National Future Farmer

The National

I Owned ami Published by the Future Farmers of America

* « 2*£

February-March^ 1 969 What it takes to be No.l You've pot to do a betterjobfor morefanners than anybody else. You cant leave big weeds like smartweed, ragweed, and velvet leafuncontrolled. And they grow in soybean fields when you don't use a broad-spectrum weedkiller. This year choose Amiben. ft gives complete weed and

grass control. That's whyAmiben is No. /. for every wheel Firestone has the right tire They're farm-tested to things done that rolls on your farm. To get Farm tough for extra Put work better for you. aggressive traction seasons of wear. With fast. . . to get the work done , farm on And no wonder. Firestone put the with developments rubber. And still leads farm 23' tires. Plus on-the-job your like tractor time, increase farm service to cut your down get more your productivity. Clearly, you work done on Firestones. See or Store. on Firestones. your nearby Firestone Dealer

i loss of time. ngru un Farm service mounts tires 23" tires for every need. full line of Firestone 23" tractor tires. A

The high-performance tire

February-March, 1969 THE MAGAZINE Tlic National FEBRUARY-MARCH, 1969 FOR YOUNG MEN Future Farmer IN AGRICULTURE Owned a ad Piilili-linl by the Future Firmcm of America

VOLUME 17 NUMBER 3

In This Issue FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 10 Meet Your President Looking Ahead 6 MEET AND VISIT WITH YOUR NATIONAL FFA PRESIDENT JEFF From The Mailbag 8 HANLON. THIS ARTICLE GIVES YOU AN OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE SOME OF HIS THOUGHTS ABOUT AGRICULTURE AND TAKES YOU ON Word With The Editor 14 A VISIT TO BUCK MOUNTAIN RANCH IN OREGON. Sportrait 28 Free For You 42 Something New 43 Photo Roundup 48 Joke Page 50

22 Lysine Corn Our Cover HIGH LYSINE CORN HAS TAKEN MANY YEARS OF RESEARCH TO DEVELOP AND STILL REQUIRES MORE. THIS FEATURE TELLS Sparks fly as the masked HOW FAR THE MAJOR SEED COMPANIES HAVE PROGRESSED, DIS- CUSSES RESEARCH FINDINGS, AND EXPLAINS THE ADVANTAGES welder demonsti ates his abil- AND DISADVANTAGES OF RAISING LYSINE CORN. ity. Danny Thompson, Elfrida, Arizona, FFA is reportedly the best arc welder in his chapter. He recently completed construction of a horse trailer as part of his work in farm mechanics. 35 Oral Reasons Several articles in this issue, ORAL REASONS HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE NATIONAL JUDGING CONTESTS. THIS ARTICLE TELLS HOW ORAL REASONS CAN BENE- "Planning Your Farm Shop," FIT THE JUDGING CONTESTANT AND GIVES HELPFUL SUGGES- "Make Welds In Awkward Po- TIONS ON HOW TO PRESENT ORAL REASONS. sitions," and "Mechanics an 'Inborn Fondness,' " all deal with the popular farm mechanics topic. PHOTO BY GUY PRICE

12 Hall of Fame Honorees 30 Mechanics-Inborn Fondness THE NATIONAL FUTURE FARMER is mailed 16 National FFA Theme 31 Make Welds every two months on the following dotes: January 20 FEBRUARY-MARCH Issue 17 Trail Talk 38 FFA In Action March 20 APRIL-MAY Issue 20 Texas High School Rodeo 40 Call A Predator May 20 JIXE-JILY Issue July 20 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER Issue 21 Breaking The Entry Barrier 44 The Chapter Scoop September 20. .OCTOBER-NOVEMBER Issue 26 Planning A Farm Shop 46 Guides To Safe Driving November 20. .DECEMBER-JANUARY Issue

ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO: The National FUTURE 1969 by the Future Farmers of America. This issue published in national FARMER. P.O. Box 15130, Alexandria, Virginia 22309. Offices are located and regional editions. in the National FFA Center on U.S. Route One, eight miles south of Single subscription is 750 per year in U.S. and possessions. Foreign Alexandria. subscription, SI. 00 per vear. Single copies, 200 in U.S. The National FUTURE FARMER is published bimonthly by the Future CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Send both old and new addresses to Cir- Farmers of America at Alexandria, Virginia 22309. Second class postage culation Dept., The National FUTURE FARMER. P.O. Box 15130, paid at Alexandria, Virginia and at additional mailing offices. Copyright Alexandria, Va. 22309.

MAGAZINE STAFF NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF FUTLRE FARMERS OF AMERICA BOARD OF DIRECTORS NATIONAL OFFICERS editor, Wilson W. Carnes Chairman, H. N. Hunsicker President Jeff Hanlon, Oregon business manager, V. Stanley Allen Members: G. R. Cochran, J. C. Vice Fink, V. B. Hairr, J. W. Lacey, Presidents EDITORIAL B. F. Rawls, J. A. Taft, J. W. Lowell Catlett, Texas John M. PitZer and Ronald A. Miller, Associate Editors. Warren, D. E. Wilson. Tom Johnson, Illinois Zelma McShane and Kathy Kimberlin, Ediiorioi Assistants. DIRECTOR OF INFORMATION Joe Martinez, California Circulation Assistant Norma Salvatore, Frances Hall, Adriana John Farrar' Glenn Weber, Pennsylvania Stagg. Secretary MANAGER, FUTURE FARMERS Promotion Assistant: J Jerry Batts, Alabama m Hayhurst SUPPLY SERVICE National Advisor Edward J. Hawkins ADVERTISING H. N. Hunsicker PUBLIC RELATIONS Lennie Gamage, Advertising Monager MANAGER FFA Executive Secretary John Regional Ad Managers: C. Foltz William Paul Gray Glenn D. Luedke, Alexandria; Duane Leach, Chicago. FFA PROGRAM SPECIALIST National Treasurer Advertising Assistant: Eileen CrOSS Coleman Harris J. M. Campbell 4 The National FUTURE FARMER —

\jd %

Tilling the soil . . . mowing the hay . . . pulling the

heaviest loads. That's the David Brown tractor . We

call it the Convincer. . .Rugged power . . . stream- lined beauty . . . and more tractor than you'll get from any other make for the money.

If David Brown can't convince you that it's the best tractor buy today . . . then you're not the convincing type. Take a look at one of the Convincers soon. Many standard features are options on other makes. Like Traction Control—a weight transfer system that distributes the load and pulling power evenly to eliminate wheel slippage. Like the Selectamatic Hydraulic System—a simplified and unique hydraulic system.

There's more . . . much more. But the Convincers are more than just mechanical masterpieces. They're low cost tractors too. Low initial cost. Low maintenance cost. Low operating cost. Whatever size you need there's David Brown Convincer for you 770, 780, 880, 990, 1200 diesel and now two gasoline models to choose from, the 3800 and the 4600. Tell your nearest David Brown Dealer you want to test drive a true

OOnVinCer. For further information contact the David Brown dealer nearest you or write: National Equipment Dis'-iButors Association (NEDA). P. O. Box 5025. Depi. NFF169, Richmond. Virginia 23220. — DAVID mBROWN 17 David Brown Parts Depots Seve You Throughout the United States. Equipment D-itnbutors «>s: ; Dsvid Brown Tractors are distributed nationally through the members of the National : Looking Ahead

Livestock

CATTLE LICE—Dairy and beef producers should measure backfat thickness and loin eye muscle. The size inspect their livestock for louse infestation. Often cattle of loin eye is a highly heritable characteristic. lice are not detected until populations have already built up. According to William F. Lyon, Ohio State entomologist, lice reduce production of milk or beef, as well as weakening livestock and making them more susceptible to disease in Crops spite of adequate nutrition. Several insecticides are effective STERILIZED ALFALFA WEEVILS—Preliminary tests in controlling cattle lice. Some, however, should not be used at Penn State indicate chemicals can be used to sterilize on dairy animals due to possible residues which may accu- male alfalfa weevils. A low dosage of a chemosterilant mulate in the milk. called apholate can produce moderately high sterility in

male weevils without killing them. When this process is NEW FEED ADDITIVE—Beef cattle researchers at fully developed, sterilized males will be released into in- American Cyanamid Company have developed a new feed fested fields to mate, thus making the female eggs infertile. additive, Aureo S 700, that minimizes the effects of stress In an overall control program, sterile male weevils may be in cattle. According to the company, cattle on this new used in conjunction with selective, conventional insecticides product for the first 28 days in the feedlot gained 23 per- sprayed at proper times. cent more than the controls. Feed efficiency was improved 19 percent, and incidence of shipping fever was reduced NO-TILLAGE CORN PRODUCTION—Corn produc- 54 percent. The 12 additional pounds that feeders on tion without tilling the soil can not only cut labor costs but Aureo S 700 gained over control animals amount to a can also increase yields, says E. S. Smith, farm machinery "free" 600-pound feeder for every 50 on feed. specialist at Virginia Tech. A recent study at the university by agricultural engineers showed a water use efficiency PIPELINE MILKING—The switch from bucket milk- of 81 percent in a no-tillage system as compared to 57 ers to pipeline milking increased the need for hot water percent for convention tillage. There was less rainfall run- by three to four times. According to Lynndon A. Brooks, off, less evaporation, and a more favorable root zone University of Wisconsin agricultural engineer, a 40-cow environment with the no-tillage system. herd requires 25 to 30 gallons of hot water when buckets and can coolers are used. The minimum size water heater "SPEED-CHEK" SERVICE—Any crop grower who be- recommended for a 40-cow herd milked with a pipeline lieves he has unsatisfactory weed control in 1969 from system is 80 gallons. It takes about 38 gallons of hot Treflan may call his area Elanco Product Company head- water just to clean an 88-foot line not to mention cow quarters "collect." A company representative will contact udders and parlor floors. the grower through the new "Speed Chek" program, usually within a few days. According to Elanco, the service will NEW IODINE SOURCE—A new iodine-containing benefit the grower because it allows the company to re- compound, pentacalcium orthoperiodate (PCOP), was in- commend a possible program to correct the weed control troduced by the Morton Salt Company. According to the problem. The grower will have the benefit of some weed company PCOP, a dry powder, is a stable, nutritional, control for the rest of the season and will not have to and safe source of supplemental iodine for livestock and wait until the end of the growing season before registering can be compounded with salt and other minerals. Analyses a complaint. show PCOP, which is effective in the prevention of thyroid iodine deficiency, to be continually available on the surface of trace mineralized salt blocks and thus physically available to the animals licking them. Land

WEANING BEEF CALVES—Research at North Caro- LAND USE SURVEY—The USDA reports nearly three- lina State University shows early weaning can result in fifths of the land in the United States is used to produce faster growing beef calves and an increase in feed efficiency. crops and livestock, another fifth is covered by ungrazed

Besides increasing calf performance, cow-calf units per forests, nearly 3 percent is taken up by cities and other acre can be doubled by early weaning during the mid- urban areas, and 12 percent is desert, tundra, swamp, summer period. Early weaning also pre-conditions calves and other land of limited use. U.S. land area totals 2,266 in a manner that buyers of feeder calves like. Disadvantages million acres. One-fifth is classed as cropland, of which of early weaning are critical management and increased only three-fourths is used for crop production. Livestock labor. is grazed on over two-fifths of all U.S. land.

SONORAY TESTING—Sonoray equipment is now be- FARMLAND VALUES—U.S. farmland values rose 70 ing used to measure the meatiness and fattiness of live percent in the last decade and will continue to rise in animals. On-the-farm testing of cattle, hogs, and sheep by 1969. Recreational uses for land have been creating pres- the University of Missouri is helpful in selecting breeding sure on land prices. Increasing population has created de- animals. Sonoray estimates of meatiness are similar to the mand for more living space in addition to the need for actual measurements of slaughtered animals. The sonoray more highways to handle additional cars. Industry also machine produces a high frequency sound which is used to continues to buy land for expansion.

6 The National FUTURE FARMER This is Stir-Lee I. from the batteries is transferred no odor and pollution levels can

And if you saw it on a highway, to an electric motor which in turn be made very low.

you'd probably think it was a drives the rear wheels. And the Stir-Lee I is still only an experi- standard Opel Kadett. car can tool along at speeds of mental model. A project that

You'd be half right. It's got an up to 55 miles an hour. Engineers at GM's Research Lab-

Opel body. But it's powered by While the car's running, the bat- oratories are working on today, electricity. The power plant con- teries are constantly recharged to meet the demands of the future. sists of 14 conventional lead-acid by a small Stirling engine in the batteries that you could buy rear. It's so quiet that you can General Motors

down at the corner. The energy hardly tell whether it's on or off. Chevrolet • Pontiac •

And since the Stirling is an external Oldsmobile . Buick • Cadillac

mm of aatum • Opel • Fisher Body combustion engine (fuel is burned • Frigidaire • GMC Truck & Coach- in a separate chamber from the Detroit Diesel 'United Delco • engine), the exhaust has virtually AC Spark Plug . Allison . Electro-Motive

• Earthmoving Equipment Division

An electric car that makes its own electricity.

DC to AC MODULATING INVERTER

LEAD ACID BATTERIES .

BATTERY CHARGING CONTROL

HELIUM RESERVOIR

STIRLING ENGINE

RADIATOR AND FAN

LOGIC ft INVERTER CONTROLS

INDUCTION MOTOR (3-PHASE)

STARTER MOTOR

ALTERNATOR COMBUSTION AIR BLOWER February-March, 1969 precisely included—at the expense of effective delivery. Some young men, having given their mechanical rendition for the "umpteenth" time, indulge in a flowery presentation reminiscent of a 1910 political speech —minus the pungent promise of roast ox for all who listen. Often in these speeches the passionate intonations of the circuit rider slip in and further obscure the message. No one enjoys having comfortable, well-

entrenched shibboleths challenged so I can Prague. Oklahoma more articles and materials dealing with understand if some hackle feathers are up

I especially enjoyed the articles on the the various aspects of off-farm occupa- at this point. But if we care about the

Star Farmers in the October-November is- tions. The areas of conservation, ornamen- students we're teaching, I think the issue sue. As president of our local chapter, I tal horticulture, agricultural mechaniza- has to be joined. If I didn't see great know the problems of getting freshmen tion, and agricultural business would be potential for public speaking in the vo-ag interested in our organization. I think particularly appropriate. program, I wouldn't make this effort to that reading about these members encour- Harold L. Noakes "rock-the-boat." The ability to communi- ages others to strive to achieve such State FFA Advisor cate is one of the most important tools

awards. we can give vo-ag students. But it has to This magazine always interests me so Washington, D. C. be a modern tool they can use, not old keep up the good work. We have read with appreciation the forty-inch gear that won't work twenty- Larry Billcn special sections of the December-January inch rows. issue, particularly the sections devoted to I say memorizing a speech is self-defeat- Portales, New Mexico agriopportunities. The sections are thought- ing. Memorizing has been virtually out- A pair of boots was found in a brown provoking, and our only regret is that we lawed in all regular public speaking classes and white 1968 Ford pickup at the Na- were not included as the trade association for decades. In a world that explodes with tional FFA Convention. If any member of the fertilizer industry on some "view- Madison Avenue techniques devised to has lost a pair of western boots, send us a points" appropriate for the promotion. capture and hold our attention, we're so letter describing the boots and your ad- Certainly, the subject matter will come inundated with urgently delivered mes- dress. The boots will be sent to you if up for review again sometime soon, and sages that for the most part we have be- your description is correct. Address your we would welcome an opportunity to make come inured to speakers and speeches. letter to the Portales FFA Chapter, 201 a contribution commensurate with our William Bennett South Knoxville. Portales, New Mexico knowledge in areas of vital interest to the Faculty Member 88130. fertilizer industry. Harold Halm Louis H. Wilson Stanberry, Missouri Chapter Reporter Vice President, Communications I am a sophomore in school, and I am National Plant Food Institute in the second year of FFA. Do you think Albany, New York boys should go to college if they are going

Yesterday I received a copy of the De- North Troy, Yermont to be farmers? I have lived on a farm all cember-January issue from our commis- I especially enjoyed the article called my life and have chosen my career as a sioner. Mr. James E. Allen. Jr. "Water Skiing." I liked the way you gave farmer. I have had many experiences in You and your staff are to be com- pointers and the expenses of the sport. farming, and I think if you take vo-ag mended on the excellence of this issue. Richard Roberts you wouldn't have to go to college. The cover picture is a far cry from the I have had many answers, but I would traditional cover pictures used and helps Philadelphia, Pennsylvania like to have your answer. to create a broader image of FFA. This We at the Saul School have been asked Jim Hill cover picture is up-to-date, filled with ac- to develop a public speaking program. I Yes, I would recommend that anyone go tion, and I am sure will attract the interest for one am disillusioned with what I have to college even though they plan to farm,

of teen-age readers. I am sure that it seen of this aspect of vo-ag, and I ask, but there are many examples of successful whetted my appetite to pursue the accom- "What are the goals? Are there any farmers who did not go to college. panying article in the Magazine. goals?" If you have the money and can spare The section of the Magazine dealing If you say, "The virtues of being able to the time from your present farming oper- with agriopportunities is particularly good. stand on your feet and communicate ideas ations, by all means go to college. If you It uould be well for every ag teacher to to an audience." then I ask: "Does the do not choose to go to college, then your put copies of this on file for reference FFA public speaking effort really train vocational agriculture should be a big help, and to pass along to the guidance coun- a young man to get up before an audience and you can supplement this after you fin- selor in his school. My only concern rela- and communicate?" I don't think so. I ish high school by attending Young Farm- tive to this material is that it continues to have heard some fine lads offer prize- er classes. Adult Farmer classes, short create the image that the only opportuni- winning presentations, and I was not im- courses, etc.—Ed. ties in agriculture are for those who con- pressed. In the more than twelve years tinue on through the post high school that I've hosted a local TV farm show. Columbus, Ohio education. It would be desirable to point I've had a lot of FFA guests. One of the Congratulations on the very excellent out that there are agriopportunities for biggest problems was their inflexible, December-January issue of The National high school graduates of occupational stilted, memorized presentations that of- FUTURE FARMER. The section on "Ag- courses in agriculture. This has been true fered no chance to get to know the speak- riOPPORTUNITIES" was a masterpiece. in the past and will undoubtedly continue ers and—worse—offered no sense of con- You and your editorial staff are to be to be true in the future. tact with the audience. In almost every highly congratulated for this splendid pres- The article on the 40th Anniversary of instance I've been left with the vague, entation of career opportunities in agricul- the FFA was exceptionally well done. The empty feeling of having been addressed by ture. illustration and the narrative do a good an ingenious computer. In accord with the Roy M. Kotlman job in telling the story of this important prescribed rules, the speeches were memo- Dean and Director activity. rized verbatim and hammered home with College of Agriculture You should be encouraged to include an obsession that each word had to be The Ohio State University

8 The National FUTURE FARMER *• fc

f y

**-«

a One o/ these No -Til coulters runs ahead of each planting unit.

Pioneering with ideas that pay off is an Allis-Chalmers habit. Like No-Til planting with our 600 series planter. We engineered a special fluted coulter to work a seed zone 2 A"l wide to the depth you need. Plant in soil or stubble with no other tillage; 40. 30, 20-inch rows. Save soil. Cut production cost and time. ALLIS-CHALMERS

No-Tii is an Allis-Chalmers trademark. ALLIS-CHALMERS* THE SYSTEMS PEOPLE • MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN February-March, 1969 —

Meet Your

President

National President Jeff Hanlon

chapter secretary, chapter pres- which presently is being expanded. The ranch is atop Buck Mountain. Jeff says, As ident, and state vice president. partners recently purchased more stock, "We have no neighbors close by and Jeff Hanlon of Cornelius, Ore- updated their equipment, and now are are fairly secluded. We enjoy the moun- gon, took advantage of the leadership constructing a new building. tains and like being close to nature." opportunities in FFA. The experience The main enterprise on the ranch is Prior to moving in 1958 to Buck gained in these offices helped Jeff reach 100 head of registered beef cattle which Mountain Ranch, previously a straw- one of FFA's greatest opportunities they raise as breeding stock. Jeff and berry farm. Jeff and his family lived national president. his father pasture the cattle on 135 in urban California. Mr. Gordon Gal- Although endowed with many leader- acres and produce hay from the same braith, Oregon vocational agriculture ship qualities. Jeff's talents also include acreage. They also raise feed grain on staff member, says, "They had little, management ability. He manages a 250- 15 acres. One hundred acres are de- if any. farm experience and as a result acre beef and timber ranch in partner- voted to timber. Jeffs vocational agriculture training was ship with his father. Mr. Charles J. Their ranch, known as Buck Moun- instrumental in the family development Hanlon. Jeff traded 26 head of cattle tain Ranch, lies 32 miles northwest of of their farm. Jeff's interest in regis- for one-third interest in the operation Portland. As the name implies, the tered Heretords resulted in the total

The cow was the first registered animal purchased by Jeff as a Greenhand. The bull was about four and a half months old.

HP .i farm operation being devoted to this enterprise." He now belongs to several livestock associations. A specialized outlet for dressed steer meat provides the Hanlons with a unique and profitable farming enterprise. Selling dressed meats, they received an equivalent price of 29 cents per pound of live weight. Their performance records show a herd average weaning weight of 470 pounds in 205 days, a 58 percent dressing average, and a call crop of 92 percent. Other efficiency records include 2.1 pounds daily gain from birth to sale on registered bulls and a hay yield of two tons per acre after two grazings. Jeff's farm records received chapter, district, and state recognition and helped him earn the Hillsboro FFA Chapter Star Farmer award. This achievement illustrates that cooperation of father and son clearly affected Jeff's farming program. Most likely he learned this Jeff enjoys being with his dogs and likes to take in the scenery on Buck Mountain. skill from his father, a part-time auditor. The young leader twice served as delegate to the National FFA Conven- A aiUt urittt tion and attended many leadership con- fle^ ferences. Jeff also participated in nu- merous radio programs, speaking con- In what ways has living on a farm staggering size and importance of the tests, livestock judging, and soil judging. changed your life? agricultural industry. This is something His secretary book received first place My family moved to Oregon in 1958. all students should be exposed to. since in the chapter, district, and state com- Prior to that time we lived in a southern agriculture is so crucial to the econ- petition. California coastal town called Ventura. omic success of our country.

In the community Jeff has been As my father terms it, "We moved to Has membership in the FFA altered named Rotarian and Boy of The Month. Oregon as an experiment in living." your career objectives?

He is also a member of the Oregon It has been a great family challenge Upon joining the FFA I was de- Youth Council and the Oregon 18 Year to move to a new area and attempt to finitely planning to go into production Old Vote Committee. In high school farm with no previous knowledge of agriculture. Now. after being exposed Jeff served as class senator and worked farming. We started with a small straw- to so many possible opportunities in on Hillsboro FFA's community service berry farm and since have converted agribusiness, my specific career is un- committee. it into a cattle operation. certain. However, my plans definitely All these activities helped prepare This challenge has served to strength- include some phase of agriculture.

Jeff for the FFA's top office. en our family ties. We communicate Presently I am majoring in political well and have no generation gap. We science at Lewis and Clark College, a have unity of purpose and. therefore, small liberal arts institution in Portland. Jeff is shown here with one of the herd unity of interest in our family enter- My choice of political science as a sires used on Buck Mountain Ranch. prise. major was made simply because Lewis Living on a farm has helped me and Clark has no agriculture curricu- develop more responsibility and perse- lum and I find study of politics fas-

verance than what otherwise might have cinating. Previously. I studied agricul- been. When living and working on the ture at Oregon State University. land one can learn the dignity of labor My reason for transferring to Lewis and also appreciate more the value of and Clark was to move closer to home.

capitalism and the free enterprise sys- The distance factor is all-important as

tem. my father and I are expanding the Living on Buck Mountain has also ranch. My father is also employed as allowed me to be closer to nature. Per- an auditor in Portland. haps this is one of the most important What opportunities do you foresee in aspects of our move from urban Cal- serving as a national FFA officer? ifornia to rural Oregon. Serving as a national officer offers How has vocational agriculture helped so very many things. First, of course.

you? is the opportunity to improve myself Vocational agriculture has been im- as an individual. Being a state or na- portant to my education and our home. tional officer is a tremendous learning

Through vo-ag I learned, first, the ba- experience, and I hope to take advan-

sics of production agriculture. This tage of it. This year also provides me knowledge helped in developing our with the opportunity to truly serve the

ranch, since my parents and I were FFA. I would not have pursued mem-

urban-oriented and unfamiliar with bership in the FFA if it had not been farming. Many things taught in vo-ag for the inspiration of state and national applied directly to our ranch. officers. Perhaps during this year I. Secondly, vo-ag helped me realize the too. can inspire others.

February-March, 1969 11 The First These honorees were announced at the National FFA Convention. Agricultural Hall of Fame Honorees

AFTER A NATIONAL SURVEY, a site 12 miles west farming of western Virginia where he grew up. In the plan- of Kansas City near the town of Bonner Springs. tation blacksmith shop he made a water-powered hemp Kansas, was selected for the Agricultural Hall of brake and hillside plow. He received a patent on the plow Fame. Two fine buildings have been erected and now serve in 1831 and invented a reaper the same year. He constantly as museums of agriculture. This year more than 200.000 made changes on the reaper. people are expected to visit the national center. They will In 1847 McCormick moved to Chicago and set up the see. among other historical attractions, the portraits of these first large-scale farm machinery plant. By 1860 the Chicago first Hall of Fame honorees. plant was building 4.000 machines a year. His business practices included a stated price, written guarantees, and printed George Washington— 1732-1799 instructions. His inventions received awards in Paris, Lon- The father of our country. George Washington, was a suc- don. Hamburg. Lille, Vienna, and Melbourne. cessful farmer and a leader in developing new farming prac- Justin Smith Morrill—1810-1898 tices. He conducted tests with manures and sought improved varieties of crops. He developed practices to reduce soil As a U.S. Representative and a delegate from Vermont losses on the slopes of Mount Vernon. to the 1856 annual meeting of the U.S. Agricultural Society. After years of unfortunate experience with the English Justin Morrill began his fight for agricultural education. For market. Washington stopped growing the customary crop, to- six years he tried unsuccessfully to get legislation passed for bacco, and began raising corn. He grew corn for human the establishment of agricultural education. On July 2, 1862. food and for hog feed. By 1770 he was selling grain President Lincoln signed the Morrill bill which granted and pork locally and was operating a water-powered mill 30,000 acres of public lands to the states. The income from which ground large amounts of flour. Washington demon- these lands was used to support agricultural and mechanical strated that the American farmer could be self-sufficient colleges. As senator. Morrill began campaigning in 1872 for and independent. an annual appropriation to the land-grant colleges. President Harrison finally signed the bill in 1890. For his leadership Thomas Jefferson— 1743-1826 in the land-grant movement, Morrill became known as "The Referred to by many as the father of American scientific Father of the Land-Grant Colleges." agriculture. Thomas Jefferson devoted much of his life to George Washington Carver— 1864(?)-1943 inventing, plant and animal breeding, and conservation. He invented a seed drill, a hemp brake, a threshing machine, A renowned scientist, George Washington Carver worked and a moldboard for plows. Jefferson imported Merino in soil science, chemistry, botany, and conservation. In 1896 sheep to improve the breed in America. The scientific farm- after many years of college and self study, Carver accepted er experimented with new crops, especially clover and peas, a position at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He urged farm- rotated crops, and used soil conservation practices at Monti- ers to shift from producing cotton when the boll weevil was cello. He also tried to maintain fertility with marl, gypsum, causing alarm. The eminent scientist promoted the use of and animal and vegetable manures. The statesman-farmer idle lands for production and developed new food products believed that independent farmers were the strength of the from crops. His findings with peanuts and sweet potatoes nation and promoted agricultural education in colleges and caused many new businesses to arise. Although industry of- universities. fered high paying positions to Carver, he remained at Tuske- gee for 40 years because he believed, "Whatever helps the Cyrus Hall McCormick— 1809-1884 southern farmer helps the entire South; and what helps the Most of Cyrus McCormick"s inventions related to the South helps everybody."

The Sational FUTURE FARMER GerrifiedJurbocharged ...and Hydraul-Shift...

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Certified PTO Horsepower. Turbocharged, Oliver's way. Hydraul-Shift keeps you rolling In the Oliver 1950-T you get all of Our high-torque turbocharging makes the faster. You have 3 powershifted the rated 105 PTO horsepower. 1950-T diesel hang on to overloads like a speeds in each of 6 basic gears— Or more. That gives you a head- gasoline tractor. It's a smoother, quieter 18 speeds in all. You keep all of start on other big tractors rated diesel. And it uses only 6 gallons per hour your horsepower working—travel by special test results. with a 96 horsepower load. 20% faster whenever the load permits, or have 20% more tough-spot pull without a pause. See these and other Time Maker advantages at your Oliver dealers. Oliver Corporation, Chicago,

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Febnuiry-March, 1969 A Word with the Editor

THE STAFF of your national magazine met for three days in mid-December for a planning session. We spent considerable

time on one question : What do readers want editorially ? We wished you could have been sitting across the table so you could have told us what kind of magazine you want. But since that was not possible, you were well represented. All members of the staff present have been members of the FFA and participated in FFA activities at various levels of the organization. A couple of them have been national FFA officers. We do have suggestions from many of you. You tell us how you feel about the magazine in the letters you write from time to time, and we are always pleased to get them. We also have a pretty good idea of what you like in your magazine as a result of readership studies made on some of the issues each year. And we do have the opportunity to visit with many of you at various FFA meetings and activities throughout the year. These are always opportunities to get your opinions and comments about the magazine. So you were very much in our thoughts as we set about our task. We agreed that you want a magazine that brings you ". news, information, and entertainment. . makes your cattle News about FFA and agriculture. What's going on in your show so well organization at the local, state, and national levels? What are individual members doing? What's new in agriculture? it's almost unfair Information about agriculture, including articles about crop and livestock production, management, careers, recreation, and lo competition" related subjects. Information that will help you get started in farming or find a career in agriculture. Information about

First instant coat-setting spray for FFA that will help your chapter become a better chapter and show cattle. Enables you to brush the information that will help you become a better FFA member,

hair once it. and forget Holds hair in a better student, and a better citizen. place for hours. Entertainment, yes, we believe you want to smile occasion- Eliminates repeated brushing in the ally as you read your national magazine. That is the reason show ring. Also conditions and for the jokes and cartoons. In fact, you must agree, because brightens the coat. Makes your cattle show so well it's almost unfair to you have consistently given the joke page the highest read- competition. ership score of any page in every issue studied to date. this is Available at feed stores, farm stores Do you agree that the type of magazine you want? and show supply outlets. We would like to have your comments so let us hear from you. 18-0z Can $1.95 DID you hear that a former FFA member has been placed in a key position in one of our major political parties. He is the Honorable Fred R. Harris, U.S. senator from Oklahoma, who has just been named Democratic national chairman. Ir this position he will take over management of the party. Senator Harris was a member and officer of the Walters, Oklahoma, FFA Chapter and won the state FFA public speaking award. He was a member of the chapter's FFA beef judging team and the poultry judging team that won the state title.

NOW before we are accused of partisan politics, let me hasten to add that Oklahoma's other U.S. senator, the Honorable Henry Bellmon, is a member of the Republican Party and was also an FFA member during his high school days. Senator Bellmon was a member of the Billings FFA Chapter, and his farming enterprises included wheat, registered Berkshire swine, and Hereford breeding cattle. Before his election to the senate, Senator Bellmon served a term as Now Marketed By governor of Oklahoma. FARNAM COMPANIES, INC. 8701 North 29th St. Omaha, Nebraska 68112 I Editor 14 The Xational FUTURE FARMER NEW Chairman of Sponsoring Committee

THE FUTURE FARMERS of America Foundation elected Mr. Donald Danforth, Jr. of Ralston Purina Company as the 1969 chairman of the Sponsoring Committee. He suc- ceeded Mr. L. W. Davis, vice president of Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Donald Danforth, Jr., executive vice president of Ralston Purina Company and director of Purina's Chow Division, is widely recognized as a leader in the feed industry. He joined Purina in April of 1957 as a trainee at the Nashville. Tennessee, plant. In 1959, he transferred to the company's general offices in St. Louis as assistant to the executive vice president. Mr. Danforth's responsibilities embraced all production, research, sales, and marketing services for the company's agricultural products, and in 1968 he was elected executive vice president of the company. Mr. Danforth's principal responsibility as chairman will be to contact potential fund donors during 1969. Currently, some 450 businesses, industries, organizations, and individuals make annual contributions to the FFA Foundation program. The Foundation provides funds for award programs to stimulate higher achievement among FFA members throughout the nation. This year's budget is over $225,000. Mr. Sam White, Jr., Cleveland. Ohio, executive vice president, Farm Group, White Motor Corporation, who will serve as vice chairman of the Sponsoring Committee, and Mr. J. B. Prendergast, New York, New York, president. Agricultural Division, Allied Chemical Corporation, who will serve as second vice chairman of the Sponsoring Com- mittee, will assist Mr. Danforth. Fredericlctown, Mr. Donald Hathaway, a dairy farmer from Since 1944 the FFA Foundation has been fortunate to Ohio, presented the official band uniform which is displayed have leaders such as these as friends and supporters of the by David McCoy of the Ohio FFA and Dr. J. H. Lintner. FFA. You, as FFA members, will want to thank them personally for their active promotion of the awards programs. You can thank them by writing to: Mr. Donald Danforth. Jr., Vice President. Ralston Purina Company. Checkerboard Square, St. Louis, Missouri 63102. Your FFA Jacket Mr. Donald Danforth, Jr., Sponsoring Committee chairman delivers his address to the official delegates and chapter ONE MORE significant item in FFA history was presented representatives at the National FFA Convention in October. to the FFA Archives. The presentation of one of the first official FFA band jackets occurred at the National Con- vention during the pageant, "Our Forty Years." Dr. J. H. Lintner and Mr. Walter M. Tolan, co-designers of the first FFA jacket, were on hand for the presentation. Mr. Tolan, of the Universal Uniform Company, also helped create the present day FFA jacket. In 1933, Dr. Lintner, then advisor at Fredericktown, Ohio, offered to have his 30-member chapter band play at the National Convention. Previously the FFA invited state bands, but the general lack of money during the depression changed this. The band members had summer uniforms, but these were not appropriate for the October weather in Kansas City. At the time corduroy was in fashion with high school students. National blue was not available so the manufacturer used navy blue. The emblem was patterned after the chapter emblem. Thus the original jacket appeared with an ear of corn, the owl, and the plow. The eagle was not added to the official emblem until a year later. A milestone in FFA history happened in 1964 when a member of the Audubon. Iowa, Chapter purchased the one millionth FFA jacket. In the future appropriate displays of these special FFA jackets will be developed as a part of the FFA Archives.

February-March, 1969 FFA... an opportunity for youth.

USING A NATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS THEME

tJEE^% opportunity foi first member could elaborate on how students using the national theme. ™| f^ youth" is the national FFA provides members an opportunity — Put up a photo exhibit beside the public relations theme which will be to learn—about agriculture, about lead- concession stand at ball games. used by local FFA chapters and state ership, about themselves. — Prepare a summary of agricultural associations all during 1969. It is the A second member could speak on opportunities in your community. Pre- purpose of this theme to tell people how FFA provides members an oppor- sent at chapter meeting. in your community that FFA provides tunity to do—to put into practice what — Attend church as a group during an opportunity for youth in agriculture is learned in the classroom, to get in- FFA WEEK. Perhaps a member would to learn, to do. to earn, to serve. Ex- volved and do something, a chance to be invited to participate in the service. periences in leadership, citizenship and work. — Invite eighth grade students and cooperation, and the pursuit of voca- A third speaker could talk about how their parents to a special meeting. Dis- tional and educational objectives pro- FFA provides members an opportunity cuss opportunities for them as students vide these young people with opportuni- to earn— learn the value of money, to of agriculture and members of FFA ties to excel, to grow, and to become be self-sufficient, what it means to earn and their future in American agricul- outstanding youth leaders for agricul- a living, the importance of record keep- ture. This event might be anytitr'" dur- ture in America. No doubt there will be ing, earning money for chapter events. ing the year. many events in your chapter or state Finally, a member could emphasize — Have a series of bulletin boards in association during the year based upon how FFA provides members an oppor- the school showing variations of na- the national theme. National FFA tunity to serve— in leadership roles and tional theme. WEEK, February 15-22. 1969, will be as good members serving FFA and —Conduct tour and visit local agri- the high point of all these promotional American agriculture, their chapter, cultural businesses to learn about their events. school, or community. operation, purposes, and approach to The list of activities of chapters and • The Roswell, New Mexico. FFA serving agriculture. how they will use this theme is a long Chapter selected and honored the first A few good activities with thorough one. Here are a few ideas you might baby born during FFA WEEK in Ros- preparation in each of the 9,000 FFA want to borrow for your chapter. well as the "FFA WEEK Baby." Brian communities will mean much in devel- • Develop an exhibit showing "FFA Alan Hall was born February 20. 1968. oping good nationwide public relations ... an opportunity for youth" to learn, The FFA presented the baby a S25.00 for the FFA. Some of the activities sug- to do, to earn, to serve. Use photo- savings bond and named him an Honor- gested here may be appropriately plan- graphs or scenes to show each of these ary Chapter Farmer— a real opportun- ned for any other time of the year. four phrases from the FFA motto. ity for youth. New ideas that prove successful for • Conduct a special school assembly • The New Ulm. Minnesota. FFA your chapter might be usable in other or program for a local civic or farm served cherry pie and coffee to their chapters across the nation. Send arti- organization. The chapter president school faculty on George Washington's cles, pictures, reports, or samples of might lead off the program with intro- Birthday. your chapters public relations activi- ductory remarks. Then the members • Other ideas include: ties to the FFA WEEK Scrapbook at could elaborate on these topics. The — Poster contest among elementary The National FUTURE FARMER.

16 The National FUTURE FARMER Trail Talk

By Ewart A. Autry

DM1 II FIRST DAY I ever carried a gun on the woodland beginning to wonder if I had made a good choice of M trails a wise old man walked with me. His eyes had places for a stand. I saw a buck and two doe enter the W seen the things which lived in the woods, and his upper end of the valley. They walked briskly. If they ears had heard their language. continued as they had started, they would pass no more He taught me a woodland lesson that day which has than a hundred steps from me. I gripped my gun and did been of great value. We had spotted a pair of bobcats and a little more shivering. All went well until the three were were trying to slip near enough for a shot. A blue jay even with a willow thicket. There the buck turned aside, descended suddenly into a low bush just ahead of us. The walked into the thicket, and stopped. The doe continued old man gripped my arm. "Be still," he whispered. "If down the valley and went past me without even a glance that jay sees us, he'll tell on us." I was evidently slow in my direction. I could see the buck just inside the willows. about stopping, because the bird began screaming. We I wondered at first why he had stopped, but then I saw never caught another glimpse of the cats. the moving of the willows at his head, and realized he "The bird told them we were coming," the old man was feeding. said. "The things of the woods have a certain language For 45 minutes I waited for that buck to come on they all understand. It is used to speak of danger, distress, down the valley, but he kept nipping at the willows and and even love. With it they can broadcast a warning of never moved out of my sight. I finally decided the only your presence. Every living creature of the woods which thing to do was to stalk him. I backtracked over the ridge, hears it, understands. That's why, son, you will have to be then moved up its side until I was about even with him. careful if you expect to get near the things that live there." I was on the south side of the valley and the wind was In the years which have passed since then, I have found from the north. There was little chance that he would his statements about the language of the woods to be true. catch my scent. I eased over the ridge at a point where a The dawn of the last day of our most recent deer half-dozen small oaks were closely clustered. When I reached season found me shivering on top of a ridge overlooking them I saw the deer. Carefully I raised my gun. Just at a very narrow valley. Six days of the seven-day season had that moment a blue jay screamed. The buck made a long passed, and I had not even seen a buck. I was determined leap and disappeared before I could think of drawing bead to bring in one, if possible. That's why I stood and shivered on him. and kept my eyes roving up and down the frosty little What happened? Nothing, except that the jay told the valley below me. buck I was there. He must have said. "Run. Run. There's As the sun came up I heard the booming of guns in a dirty, low down rascal hiding under this bush." Whatever different directions and figured that at least some folks he said, the buck understood it. were training their gun sights on bucks. Just as I was (Continued on Next Page)

February-March, 1969 17 Trail Talk

On another occasion I was out after squirrels. I discovered a bunch of the gray fellows eating nuts in a large scaly-bark hickory. They were making so much noise I was sure I could slip within shooting range. I overlooked one thing. A crow was sitting in the top of a nearby dead chestnut. I was about halfway within range when the black fellow discovered me and gave a rapid series of caws. Instantly the squirrels scattered. Seconds later the scaly-bark was barren of them as if they had never been there. There was no doubt but that they had distinctly understood the alarm language of the crow. The burden of giving the danger signal does not rest entirely on the bird family. Once a friend and I were hidden beside a small lake waiting for a raft of ducks to drift within range of our guns. All was well until a squirrel came out of a hole in a cypress and discovered us. The pert fellow gave his tail a few jerks and started chattering at us. With one accord the ducks arose and retreated hurriedly. That squirrel had spoken a language which they thoroughly understood. Not for a moment did they doubt his word. The danger language seems to be instantly understood even by the slowest thinking creatures. One day I saw a large turtle sunning on a sandbar. I wanted a closer look at him, so I decided to slip as near as possible, then run between him and the water and catch him. The old fellow's back was toward me. I was almost ready to make my run many birds. When I came in sight of the nest I found the when a kingfisher spied me. The bird gave his peculiar saplings alive with birds. Among them were a sparrow rattling cry. Instantly the big turtle scrambled quickly down hawk and a crow. Normally the crow is hated by other the sandbar and into the water. birds because of his nest robbing activities, and the sparrow There is also a distress language which seems to be well hawk for his preying on smaller birds. At first I thought known among woodland inhabitants, especially the feath- one of the two might be the cause of the clamor. Then I ered ones. The other dwellers may understand it, but they saw they were joining the other birds in screaming and do not- seem to answer it as readily as these. diving at something on the ground.

One spring a pair of mocking birds nested down by my I discovered a woods cat holding a dead mocking bird garden. One morning I heard a single choked sound from and snarling up at the screaming host of birds. The instant one of them, followed by the distressed cries of the other. he tried to move away, he was savagely attacked from

I hurried to the place, but before I could reach it the every angle. The birds would fling themselves at him like cries of the mocking bird had been joined by those of an endless stream of dive bombers. Once he was almost bowled over by a swift dive of the crow. The cat would drop the bird and slash at his attackers with his claws, but he seemed actually terrified by their onslaughts. There also seems to be a woodland language of love.

For several years I kept a pack of fox hounds. Their only aim in life seemed to be to run fox. From our house here in Mississippi in the heart of Whippoorwill Valley we very often hear the weird yapping of fox as they gallop along the trails or sit on the hilltops. Those sounds usually started an eager whining among the hounds. Many times I threw open the kennel gate, and the dogs raced silently and swiftly toward the yapping fox. In a few moments they would be hot on his trail. That happened at all times of the year except during the fox mating season. At that time foxes howl and yap more than at any other time, but there was an entirely different response from my hounds. Instead of whining eagerly to be off on the trail, they pointed their noses toward the stars and howled softly. If I let them out, they sat around solemnly and listened to the call of the fox, but made no move to seek his trail. They thoroughly understood his language. They knew he was singing to a mate and had no intentions of interfering. There are many who are deeply interested in things that live in the woods. Some hunt them with guns, some with cameras, and others just for the purpose of seeing them. Whatever the reason, my friend's advice still holds true — "The things of the woods have a signal language they all understand. That's why you'll have to be careful if you expect to get near them."

18 The National FUTURE FARMER wires by exclusive Square better off to see your Red

Go ahead . . . straighten Deal^ knots that can't slip. Brand dealer and ask for Hill up the sag! It still won't Yet, you have the flexibility Fence. Keystone Steel & Wire stand like Hill Fence needed to follow uneven Company, Peoria, 111. 61607. No matter how you grunt ground without buckling. and sweat to straighten up Red Brand lasts longer, ordinary fence, it simply too. It's Galvannealed ri5J with won't stand like Red Brand zinc fused deep into the cop- Hill Fence. That's because per bearing steel wire to re- the exclusive Stiff Stay wires sist rust. in Hill Fence run top to bot- So go ahead. ..straighten tom. ..in one continuous up the sag and make your strand. They're locked to line fence look better. You'd be RED BRAND m Local Chapter Sponsors Championship High School Rodeo

THE ANNUAL Texas State the time, put the FFA in charge of the letters sent in by the rodeo entrants. Championship High School Ro- rodeo. Mr. Mullins along with Alton They take care of the concessions, pro-

deo is sponsored each year by Allen, an attorney, and Mr. Leon L. gram sales, and work on the corral the Hallettsville FFA Chapter. The Kahanek, a pharmacist, originated the crews. A committee of 20 local citizens chapter has sponsored the rodeo since idea of a high school rodeo. assist in putting on the yearly event, its origin in 1947. twenty-two years ago. The Hallettsville FFA takes complete and vo-ag teacher Douglas Marek at Mr. Claude Mullins. the superintend- charge of the rodeo. The members pro- Hallettsville serves as state secretary for ent of the Hallettsville Public Schools at cess entry blanks and answer cards and the championship rodeo. The first state high school rodeo in Texas drew 87 contestants. Following Horses buck high and hard at the Texas State Championship High School Rodeo that, New Mexico had a similar rodeo in 1948. In 1949, Louisiana, Montana, and South Dakota held state rodeos. This sequence of events led to the first national high school championship

rodeo. It was held in Hallettsville, Tex- as, in 1949 with the state champions competing. There are now over 22 member states in the National High School Rodeo Association. A high school rodeo operates under the same rules as an adult rodeo does. The horses buck just as high and the bulls are mean as ever. However, the contestants battle for saddles, buckles, rope cans, spurs, chaps, and other trophy awards rather than cash prizes. Last year prizes at the Hallettsville State Championship Rodeo amounted to a value of $3,800. Outstanding boy and girl contestants also volley for $800 in college scholarships and a Quarter Horse colt. Nearly 20,000 attended the 22nd An- nual Texas High School Rodeo last June. The five-night event also included a western parade. Over 6.000 watched the parade of school bands, a twirling corps, and floats. The Hallettsville FFA Chapter has done such a good job promoting the rodeo that the town now is known as the "Home of the Texas State Champ- ionship High School Rodeo."

20 The National FUTURE FARMER Breaking the entry barrier

FARM BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS

What business relationship is best for your father-son operation?

YOUR DECISION to farm with your father or to take participation in management by both co-owners, a sharing over the family farm may require a new farm busi- of profits, a sharing of losses, assets are owned together, and ness relationship. An understanding of the different if the business has a name, single joint bank account, and a types of business relationships that exist should help you to single set of farm records. The land and other assets do not decide which one is best for your farming situation. They are have to be co-owned for a business to be recognized as a described here by Arnon Allen, University of Wisconsin partnership. farm law specialist. Using a lease with a landlord-tenant relationship avoids There are three basic types of legal relationships for a having your farm operation recognized as a partnership. farm business. These are the single proprietorship, partner- A partner's liabilities are limited to his assets in the busi- ship, and corporation. ness under a limited partnership. However, he must be a The single proprietorship is the simplest and most com- "silent partner" with no managerial power. mon farm business. With this business relationship, one Under a single proprietorship and a partnership, the own- person is owner and manager and is personally liable for all er or owners are personally liable for all business actions. business actions. Forming a family corporation avoids personal liability. Li-

Under a single proprietorship, a father and son can form ability is limited to the investment in the farm business. This an employer-employee relationship or a landlord-tenant re- idea of limited liability is important in a large farming oper- lationship. ation where large debts may be incurred. The son does not manage under an employer-employee re- Forming a family corporation allows easy transfer of in- lationship, and he is not liable for any business actions since terest in the farm business from father to son. Also, there he is merely an employee. This is a poor business relation- may be some tax advantages and. since the shareholders are ship for a father and son because the son has no managerial usually the employees of a family corporation, they can re- responsibility. ceive retirement plans, life and medical insurance, and other Forming a landlord-tenant relationship gives the son man- benefits not allowable with a single proprietorship and a agerial responsibility. If there is a lease, the father can exer- partnership. cise some managerial responsibility and still be landlord for The disadvantages of a family corporation include: in- legal taxation purposes. The son, as tenant, is liable for his corporation expense, more complicated income tax forms, business actions, and the father, as landlord, is not liable. paying social security taxes for employees, no capital gains

A partnership relationship reduces taxes if the profits are since depreciation ends at zero, and there is little or no mar- divided between father and son. Anyone can be a partner ket for a shareholder if he decides to sell his interest in the who contributes capital or labor and shares management. A farm business. partnership will also allow the son to take over the farm Since both the corporation and the shareholders are taxed business by increasing managerial responsibility. on the same profit from the farm business, a tax-option or •There are several disadvantages to a partnership. It termi- pseudo corporation may be formed to avoid this double tax- nates at the will of any partner, and all partners have equal ation. Under this business relationship, the shareholders elect managerial rights, even if one partner owns more assets in to be taxed as individuals. the partnership. Double taxation can also be avoided by paying the farm

Liability for a partner's business actions is the main dis- employees salaries and bonuses that will keep the corpor- advantage of a partnership. To avoid liability for a partner's ation's profits small. actions, some business co-owners have signed a contract Choosing the right type of business relationship for your saying, "This is not a partnership." The courts do not farming situation may be one of the most important de- recognize such statements. cisons you will make as you break the entry barrier into The courts say a business is a partnership if there is farming.

February-March, 1969 .

Prior to 1963 many plant geneticists believed low protein quality in corn was unavoidable. Hence universities and seed companies conducted very little research LYSINE CORN on quality. A classical experiment by the Illinois Agricultural Experi- ment Station proved protein content to be highly heritable. After 65 generations a high strain reached 25 percent pro- A "SUPER tein, and a low strain regressed to 4 percent. Although protein quantity in the high strain showed possibilities of more improvement, the quality of protein degenerated con- siderably. rherefore, further attempts to increase protein GRAIN"? quantity of normal corn became impractical. Opaque-2 gene. Then in December of 1963 a Purdue By Ron Miller University research team, plant geneticist Dr. Oliver E. Nelson and biochemist Dr. Edwin T. Mertz. discovered a gene which raised the quality of protein in corn. This mutant recessive gene, commonly called opaque-2. causes an increase of certain amino acids, particularly lysine and trypto- selected producers this spring. They produced the seed in phan. Iowa and plan to use farmer participation as a research The outward appearance of corn with the opaque-2 gene tool. In short, at least three companies plan to distribute generaliy lacks luster. Also, unlike normal corn, opaque-2 enough seed for 18.000 acres this spring, while others will kernels restrict the passage of light, consequently the name wait one or two more years before placing high lysine seed opat/ue-2 on the market. Seed production. The finding stimulated seed com- Field performance. High lysine corn generally yields 90- panies and universities to concentrate their efforts on 95 percent of their normal counterparts. Many plant breeders protein quality. Research moved forward in the corn belt feel the production of more generations and selection work regions of Ohio. Indiana. Illinois. Wisconsin. Minnesota, will raise yields. Others, however, believe the low density and Iowa with plant breeders growing two generations of of the endosperm starch in opaque-2 contributes to low opaque-2 seed stock each year. To speed up progress re- yields. searchers bred three generations a year in tropical and Opaque-2 varieties tested at the University of Illinois, semi-tropical areas—Jamaica. Florida. Hawaii, and others. under the direction of Professor D.E. Alexander, and sum- Final testing, however, must be done in the region where marized in Table 1 averaged 8 percent less than the normal farmers will grow opaque-2 hybrids. Most seed companies hybrids in the 1967 trial. The 1966 tests revealed opaque-2 have reached this point in their research. yielding only 85 percent as well as the normal counterparts. Funk Bros. Seed Company expects to make a limited Selection work on more generations may provide some ex- amount of seed available to farmers by the fall of 1969. planation for a higher percentage in 1967. Also noteworthy, Besides testing in the corn belt. Funk Bros, is devoting con- Illinois researchers found seven opaque hybrids equaled or siderable effort on high lysine corn in the protein deficient out-produced their normal counterparts in the latter trial. areas of the world. They are now conducting marketing Also in Table 1 note the lower weight per 100 kernels in research in South America on materials produced by Corn opaque-2 varieties as compared to normal hybrids. Analysis Products Company. of a synthetic opaque-2. corn similar to open-pollinated va- The Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company grew 20 high rities. showed that about 10 percent of the population lysine single crosses in 1968. They will compare the results equaled the 100-kernel weight of normal corn. of these hybrids with their normal counterparts. Also. 70 In Illinois studies the yield per plant corresponded posi- inbred strains now being converted to opaque-2 varieties tively with 100-kernel weight. This could mean that con- will be tested. Pioneer plans to sell high lysine seed in 1970. tinued selection will increase the yields of high lysine corn. In the spring of 1968 Northrup. King and Company dis- Kernel density on the other hand showed little relationship tributed, on an experimental basis. 300 bushels of opaque-2 to weight of grain per plant. Consequently, improving the corn to midwest farmers. Should tests on the 1968 crop quality of protein may not necessarily reduce yields even

prove favorable, the company will distribute about 2.000 though it does affect the density of the kernel. bushels this spring. This could mean a 1969 harvest of Some opaque-2 hybrids showed little difference in mois-

1 -I ' ^ million bushels for testing and feeding. ture content from counterparts; however, most high lysine Cargill. Inc. will distribute some high lysine corn to strains reveal higher amounts of moisture (Table 1) than

TABLE I

University of Illinois

Mean performance of opaque-2 single cross hybrids and normal counterparts. Moisture Erect Wt./lOO Yield in Grain Plants Protein Kernels (Bu/A-1 (%) (%) (%) (g) 1966 (17 comparisons) Opaque-2 105 264 97 11.1 29.9 Normal 124 24.0 92 10.8 34.6 Mean Difference -19* +2.4* +0.3* 4.7* % of Normal Hybrid 85 iio 102 86.4 1967 (19 comparisons) Opaque-2 86 26 74 Normal 93 22 67 Mean Difference -7 + 4* % of Normal Hybrid 92 118 •Difference significant at 5% level of probability.

22 The National FUTURE FARMER Courtesy of Northrup. King & Co. The four groups at the top show the result of adding one, two, or three opaque-2 genes to an inbred. Notice

Courtesy of Funk Bros. Seed Co. the darker coloration of the present Notice the dull appearance and the amount of soft starch in the opaque-2 kernels. day hybrid in the lower corner.

their normal counterparts. Some data suggests that opaque-2 The development of the copper extraction-fractionation may dry more rapidly in the field than dent corn. The soft method for separating proteins in corn greatly accelerated endosperm increases the possibility of shelling damage and the search for better quality protein. The test separates cracking in opaque-2 varieties. This tendency could be cor- zein, an endosperm protein deficient in lysine and trypto- rected by machine modification or by harvesting at a lower phan, and glutelin, an endosperm protein high in these moisture level. Corn pickers apparently cause less damage amino acids. Opaque-2 endosperm tested 15.7 percent than combines. The problem of cracking is not a big concern zein and 42.3 percent glutelin of the total protein. Normal if corn is for on-the-farm use, but contract corn must be in corn varieties contained 41 to 52 percent zein and 17 to good condition. 28 percent glutelin; thus revealing a complete reversal of

Because the opaque trait is recessive, growing opaque corn the zein to glutelin ratio in the endosperm. requires isolation from other corn varieties. This can be done The research team at Purdue. Drs. Edwin T. Mertz. by distance, maturity, time of flowering, or by border rows. Lynn S. Bates, and Oliver E. Nelson, examined the amino

The main problem here is delivering a product free of low acid content as early as 1964. Endosperms of normal and quality protein kernels. This kind of contamination will opaque-2 corn are compared in Table 3 and each contained decrease the quality of protein and lower the market price. exactly 8.69 percent crude protein. Testing the embryo is Dr. N. P. Neal conducted germination experiments at important because the endosperm carries about 80 percent the University of Wisconsin. As shown in Table 2. most of the total protein and the embryo carries 20 percent. opaques have lower germination percentages, especially Notice the opaque-2 endosperm contains 69 percent more in cold soils. Some varieties, however, do compare well lysine than the normal endosperm. with the normal counterparts. Recent data from the Illinois research team of Drs. D. E. The standability of opaque hybrids, noted as erect plants Alexander. R. J. Lambert, and J. W. Dudley show that in Table 1, shows no significant difference. Opaques mature lysine content based on the percent of total protein in slower, but not appreciably, and are more susceptible to whole grain may be increased beyond the .4 percent level ear rots. of current opaque varieties. They produced several inbreds Kernel analysis. When comparing high lysine and normal and derived hybrids with .5 percent lysine or more. corn the chemical analysis is most important. Analysis of Still another factor, nitrogen availability, affects protein amino acids in opaque-2 varieties show yield is independent synthesis and storage in the kernel. Plant breeders say of protein quality. Dr. O. E. Nelson of Purdue University nitrogen can affect the amount of protein by as much as reported 15 percent protein corn with the opaque-2 gene 2 1 2 percent. The increase in protein is accompanied by a had quality similar to opaque corn with only 10 percent decrease in starch or oil. or both. Nitrogen availability protein. affects opaque-2 and normal corn in a similar manner. Most reports conclude that opaque-2 averages much higher in potassium content than normal corn. Plant breeder S. F. Goodsell reported 27 percent more potassium. According TABLE 2 to research by Mr. C. D. Elmore of the University of University of Wisconsin and University of Illinois Illinois (Table 4). opaques averaged 71 percent more po- Percent germination of opaque-2 and normal versions of backcross recoveries in cold tests, 1967. tassium. The cause is hereditary and requires further re- Variety Opaque Norm al search. R803 (BC3) 89 93 Floiiry-2 gene. Floury-2. another newfound gene, in- R802 (BC2) 13 90 creases protein quality bv about the same amount as the WF9 (BC2) 5 97 opaque-2 gene. In floury-2 the amount of methionine, an- M14 (BC1) 91 98 other amino acid, is higher than in normal or opaque corn. R801 (BC1) 25 97 All other amino acid composition is similar. Floury-2 stock Mean of 24 comparisons 44 88 (Continued on Next Paste)

February-March, 1969 LYSINE CORN - TABLE 4 University of Illinois Potassium content of whole kernels of opaque-2 A "SUPER GRAIN"? hybrids and their normal counterparts, 1967. Percent of dry matter Variety Normal Opaque-2 (R802x R803) R181B 0.34 0.56 probably have less reduction in kernel weight and show (R802 x R803) W64A 0.29 0.52 signs of less yield reduction. By crossing opaque-2 and (R801 x R802) Oh43 0.33 0.59 floury-2, breeders eventually can obtain a double mutant. (R801 x R802) Mol7 0.33 0.54 The visual appearance of a double mutant is similar to normal corn, and preliminary tests indicate that it appears this feeding data, several questions arise. Should they try to denser and harder than opaque-2. narrow the lysine to protein ratios, or select for higher pro- Livestock feeding. In 1964 Dr. Richard Pickett of Purdue tein content, or should they select for both traits? Corn with University conducted feeding trials on three groups of 10 percent protein and 5.5 grams of lysine per 100 grams pigs. Group 1 received opaque-2 corn and gained .94 of protein is equivalent in lysine per pound dry matter to pounds per day. Group 2 gained only .26 pounds per day corn with 13.7 percent protein and 4 percent lysine. on normal corn, and Group 3 gained .93 pounds per day on Older animals need less protein than young animals; normal corn supplemented with soybean meal. At the time, similarly, breeding stock require .4 percent lysine based however, normal counterparts of the opaque variety were on total protein while young pigs need .7 percent. There- not yet available. fore, the ideal ratio of lysine to feed intake could be ob- At the University of Minnesota. Professor Robert Meade tained by ( 1 ) increasing protein and holding lysine per and I. R. Pick put hogs weighing about 130 pounds on a protein ratio constant, (2) narrowing lysine to protein 42-day trial. A 12 percent ration of normal corn and soy- ratio and holding the protein percent stable, or com- bean meal produced approximately the same amount of (3) bining these approaches. pork. 1.85 pounds per day. Adding pure lysine to the high Many problems are yet to be solved concerning high lysine corn diet did not change the results. lysine corn, but eventually the hog producer will save In another test at Minnesota hogs weighing 30 pounds many feed costs. Yields relative to regular corn will deter- were put on a 21 -day trial. Pigs fed lysine corn and soybean mine the price of lysine corn. Considering adaptation stages, meal gained 1.3 pounds daily and required 2.2 pounds of linear programming shows hog producers need yields of feed per pound of gain. The ration contained 13.5 percent at least 94 percent that of normal corn before making crude protein. A 16 percent ration of normal corn and economical substitution of lysine corn for other feeds. soybean meal produced a gain of 1.45 pounds daily. The When lysine corn yields reach that of normal corn a hogs required 2.1 pounds of feed per pound of gain when feed cost savings of 8.8 percent could result. At the same fed this ration. The high lysine corn reduced the need for time the number of market hogs could increase by one soybean meal by one-third, proving the high digestibility million. This would reduce the price per hundredweight and availability of protein. by 66 cents. Feeding trials by Dr. A. H. Jensen, nutritionist at the Poultry research, not yet completed, indicates the su- University of Illinois, further substantiates rapid gains from periority of opaque-2 varieties over normal corn. Because of non-supplemental high lysine corn. His data, summarized the higher level of methionine required by poultry, floury-2 in Table 5, demonstrates that the level of specific amino may prove to be the better protein source. acids, not crude protein content, causes a gain in weight. nutrition. The pork consumer will benefit Notice especially how favorably the gains of diet 4. a 9.3 Human more than anyone. With product development and marketing percent crude protein ration, compare with diet 1, the 12 research being public will be well percent ration. conducted now. the informed once food companies can produce high-protein Alexander of Illinois points out, if corn breeders accept corn products on a large scale. The greatest nutritional advantage of high lysine corn, TABLE 3 however, lies in providing human food in protein-deficient Purdue University areas. In South America. Africa, and other starving nations Amino acids in normal and opaque endosperms many weaned children suffer from kwashiorkor, a protein- from the same e3r of corn (expressed as grams per 100 g of protein). 1964. deficiency disease. Also, children who do not get adequate Endosperm protein before the age of 4 may never really develop full Amino Acid Opaque Normal brain potential. Lysine 3 39 2.00 High lysine corn may eventually provide everything Tryptophan* — — necessary for complete human nutrition except a few vita- Histidine 3.35 2.82 Amide ammonia 3 41 3.28 mins and minerals. When fully adapted a "super grain" Arginine 5.10 3.76 could give less developed countries a big nutritional boost. Aspartic acid 8.45 6.17 Glutamic acid 19.13 21.30 Threonine 3.91 3.48 TABLE 5 Serine 4.99 5.17 University of Illinois Proline 9.36 9.67 Performance of finishing pigs on normal maize and opaque-2 maize diets. Glycine 4.02 3.24 Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 Alanine 6.99 8.13 Crude protein 12.0 11.0 9.3 9.3 Valine 4.98 4.68 (%) Lysine (%)' 0.44 0.45 0.34 0.49 Cystine 2.35 1.79 Ave. daily gain (kg.) 0.68 0.73 0.61 0.70 Methionine 2.00 2.83 Gain/kg. feed (kg.) : 0.28 0.32 0.27 0.32 Isoleucine 3.91 3.82 Diet 1. - Normal corn and soybean meal, minerals, Leucine 11.63 14.29 etc. Diet 2. - Opaque-2 corn and soybean meal, minerals, etc. Tyrosine 4.71 5.26 Diet 3. - Opaque-2 corn alone. Phenylalanine 4.96 5.29 Diet 4. - Opaque-2 corn and synthetic lysine. •Tryptophan presents a specia problem because it is destroyed 1 by hydrolyzing agents, Other un derlined amino acids n the opaque Expressed as percent of total diet. also increased. 1964 - Each value represents mean of 4 pens of 9 pigs each.

24 The National FUTURE FARMER FUNK'SG Makes Farming Fun!

*» *

l;W

" ' J •! •* * I. --a

W 9T with the 1969 '304 BushelChallenge"

What a great way to produce the Best of all, you have the oppor- "304 Bushel Challenge'" corn pro- biggest corn yield in your com- tunity to compete for valuable duction contest. Ask your advisor munity — and win valuable awards trophies and awards! to fill out the coupon on this page, and recognition! Plan now to enter the 1969 and send todav for all details. The "304 Bushel Challenge", sponsored by the producers of The Producers of Funk's G-Hybrids Funk's G-Hybrids, helps you organize a Chapter team to com- 304 BUSHEL CHALLENGE pete with hundreds of FFA Funk Bros. Seed Co. chapters across the nation. You FUNK'S 1300 W. Washington St., Bloomington. III. 61701 and your team practice all steps Dear Sirs: Please send details about the 1969 of modern corn production, then "304 Bushel Challenge" work with local corn specialists to harvest a record-setting yield. NAME. The new corn growing practices ADDRESS. help both you and your local community — and your FFA chapter CITY _STATE_ receives valuable local publicity! 16'

BENCH BENCH

ENCH GRINDER VISE D^[ L ^ SMALL PRESS \ PARTS \ ISTORAGES

Planning Your MANDREL 24' i GRINDER BATTERY CHAIN ANVIL CHARGER G Farm Shop HOIST COMPRESSOR ARC By Ron Miller WELDER D CIRCUIT ACETYLENE SWITCHES to WELDER fcFIREW EXTINGUISHER OVERHEAD DOORS

10' 8' 1

EVERY FARM there is a best replacing, consider both the old and a Fig. B Small Shop ONlocation for the farm shop. new location for repairing and servicing Many farms already have a re- equipment. new building. Maybe your farming en- pair shop as one of the farm buildings. Perhaps part of another farm build- terprise has changed, and you find that

But. if your farm lacks a shop or your ing can be economically converted into you are wasting time, effort, and money shop building is getting old and needs a shop, thus eliminating the cost of a because your shop is too far away from

Fig. A Large Shop

64'

FIRE EXTINGUISHER 1 — jgj . SUPPLY BINS ™ LARGE & SMALL PARTS STORAGE COMPRESSOR! I |§L ANVIL ACETYLENE STORAGE WELDER AREA

32' 16' I]

FLOOR j | HOIST 1 F

MANDREL ARC DRILL GRINDER WELDER PRESS 3ATTEPY BENCH GRINDER CHARGER PARTS PORTABLE VISE [~| '-/ASHER BENCH _ BENCH i BENCH FIRE EXTINGUI

26 The National FUTURE FARMER where the breakdowns occur. In any spend much time servicing implements event, when you decide on a location be in extremely cold weather, electric sure to allow for easy access to the heated cables embedded in a concrete building, especially in wet weather. floor will furnish ample heat. Wall in- The size and design of a farm shop sulation always improves the efficiency depends on the farming operation. A of any heating system. large shop (Fig. A) with plenty of floor There is no substitute for good light-

space is most convenient for repairing ing. Therefore, it is advised to include tractors and farm implements. For fix- the placement of light fixtures and ing barn and livestock equipment a service outlets in the overall shop plans. smaller shop (Fig. B) is more suitable. Light fixtures should be placed direct- Refer to these shop drawings as you ly above each working area. Other continue reading and notice that the lights should supplement these fixtures Fig. C Turnstile shop plans provide ample work space so that there will be uniform lighting by each piece of equipment. throughout the shop. To minimize the Don't forget to build doors big enough use of extension cords, install proper hangers and hang the tools in order by for your largest piece of equipment. service outlets close to the electric tools. size. Wrenches, saws, hammers, screw Pouring a concrete apron or platform in Both fluorescent and bulb lighting drivers, and even socket sets can be front, of the shop doors provides addi- will provide adequate illumination. handled in this manner. A tool box tional work space during good weather Fluorescent lights furnish cool, nondi- like the one in Fig. D is easy to make and helps keep the shop floor clean in rectional lighting which diminishes sha- and provides additional storage for rainy weather. dows and glare. Regular bulbs supply hand tools. Although often overlooked, planning directional lighting, but the amount of Other standard tools in most farm the floor and floor space requires care- shadows and glare can be reduced shops include an anvil, grinder, vise, and ful attention. Probably the best material greatly by reflectors. drill press. The placing of these items

is smoothed concrete because it is easy To improve the quality of lighting requires careful consideration. You may to clean. If your service work includes in your shop, allow for plenty of win- have to change a section in the mower many engine repairs it's also a good dows and avoid direct sunlight on the bar or sharpen a cycle. These are long, idea to plan for drains and oil pits. In work benches. Corrugated windows now cumbersome parts which require a large all cases, allow plenty of room for the on the market diffuse the sun's rays working area. equipment. and reduce glare. Block windows also When building a new farm shop it The amount of heat required in a alleviate this problem. may be well to include an electric hoist. farm shop depends on two things: (1) Both large and small shops require With this device you can lift heavy the kind of climate in your area, and orderly storage arrangements. Parts equipment to any working area. Well- (2) the type of repairs being made. drawers can be placed along a wall for equipped farm shops also have acety- Many times a simple homemade stove convenient storage of nuts, bolts, nails, lene and electric welding equipment to does an adequate job. However, if you fittings, and other small items. Drawers handle all welding jobs. A welding underneath the work benches provide table, an air compressor, and a parts neat and handy storage for larger parts. washer will prove useful on modern To conserve space the lids of jars can farms. To round out your shop you be fastened on a circle of plywood may want to add a table or desk for 20' (Fig. C). Then by drilling a hole in the figuring and sketching. center, a turnstile much like a lazy When providing space for this equip- susan can be made. A device like this ment allow room for repairing and permits good use of an otherwise building large machinery. Also consider wasted corner. ventilation and fire hazards. Even if Keeping tools in a systematic fashion your shop doesn't include a welder or a

is a major problem in any shop. This parts washer it's a good idea to provide

is easily solved by racking tools on ply- adequate ventilation. And a fire extin- wood or pegboard. Simply make or buy guisher is a must in every shop.

Fig. D Tool Box

Dimensions " A=8" C=6" E=3V2 G=3%- B = 5" D=3Vi" F=1"R. H = 8Ve"

SLIDING END VIEW SIDE VIEW DOORS CONCRETE APRON

•

a; CIRCUIT SWITCHES c _L

Tool box plan courtesy of Curtis R. Weston, Depart- ment of Agricultural Eng:nccr:-.c. University of Missouri.

February-March, 1969 27 SPORTRAIT

By Stan Allen

times, gaining 81 yards, and even scored Earl Morrall is a big man, 6 feet, 2 Earl Morrall, Colt quarterback. two touchdowns. He was named to the inches tall and weighs around 210

All-Star team for the Pro Bowl game pounds. He is very agile for his size. THE NATIONAL Football that year. is a fine ball handler, and has a good League's Most Valuable Player That record would have kept most live passing arm. Earl had a big job to of 1968 almost hung up his quarterbacks in a starting role, but Earl learn the Colts' numbering system and cleats several years ago. But he remain- became the No. 2 man for the Steelers all the plays in their varied offense ed and today Earl Morrall is the Balti- in 1958 and was traded to Detroit late with just three weeks before the sea- more Colts' quarterback. He has been in the season. Earl was to spend seven son started. The Colts opened against in the pro ranks for 13 years and has seasons at Detroit as back-up man to the 49'ers and Earl got off to a shaky been with five teams, but regardless of the likes of Tobin Rote. Milt Plum, and start when his second pass was inter- his play he always seems to wind up as Jim Ninowski. The only time he had the cepted. He overcame this quickly by a back-up signal caller. starting job was in 1963 when Milt passing for two TD's and called a su-

Earl was raised in Muskegon, Michi- Plum was injured. Earl gave it a big perb game to win 27-10. Earl went on gan, where he starred for Muskegon effort and turned in a fine season as he to make winning a habit as he led the

High School. His play earned him completed 174 of 328 passes, a 53 per- Colts to 13 wins against only 1 loss in scholarship offers from several fine col- cent average, that gained 2,621 yards regular season play and an NFL cham- leges, and he finally decided on Michi- and 24 TD's. He also gained 105 yards pionship by beating the Cleveland gan State University. He earned All- running on 26 carries for a 4-yard Browns on December 29. The next stop America honors in an outstanding col- average, and he averaged 39.4 yards on will be the NFL-AFL Super Bowl in legiate career and led the Spartans to a 29 punts. He was really discouraged Miami against the New York Jets. He Rose Bowl victory in 1955. The Sport- when an injury kept him from winning has filled in nicely for Unitas and has ing News voted him to their college the starting job in 1964 and almost even brought about a change in the

All-America team that year. The San called it quits when traded to the New Colts' style of offense. He has used his Francisco 49'ers thought Morrall was York Giants in 1965. running backs more than Unitas did to good enough to be a first-round choice Earl was the starting quarterback for give the Colts a more balanced attack. in the 1956 NFL player draft. the Giants in 1965 and came up with Earl had his best season this year as Morrall played in 12 games during another good season for them. He hit he completed 182 of 317 passes that his rookie season and attempted 78 his receivers 155 times in 302 tries, gained 2,909 yards and scored 26 TD's. passes. He connected on 38 of them for gaining 2,446 yards and 22 TD's. He He led the NFL in passing and was a gain of 621 yards and one touchdown. led the Giants, who had only won two named NFL Player of The Year and He was also put in as a punter and did games in 1964, to a second-place finish, the NFL Most Valuable Player. He was a good job. averaging 37.9 yards on 45 but this still wasn't enough to win a No. also named the starting quarterback on punts. Earl thought he might be on his 1 spot. The Giants had obtained Fran the West All-Star team for the 1968 way. but the 49'ers drafted a hometown Tarkenton from the Minnesota Vikings, Pro Bowl game. Earl has compiled a boy, John Brodie. They received good and they gave him the starting job since fine record in his 13-year career, mostly value for Farl as the Pittsburgh Steelers his reputation as a scrambling quarter- as a back-up player. He has connected gave them two first-round draft choices back was a big draw at the box office. on 1,045 of 2,046 passes, a completion and a veteran linebacker in a trade. This put Morrall on the expendable list record of over 51 percent, that gained Morrall played in all 12 games for again when the Baltimore Colts were 15,717 yards and scored 123 touch- the Steelers in 1957 and turned in a looking for a back-up man this fall. downs. It seems only fair that his per- fine performance. He connected on 139 This was to prove a good break for severance and determination over the of 289 passes that gained 1.900 yards Earl as the Colts' fine quarterback. years be rewarded with the honors that and scored 1 1 touchdowns. He was a John Unitas. hurt his arm in one of the this fine quarterback is receiving this good runner too and carried the ball 41 last exhibition games. year for the first time.

28 The National FUTURE FARMER £

NFF269 Rest easy. Your future's in good Learning how to motivate and ARMY ROTC shape. Not tied up. Not hanging. lead others. P.O.Box 12703 Philadelphia. Pa. 19134 Taking Army ROTC in college As an Army officer you*ll get real will give you a certainty about your experience in management. Tell me how Army ROTC can put my mind future. About your college years while I'm in college. Responsibilities come fast as at ease and the years right after college. an officer. And they're important You can plan. to you. When you seek civilian Name_ As*e_ You have a little more time to employment, nothing registers as well consider important lifetime decisions. as sound management experience. Address- Time put to good use. Learning The kind you get as an Army Officer. how to work as part of a team. Through Army ROTC. City.

Take command of vour future... take Army ROTC State. _Zi P- Mechanics AN "Inborn Fondness"

Darrell constructed this boom and uses ates the 100-acre crop and hog farm picnic tables, and other household it for pulling car and truck engines. in partnership with his father. items. However, the main part of Darrell's Darrell served as vice president for farming program involves repairing and the Jefferson FFA and worked on the / / AM VERY interested in farm operating machinery. He does custom supervised farming and community machinery repair and construc- earth moving with a bulldozer, backhoe, service committees. He served as chair- tion." This testimony Dar- and dump truck. Through this experi- man of the supervised farming commit- I by rell Breeden of Jefferson City. Tennes- ence Darrell has learned how to survey tee and was speaker at the 1968 chapter see, winner of the national FFA Foun- farm ponds, drainage ditches, building banquet. dation award for Agricultural Me- sites, sewers, and fields. Operating a This mechanical interest also carries chanics expresses the "inborn fondness" corn picker, baler, combine, or plow is over in Darrell's FFA activities. He which he has developed through FFA. second nature to this mechanics winner. wired several appliances in the vo-ag Working with his father. Darrell Much of Darrell's mechanical intu- electrification center and installed helped build a milk house and a garage ition has been developed while working switches and 220-volt outlets in the on their 100-acre farm. Darrell now on cars and trucks. He has changed, school shop. He maintains the tools in operates the garage and repairs cars, overhauled, and rebuilt motors and the shop and has served as shop fore- trucks, and tractors with the aid of a transmissions. He converted a conven- man for two years. monorail and chain hoist which they tional truck to a dump truck, rebuilt a Darrell affirms that the "inborn installed at the time of construction. pickup previously destroyed by fire, and fondness" will continue to grow as he

Besides repairing home farm equip- designed two tractors from parts of says, "Someday I would like to obtain ment. Darrell does custom repair work several automobiles. He now plans to a farm machinery dealership." for neighbors and works at a local convert a one-ton bus into a camper. garage. Some of Darrell's major farm equip- Darrell's supervised farming program ment repairs include rebuilding the Darrell installs 220-volt outlets for includes 8 beef cattle, 6 dairy cows, and front ends on wagons, straightening power tools in the agriculture shop. 80 acres of leased land. He also oper- frames and hard-surfacing points on plows, and overhauling the knotters on hay balers. Besides this, the farm me- Here Darrell builds one of 28 trailers chanic changed a sacker combine to a in the vocational agriculture shop. bin type and reinforced frames on mowers and cultivators. I A truly good mechanic can plan as well as build new equipment. Such is the case with Darrell. In farm shop he designed and built six single-axle farm trailers. To date the young mechanic

has constructed 28 farm trailers, 1 two-

axle trailer, and 1 two-axle crawler float. He made a three-point hitch carry-all in vo-ag shop and since has constructed five more. For the livestock enterprise Darrell made feed bins, hog troughs, cattle chutes, and gates.

The young workman's handicraft is not limited to metal and machinery. Darrell also made several bookcases, whatnots, a grandfather clock, three

The Salional FUTURE FARMER —

MAKING WELDING REPAIRS on farm machinery and a joint by gravity. You can aid the flow by holding the equipment requires working in many awkward places. Get- rod perpendicular to the welding surface. The other positions ting good penetration and well formed beads in confined require more control over the molten puddle. quarters means added strength to repairs. Consequently, you With an electric welder, vertical welds are made from the reduce costly repetitive repairs and save time. bottom up in metal thicker Welding positions are defined according to the position of than 3/ 16 inch. By holding the joint being welded. Flat position welding refers to weld- the electrode approximate-

ing on top of a surface that is approximately level. This is ly perpendicular to the

the most preferred position as it offers the operator com- welding surface and reduc- fortable working conditions. ing current slightly from Making a weld on the underside of a flat surface is called the flat positionsetting. you overhead position welding, and welding in a horizontal posi- can control the puddle of tion means running a bead across a vertical surface, while molten metal. When weld- vertical position welding involves carrying a bead up or ing thin metal downward in down a vertical surface. the vertical position, turn All metal being welded requires careful preparation. Re- the electrode up at a 60 de- moving rust, scale, and dirt makes for strong welds, good gree angle. Use a higher looking beads, and lowers consumption of electrodes and current setting and a faster To make a wide bead when welding speed than filler rods. Metal less than Vs inch thick requires little or when welding up, use a "J" weave. welding upward. no beveling. Metal over V» inch thick should be veed or To deposit a narrow bead on beveled on one side to insure penetration fusion. Welding in the horizon- good and thin metal use a back-and- If possible, metal thicker than % inch should be V-grooved tal position with an arc forth weave if welding down. on both sides. Grooving or beveling also helps increase welder is like flat position welding speed. welding in that most right-handed workmen move the electrode

As metal gets hot it expands. As metal cools it contracts. from left to right. Hold the electrode horizontal to the welding However, one force may be stronger than the other and. surface and lean it 15 degrees in the direction of welding. therefore, cause the pieces of metal to change position. Lower current and use an upward arch motion to counteract Tack welds every 6 inches on long pieces will hold metal in the tendency of position. Short pieces need tacks at both ends. Place tack puddle sag. ^Sv ^^w ^"*"s^ welds closer together on thin metals because expansion The overhead V ^^ \ ^*N^ \ >. Ik. and shrinkage are more critical on these connections. position, the most ^ ^^V\ ^^\ ^^\ difficult with an k ^A >A \A Electric Arc Welding arc welder be- N N ^1 cause of gravity This weave counteracts puddle sag The operator of an arc welder determines the length of pull, necessitates when welding in the horizontal position, arc, current setting, welding speed, and weave pattern ac- keeping a small cording to the kind and thickness of metal, type of joint, puddle and a very short arc. Electrodes for overhead weld- necessary strength, and the type of machine. When welding ing are usually not over • s inch thick. When welding on in horizontal, vertical, and the underside of a surface, use a straight bead—no weave overhead positions, these and control the welding speed. Movement too fast causes poor techniques require more fusion, and too slow a speed induces molten metal to drop. critical adjustment. In addition, you must consider Oxyacetylene Welding the welding position when selecting electrodes. Making a weld with an oxyacetylene welder requires skill In the flat position, mol- The most common electrode in selecting torch tips, directing the flame, and carrying a ten metal flows readily into pathem is the crescent weave. {Continued on Next Page)

February-March, 1969 31 6 ways to uk mlh...

puddle with the end of a rod. Techniques most important in make a Lincoln making horizontal, vertical, and overhead welds include flame and pressure direction, speed of welding, and puddle control with a filler rod. In flat position welding the torch tip points in the direction of welding at a 45 degree angle to the surface. Weldanpower The rod is 45 degrees from the surface in the op- posite direction. Also the weld starts from the right pay off. end of the seam, just op- posite that of the electric welder. The most common blowpipe motion is a cir- A circular weave can be used cular movement in the di- when gas welding in a flat, rection of welding. When vertical, or overhead position. welding on a flat surface the speed of welding can be used solely for regulating penetration and fusion,

Since most metal joined with a gas welder is thick, the direction of welding in a vertical position is usually upward. Hold the torch tip up at a 45 degree angle and the rod down at the same angle. Move the blowpipe upward, keeping the puddle shallow. Lift the tip away from the surface slightly at regular intervals. This allows the lower part of the puddle to solidify and thus forms a ledge which holds the molten metal. When welding metal in a horizontal plane, the torch and rod are held in the same manner as in flat position welding.

However, the weave is back and forth on the edges of the seam, not circular. Heat the bottom piece longer than the top and add filler rod when the This portable engine-driven Lincoln is a 3500- top piece barely reaches welding watt generator for tools, lights, emergency power This weave permits good temperature. Guiding with the needs. It's also a 130-amp arc welder for 1001 fusion when gas welding rod improves control of the jobs. What more could you want for less than * in a horizontal position. puddle. $365? Here's how you can make it pay off: Overhead welding with an

1 . Emergency field repair work on your own farm. oxyacetylene welder is often easier than vertical or horizon- 2 Field construction work— structures, irrigation tal welding. Again use the rod to help move the puddle pipe, etc. along and utilize a circular motion with the blowpipe. Em- 3 Contract welding for your neighbors. ploy less heat and keep the puddle small and shallow. The 4. Extra income for your Chapter. torch tip should be held approximately 90 degrees to the welding area. The rod should be 45 degrees from the metal 5. Shop maintenance and construction welding when a surface. during winter months. welding underneath 6. Emergency power and lights— shop or field. Mail the coupon for Bulletin on Weldanpower and for name of your nearest Lincoln distributor.

'Zone 1 list price, less accessories, less wheels; subject to change without notice.

THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO. LINCOLN Dept. F-30 ELECTRIC .^V^lLs^ «^&£g$i&!r^ 22801 St. Clair Ave. "*•*» Cleveland. Ohio 44117

Send free bulletin on Weldanpower and names of distributors.

Name-

Address-

City -RFD No.- -State- "That settles it! Johnny has got to quit 'souping up' the farm machinery!" The World's Largest Manufacturer of Arc Melding Equipment and Supplies. 32 The S'ational FUTURE FARMER SO EASY 10 USE

A KID CAN WELD Tony Silva

Teaches Marketing

By Gra Allen

Heavy-duty voltage control and cutting ground, spot welds, solders, battery charger, overhead and vertical welding, 20-YEAR WARRANTY! LOW COST! Please send information four-man lecture a leader of a I 1 Twentieth Century Mfg. As team, Tony Silva, a former FFA Co. 9231 Penn Avenue South member, tours central California tell- Minneapolis, FF Minnesota 55431 vocational agriculture ing high school Name classes about the American free enter- Addfess_ prise system and the principles of co- operative marketing. City Tony, a 21 -year-old college senior, Zip _Occupation_ volunteered as chairman of the group after assisting in the project last year.

The lecture tour is under the direction of Tony's instructor, Mr. Jack Scott, agricultural marketing teacher at Cali- FOR all Official fornia State Polytechnic College.

"Modern farming is more than successful production," says Tony. "Mo- dern farming is successful production FFA plus successful marketing." "Our task," explains Tony, "is to help MERCHANDISE high school juniors and seniors in FFA prepare for the annual Farm Co-op Tony emphasizes a point while answer- Quiz contest sponsored by the Agricul- ing the questions of a vocational agri- tural Council of California." To prepare culture class at the Santa Maria for the written tests the students and School in central California. their chapter advisors devote two to High three weeks of class study time to marketing and business principles. During that time the classes ask guest speakers Tony received the State Farmer De- to explain the principles of farm co- gree in 1965 and American Farmer in operatives to them. 1966. He was also a member of the Tony emphasizes, "We prepare well 1965 Los Banos FFA Chapter dairy SEE YOUR in advance and drill ourselves on co- cattle judging team that won the na- operative finance, pooling, patronage tional finals at the National Dairy Cattle CHAPTER CATALOGUE refunds, and the many details of orga- Congress in Waterloo, Iowa. nizing and operating farmer coopera- In college Tony has held a variety of ORDER FROM tives. After this the toughest and most major student government offices and exciting part is getting the students into all the while piling up an impressive FUTURE FARMERS the discussion and asking questions, and academic record. Tony is also a mem- helping them to teach themselves." ber of two scholastic fraternities. SUPPLY SERVICE Tony was a member in the Los Tony is studying agricultural business Banos, California, FFA Chapter. His management. Next year he takes his Alexandria, Va. 22309 farming program included dairy, cot- fifth year of study and specialization in ton, sheep, and swine. He served as preparation for his teaching career. He Owned and operated by the reporter and president for his local plans to teach vocational agriculture Future Farmers of America chapter and held sectional, regional, upon graduation and feels the lecture and state offices. training is valuable experience.

February-March, 1969 '" ':

_../"_. Local judging contests much like the one pictured here give team members a chance to prepare for the world series of livestock judging, the National FFA Contest at Kansas City, Missouri. Color photo by Ralph Woodin Oral Reasons Added to Judging Contests

By John Lacey

ANYONE CAN place a class of from each of the four FFA regions. life. Choosing a career, deciding which livestock or poultry. But it takes The purpose of the national contests, school to attend, making a decision on a good judge to defend his plac- as described in the official contest bul- which of two cars to buy—all are prob- ". ing with a set of orally delivered reasons letin, is . . to provide competitive lems to which sound principles of judg- and make the official judge believe this activities which reflect some of the abil- ment must be applied. The ability to placing is correct. ities needed in the successful produc- make such decisions is further increased Undoubtedly, giving oral reasons is tion of livestock, dairy cattle and poul- when you can defend that decision in a much more demanding than simply try, and other educational activities re- logical, realistic way. Giving oral rea- circling one of 24 possible placings lated thereto." This purpose is no dif- sons in livestock judging is excellent printed on a placing card. You must ferent from that of judging activities in training and experience for the many organize a set of statements in a logical vocational agriculture classes all across more important problems of life you sequence and deliver them orally in a the country. will face as you grow older. systematic and convincing manner, us- A practical application of livestock One example of leadership is the ing proper terms. judging ability is when a farmer or ability of a person to stand on his feet Oral reasons will be required in the rancher is selecting a herd sire for use and present his thoughts in a logical, x969 national FFA poultry, livestock, with his own livestock. He may be realistic, and convincing manner. This and dairy judging contests for the first selecting a sire from four or forty possi- ability to speak clearly and convincingly time in recent years. Each contestant bilities. The animals will not be lined up is necessary in many occupations today, will give one set of reasons in each before him and numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. The and certainly the successful farmer or contest. He will deliver his reasons for rancher must have trained himself to rancher must be able to defend his placing the class as he did in two min- have the image of the animal he looked position on many issues. What better utes or less without notes except the at three days before and a hundred way is there to practice speaking than card on which his placing was made. miles away in the back of his mind. He by giving oral reasons for a decision Contestants will have 12 minutes to then can compare that animal with the made in a livestock judging class? place the class and at least 12 addi- animal before him. The rancher is really tional minutes to organize his thoughts giving reasons to himself and preparing SCORING ORAL REASONS in preparation for delivering the rea- to make a decision on which animal In the National FFA Judging Con- sons. will most nearly fill his needs. If the tests, oral reasons will be scored on the The reasons class in poultry will be buyer has failed to develop his skill in basis of 50 possible points. A wide vari- selected from one of the two classes of livestock judging, he then must rely on ety of score cards for oral reasons are hens in production. The reasons class guesswork or the sales talk of the used over the country, but most of them in dairy will be selected from one class breeder from whom he may purchase. are quite similar. In the National FFA of production age cows. In livestock There has never been a successful live- Contests emphasis will be given to the the reasons class may be selected from stock breeding program built and main- logical organization of reasons, the pro- any of the seven classes presented tained on guesswork. per use of appropriate terms, the cor- (beef, sheep, or swine). Reason classes A basic reason for an FFA member rectness of statements made, and the ap- in all contests will be announced at the to participate in livestock judging is to pearance and manners of the contestant. beginning of the contests and will not develop the ability to make a decision The contestant will be asked to turn be announced before that time. based on the best information he has. in his placing card on the "reasons" Including oral reasons in the Nation- It is important, of course, that the de- class when he has made his decision,

al FFA Judging Contests for 1969 was cision made is the correct one, but it just as he does in each of the "non- recommended by the Special Study may be even more important to under- reasons" classes. The cards will be ar- Committee for National Contests and stand and be able to apply the principles ranged in logical order while the con- was approved by the National FFA of decision making. The ability to ap- testant prepares to deliver the reasons. Board of Directors. The Special Study ply sound principles in livestock judg- The judges will call the contestant by Committee is made up of one state ing are no different than applying sound number to deliver the reasons. The fol- supervisor and one teacher educator principles in other major decisions in (Continued on Page 37'I

February-March, 1969 35 — —

YOUNG PEOPLE THEN AND NOW

By Vivian Briggs

Age Makes A Difference /T'S NO SECRET, parents are people. Not so many years ago they were young as you are. They had the Here's another secret. Age makes a difference. At age same emotions, the same problems, the same questions, 35 or 40 things appear quite different than they do in the and many of the same experiences. teens. Both generations need to recognize that fact. Some- Most things which are irritating and frustrating can be times adults object to the noise which normally accom- worked out by simply sitting down and talking them over. panies the activities of youth. Do you suppose one reason You may think you can't talk to your parents about these might be that adults have heard most of those noises things because they will not listen. Are you certain that in fact have made many of them in their own teen years? they will not listen, or is it possible that you have the Their ears are tired and need rest. Noise is a necessary part wrong attitude? Perhaps you have not given your parents of growing up. It comes in various forms. Sometimes it a real chance to know what is on your mind. is in music—that joyful noise which to youth is music, There is one thing which you won't want to forget but which many adults no longer appreciate. your mother and father are human individuals. After that Another form of so-called noise is in speech. Are you they are your parents. Your arrival into the family did not aware that you young people use some very unique language change them from people into institutions. to describe events and people? You use expressions as new as tomorrow's newspaper. This can be a source of Parents Are Concerned confusion and perhaps irritation to your parents to whom

Your parents want to be individuals, yet they are very teenage language is a bit vague and difficult to follow. much wrapped up in you and your affairs. In each genera- Have patience with them. tion this has been basic to being a parent. When you are a The fact that many young people are not interested in parent, you will follow the same pattern. order and neatness may also be a cause of friction in

Your father and mother are more concerned for your families. It is much easier to leave things where they fall welfare, your life, your ambitions, and your interests than than to pick them up and put them away. As you grow they are for their own. Probably they are more concerned older you will be too busy to take the time to look for than you are yourself. This often makes it difficult for things you have lost or misplaced so you will prefer order you and may be quite irritating. This is a time to sit down and neatness. and talk it over. You don't know how your parents feel. Share Family Fun Your parents do not understand what your feelings really are. When you sit down together and talk things over, you In spite of difference in interests and activities, your get them out into the open where they can be seen from family can have much fun together. Everyone likes to all sides. Your problems never can be worked out if you play so there is opportunity for games and sports—both keep them bottled up inside yourself and let them boil into indoors and out. In play, age differences are erased and resentment. valuable family unity can be developed. You will find that your parents will make reasonable If you, will look at young people, you will notice that adjustment to your ideas and desires in proportion to your some of them are not good mixers. On the whole they willingness to make reasonable adjustment. Any real friend- are likely to be more exclusive and non-participating than ship is based on understanding and cooperation. adults. It may be that they do not feel at ease or perhaps Sometimes your parents appear to you to be old fashioned because of the natural clannishness of young people. If and sort of stuffy. You wish they could "get with it" and your family is not enjoying a friendly comradeship, it may be more modern. When you stop to think it over, it is be that you are not doing your share in promoting good good they do not act as though they are still teenagers. relationships.

36 nc-s The National FUTURE FARMER .

glance at your placing card is appropri- Oral Reasons ate. 5. Do not speak too rapidly to be (Continued from Page 35) clearly understood. Draw 6. Do not speak too loud. There will be only one man lisjening, and he will be five or six feet from you. 7. Avoid extravagant dress, unusual lowing suggestions on what to do and Lincoln hair styles, or anything else that would not to do may be helpful as you pre- cause the judge to be distracted from pare to give oral reasons in a contest. what you say. THINGS TO DO 8. Do not use extravagant terms (such as. "Number 1 is by far the deep- 1. Open your remarks by identifying est, smoothest, etc."); instead use com- the class and your placing. (I placed parative descriptions (such as "Number this class of Holstein aged cows 1-2-3-4.)

1 is deeper and more evenly finished 2. Talk about pairs of animals using 2"). terms which compare the animals rather than number repetitive statements as than describe them. 9. Avoid much as possible. Try to use different 3. Emphasize the reasons you place one animal over another rather than the terms with different pairs of animals. not use a canned set of rea- criticisms of the lower placed animal. 10. Do sons. These are easily identified by a 4. Stand squarely on both feet. judge and are the quickest way possible 5. Look the judge squarely in the eye. saying you know nothing about the 6. Speak clearly and distinctly. of class. 7. Be polite but don't overdo it.

1 1 not try to describe the ani- 8. Be convincing but not arrogant. Do mals by hand movements. THINGS NOT TO DO For some students of vocational agriculture, giving oral reasons will be a 1. Do not wear a hat while delivering for others it reasons. new experience, whereas will an opportunity to further de- You May Win a 2. Do not chew gum or smoke while be their skill. For all contestants in giving reasons. (Smoking is not per- velop $795.00 Scholarship in national contests, giving oral rea- mitted during any part of the national the Commercial Art contests.) sons will be another growth experience Draw Lincoln in pencil — but for the next step in life. 3. not stand on one foot and in preparation Do make your drawing a different size then the other or move about unneces- from the picture shown. sarily. Stand squarely on both feet. The author, Mr. John W. Lacey, is genera! If you win the scholarship prize, 4. Do not look down at your feet, at .superintendent of the National FFA Judging Con- you get the complete course agricul- the ceiling, or whatever else might be tests. He has been a teacher of vocational ture, state FFA executive secretary, supervisor of in commercial art taught by one attractive. As you talk to the judge, vocational agriculture, and presently is a program of America's leading home study art officer for the U.S. Office of Education in Den- look directly at him. An occasional ver, Colorado. schools — Art Instruction Schools. You will receive personal attention from professional commercial artists in the fields of advertising art, illustrating, cartooning and painting.

Every qualified entrant will get a professional estimate of talent without cost.

Entries for current contest must be in before March 31, 1969. None can be returned. Our students and professional artists are not eligible. Clip the coupon below

and mail it right away! mail this coupon to enter contest ai/art instruction schools Studio 9F-3S41 • 500 South Fourth Street Minneapolis. Minn. 55415

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Name,

Occupation, _Age-

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Fletcher j0^ Accredited by the Accrediting Commission ! l-rl ! ot the National Home Study Council. Approved tor Veterans Training. " When I hired out as a crop duster, there wasn't anything said about an airplane.

February-March, 1969 37 and line up the items in selling order. bath in a double barreled shotgun. Mr. Swainson of the Belgrade State Would make excellent temporary slat Bank has volunteered his services as for a picket fence. clerk for the sale, and chapter mem- Lot 6. (Special Offerings) Don Erick- bers are assigned to him as assistants. son. (Weight to be announced on day of Mr. Hebel and Mr. Griswold, local auc- the sale.) Born in the West, sired by hu- tioneers, also donate their services for mans. Raised on ground Longhorn the sale, and chapter members are as- hide and rattlesnake venom. At the age A good sale crowd attends the annual signed to assist them during the sale. of three, picked up his family and consignment auctions and the bidding Terms of the sale are strictly cash, moved east. Excellent in training ani- and no item can be removed from the mals. The dog he works with will not indicates the good community support. lot until payment is made to the clerk only speak, it will give hour-long lec- of the sale. tures. Adapted for other work such as Over the years the chapter has changing yard light bulbs, bulldogging, MONTANA— It takes some work, but learned of some things that have to be pitching hard-to-get-at manure, wash- the Belgrade Chapter holds an annual done with perfect accuracy. They are ing main street store windows, etc. Fine Gallatin Valley consignment auction recording entries to the sale of con- entertainer. Sings like a canary; has sale in the spring. This is the fourth signors, spelling names properly, listing brain like one, too. (Mark Hagel, Chap- year the Belgrade Chapter has con- complete addresses, using proper names, ter Reporter) ducted an auction of this type. This and recording the size and condition of year the chapter had consignments of equipment. Very accurate records of complete sets of farm machinery from buyer's name, address, price bid, and MINNESOTA—The Minnesota State three different farmers who were selling item bought are also a must. Association of FFA was presented the out or who were quitting farming for The Belgrade Chapter suggests this Minnesota AAA "Service to Motoring" some reason or other. project to any other chapter and wishes award at the motoring organization's Since the beginning, the sales have them good luck. (Bob Cooper, Chapter annual meeting. grossed over $20,000. Each year it has Reporter) FFA conducted a massive campaign grown larger. Last spring's auction sale several years ago for the installation and grossed over $11,000. use of safety belts in automobiles. Later, The chapter takes a commission of NORTH DAKOTA—Rugby Chapter the group conducted a program to elim- 10 percent on all items that sell up to sold $994 worth of "slave labor" at inate "blind corners" on rural highways $299. For items selling at $300 or more, their recent auction. There were 78 con- by clearing approaches to road inter- a 6 percent commission is charged. signments and all sold well. The voca- sections of tall crops, weeds, trees, and Net proceeds to the chapter this year tional agricultural instructors, Mr. Curt shrubs; thereby improving visibility at were more than $800. They also charge Teigen and Mr. Don Erickson, sold by the intersections and reducing chances $10.00 entry fee on all items that are the pound. Mr. Teigen brought $34.24. for accidents. FFA also conducted a bid in before the sale. and Mr. Erickson retailed for $35.20. statewide educational program on the The consignors to the sale are given Highest selling of the FFA member dangers of drinking and driving ... on complete advertising coverage on radio, slaves was Jerome Schiff purchased for pedestrian and bicycle safety . . . and a newspapers, handbills, and personal $27.50. special campaign in cooperation with contact. Radio stations support the sale The sale bill distributed to advertise local civic clubs and farm implement with spot announcements. The county the "slave auction" was full of facts dealers to install flags on all tractors agent has three chapter members as about the consigned slaves. Here are used on state highways. guests on his morning radio programs some examples: Most recently the state association and covers all aspects of the sale. Lot 2. Mike Christenson. Age 17, began a major campaign to combat the

The chapter also has a complete sale 6'0". 150 lbs. Here is a prize specimen. problem of the slow-moving vehicle on bill printed in all three Gallatin Valley He has been taught to write by hand state roads. Specifically, they took it up- papers two days before the sale. Two and do simple sums. Competent oper- on themselves to distribute and encour- thousand sale bills are printed and dis- ator of plantation machines. age the use of a special "slow-moving tributed in the towns in the Gallatin Lot 13. Ron Blessum. 6'1". 230 lbs., vehicle" emblem on all farm vehicles

Valley, surrounding communities, and age 17. Here is the answer! Strong! traveling on Minnesota roads and high- other chapters in the state. Strong as a horse and even a bit smart- ways. They also set up a small contest er! Can hold up a piano while owner The award is given annually by the among chapter members for the mem- backs vehicle under it. A steal at any state AAA to an individual or organi- ber getting the most sale consignments. price. zation for "outstanding contributions to Prizes are 15, 10, and 5 dollars. Lot. 55. Kenneth Koble. 5'7", 130 better and safer motoring." This is the As sale date approaches and consign- lbs., age 14. So slender he has to stand second time in the history of the award ments come in. members tag, record, up twice to make one shadow. Can take that an organization has been honored.

38 The National FUTURE FARMER J DRAW THE COWBOY

will represent their class in the championship. The rules of the contest are as follows: (1) Each member husks a row of standing corn with a time limit of five

minutes. (2) Each ear that he picks is worth ten points. (3) Six points are lost for each ear with more than two inches of husk left on the ear. Ten points are taken off for each ear missed. Twenty points are taken off for each ear taken from a stalk and not husked. When winners and runner-ups from the freshman, sophomore, junior, and State FFA executive secretary and the senior classes have been selected they state officers receive traffic safety compete for the chapter championship. honors from Minnesota AAA officials. The most ears picked by any member has been 123 in five minutes. You May Win a The class winners are presented tro- $795.00 Commercial the first being the presentation of the phies with small ears of corn mounted award to the Minnesota American on them as seen in the picture. The Art Scholarship Legion. overall champion receives a larger tro-

The award was presented to Thomas phy of the same type. Draw in pencil, any size you Meium, Jackson, president of Minne- The River View Chapter uses this as want (except a size that would sota FFA and a University of Minne- a recreation activity for its members. look like tracing). If your drawing sota student, by Erling Berg, Duluth, The interest is good. Many boys prac- is chosen, you'll get a complete president of the Minnesota AAA. tice at home long before the contest to $795.00 home study course in advertising art, illustrating, Berg paid tribute to the youthful or- gain more speed. Competition is getting cartooning, or painting. You'll be ganization of 14,000 persons for active- stronger each year. (Ray Griffith and taught by one of America's ly and consistently working for many Tom Stoll, FFA Advisors) leading home study art schools. traffic safety programs over the years. Every qualified entrant gets a professional estimate of his talent, KENTUCKY—There are 67 boys in free. Entries for current contest OHIO—The River View Chapter of Maytown High School in Langley, Ken- must be received by March 31.

Warsaw holds an annual corn husking tucky. There are 1 2 boys on the May- 1969. Amateurs only. Our students contest. Each class competes to see who town Wildcats basketball team. Ten of not eligible. Mail your drawing today. It could start those 12 are all members of the May- be the town FFA Chapter. of a profitable art career. Warsaw champs, left, are freshman, Randy Click, chapter president and a mail this coupon to enter contest Don Rich; sophomore, Jim Rich; junior, 6-foot senior forward, is top offensive Pat Hogans; and senior, Chuck Helmiclc. player with a 22-point average. Tom ai/art instruction schools Stewart, chapter sentinel and a 6-foot Studio 9F-3S42 500 South Fourth Street senior, is playmaker and defensive Minneapolis, Minn. 55415 guard with 14 points and 9 assists per game. Randy and Tom are co-captains Please enter my drawing in your of the winning Wildcats team. contest. iplease print) Maytown has a 10-0 record and recently won two tournaments. They're Name

also No. 1 in the region and ranked No. 16 in the state of Kentucky. Orr.npatinn Jake Halbert, Keith Hicks, David Apt Gibson. Rodney Hicks, Jeff Stewart. Mike Bailey. Jerry Hicks, and T. Greg City Rt«tp Halbert are the other FFA members on the team. Billy Joe Caudill, chapter County_ !ip Ccde_ treasurer, and William Allen, a chapter Accredited by the Accrediting Commission *tf^ member, are Wildcat managers. of National team Councfl. . v the Home Study I— WBm (Shirley Stewart) Approved for Veterans Training. February-March, 1969 39 Machine Cal\

- W0^* A Predator

By Russell Tinsley

A bird-in-distress call lured this raccoon within bow range.

WHEN THE regular hunting sea- Anyway you seek these wily critters meal, that no other hunting thrill can son is over, winter may seem is challenging and fun, even if only match. like a time of outdoor dol- tending a trapline. But of all methods, I There are a few fundamentals to con-

drums. It needn't be. There is still enjoy calling best. There is something sider when calling predators, as there something to be hunted. I'm speaking of about the way a sinister-looking preda- are in any hunting endeavor, but they widespread predators like foxes, rac- tor comes rushing to a call, duped close are rudimentary. coons, coyotes, and bobcats. by the promise of a quick and easy The obvious first step is to obtain some sort of calling device. A mouth-

blown call is inexpensive and easy to The author prepared a cartridge-type tape recorder for calling predators. In master. However, an alternative is an calling either a some instances it is necessay to attach an extra speaker to carry the sound. electronic apparatus, tape recorder or phonograph. I like an

electronic device because it leaves both hands free for shooting or photography. If you've got a battery-powered recorder or phonograph, you're in business. With this electronic device you can machine call a predator within range

and shoot it with either a bullet or arrow—or perhaps with a telephoto camera. Ideally, on a calm day or night the sound should carry for almost a half mile. This way you stand a reasonable chance of broadcasting the distress cries where a susceptive predator can hear them. Some tape recorders and phono- graphs lack the necessary volume for

calling. But this volume deficit is easily solved. Buy a speaker, a short length of wire, and a plug that will fit the auxili- ary speaker jack of the machine, con- nect the three, attach the speaker to the recorder or phonograph, and you've greatly improved the range performance.

If you still are not satisfied, there are amplifier-speaker units designed for boosting the volume of electronic callers. Such an amplifier really helps

The National FUTURE FARMER when you are calling in a strong wind. ignores. Even with these precautions it cult to call, but few callers stay in one It may seem you are taking advan- isn't unusual for a cunning predator to spot long enough to give a cat the tage of a predator by using such a ma- circle downwind and to find what is chance to show up. When after bobcats, chine. Ah, save those sentimental making the noise before it approaches call at least 30 minutes because the cat thoughts. The predator doesn't deserve the sound. If two persons are hunting is much more deliberate. them. It is one of the most cunning and together, it pays to position one a few Between calls, move at least a half sliest critters that roams the woods. A yards' downwind. He may be able to mile to keep from calling the same ter- predator is alert to any danger signal, ambush any predator that might try to rain over and over again. If possible, do no matter how insignificant. Scant few dodge the cry. not call one general area more than of them throw all caution to the wind as Of all animals, the gray fox and rac- once every two or three months. Preda- they come a-running to a call. Far more coon are the easiest prey for a call. The tors wise up in a hurry. One that has predators outwit the callers than vice coyote and red fox are much more been fooled once by a call has all the versa. alert and cautious. Foxes, raccoons, odds in its favor. In the predator's You can make your own distress cries or coyotes usually show up within 10 violent world there is seldom the luxury or purchase them commercially. For or 15 minutes. The bobcat isn't diffi- of a second chance. calling coyotes and bobcats in the western states, for example, the best sound would be that of a squealing jackrabbit, the most native food. Foxes respond best to the cries of a cottontail rabbit. For raccoons, a bird in trouble is most effective since coons feed pri- marily on small creatures. NEW FRONTIERS I've helped record several of these sounds, and there is nothing inhumane

it. a cotton- IN to For instance, we caught FARMING tail in a live trap. When the creature was picked up it shreaked piteously, just the right sound for fooling a preda- DEMAND tor. After these sounds were recorded the rabbit was released unharmed. TOTAL DISTRIBUTION But calling is more than just wan- dering aimlessly into the woods, switch- ing on the calling device, and broadcasting the distress cries. There are certain things to keep in mind. Total Distribution requires Most important, perhaps, is to look for telltale tracks and droppings along Total transportation. country roads and trails to ascertain Union Pacific whether or not predators actually are has the tracks present in the area you intend to call. and the connections Walk at least 100 yards from where you've parked your vehicle and look for to deliver your products a place where you can see a considerable distance—like on the edge of a to market... clearing. Conceal yourself (camouflage- any place in the world. colored clothing will definitely help). Any breeze should be blowing into your face rather than at your back as human scent is one danger signal no predator

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February-March, 1969 41 FREE for YOU

National Officers THESE materials are free! You can get a single copy of any or all of them by mailing the coupon below. Just circle the items you want and send your On Goodwill Tour complete address.

72—Bloat Guard—Pasture season will soon arrive and with it the bloat problem. What is legume bloat? What causes legume bloat? How can bloat be pre- vented? These are just some of the THE NATIONAL FFA officers began dustry, and organizations in Philadel- questions this 12-page booklet answers the annual Goodwill Tour on January phia, New York, St. Louis, Cleveland, for you. The development, use, and 26 in Richmond, Virginia. Following Akron, Detroit, Minneapolis, Milwau- economic benefits of 'Bloat Guard' are stops included 16 other major cities in kee, Chicago, Indianapolis, Kansas City, also described in this two-color booklet. 12 different states. The officers will Missouri; Wilmington, Delaware; Prince- (Smith Kline & French Laboratories) visit friends of the FFA in business, in- ton, New Jersey; and Racine, Wiscon- 73—Reynolds Irrigation Digest—The sin. The tour will end in Kansas City, articles in this booklet range from the Missouri, on March 1. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT. AND maintenance of irrigation equipment to CIRCULATION (Act ol October 23, 1962: Section The Goodwill Tour follows the meet- 4369, Title 39, United States Code) frost prevention with sprinkler systems. 1. Date of filing: September 26, 196S. ing of the national officers and the In addition, this 52-page booklet is 2. Title of publication: The National FUTURE National Board of Directors held Jan- FARMER. jammed with information all irrigation 3. Frequency of issue: Bimonthly. uary 11-25 in Washington, D.C. Busi- farmers can use, no matter what crops 4. Location of known office of publication: 5630 ness items facing the national organiza- Mt. Vernon Highway, Fairfax County, Alexandria, you grow. Care of grapes, tomatoes, Virginia 22309. tion were discussed. Orientation sessions 5. Location of the headquarters or general business strawberries, potatoes, and field crops offices of the publishers: c/o U.S. Office of Educa- at the National Center on The National tion, Washington, D.C. 20202. all receive adequate attention. (Reyn- FUTURE FARMER Magazine, Offi- 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, and olds Metals managing editor: Publisher. Future Farmers of Amer- Company) ica, c/o U.S. Office of Education. Washington, D.C. cial FFA Calendar, and Future Farmers 20202: Editor. Wilson W. Carnes, Alexandria, Vir- ginia 22309: Managing Editor, none. Supply Service preceded the meeting. 74—Trading In Tomorrows—This 24- 7. Owner: Future Farmers of America (a nonprofit After the Goodwill Tour national of- page leaflet explains the history, func- corporation) , c/o U.S. Office of Education, Washing- ton. D.C. 20202. ficers will attend state conventions, nations, and benefits of futures trading. 8. None. 9. The purpose, function, and nonprofit status of tional leadership conferences, and other Other helpful information found in this this organization and the exempt status for federal income lax purposes have not changed during preced- FFA functions. detailed leaflet includes trading ex- ing 12 months. The National amples, a list of commodities traded, 10. Extent and nature of circulation: Goodwill Tour program Average No. Single began in 1947. After skipping the several definitions, and membership Copies Each Issue 1948, Issue During Nearest To tours became an annual affair in 1949. regulations. You also will find several Last 12 Mo. Filing Date A. Total number copies The tours have done much to show helpful hints concerning hedging. (Chi- printed 471,063 470,000 B. Paid circulation industry the kind of young leaders cago Mercantile Exchange) 1. Sales through dealers and carriers, street being developed through the FFA and vendors, and counter 75—Price—Written especially for FFA sales None None serve as good public relations for FFA. 2. Mail subscriptions ....462.631 463,552 members, this 48-page manual tells Several state and some local chap- C. Total paid circulation . . . .462,631 463,552 how grain prices are determined and D. Free distribution by mail. ters have also held goodwill tours of carrier, or other means . . . 3,422 3,755 why grading is necessary. Charts are E. Total distribution 466,053 467.307 their own at the same time the national used to explain the effects of shrink- F. Office use, left-over, un- officers are on tour. It is a good time accounted, spoiled after age, moisture, and storage of grain. The printing _ 5.010 2.693 to thank your supporters of the FFA, G. Total 471.063 470,000 booklet further provides a lengthy dis- especially during National FFA WEEK, I certify that the statements made by me above are cussion on what you should know about correct and complete. February 15-22. V. STANLEY ALLEN, Business Manager the futures market and how you can

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Platte Valley Chapter in Colorado A Greenhand Degree initiation and Central High FFA of Marlow, Ok- holding 3rd annual registered hog sale. ceremony for 21 new members of lahoma, raffled 1/2 beef and made Expecting to sell 35 bred gilts, 5 boars, Clinton, Tennessee, Chapter. Event held $750. Top salesmen were Carol Steel, and 5 open gilts. in shop of new school! Billy Pierce, and Billy Smith. Chapter N-N-N N-N-N plans to spend money for a stock trailer. "Maryland's Frederick Douglass FFA Mike Ziegler, reporter of Mohawk, N-N-N sparrows, won first place for our float at home- Ohio. FFA tells us that 1,836 col- coming." That's all they wrote. 3 weasels, and 89 possums were n-n-n lected in chapter's pest hunt. Mt. Vernon, Ohio, FFA Chapter in- N-N-N Beverly Lucas, Crab Orchard, vited game warden, Mr. Gary Scott, to Miss Chapter's entry in speak on gun safety and hunting laws. Kentucky, FFA N-N-N county Burley tobacco beauty contest. Word from Presque Isle, Maine, re- N-N-N Four Denison, Iowa, members went porter Gary Drake: Businessmen con- to College of Agriculture career day. tributed to send FFA'ers to the East- N-N-N ern States Exhibition and National FFA U. S. Congressman Tom Foley spoke Council Grove, Convention. at the Twisp, Washington, FFA-FHA Kansas, Chapter spon- N-N-N banquet. sored sweetheart competition for their Hall. Chap- Lyman Connecticut, FFA district. Contestants were scored on three parts: ter's fair exhibit had animal milking a cow and driving a nail. Plus wildlife science, management and for- usual beauty, talent, personality, and estry, landscaping and flower arrang- poise. ing. N-N-N N-N-N How about sending in stories with Officers of Ezel, Kentucky, FFA some details and photos for possible spoke to grades 1-12 on "Opportunities use in other parts of your Magazine? in Agriculture and FFA." N-N-N N-N-N Starting to see some fantastic sales Dean Pike, Ainsworth, Nebraska. figures from slave auctions. Chapter was elected second vice president of sweetheart of Rapid City, South Da- Junior American Hereford Association. Sophomores of Tri-Valley, Ohio, kota, brought $130. N-N-N N-N-N Chapter toured local fertilizer plant. Hoye Thomas, Kelvin Dison, and Clinton Mortenson, Animas, New N-N-N David Hood took 1st place honors for Mexico, sold his state fair Powhattan, Kansas, Chapter sent 8 member Saline, Louisiana, in judging con- grand champion barrow for $3,348.25. FFA contestants to district public speaking test at field day. N-N-N breed contest. N-N-N Monroe City, Missouri. FFA honors N-N-N two members in livestock production; Algoma, Mississippi, FFA won $50 China, California, FFA had a float one with high weaning weight in swine, prize in county clean-up campaign. in local Christmas parade. N-N-N and one with high weaning weight in Chapter members at Columbus, Ind- cattle. iana, collected clothing for county N-N-N "The meeting was adjourned and we children's home for Christmas. N-N-N enjoyed a game of basketball after- Traders extraordinaire! Issaquah, wards in the gym." From report of Washington, FFA sold their used trac- Viborg, South Dakota, FFA. N-N-N tor for $900. Hope to get a new culti- Have received word of several chap- vator to go with their new tractor. ters invited president and advisor N-N-N who of a nearby chapter to attend their Bob Wanner, Pequea Valley FFA in banquet. Pennsylvania, won Gold Emblem in the N-N-N national livestock showmanship contest Chap- The Soroco Chapter of Oak Creek, New Rockford, North Dakota. at the National FFA Convention. ter secured three sponsors for 1969 Colorado, has a registered Colorado N-N-N FFA Calendars. brand for their livestock. It is letters Salute to Roy Patterson by members N-N-N FFA. Hope they don't try to use it any of his chapter. Livonia, New York, won Advisors of Flathead, Montana, place else! blue ribbons for their safety exhibit. showed pictures of what past chapter N-N-N They say Roy's cartoons helped win. members have accomplished. Ever notice all the special messages N-N-N N-N-N in local papers by business firms ex- David Fuller, Scott Miller, and Pat Keep those cards and letters coming. tending Holiday Greetings? Why not Adelman of Gervais, Oregon, FFA got Always better to have too much news, the same thing from an FFA chapter to test drive a "Hydrostatic" drive trac- too many notes, and plenty of non- to its community? tor at county fair. sense.

44 The National FUTURE FARMER Parliamentary Procedure

THERE'S A CYCLONE FOR ALMOST EVERY Reconsidering A Motion SPREADING&SEEDING JOB!

It's results that count ' For best results, use Cyclone PTO MrxJt-ls for spreading By Dr. Jarrell Cray pelleted fertilizers, granular pesticides,

seed (including brome) ; use Electric Models, with adjustable spread WOMEN ARE supposed to have the The purpose of requiring one to be on width, for granular pesticides, seed. etc. prerogative of changing their minds. In the prevailing side is to assure that Comprehensive rate chart included. 2 point hitch/3 chapter meetings FFA members have at least one member who had a share point mounting bracket r available for all models. See your Cy . such a prerogative, too, if they exercise in the decision has changed his mind. Dealer or Distributor— or write for infor- proper parliamentary procedure. When may the motion to reconsider mation. Insist on Cyclone Equipment! Reconsidering a vote is one way FFA be made? This motion must be offered THE CYCLONE SEEDER CO.. INC. members may change their minds. This on the day the vote was taken on the Dept.96-2.Urbana. Indiana 46990 parliamentary ability is for the purpose motion to be reconsidered or on the of permitting the chapter to reconsider next calendar day. A vote taken at a a vote previously taken on a motion weekly or monthly meeting, as is the and to again consider the question. situation in most FFA meetings, can- Who, then, may offer a motion to not be reconsidered at the next weekly reconsider? This can be done only by or monthly meeting. Such a rule lends a member who voted on the prevailing stability to actions of the chapter and side, or winning side, unless the vote allows it to proceed with work which was by ballot. A vote is usually taken has been authorized by a vote of the by ballot for the purpose of assuring FFA members. secrecy; therefore, a member need not The motion to reconsider requires reveal his vote in offering a motion to a second and is unamendable. It is, reconsider when the vote is taken by however, debatable if the question to ballot. be reconsidered is debatable. A majority Sometimes a member will change his vote is required. vote to the prevailing side if he sees When a vote is reconsidered, the his side is losing so he will be in a original motion is before the chapter position to offer a motion to reconsider. as though it had not been voted upon. In an FFA meeting, the following situation might arise. After a main At the first sign of trouble motion had been voted upon, a mem- reach for ber who voted on the prevailing side might decide he wanted to reconsider the motion. He would obtain the floor, ABSORBINE and may want to give his reasons for wanting to reconsider the motion, then Trouble Areas: state. "I move to reconsider the vote Saddle sores on the motion that .... I voted on the prevailing side." China Grove, North Carolina After this is seconded, the president would then state, "It has been moved H Stiffness Q. When is the motion to adjourn in and seconded that we reconsider order, or not in order? the vote on the question that .... This Richard C. Hampton, Sr. ' Spavin / A. In chapters, the motion to motion is debatable (if the motion is FFA Strained f debatable), unamendable, and requires a lendons H adjourn (when unqualified) is al- B Sort shin i Ringbone Mi majority vote. It is now open for dis- ways a privileged motion. As such, Lwindgall cussion." ^k. Thrush it takes precedence of all others, except the privileged motion to fix Following the discussion, if any, over 70 years, Absorbine has the time of adjourning. A motion the president would then state, "Are For proved effective in relief of bog to adjourn cannot be made while you ready for the question? Those spavin, windgall, ringbone, sores and the chapter is voting or verifying the supporting the motion to reconsider the bruises. vote on the question that . . . say aye. vote unless the vote is by ballot. Absorbine can be applied right on Those opposed say no. The ayes (noes) strained tendons and other trouble have it, and the motion will (will not) Do you have a question on parliamen- areas to reduce lameness -^ tary procedure? If so, you can get a be reconsidered. (If carried) The motion

." ,-. direct . . reply from Dr. Gray, and your now before the chapter is . (The starts drawing out soreness. :w question may be selected for use in this motion is disposed of in the usual Never causes loss of hair or >gg^l column. manner.) blistering, either. Answers are based upon "Parliamen- to Yes, there are times when a group There's no better way tary Guide for FFA" by Dr. Jarrell D. keep horses in top condi- may want to change its mind. The ' Gray. For direct replies, send your question. Buy Absorbine at drug- parliamentary ability of reconsidering ^M tion to Parliamentary Procedure, The gists or wherever veterinary ' that National FUTURE FARMER, Box provides a means of doing this products are sold. 15130, Alexandria, Virginia 22309. En- is effective and time-saving if mem- W.F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass. close a self-addressed, stamped envelope. bers know when and how to use it. Available in Canada

February-March, 1969 45 Raise Registered LIVESTOCK

SUFFOLK SHEEP

Produce big, rugged, fait gaining Iambi. Suf folks' moderate sized, wool-free head assures easy lambing. Write today for breeder's list and complete GUIDES information to start your Suffolk ftock. NATIONAL SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION Box 324 F, Columbia, Mo. 6S201 TO % HAMPSHIRES.. Top Quality Carcasses Early Maturing

>Wrile for free list of Breeders The American Hampshire Sheep Assn. Stuart, Iowa

CHEVIOTS have what it takes: • To survive lambing hazards; " To develop desirable carcass weights on milk and grass alone; • To impart these qualities to less fortunate breeds through crossing. Write today for interesting free booklet American Cheviot Sheep Society Box 18, Lafayette Hill, Pa. 19444

DAY you can read about common causes were speeding, reckless More Profits with EVERY drivers who stepped on the ac- driving, violation of rules, and failure K Market Topping celerator instead of the brake, to yield right-of-way—all human fail- ^HAMPSHIRES plowing ahead into pedestrians, playing ure. children, or another car. Or drivers who You can't be a safe driver unless you >/Good Mothers stepped on the brake, but kept on go- have a safe car. This means that your ,. c.t v^ Thrifty of quality ' more pounds jr I ing. Or drivers who lost control of car should have passed your state's auto ~d ™... p^ i,„„. fJ. y/ Economical low tht lc«d«(hip of Ihe . - - > J a their cars. They didn't mean to do it, inspection and have safe brakes, steer- ic.dinB »™m ,.i h„ e -v/More Red Meat producers who use but it happened. ing gear, lights, signals, and tires. If nampshirci more than SPECIAL any other breed. Hampshires wrap The driver gets hurt, his family or your state doesn't have a compulsory up to a high degree the essentials Send S2.00 or ne ^.ofitable " og produc- year subsc ipt friends get hurt, the other fellow gets inspection law, take your car to any . They are to H a m p sh Ti- ;ding progr . Write for rr Herdsman, br ed hurt. And someone has to pay. So dealer or garage. Many offer inspec- t this breed magazine. h«. ep informed or isn't it worth a little time to learn how tions free as a public service. HAMPSHIRE hog produ Ctl SWINE REGISTRY selection, a id to avoid all this? Pre-driving check: Each time you use provement 1143 Main St., Peoria, III- 61606 According to the National Safety your car, even on a trip to school, How fo make big money Council, more than fifty-three thou- check these important points before you sand persons were killed on the high- start out:

ways in the United States in 1967. And 1. Walk around the car and inspect RAISE HAMSTERS almost two million more suffered in- the tires visually. AND OTHER SMALL ANIMALS juries on the highways. They contend 2. Turn on the lights and walk S500-S800 MONTHLY. Raise small laboratory- that four out of five of the deaths around the car again. breeding stock for us. We supply equipment, breeders, instructions. Illinois Research Farms could have been avoided. The most 3. Inside the car, test the foot brake. Dept FN-2, 2711 Justen. -McHenry.mmIllinois 60050. monev. Know how to hrcak and train horses and ponies. Send name and zip-code for this free ntmklet with special offer of a course In Animal Breedinc. If vou are lnter- Gnitlnc and Rldlnir the saddle horse en ecu i ). Do It today! Write to BEERY School of HORSEMANSHIP 2022, Pleasant Hill, Ohio 45359. MINI-BIKE PLANS! BUILD COMPLETE FRAME FOR LESS THAN $10!

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If it goes all the way to the floor, it the other guy to collide with you." This Make *71 to *1050 needs checking. describes defensive driving, otherwise 4. Fasten your seatbelt before you known as anticipatory driving. Now this Promote Your

turn on the ignition and keep it fasten- doesn't mean to drive scared to death. ed whenever your car is in motion. It means that you think ahead what School -Town* Group

5. Start the engine and check the in- you would do ;'/ the fellow in the other

struments. Is the battery discharging? lane swerves toward you, or ;'/ the Enough gas? Later on, check oil pres- neighbor backs his tractor onto the high-

sure and temperature. Never start the way right in front of your car, or if a car with the garage doors closed. Never child suddenly chases a ball into the keep the engine running inside the gar- street.

age. Always leave one car window par- What about hitchhikers? Make it a tially open, even in winter. rule never to pick up strangers. If it's You're rolling: Okay, your car passed someone you know well enough to be the flight check, and you're fastened sure he won't hit you over the head, in. Now you can back out. But wait! pick him up. Otherwise, ask yourself.

Is your little brother playing in the "What do I have to gain?" The answer driveway? Better look first. Then back is "Not a thing, but plenty to lose!" For states not Small size fastens to (ront using (ront plate plate in states using 2 plates out slowly, watching for cars, bicycles, Roadside repairs: If you have car and people. trouble, pull all the way off onto the Use double signals, especially in the shoulder. Get out on the passenger's License Plates daytime when your brake lights and side. Raise your hood. If you stall in turn signals aren't easily seen. It's much traffic and can't get off the road, rais- Designed for You better to be doubly sure you ing your hood will prevent collisions when It works! Over 1500 groups throughout the make a turn by putting on your turn (and oftentimes get you a push to a country used this fund raiser successfully in signal and also using a hand signal. service station). the last 12 months. Every car owner in your area is a prospect. If the driver behind you is a daydream- Turnpike technique: Superhighways YOUR WORDING & EMBLEM embossed on er, it might wake him up. demand a technique of driving. new heavy gauge steel in choice of 7 brilliant baked Don't play "rushin' roulette"! About There are few, if any, billboards to enamel colors. Fits any car. Official 6 x 12" two out of every five auto deaths are read. Roads are straighter, wider, eas- size or 4 x 12" with special metal fastener caused by exceeding the speed limit. ier to drive, and appear to require less 100%-300°'i PROFIT! For example: order 100 Pistes (S 79c each, sell at $1.50. earn $71. Order Can you imagine deliberately driving concentration. That's the danger! High- 1000 @ 45c each, sell at $1.50. earn $1050. your car off the roof of a ten-story way hypnosis sets in. The next thing NOTHING DOWN! We bill in 30-45 days after shipment, allowing you ample time to sell. building and riding it to the street be- you know, you've been lulled to sleep. low? Yet, if you crash into another The only precaution is complete con- Write today for details on this proved way to raise money, v. e'll send car while traveling sixty miles an hour, centration and frequent rest stops. FREE sample plate, factory price the results will be the same. Always Don't sit in the same position. Talk, list and full-color illustrated folder. obey the posted speed limits. But don't keep your eyes moving, vary speed. think these signs always indicate Stop to stretch relax. hyp- ° B safe and Highway QUALITY PRODUCTS, INC. °* £ mb L ^Jg* speeds. You alone must decide when nosis is sort of a trance, and the way Please send information (no obligation 1 the safe speed is less than the posted to avoid it is plenty of fidgeting and speed, depending on conditions. squirming. If you're alone, pull off the NAME_ Defensive driving: A test driver for road every now and then. Take a nap Street Address—

an automobile manufacturer once told if you must. If you're driving with City _St3te_ me, "Always drive as if you expected (Continued on Page 49)

February-March, 1969 47 Quite a crowd gathered 'round to watch and listen during the rooster crowing contest sponsored by Minnesota State FFA.

fWtis PURPOSES ff PROJtCT 10

Raiicd anjrclcaserf .. as< supply of birds pheasants and Develop interesl MO.iUndknJiluclis wildlife consen

anA &«1t and erected L- arfl *0 Tar.e 05 proteH w.ldlrft "»d duck n«sK W^k together M«Y for greater natural tTSOUr

Dennis Howard, Mulhall, Oklahoma, with his grand champion lamb named Modern at the International.

— Here's just one of the outstanding ways FFA was Some motto "FFA is for the Birds." But it won -first place recognized during National FFA WEEK in Florida. at the Minnesota State Fair exhibit contest for Wadena FFA.

Garry Glass, of Jessamine County, Kentucky, showed how easy

it is to operate a fork lift handling frames full of tobacco.

f* DURING .

though less people drive at night, over GUIDES TO half of all traffic deaths occur during the hours of darkness. So be extra cau- SAFE DRIVING tious at night. TEMPLE Page (Continued from 47) 10 VITAL DO'S AND DON'TS UNIVERSITY

1 Don't be a showhoater. That feel- others, change drivers every hour or so. AMBLER ing of power behind the wheel could Keep the radio on a station with a quickly be canceled by a serious acci- CAMPUS program you don't like. It'll keep you dent. awake and irritated. Department of Horticulture Don't crowd the car ahead, and be 2. Don't overload your car. Too wary of the one behind. Be careful, many riders could mean not enough Associate in Science too, of "velocitization" (the loss of your concentration or visibility, too much Degrees Offered in sense of speed when on a super-high- horseplay. Landscape Design way). It may cause you to exit the 3. Don't tailgate the car ahead. Keep and Horticulture highway going too fast. Always check at least one car length behind for each your speedometer. Writ* for Catalog A: 10 mph. Triple your distance in rain, Department of Horticulture Driving under difficult conditions: If snow, and darkness. Temple University Ambler Campui you must drive in snow or ice, be sure Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002 4. Always warn passengers before is operating, that that your defroster you shut car doors. your windshield wipers have good 5. Always know what gear you're blades, that you either have snow tires Be An Auctioneer or chains. If you skid, turn your steer- in. After backing up to clear a cross- I wo week term and home study. it back into forward drive ing wheel toward the skid. If your rear walk, put Nationally recognized. G.I. approved end swings to the left, turn your wheel to avoid mistakes. FREE CATALOG! slowly to the left. But keep your foot 7. Never drive with an object ex- Missouri Auction School off the brake! This will straighten your tending out the side of your car. And 424 6 Nichols Road. Kansas City. Mo. 64112 car. Then ease on the brake and come fasten a bright rag to anything protrud- to a stop. If your rear end swings to ing out the rear! LIKE SWEET ONIONS? the right, put your steering wheel to BLUE RIBBON ASSORTMENT AS- the right. It's that simple. 7. Use your headlights in snow, rain, NEW 600 with free If you must change a tire on a snowy fog, and twilight. SORTED SWEET ONION PLANTS planting guide postpaid fresh from road, be sure the jack is on firm $3.60 8. Never drive when you're emotion- Texas Onion Plant Company, "home of the ground so it won't slip when your car ally upset. sweet onion," Farmersville, Texas 75031. is in the air. 9. Never drive an uninsured car. Rainstorms require similar precau- It's the quickest way to mortgage your tions. And you need good tire treads. future, or that of your parents. Driving with "baldies" in wet weather Shelton is really asking for it! 10. When in doubt, slow down and Night doubles traffic troubles! Al- play it safe! Towers HOTEL

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Change of Address

If you are moving, please let us know promptly so you will continue to receive your magazine without interruption. Mail your new address along with the address label from your last issue. To Subscribe Mail your name and address with your payment. Enclose $2.00 for three years; 75 cents for one year. If you are renew- ing your subscription, also send an address label from your last magazine. Mail To: The National FUTURE FARMER "Whew, finally got those wasps, sir!" Box 15130 February-March, 1969 49 Alexandria, Virginia 22309 —

ABOUT

A salesman parked his small foreign sports car outside the village store. When he came out of the store, a farmer was looking over the car. "Well, what do you think of it?" asked the salesman. Teacher: "Dan, where is your pencil?" "Picked it before it was ripe didn't you?" commented the farmer. Dan: "I ain't got one." Larry Richmond Teacher: "Dan, I don't have a pencil. Qttinwood, West Virginia She doesn't have a pencil. We don't have any pencils." happened to all the pen- Ag. instructor: "How is your breed- Dan: "What ing experiment coining along. George?" cils?" Bill Keister George: "Well sir, I crossed a boa constrictor with a Volkswagen." Carey, Ohio Instructor: "What did you get?" Restaurant owner to waitress: "Each George: "/ don't know, but it sure "It probably looks like I'm tracking in week you break more dishes than your is hard to find parts for it." mud, but actually it's manure." Donald Gage salary amounts to. What do you think Nevada. Texas City visitor: "Is the water on this I ought to do about that?" farm healthy?" Waitress (shrugging): "/ don't know Farmer: "Sure. We use only well wa- unless you raise my salary." Minnesota farmer: "It gets so cold ter." Mike Black here in the winter that we have to put Jim Hill Oxford, Mississippi heaters under the cows to milk them." Stanberry, Missouri Unimpressed Texas farmei "That's One boy said to another, "/ took mv nothing. It gets so hot back home that Two gamblers were playing poker, girl friend to an amusement park where we have to feed the hens ice so they when one suddenly yelled, "Four aces! we went through the tunnel of love." won't lay hard-boiled eggs." What got?" happened?" asked his friend. Thomas LaMance have you "What "Wait a minute," replied the second "1 don't know," said the boy. "We Auburn, California calmly. "I've got one ace and a 45." couldn't get seats together!" Bill Turner Wilfred Beaver The agriculture school dean was in- Vienna, Georgia St. Anne. Illinois terviewing a freshman and asked, "Why have you chosen this career?" making a million dollars "I dream of Charlie, the Greenhand in farming like my father," replied the freshman. The dean was impressed. "Your father made a million in farming?" "No," replied the student, "but he has always dreamed of it!" Nick Schortgen Fort Wayne, Indiana

One nice thing about sports cars if you flood the carburetor you can just put the car over your shoulder and

burp it! William Renno Stillwater, Pennsylvania

A preacher on his way to visit a native jungle tribe noticed that he was being chased by a lion. When he realized he couldn't outrun the lion, he fell to his knees and began to pray. After a few moments he looked up and saw the lion was praying too. "/ didn't know lions prayed," said the preacher. "You're pru; ing," replied the lion, "' ''*< "I'm saying grace." -f-J.AVP James Crowder "Do you think that's laying it on too thick?" Clermont. Florida

The National Future Farmer will pay SI. 00 for each joke selected for publication on this page. Jokes must be submitted on post cards addressed to The National Future Farmer. Alexandria, Virginia 22306. In case 50 of duplication, payment will be made for the first one received. Contributions cannot be acknowledged or returned. HiffllB

STYLE 246-X-3

Treebark Kangaroo

with chocolate Alli-

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STYLE 83-T-4

Chocolate, Alligator Lizard with chocolate Saddle Bronc Kid top. Shawn Davis, World Champion

All sports fans join in saluting Glen Franklin and Shawn Davis, two of Rodeo's 1968 World Champions. They were the top money winners in their respective events and set the pace all year. Americans everywhere can be proud of these two young Champions who act and speak so well for Rodeo, America's own sport. They always look sharp in Tony Lama boots, the boot brand

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(•# he best things in farm life are free. louder and your family's a little Or something thoughtfi J. But only if you can find time to enjoy closer. Perhaps the way we mai them. our combine controls f Maybe this good feeling comes cylinder speed, reel spei That's where New Holland comes in. We from something big. Our height i won't promise miracles, mind you. But Haybine" mower-conditioner, and header standard equipment we will promise you this: machines that for example. We were first work hard, that last long, that are as trou- with this time-saving idea But these are just e ble-free as we know how to make them. and could hardly keep up amples. Anyone wl The result: with your orders in the begin- owns one of the i ning! (They're still pouring kinds of Hollai peace of mind. New in!) can supp Suddenly the machines you with lots more. sun seems a Or something small... such as the

little brighter swinging chain we attach to the They all go to prove one thing : Practice and the birds auger in our Grinder-Mixer to keep in design, dependable in action is a pron sing a little the feed flowing without "bridging." ise we mean to keep.

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