS-hm-cn, Ic-W-acw 14 XIc 16 ]mÂap-X¡v 18 ]qhm-¦p-dp-´Â 14 ]pfn 16 Xmfn 18 aª-I-¿q-Wyw 14 N¡-c-t¨¼v 16 ]pen-¨p-hSn 18 IÂ¯m-ac 14 hmÄI-SpIv 16 Np«n-¯mfn 18 apÅp-I-S¼v 15 thf 16 {]km-cWn 18 ]e-I-¸-¿m\n 15 \oÀam-Xfw 17 knXmÀapSn 18 Bgm´ 15 ]¸mb, IÀaqk 17 {XntImÂ¸-sIm¶ 18 ae-ap-cn§ 15 Infn-Xo-\n-¸ªn 17 Cf-h³ 19 ]mXncn 15 GI\mbIw 17 then-s¨-Sn, Icn-¦mbn 19 ]q¸m-Xncn 15 sNdp-]p-¶, Bäp-]p¶ 17 tImhÂ 19 Ipc§paªÄ 15 Im«p IpS-¸pfn 17 a¯³ 19 apÅn-e-hv (-]q-f) 15 IpS-¸pfn 17 Npc¡ 19 shÅcn 19 Imc (h-c-fn) 21 s]cn-¢mhv 22 ]o¨n§ 19 Bbn-cw-]-Ã³ 21 Ip¶n 23 ap¡m-]oc 19 `{Zm£w 21 \ne-¡-Se 23

47 ]mhÂ 19 Xqh 21 Im«pXphc 23 Im«v]m-hÂ, sh¬]m-hÂ 19 Bim-cn-]pfn 21 ¹miv 23 Ibv]³]-S-hew 19 Icn-sh«n 21 Im«phmf§ 23 Im«p]-S-hew 19 G¨nÂ (sh-«n) 21 Im«phmf§ 23 ]nWÀhÅn 19 \mK-Z´n 21 iwJp]pjv]w 23 Cu´v 19 ssI\n 21 Inep¡n 23 hbÂap-¯§ 19 t\{´-h-f-fn, sIm«w 21 shÅo«o 23 Ipgn-ap-¯§ 19 shÅ CSn-ªnÂ 21 Icn-ho«n 23 No\n-acw 20 \oÀhmfw 21 Hmcne 23 ]«n-¸p¶, ae-¼p¶ 20 s]mcn-h« 21 sXmgp-I®n (cm-a-\m-a-¸¨) 23 Im¨nÂ 20 ]p¯n-eªn 21 \new-]-c, sNdp-]p-ÅSn 23 s\mI-¸-In-gn§v 20 ]mÂNoc 22 Im«pshän-e, Nph¶ Hmcne 23 sNdp-In-g-§v, apÅp-In-g§v 20 \ne-¸me (Nn-{X-¸m-e) 22 Im«p-ap-Xnc 23 sh®n-¡n-g§v 20 I¼n-¸me 22 shÅ-ap-cn¡v 23 s]mS-h-In-g§v 20 ]nen-¡mb 22 apcn¡v 23 Ih-e-In-g§v 20 RmsRm«n 22 t]mt¯m-cne 23 \qd-In-g§v 20 \ocvsh«n 22 \oe-b-acn 23 \mc-In-g§v 20 Bäph©n 22 Aacn 23 20 22 Im«p-hÅn (h-en-b-\m-bv-sIm-c- 24 IÂ¸-bn-³, Imcm-ªnen IÅn (I-S-em-h-W-¡v) W) shÅ-¸-bn³ 20 h« 22 sNdn-b-I¡phÅn 24 Agp-I®n 20 s]mSp-I®n 22 \mbvIpcW 24 Agp-I®n 20 knµqcw 22 aqhne 24 Agp-I®n 20 IogmÀs\Ãn 22 th§ 24 Icn-acw 20 s\Ãn 22 D§v (]p-§v) 24 F_Wn 21 IogmÀs\Ãn 22 AK¯n 24 ]\¨n 21 Bh-W¡v 22 BäpapXnc/ Xh-f-bne 24 _oUn-bn-e-acw 21 I®mw-s]m«n 22 Dgnª 24 ae-b-I¯n 21 ssakqÀ Noc 22 henb aqhne 24 Icn-shÅ 21 sImSn-¯qh 22 Im«p-gp¶v 24 Im«p]bÀ 24 Idp-h-¸« 26 sNdnb hÅn-Ip-dp-t´m«n 28 Nfncv 24 hcn-¡oc 26 hÅn-Ip-dp-t´m«n 28 h¿¦X 24 IpfnÀamhv 26 Ipdp-t´m«n 28 shÅ-\m¦v 24 kap-{Z-hmfw 26 ]qh-civ 28

48 atcm«n (\o-än-Im-b) 24 t]gv 26 DucIw 28 iX-]pjv]n 25 IämÀhmg 27 _nem-¯n-Iq-h, Iph 28 IfÀ¯p¼ 25 hnc-ssIX 27 sRcn§ 29 Ic-W-s¡mSn 25 aª-Im´ 27 Im«pN-¡c 29 GI-\m-bIw (sNdpXv) 25 tat´m¶n 27 Imimhv 29 aWn-¡mb 25 \oÀ]\ 27 Imimhv 29 ae-b-S-¡m-aWn 25 iXm-h-cn, \oen-s¨Sn 27 IZfn 29 \new-]\ 25 Icn-bn-em©n 27 sNdp-I-Zfn 29 ]o\mdn 25 Im«p-]p-I-bne 27 sN½cw 29 HmSÂ 25 Imªncw 27 Bc-y-th¸v 29 Xos]-cpIv 25 tXämw-]-cÂ 27 Nph-¶-InÂ 29 Ipdp-Ip-dp¡ 25 hÅn-¡m-ªncw 27 ssI¸-\-c¨n 29 Xp¼ 25 C¯nÄ¡®n 27 AInÂ 29 sh¬Xp¼ 25 ]qa-cpXv 27 Imc-InÂ 29 aew-Xp¼ 25 ssaem©n 27 shÅ AInÂ 29 Xp¼ 26 XmXncn 27 Im«pth¸v 29 Im«pXpfkn 26 shÅ-sN-¼Iw 28 \ne-\m-cIw 29 cma-Xp-fkn 26 Im«psN¼Iw 28 Nµ-\-th¼v 29 IÀ¸q-c-Xp-fkn 26 ]¶n-hÅn 28 sNdnb ae-Xm§n 30 IrjvW-Xp-fkn 26 sh− 28 ac-a-ªÄ 30 Im«pXr-¯mhv 26 Im«psh− 28 ]mS-¯mfn 30 ]\n-¡qÀ¡ 26 IkvXq-cn-sh− 28 ae-Xm§n 30 Ccp-then 26 Xp¯n, h«p-cp«n 28 Ip«n-Xmfn 30 ]md-¡qÀ¡ 26 Im¡-¸q-hv, ]\Nyw 28 Nnä-arXv 30 `qX-N-S-b³ 26 sN¼-c¯n 28 Im«ar-Xv, t]m¯-arXv 30 ]¨ne 26 shÅ-¨-S¨n 28 Icn-§men 30 s\¿vhÅn 26 Im«p-]-cp¯n 28 No\n¡ 30 Idp-¸, Ce-aw-Kew 26 Ae« 28 hÓn 30 shÅ-th-ew 30 tNmc-¸-bn³ 32 ]pfn-bm-cne 34 C© 30 Ipän-hn-gmÂ 32 apX¡v 34 C© 30 Im«pPmXn 32 ]mj³ {^q«v 34 a©mSn 30 PmXn 32 ]q¨-¸gw 34 hc¨n 30 ]ip-]min 32 FÅv 34 s]m«-hmI 30 bq¡men 32 ]¶n-s]-cp-Inew 34 49 s\³ta-\n-hmI 30 t]c 32 shäne 35 Ip¶n-hmI 30 Rmd 32 Xn¸en 35 s]m§v (Im-«p-sIm-¶) 31 RmhÂ 32 Im«psImSn 35 ]cI¡phÅn 31 shªmd 32 \mK-sh-äne 35 sXm«m-hmSn 31 RmhÂ 32 Ipcp-ap-fIv 35 CcpÄ 31 sImÃn-Rm-hÂ 32 Im«psImSn 35 Adm-ªn-en, ac-hpcn 31 Xmac 33 Im«psImSn 35 ¹mhv 31 Xgp-Xma 33 sN¯n-s¡m-Sp-then 35 Ab\n 31 AkÀapÃ (\m-ep-a-Wn-s¨Sn) 33 shÅ-s¡m-Sp-then 35 Xn«m Noa, Xoä-¹mhv 31 B¼Â 33 Aa 35 t]cmÂ 31 ]n¨n 33 CÃn 35 IÃmÂ 31 Im«p-apÃ 33 Ip-aWn 35 tXcIw 31 apÃ 33 ssXe-]pÃv 35 ]mdIw 31 NXp-c-apÃ 33 sXcph 35 Cu¨-acw 31 FSe 33 Idp-I-]pÃv 35 A¯n 31 hmÄ FSe 33 IÃ³apf 35 Ac-bmÂ 31 ac-hmg 33 ZÀ` 35 IÃn-¯n, C¯n-bmÂ 31 I®mw-Xfn 33 HmS, Cuä 35 C¯n 31 X³ ac-hmg 33 hcn-s\Ãv 35 aÄ_dn 31 Adp-Iqen 33 Im«v s\Ãv, Ic-s\Ãv 35 ]cph-acw 31 Hmcn-e-¯m-ac 34 \h-c-s\Ãv 36 apcn§ 31 Ipdp-\-cn-hm-e³ 34 Icn¼v 36 IÃphmg 32 PohIw 34 \mbvI-cn¼v 36 Ipgn-ap-³ 32 ac-hmg 34 cma¨w 36 hngmÂ 32 ae³Np-cpfn 34 Aar-Xm-Ú³ sNSn 36 A½n-ap-dn-b³ 32 ap¡pän (\n-ew-sX-§v) 34 ]pfnXv 36 hmg 32 ]mh« 38 Ceªn 40 Iqh-\©v 36 ]mh« 38 ]me¡, ]men 40 ]pfnXv 36 Ccp-¼-d-¸³ Imc 38 hmXw-sImÃn 40 Icnw-Iq-h-fw, \otemÂ]ew 36 a©«n 38 {_Òn 40 amXfw 36 Iqhfw 38 am§-\mdn 40 hmX-s¡mSn 36 ae-\m-c-Iw, Im«p\mcIw 38 IÃp-cp¡n 40 Fcn-hÅn 36 sNdp-\m-cIw 38 Im¡-]qhv 40 Nncn-apÅv 36 _w»n-aqkv 38 Kcp-U-]¨ 40 50 sXmSen 36 Hmd©v 38 s]cp-acw 40 hen-b-sXmSen 36 Im«pIdn-th¸v 38 Icn-sRm« 40 sIm«w 36 I¼nfn 38 D½w 40 h¦W 37 ]mWÂ 38 \oe-D½w 40 ]\n-\oÀ 37 Ipän-¸m-WÂ 38 sRmSn-sRm« 40 Im«ptdmkv 37 Idn-th¸v 38 sRm« 40 tdmkv 37 ac-apÃ 38 B\-Np− 40 Im«pap´ncn 37 \cn-\m-c-Iw, Im«p-\m-cIw 38 ]p¯n-cn-Np− 40 \oe AaÂs¸mcn 37 AcqX 39 sNdp-h-gp-X\ 40 knt¦mW 37 Im¡-s¯m-Sen 39 shfp¯ hgp-X\ 40 ]pjvI-c-apÃ 37 sIm¯papcn¡v 39 aWn¯¡mfn, apSp§ 40 aª-I-S¼v 37 h©n 39 I−-Imcn 40 hc-¼³sIm-Sp-then 37 Fi¦v 39 Np− 41 ]À¸-S-I-¸pÃv 37 shÅN-µ\w 39 ]SÀNp− 41 hbÂs\Ãn 37 Nµ\w 39 Aap-¡p-cw, Ai-z-KÔw 41 HmW-Xp¼ 37 Ccp-ap-Ån, sImc--acw 39 CSw-]ncn hew-]ncn 41 kqNn-apÃ 37 ap¡-®³t]gv 39 CSn-ªnÂ 41 sN¯n, sX¨n 37 hÅn Dgnª 39 Ac¯ 43 aª-Wm¯n 37 Nnän-e-a-S¡v 39 Im«c¯ 43 shÅne 37 ]i-sIm« 39 BäptX¡v 37 ]qhw 39 Bäph©n 38 Cen¸ 39 Im«psX¨n 38 Bän-en¸ 39 AhnÂ]pcn 38 kt¸m« 39 ZqX, ]o\mdn 41 s]m«-¡m-hfw 41 ]o\mdn 41 sIms¡m 41 BhÂ 41 ]mt¨män 41 Aa-cm¯n 41 hen-b-]m-t¨män 41 I©mhv sNSn 42 Im«ptXbn-e, Im«pIpcW 41 B\-a-b-¡n, B\-hn-c«n 42 sIm«w 41 aWn-en, Im«v s\m¨n 42 NS¨n 41 B\-s¨mdn-bWw 42 D®n-Xvv 43 s\¿v Xq¼v 42 aª¡qh 43 sImgp-¡«-tX¡v 42 am§bn©n 43 51 IpS-ap-Ã 42 IkvXqcnaªÄ 43 sNdp-tX¡v 42 \oe¡qh 43 s]cpIv 42 aªÄ 43 Ipangv 42 Nµ\--¡qh 43 apÄIp-angv 42 Gew 43 sIm§n-Wn, Acn¸qs¨Sn 42 It¨mew 43 apª 42 sN§-gn-\oÀIn-g§v 43 ]pg-apª 42 Im«n©n 43 \new-]pfn 42 C©n 44 tX¡v 42 aebn©n 44 abn-seÅv 42 Fcp-§m³hÅn 43 Bäps\m¨n 42 N§ew]c 43 Icn-s\m¨n 42 Fcp-§m³ 43 Np®m¼phÅn 43 aWn-s¸m-§n, Iew-s]m«n 43 sNmdn-hÅn 43 Nnäc¯ 43

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