From aeronautics to astronomy, from cartography to geography, from medicine to natural sciences: meet ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE MEDICAL SCIENCES CARTOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY ASTRONOMY the places and institutions that marked the history of science in and in the world. Other titles: 1 2/3/4 6/7/8 14/15 10 10 1 Wandering the Streets Guide 3 Is it possible to explain the beauty of Lisbon? Perhaps not the beauty, but all the rest you can. 2 Biodiversity in the City Century-old trees, dragonflies, owls and bats. A look at the biodiversity of Lisbon. 4 Tastes of the City IN LISBON, Academia das Ciências de Lisboa X- ray made by Egas Moniz Academy reception hall © Miguel Telles Antunes Wind rose, Belém Roberto Ivens © Sociedade de Geografia Lisboa Detail of tiles in the Aula da Esfera © Sandra Tacão Discover the physics and chemistry behind the pastéis Engraving of the Aqueduct, 1750 © Biblioteca Nacional de Belém or the traditional ginjinha. 5 Rocks and hills DISCOVERING How were the hills and valleys of Lisbon formed? UNIFYING INGENIOUS WORKS TROPICS AND THE CHARTS OF EXPEDITIONS THE CLASS OF SCIENCE AND Pavilion of Knowledge-Ciência Viva KNOWLEDGE In 1373 King D. Fernando built a NEUROSCIENCES THE DISCOVERIES IN AFRICA THE SPHERE Situated in the Parque das Nações in Lisbon, the gigantic new city wall in Lisbon, Pavilion of Knowledge Ciência Viva is the largest TECHNOLOGY interactive science and technology centre in . The notion that the scientific universe with 5.3 km in length and 77 defence If you have travelled to distant The Portuguese navigators ventured The Sociedade de Geografia de The Discoveries contributed to the Major thematic exhibitions and hundreds of is a single, all-encompassing entity countries, you have probably visited Lisboa was founded in 1875. With the interactive exhibits encourage visitors of all ages towers, which became one of the city’s gradually on the high seas due to the development of astronomy in Portugal. to explore and experiment the physical world. emerged in Portugal in the second half engineering landmarks. In the 18th a travel clinic. This is the most visible astronomical navigation techniques. In purpose of drawing public attention This contribution mainly involved the PLACES OF Physics, mathematics, technology and other areas th of knowledge are spread over an area of 11,000 m2. of the 18 century with the foundation century, the 58-kilometre Aqueduct face of the Instituto de Higiene e Lisbon, cartographers at that time to the issues of Ultramar, the Society creation of centres of knowledge Science and the thrill of discovery are brought of the Real Academia das Ciências of Águas Livres was built, whose Medicina Tropical. The institute, produced nautical charts with latitude promoted the first scientific and dedicated to the instruction of seafarers. together under the same roof. Workshops, seminars, KNOWLEDGE scientific laboratories and other activities make de Lisboa. For the first time ever, the masonry arch over the Alcântara which dates back to 1902, has been scales, including the first world geographical expeditions in Africa. In 1574, the king asked the Jesuits to this place a house of science for everyone. Academy brought together scientists valley is the largest in the world. Later a world pioneer in the teaching and navigation chart developed by Pedro Under its auspices, famous explorers establish the Aula da Esfera (class of Timetable: Tuesday to Friday (10h-18h), Weekends and Public Hollidays (11h-19h) of various disciplines in a collective on, Lisbon was rebuilt after the 1755 research of tropical diseases, and it Reinel (1504). These cartographers such as Serpa Pinto, Brito Capelo the sphere) in the Colégio de Santo Underground and Train (CP): Oriente Bus: 28 approach to science in order to earthquake. The buildings in the is still outstanding in this field today. also produced some of the earliest and Roberto Ivens crossed the region Antão, now the Hospital de São José, Coordination José Sarmento Matos promote the nation’s scientific and Baixa Pombalina were a milestone But Lisbon has also contributed to planispheres. Portuguese nautical between Angola and Mozambique. where the cosmography of the period cultural development. The Academy in seismic engineering, since their other branches of medicine: visit the charts were much sought after in These explorers prepared maps, was taught. The Aula da Esfera became published memoirs dedicated to various masonry walls have a three-dimensional Museu Egas Moniz at Faculdade Europe. A famous example was the took photographs and collected a centre of knowledge in Lisbon for scientific fields, in particular the new timber structure – known as the de Medicina de Lisboa and see the Cantino planisphere, which was drawn scientific data that contributed to the latest scientific discoveries in science of economics (through the ‘gaiola pombalina’ (Pombaline cage) – instruments used by the Portuguese up in 1502 by a Lisbon cartographer deepen the knowledge about the Europe. You can still visit the former ‘Economic Memoirs of the Academy’). which absorbs the movements caused Nobel Prize laureate in his first and clandestinely sold to the spy African continent. The Society classroom (now the hospital’s illustration João Fazenda If you wish to visit the Academy of by earthquakes. All over the city cerebral angiography and prefrontal Alberto Cantino who took it to Italy. maintains a vast ethnographic reception hall), which is Sciences you should make your way you can find examples – such as the leucotomy. At the Centro para Some of the most valuable charts from collection which is worth knowing. decorated with azulejo to the magnificent Convento de Jesus. Pala Siza Vieira (Portugal Pavilion) o Desconhecido da Fundação this period can be seen in Torre do 10 Metro Restauradores tiles alluding to 1 Tram 28. Underground Rato, Baixa- in Parque das Nações – which reveal Champalimaud there are guided Tombo and in the Biblioteca this subject. design silva!designers that the charm of Portuguese visits where you can learn about state- Nacional. 10 Underground architecture and engineering is -of-the-art research in the area of 14 TT | Underground Cidade Universitária Martim Moniz alive and well. neurosciences and oncology. 15 BN | Underground Entrecampos Bus 767, 790 2 Aqueduct of Águas Livres | Bus 702 6 IHMT | Tram 15. Bus 714, 727 3 Baixa Pombalina (downtown) | Underground 7 MEM | Underground Cidade Universitária Baixa-Chiado 8 FC | Bus 98 4 Parque das Nações | Underground Oriente BOTANY NAVAL ARCHITECTURE CHEMISTRY ARCHAEOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY AERONAUTICS PALAEONTOLOGY IN LISBON, DISCOVERING PLACES OF 19/20 13 18 11/12 16/17 9 5 SCIENCE AND 21/22 TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE

Many people have inhabited Lisbon and left their culture and knowledge Tropical Botanical Garden © Tropical Botanical Garden Laboratório Chimico © Paulo Cintra, Archives, MCUL Museu do Teatro Romano © Museu da Cidade (City Museum) King D. Carlos © Aquário Vasco da Gama Engraving depicting the ‘passarola’ © Biblioteca Nacional Cranium of a crocodile that lived in Chelas © Museu da Marinha Model of a lateen caravel as a legacy to the city. In the 16th and 17th centuries the harbour of Belém was the point of departure for the THE BOTANICAL THE RIBEIRA THE CHEMISTRY THE CIVILISATIONS THE OCEANOGRAPHIC THE ‘BIG BIRD’ CROCODILES caravels which discovered new worlds. While the desire to fly has always been These voyages of discovery led to GARDENS SHIPYARD LABORATORY OF LISBON KING IN LISBON a human aspiration, one of the first developments in many scientific fields, Peppers, maize and potatoes are some th The Laboratório Chimico was The ancient occupation of Lisbon For many Lisbon residents the Aquário attempts made by humans was in such as navigation, astronomy, In the 15 century, the caravel, using the 15 million years ago Lisbon had a hot, of the species from the New World that established in the Escola Politécnica has left archaeological remains all Vasco da Gama represents their first Lisbon. In 1709, inspired by his faith cartography, geography, medicine lateen sail, became the appropriate ship humid climate and was inhabited by came to Lisbon through the hands of the de Lisboa in 1844. At the time, the around the city. One of the first contact with the aquatic world. The and some knowledge of aerostatics, and natural sciences, which had a for sailing the Atlantic facing its winds. a variety of large vertebrates. Marvila Portuguese Discoverers. The propagula laboratory was one of the centres archaeological projects, following aquarium is also a notable museum and Father Bartolomeu Gusmão built a profound influence on the European It was from Lisbon that the caravels set and Chelas were the territory of and seeds were brought to the capital of scientific progress in Europe. the 1755 earthquake, revealed the its foundation in 1898 was a reflection flying machine. Despite reports of scientific mentality. Lisbon was also forth to discover the new world. Lisbon mastodons and sabre-tooth tigers, because of their agricultural and Generations of future chemists, Roman Theatre. More recently, of the enthusiasm for oceanography in the priest flying over Lisbon in this the birthplace of the Universidade was also home of the Arsenal da Ribeira and giant crocodiles lived in what is therapeutic importance and, from there, pharmacists, doctors and even deep underground construction Portugal. Part of the museum houses machine, which was known as the Portuguesa (Portuguese University), das Naus, one of the largest naval now Chelas. Lisbon’s prehistory was circulated around the world. Botanical engineers studied there. After 150 works have revealed archaeological the collections that King D. Carlos I, ‘passarola’ (‘big bird’), there are no of which the Escadinhas da Escola de shipyards in Europe, which features in revealed by excavations, and much gardens dedicated to studying exotic years the laboratory closed down in structures from other periods, such its founder and a keen oceanographer, records of this event. What is proven Estudos Gerais (steps of the School of many of the depictions of the city from of this legacy can now be found in species and supplying pharmacies with th 1999, but reopened in May 2011 with as the Rua dos Correeiros site. accumulated during his 12 oceanographic is that in the same year, in the presence General Studies) remain as evidence. the 16 century onwards. The Ribeira the Museu Geológico. The museum, medicinal plants began to appear in its original design and currently Here you can see successive building surveys (1896-1907) of the Portuguese of the Portuguese Crown, Bartolomeu Today, Lisbon continues to be a centre das Naus was where the caravels and founded in 1857 as the Geological Europe in 1543. The 18th century in displays its vast collection of scientific works in the town dating from the coastline and the Azores. The king raised a prototype of the air balloon of learning. It is also a city that seeks other ships were built, including naus, Commission of the Kingdom, was a Lisbon saw the creation of the Jardins instruments and equipment. It is 5th century BC Phoenician occupation studied marine resources, currents and several metres off the ground. a better knowledge of itself. Did you galleons and hookers. To find out more pioneer in geological and archaeological Botânicos da and the Marquês well worth visiting one of the last to the Pombaline period. The Museu the topography of the ocean’s depths. Bartolomeu’s achievement has never know that by inventing olisipography, about the development of Portuguese studies in Portugal and contains de Angeja gardens, the latter of which examples of a 19th century European da Cidade is now responsible for The Oceanário de Lisboa also plays been recognised, even though it Lisbon became the only city in the naval architecture, visit the Museu important collections of palaeontology, is now the site of the Museu Nacional teaching and research laboratory. over 150 archaeological projects in a key role in research and awareness occurred 74 years before the world with a science entirely devoted da Marinha. geology and prehistoric archaeology. do Traje. In the mid-19th century the 13 Tram 15. Bus 714, 727, 28, 729, 751, 201 18 Underground Rato. Bus 758, 773, 790 the capital. raising for the sustainable development Montgolfier brothers’ balloon. to itself? It is well worth a visit. 11 Museu do Teatro Romano | Bus 737. Tram 28 5 Jardim Botânico da Escola Politécnica RUA DA ESCOLA POLITÉCNICA of the oceans. Better luck had the navy officers Gago Tram 28. Underground Rato, Baixa-Chiado RUA DE SÃO LÁZARO and the Jardim Botânico Tropical were 21 12 Rua dos Correeiros | Underground Rato, 16 Aquário Vasco da Gama | Bus 76 Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral, who 18 For more information about science opened. All these gardens allowed the Baixa-Chiado 17 Oceanário de Lisboa | Bus 28, 400 made the first air crossing of the 7 MUSEU DO TRAJE 10 Underground Oriente open-air acclimatisation of tropical RUA DE SÃO BENTO South Atlantic in 1922, from Portugal and technology in Lisbon, visit 20 RUA DOM PEDRO V species which makes them almost CAMPO GRANDE to Brazil. See a replica of the aircraft www.pavconhecimento.pt MARTIM RUA DA PALMA unique in Europe. RESTAURADORES MONIZ that made this crossing in Belém. 14 19 19 JB Ajuda | Tram 18 RUA EDUARDO COELHO 9 Tram 25. Bus 28 RUA INTERIOR AVENIDA DO BRASIL PARQUE DAS NAÇÕES 1 20 Museu do Traje | Underground CAMPO GRANDE CALÇADA DA OCEANÁRIO 5 16 17 4 21 JB Politécnica | Underground Rato RUA O SÉCULO CIDADE UNIVERSITÁRIA AVENIDA DA IGREJA 22 15

JB Tropical | Tram 15 RUA DOM CARLOS I AQUEDUTO DAS RUA DA CRUZDOS POIAIS ÁGUAS LIVRES CALÇADA DO COMBRO

RUA DA MADALENA AVENIDA DA RÉPUBLICA RUA DOS FANQUEIROS 2 RUA ÁUREA 12

RUA DOS JERÓNIMOS 3 RUA DA PRATA

RUA AUGUSTA RUA DA BOAVISTA RIO TEJO CALÇADA DA BOA HORA RUA DE SÃO PAULO CASA DOS BICOS

CALÇADA DO GALVÃO RUA DO GIASTAL 11 RUA PRIMEIRO DE MAIO AVENIDA 24 JULHO 22 RUA DE BELÉM 6 AVENIDA 24 JULHO PRAÇA DO AVENIDA DA ÍNDIA RUA DO ARSENAL COMÉRCIO

CALÇADA DA AJUDA AVENIDA DA PONTE AVENIDA INFANTE D. HENRIQUE CAIS DO SODRÉ AVENIDA DA RIBEIRA DAS NAUS PRAÇA RUA VIEIRA 9 13 PORTUENSE DO IMPÉRIO RUA DA JUNQUEIRA RUA DA JUNQUEIRA

8 AVENIDA DA ÍNDIA AVENIDA DA ÍNDIA PONTE 25 DE ABRIL