10596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973

96. Also, petition of the Congress of Mi­ 105. Also, petition of Jerry Stoner, Wabash 114. Also, petition of H. K. St. John, North­ cronesia, Trust Territory of the Paclflc Is­ Fraternal Order of Police, Wabash, Ind., and field, Ohio, and others, relative to protection lands, relative to the island o~ Roi-Namur; others, reLative to protection for law-enforce­ for law enforcement officers against nuisance to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ment officers against nuisance suits; to the suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 97. Also, petition of the Congress of Mi­ Committee on the Judiciary. 115. Also, petition of Bill Moon and others, cronesia, Trust Territory of the Pacific Is­ 106. Also, petition of Ira C. Austin, Sr., and Pryor, Okla., relative to protection for law lands, relative to the future political status others, New Orleans, La., relative to protec­ enforcement officers against nuisance suits; of Micronesia; to the Committee on Interior tion for law-enforcement officers against to the Committee on the Judiciary. and Insular Affairs. nuisance suits; to the Committee on the 116. Also, petition of David Rogers, Easton, 98. Also, petition of Ronald E. Huffstutler Judiciary. Pa., and others, relative to protection for law and others, Oneonta, Ala., relative to pro­ 107. Also, petition of R. E. Humphress and enforcement officers against nuisance suits; tection for law-enforcement officers against others, Berlin, Md., relative to protection for to the Commitee on the Judiciary. nuisance suits; to the Committee on the law-enforcement officers against nuisance 117. Also, petition of David K. Ca.lctwell Judiciary. suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and others, Latrobe, Pa., relative to protec­ 99. Also, petition of Ronald Hasley and 108. Also, petition of Jack K. Richard, Ber­ tion for law enforcement officers against others, Hollywood, Fla., relative to protec­ lin, Md., and others relative to protection for nuisance suits; to the Committee on the tion for law-enforcement officers against law-enforcement officers against nuisance Judiciary. nuisance suits; to the Committee on the suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 118. Also, petition of Jesse L. Wearer and Judiciary. 109. Also, petition of A. J. Aranca, Jr., others, Shamokin, Pa., relative to protection 100. Also, petition of John R. Leach and Bloomfield, N.J., and others, relative to pro­ for law enforcement officers against nuisance others, Pembroke Pines, Fla., relative to pro­ tection for law enforcement officers against suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tection for law-enforcement officers against nusiance suits; to the Committee on the 119. Also, petition of Gary P. Lenzi, Sharon, nuisance suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Pa., and others, relative to protection for law Judiciary. 110. Also, petition of Vincent Raymond, enforcement officers against nuisance suits; 101. Also, petition of William Fearherley, Garfield Heights, N.J., and others, relative to to the Committee on the Judiciary. Addison, lll., and others, relative to protec­ protection for law enforcement officers 120. Also, petition of R. W. Spradling, tion for law-enforcement officers against against nuisance suits; to the Committee on Charleston, W. Va., and others, relative nuisance suits; to the Committee on the the Judiciary. to protection for law enforcement officers Judiciary. 111. Also petition of Carl Wiece, Euclid, against nuisance suits; to the Committee on 102. Also, petition of Mareen A. Lunt and Ohio, and others, relative to protection for the Judiciary. others, Berkeley, Ill., relative to protection law enforcement officers against nuisance 121. Also, petition of Raymond Fraid, !or law-enforcement officers against nuisance suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Kenosha, Wis., relative to protection for law suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 112. Also, petition of Roger Whiting, Hills­ enforcement officers against nuisance suits; 103. Also, petition of David J. Petgen and boro, Ohio, and others, relative to protection to the Committee on the Judiciary. others, Goshen, Ind., relative to protection for law enforcement officers against nuisance 122. Also, petition of the common council, for law-enforcement officers against nuisance suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Sturgeon Bay, Wis., relative to the Economic suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Development Administration and the Upper 113. Also, petition of Leland F. Matuszak, 104. Also, petition of Henry Miller and Great Lakes Regional Commission; to the others, Michigan City, Ind., relative to pro­ Lorain Fraternal Order of Police, Lorain, Committee on Public Works. tection for law-enforcement officers against ·Ohio, and others, relative to protection for 123. Also, petition of the city council, nuisance suits; to the Committee on the law enforcement officers against nuisance Holland, Mich., relative to revenue sharing; Judiciary. suits; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE HANDICAPPED AT WORK: States to put a man on the moon, and landings have occurred. What seemed im· TOMORROW'S CHALLENGE wonders why-if we can overcome those possible yesterday is now within reach 1n the barriers--we cannot at the same time space program. For man to land on the moon remove the barriers we put in the way he had to overcome obstacles, previously un­ surmountable. Now, man can travel through HON. FRANK CHURCH of the handicapped. space at extraordinary speed and dares hope OF IDAHO It is a very legitimate question. As she to go beyond the moon to more distant IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES states in her essay: planets. The entire space program mustrates the This question comes to my mind: if man­ Monday, April 2, 1973 wlll of mankind to break down barriers and kind has advanced sufficiently to venture into Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the win­ to strive for the impossible dream. Now we outer space against tremendous odds, why need to prove ourselves 1n the important area can he not break down the barriers that ning essay in this year's Idaho State of service to humanity. haunt the handicapped worker? "Ability Counts" contest, sponsored by Seeking answers, I talked first with my the Governor's Committee on Employ­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ father, a disabled veteran. To my surprise, he ment of the Handicapped, is Susanne sent that the text of Miss Mansell's essay knew a great deal about such barriers. Jane Mansell of Boise. be printed at this point in the Extensions Though he believes attitudes have greatly I have just had occasion to read her of Remarks. improved over the past half-century, he cited. winning essay, entitled "The Handi­ There being no objection, the essay a recent magazine survey which revealed that capped at Work: Tomorrow's Chal­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "out of 16,000 adults a.nd 1,000 school age as follows: children, 63 per cent of the people questioned lenge." wanted to get the handicapped out of sight." 1 Also winn.ing in the Idaho contest is TH!: HANDICAPPED AT WoRK: TOMORROw'S Considering that "one out of every seven David Sharp, of Idaho Falls, for his post­ CHALLENGE persons in the United States is disabled in er on Hire the Handicapped. I wish it (By Susanne Jane Mansell) some way" 2 that like hiding our heads 1n were possible to reprint this young man's Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, !our, three, the sand. striking poster in the CONGRESSIONAL two, one, blast off! What is being done to change attitudes to­ A great roar arose, overpowering all other ward the handicapped and what is their hope RECORD. Since we deprive ourselves of for the future? "The most effective example graphic representation in the RECORD, sounds in the area. The ground shook with the force of the rocket's llftlng off the launch­ I know of is LIVE, Inc., in Boise. LIVE strives however, I can only say that it is a strik­ ing pad. It seemed as if the whole earth were to establish dignity and self-worth 1n the ing piece of work, which I know will be being jarred loose from its foundations 1 The disabled person. By training and employing highly effective. air was electric with excitement. The date the handicapped worker, LIVE gives him an Reading Miss Mansell's essay, it is was July 20, 1969, and ma.n had undertaken opportunity to be sel:r-supporting." a This easy to see why this young woman was his first excursion to the moon. improves his opinion of himself: and, in selected as a winner in the contest. Some Americans like Joe Blake, born blind, turn, raises other people•s opinion of him. and Marjorie Adams, confined to a wheelchair A person who 1s usefully and gainfully em­ Miss Mansell is the daughter of a dis­ ployed is happier and better-adjusted. abled veteran, and understands the prob­ by multiple sclerosis, could only listen to radioed reports; yet they too experienced the "As for the future, there is reason to hope. lems of the handicapped from immedi­ challenge of man's seeking a goal higher than I believe in the human race and have con­ ate experience. all others and being willing to pay the price fidence that, as we become aware or the In her essay, she notes the problems to realize that goal. that had to be overcome by the United Since that dramatic "first," !our moon Footnotes a.t end of article. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10597 problems, we wlll respond in a positive way.''' NEWS BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN The February meeting of the American How do we become aware? One way 1S REVOLUTION BICENTENNNIAL Revolution Bicentennial Commission of through publicity such as that associa~d COMMISSION Connecticut adopted a resolution desig­ with the "Hire the Handicapped" campaign, nating an Official Bicentenial Editing Proj­ which makes the community cognizant of ect of the State of Connecticut. The project, the problems that the handicapped en­ in progress since September, 1967, and ex­ counter. By informing the publlc, such meas­ HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST pected to continue for several years beyond ures help to unite communities behind a OF VIRGINL\ 1976, is the editing of the papers of Jonathan common cause, the improvement of condi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Trumbull, Connecticut's Revolutionary War tions affecting handicapped workers. governor, known affectionately to General What can be done to change attitudes? Monday, April 2, 1973 Washington as "Brother Jonathan." The "The first and most important goal should Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I Commission's resolution states that Trum­ be to educate the people.'' 5 Ignorance and bull "has not received the recognition that fear are the major obstacles to overcome 1n am inserting in the RECORD the March his contributions to American's independece changing unfavorable attitudes toward the 26 edition of the news bulletin of the deserve," a reference to the fact that Trum­ handicapped. Through greater contact with American Revolution Bicentennial Com­ bull was chiefly responsible for funneling the disabled, the average able-bodied person mission-ARBC. I take this action to food, clothing and war materiel to the w1ll gain a better understanding of the prob­ help my colleagues be informed of ac­ COilonial armies to such an extent that lems handicapped persons face. tion across the country in preparation Connecticut became known as "the Provi­ I also talked with George Betebenner, a for the 200th anniversary of the Nation sion State." The editing project is in charge supervisor for Mountain Bell Telephone of Professor Albert E. Van Dusen of the Company, who employs a handicapped per­ in 1976. The bulletin is compiled and University of Conecticut. He 1S also the Con­ son in his group. "The main objective for us written by the communications commit­ necticut State Historian. in employing handicapped persons is to find tee staff of the ARBC. The bulletin fol­ The first Planning Aid Grants have been a position in which the person can function lows: awarded by the Maine State American Revo­ well and take pride. In such a position, the AMERICAN REVOLUTION lution Bicentennial Commission. At a two­ employee's feelings of usefulness increase.• BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION, day meeting in Watervme, March 8-9, the He has a better self-image as he succeeds in Washington, D.C., March 26, 1973. Commission took final action on all requests his job; and, when he accepts himself, others The Bicentennial Western Regional Work­ for funds received since the program was accept him the same as they do the physical­ shop was held in San Francisco on March launched earlier this year. Proposals were ly and mentally fit person. 19-20. After a welcome address by Mr. Rich­ put forth by a wide range of non-profit Given the right environment, the handi­ ard Pourade of the California ARBC, several groups, including historical societies, mu­ capped can succeed. But, along with mechan­ discussion groups led by ARBC staff mem­ seums, various branches of the University of ical assistance such as ramps, elevators, am­ bers explained facets of Bicentennial pro­ Maine, the NAACP of Bangor and two local plifiers for telephone sets, hand-operated ve­ grams and policy, the national picture, Bi­ Bicentennial Committees. hicles, he needs encouragement and love, the centennial Parks, BINET, Federal Grant pro­ Henry Rubin, Director of the Louisiana love of someone who cares and who will grams and Communications. State Bicentennial Commission, has an­ struggle to help him to feel needed and It was announced at the Western Regional nounced a "Call to Action" for all interested wanted. No one survives alone. Workshop that Kent B. Williams has been State communities to help plan, encourage, The amputation of both legs does not keep named as Regional Director for the Califor­ develop and coordinate Louisiana's partici­ Chester Smith from his drafting job, nor nia Regional Bicentennial Office in San Fran­ pation in the 200th Anniversary of the does a birth defect prevent PhylllE? Fisher cisco to coordinate activities in eight states. United States of America. Mr. Rubin states from teaching drama; a respiratory diSease Mr. Williams, formerly Chief of Audio/Vis­ "Our concept of a meaningful Bicentennial has not deterred Robert Mansell from being uals and a Press Information 01Jlcer for the Celebration is to provide something of last­ a useful, necessary person to his family, ARBC, stated at the two-day planning work­ ing vp.Iue to Louisiana communities and church, and community. Despite paralyzed shop, "The 200th anniversary of American their people. To do this, every city should legs, Bill Gratton is an eminently successful independence should be as vital to the fam­ have a voice. The Louisiana American Revo­ radio and television newscaster. Someone ily in San Francisco and Honolulu as it is lution Bicentennial Commission has de­ who cares-a wife, mother, son, daughter, or to the family in Lexington and Concord. Our veloped procedures to establish a city or friend-has contributed to the success of job will be to develop Bicentennial programs parish Bicentennial Commission, the first each. Love can bridge the most difficult of in which the people of the Western United step toward a successful state celebration." all barriers. States may actively participate in 1975 and City commissions formed or being formed What is the challenge of tomorrow? I be­ 1976.'' are: Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Breaux Ueve the acceptance of handicapped persons The New York City Bicentennial Corpora­ B:;:idge, Crowley, Ferriday, Lake Charles, according to their ability to perform should tion has recently issued Focus '76: An In­ Lafayette, Monroe, Natchitoches, New Or­ be the goal. The entire space program illus­ terim Report to the Directors on the Plans leans, Shreveport, and Slidell. trates the will of mankind to break down and Activities of the New York City Bicen­ As part of its bibliographic program in ob­ barriers and to strive for the impossible tenni•• l Corporation, July-December, 1972. servance of the American Revolution Bicen­ dream. Now we need to prove ourselves in Inquiries can be directed to the Corpora­ tennial, the Library of Congress has pub­ the important area of service to humanity. tion at 331 Madison Avenue, New York, New lished Creating Independence, 1763-1789, an I believe that progress is being made to­ York 10017. annotated bibliography of background read­ ward acceptance of the handicapped. But we Mrs. Charles Dawood, Chairman of the ing for young people. Compiled by Margaret have not yet reached a level of full under­ Detroit Mayor's Committee, Keep Detroit N. Coughlan, Children's Book Section, Li­ standing and integration of all persons with Beautiful Teens, writes that the Committee br~ry of Congress, with an introduction by physical or mental disab111ties to the extent "has been receiving literature and The Bi­ Richard B. Morris, Gouverneur Morris Pro­ centennial · News and we find it very in­ fessor of History, Columbia University, the that is necessary for a healthy society. When bibliography serves as a guide to the selec­ the United States put John Glenn into teresting and informative, so much so, that our Teens would like to take an active part tion of materials for young people on the sr>ace, did we stop? No! A higher goal beck­ American Revolutionary War period. In­ oned and we fought without cessation to at­ in the Bicentennial Arts Program. Our pro­ gram is a beautification as well as youth vol­ cluded under five broad subject headings­ tain that goal. The same perseverance and untary, and our aims and goals are to beau­ "The Times," "The Rise of Discontent,'' "The dedication must be applied to the treatment tify our surroundings and to improve the Days of Revolution,'' "A Constitution is of the handicapped. We cannot stop short of quality of life in our respective communities. Born,'' and "Heroes, Heroics, and Tradi­ total victory. We would like you to keep the KDB Teens in tions"-are accurate, well-documented his­ Let it be recorded that we have launched mind and please let us know what we can do tories, biographies, and a few historical another rocket--a rocket aimed at achieving to contribute to your worth while program." novels and fictionalized biographies. the goal of complete acceptance of the handi­ On February 2'7, House Concurrent Reso­ The original five-member Nevada American Revolution Bicentennial Commission has capped worker. Now let the countdown begin. lution 15 was passed by the Arkansas Sen­ ate. The House of Representatives has pre­ been enlarged to accommodate new members Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three. and is now operating under the chairman­ two, one, blast off! viously endorsed this resolution, which pro­ vides that the membership of the Arkansas ship of Secretary of State, William D. FOOTNOTES American Revolution Bicentennial Com­ Swackhamer. The Commission recently of­ 1 Time, XC VITI (December 20, 1971}, 67. mittee be enlarged by two members, the ficially commended North Las Vegas as Ne­ 2 World Book Encyclopedia, IX, 41. state regent of the Daughters of the Ameri­ vada's "first bicentennial cit y" because a 1 Robert Mansell, disabled veteran. can Revolution and the president of the fully active and representative committee is 'Ibid. Sons of the American Revolution. Cur­ now working on several local bicentennial 6 Ibid. rently, the state D.A.R. regent is Mrs. Silas projects. Two state agencies, the Nevada 6 George Betenbenner, Supervising Engi­ E. Carroll, Jr. of Benton, and the S.A.R. Highway Department and the Department of neer, Mountain Bell Telephone Company. president is Dr. James Upton of Conway. Education were commended for completion 10598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 of a teaching project keyed to the bicenten­ bined income of close to $27,000, and others A NEW ETHIC FOR MEDICINE nial era. had incomes in excess of $15,000. AND SOCIETY The Indiana ARBC reports that several Similarly, LSO recently represented a mem­ Hoosier communities are planning Bicen­ ber of the U.S. Navy in a divorce proceeding. tennial Celebrations. Bicentennial commit­ The matter came under fire from Circuit HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN tees have been or are being formed in Boone, Court Judge John L. Niblack, who asked Cass, Daviess, Delaware, Dubois, Knox, Lake, pointedly: "Is it the contention of LSO ... OF MARYLAND LaPorte and Allen counties, and in the cities that members of the Armed Forces of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of South Bend and Michigan City. News of United States are paupers?" Monday, April 2, 1973 others will be forthcoming. Fulton County Each of these cases reveals a peculiar ac­ hopes to dedicate an original log barn, fur­ tivism on the part of LSO, supporting the Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, the ques­ nish it and begin an annual Round Barn charges of critics that the agency is more tion of abortion continues to arouse Festival. Hamilton County and Noblesville interested in representing causes than poor great debate around the country. I am will carry over many of their Sesquicenten­ people. We think it is time for the City­ nial observances. Wabash College, through Council Council to put a stop to this flagrant inserting in the REcoRD today an edi­ Ron Peterson, assistant to President Thad­ misuse of public funds. torial from California Medicine dealing deus Seymour, has a workshop producing with the ethical question facng the medi­ Continental Line uniforms, muskets and a cal profession regarding abortion: variety of early American products. A NEW ETHIC FOR MEDICINE AND SOCIETY CUTTING DEAD WOOD THE TRADITIONAL WESTERN ETHIC has always placed great emphasis on the intrinsic worth and equal value of every human life regard­ less of its stage or condition. This ethic has OEO NOT COMPLETELY HON. ALBERT H. QUIE had the blessing of the Judea-Christian heri­ SUCCESSFUL OF MINNESOTA tage and has been the basis for most of our laws and much of our social policy. The rever­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ence for each and every huina.n life has also Monday, April 2, 1973 been a keystone of Western medicine and is HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE the ethic which has caused physicians to try OF INDIANA Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, on Saturday, to preserve, protect, repair, prolong and en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 17, 1973, a column by WilliamS. hance every huiOan life which comes under White appeared on the editorial page of their surveillance. This traditional ethic is Monday, April 2, 1973 the Washington Post. Part of his discus­ st111 clearly dominant, but there is much to Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, dur­ sion concerned the restructuring of OEO. suggest that it is being eroded at its core and ing the controversy last fall concerning In light of the current interest of OEO, may eventually even be abandoned. This o! course w111 produce profound changes in the funding of the Indianapolis Legal I ask that the section concerning poverty Western medicine and in Western society. Services Organization, an editorial ap­ in Mr. White's article be printed in the There are certain new facts and social peared in the Indianapolis News which RECORD, as follows: realities which are becoming recognized, are I would like to share with you. The long effort of the Democrats to dis­ widely discussed in Western society and seem I feel that this editorial summarizes credit the President's budget as excessively certain to undermine and transform this many of the unfortunate undertakings harsh toward the poor and too generous traditional ethic. They have come into being that many of the OEO funded legal serv­ toward the Pentagon is losing for several and into focus as the social by-products of reasons, including the oldest of all possible unprecedented technologic progress and ices organizations have approacheCil. reasons. It will fail in the end primarily achievement. Of particular importance are, I include this editorial in the REcoRD: because it is untrue to suggest that Mr. first, the demographic data of human popu­ STOP LSO Nixon is "turning the clock back" and gut­ lation expansion which tends to proceed un­ The Indianapolis Legal Services Organiza­ ting social welfare. controlled and at a geometric rate of pro­ tion is supposed to provide the indigent with Taking the budget in the aggregate he is gression; second, an ever growing ecological legal representation. Its actual role in the planning to spend more, rather than less, on disparity between the numbers of people and community, however, is somewhat different welfare. What he is really trying to do is to the resources available to support these num­ and explains a lot about why the agency is cut or to cut down only some programs, not­ bers in the Ina.nner to which they are or increasingly the center of controversy. ably the highly compassionate but also would like to become accustomed; and third, LSO faces an acid test soen when the City­ highly ineffectual "war on poverty" that he and perhaps most important a quite new Council Council decides on its request for inherited from the Johnson administration. social emphasis on something which is be­ $202,232 in Community Service Program What are being chopped down, or at, are ginning to be called the quality of life, a funds, and its prospects for survival are not schemes that either won't work or are in­ something which becomes possible for the helped by recent cases in which the agency tolerably costly for what they accomplish. first time in human history because of scien­ has revealed its curious character. Though there are undeniably scattered in­ tific and technologic development. These are In one case, an Indianapolis woman sought stances of hardship for some people in this now being seen by a growing segment of the assistance in obtaining a divorce. Somehow approach, the central reality is that the public as realities which are within the she ended up in Federal court challenging President is trying both to clear up a hor­ power of huina.ns to control and there is the Marion County Welfare Department's rendous federal welfare mess based on too quite evidently an increasing determination six-month separation rule for cetermlning much belief that Washington knows best and to do this. ADC eligibility. To LSO's embarrassment, it to fight the real enemy of the poor, which is What is not yet so clearly perceived is that was revealed that she was mainly concerned called inflation. in order to bring this about hard choices with getting a divorce and that she had no As truth actually does sometimes do, the will have to be made with respect to what is intention or knowledge of signing papers to truth is slowly coming through here. The to be preserved and strengthened and what sue on another matter. Democratic attack on the administration is 1s not, and that this will of necessity violate There is similarly the case of a reluctant declining in force because of this and be­ and ultimately destroy the traditional West­ client, an inmate at the Indiana Reformatory cause of collateral circumstances. ern ethic with all that this portends. It will at Pendleton, on whose behalf LSO filed a Perhaps the most important of these col­ become necessary and acceptable to place rel­ damage suit in connection with the quelling lateral circumstances is that various pres­ ative rather than absolute values on such of disturbances at the institution last Janu­ sure groups Ina.rshalled under the general but things as human lives, the use of scarce re­ ary. The inmate wrote LSO asking that the not always honest heading of civil rights are sources and the various elements which are suit be dropped, but was then visited by heralding "a national spring offensive" to make up the quality of life or of living LSO attorney Harold R. Berk and decided to against the administration in its entirety. which is to be sought. This is quite distinctly continue with the proceedings. In court the There are threats of street violence as un­ at variance with the Judea-Christian ethic client candidly testified that he had changed dertones. and carries serious philosophical, social, eco­ his mind several times and was not certain The political atmosphere has so far nomic and political implications for Western even at that point what he wanted to do. changed in the last four years as to Ina.ke society and perhaps for world society. In another recent case, involving distribu­ such allies unwelcome even to most of the The process of eroding the old ethic and tion of underground newspapers in the pub­ ultra-liberal Democrats themselves. They substituting the new has already begun. It lic schools, LSO's cultivated image of cham­ don't want this association. And so for the may be seen most clearly in changing atti­ pioning the poor came unraveled. Investiga­ most part they are beginning to back away tudes toward human abortion. In defiance tion revealed that LSO's clients were any­ and to moderate rhetoric that had pictured of the long held Western ethic of intrinsic thing but poverty-stricken. The parents of the President as deliberately hard-hearted and equal value for every huiOan life regard­ one of the student publishers had a com- toward the unfortunate. less of its stage, condition or status, abortion April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10599 is becoming accepted by society as moral, quality of life is considered to be a function which will be needed. It is not too early for right and even necessary. It is worth noting of personal fulfillment; or individual respon­ our profession to examine this new ethic, rec­ that this shift in public attitude has affected sibility for the common welfare, the preserva­ ognize it for what it is and wlll mean for the churches, the laws and public policy tion of the environment, the betterment of human society, and prepare to apply it in a rather than the reverse. Since the old ethic the species; and of whether or not, or to rational development for the fulfillment and has not yet been fully displaced it has been what extent, these responsibilities are to be betterment of mankind in what is almost necessary to separate the idea of abortion exercised on a compulsory or voluntary basis. certain to be a biologically oriented world from the idea of killing, which continues to The part which medicine wlll play as all society. be socially abhorrent. The result has been a this develops is not yet entirely clear. That curious avoidance of the scientific fact, which it wlll be deeply involved is certain. Medi­ everyone really knows, that human life be­ cine's role witll respect to changing attitudes gins at conception and is continuous whether toward abortion may well be a prototype of RESULTS OF HON. WlliliiAM L. HUN­ intra- or extra-uterine until death. The very what is to occur. Another precedent may be GATE'S LATEST QUESTIONNAIRE considerable semantic gymnastics which are found in the part physicians have played in required to rationalize abortion as anything evaluating who is and who is not to be given but taking a human life would be ludicrous if costly long-term renal dialysis. Certainly this HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE they were not often put forth under socially has required placing relative values on hu­ OF MISSOURI impeccable auspices. It is suggested that this man lives and the impact of the physician IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schizophrenic sort of subterfuge is neces­ to this decision process has been consider­ sary because while a new ethic is being able. One may anticipate further develop­ Monday, April 2, 1973 accepted the old one has not yet been ment of these roles as the problems of birth rejected. control and birth selection are extended Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I would It seems safe to predict that the new demo­ inevitably to death selection and death con­ like to bring to the attention of my col­ graphic, ecological and social realities and trol whether by the individual or by society, leagues the results of my recent ques­ aspirations are so powerful that the new and further public and professional deter­ tionnaire to my constituents in the ethic of relative rather than of absolute and minations of when and when not to use Ninth District of Missouri. This year's equal values wm ultimately prevail as man scarce resources. poll produced 38,000 replies-more re­ exercises ever more certain and effective con­ Since the problems which the new demo­ trol over his numbers, and uses his always graphic, ecologic and social realities pose are turns than in any previous year. The comparatively scarce resources to provide fundamentally biological and ecological in large response indicates to me an in­ the nutrition, housing, economic support, nature and pertain to the survival and well­ creased concern about some of the con­ education and health care in such ways as being of human beings, the participation of troversial national issues yet to be solved. to achieve his desired quality of life and physicians and of the medical profession will For this reason, I believe the results will living. The criteria upon which these rela­ be essential in planning and decision-making be valuable to the Members of the House tive values are to be based will depend con­ at many levels. No other discipline has the siderably upon whatever concept of the knowledge of human nature, human be­ as we seek answers to the Nation's prob­ quality of life or living is developed. This havior, health and disease, and of what is lems through the legislative process. may be expected to refiect the extent that involved in physical and mental well-being The questionnaire follows:

9TH DISTRICT (1973) QUESTIONNAIR.E RESULTS (In percent) r ' '

His Hers Total His Hers Total

1. Vietnam. With the prospects of peace in Vietnam following the (D) Provide that abortions not be permitted under any recent cease-fire agreement, what role do you believe the United circumstances ______(E) No opinion ______7.9 8. 9 8.4 States should have in Southeast Asia? 2.2 1.2 1.8 (a) Get out completely from all Southeast Asian nations ______30.3 32.1 31.2 4. Rural programs. In the President's press conference of Jan. 31 (b) Continue to provide military equipment only and technical assistance ______1973, he stated: "Now 80 percent of this 2 percent (REAl money 11.6 10.1 10.9 goes for country clubs and dilettantes, for example, and others (c) Provide funds for rebuilding war-ravaged South Vietnam who can afford living in the country, I am not for 2-percent money only_------______------_ 6.9 6. 7 6.8 for people who can afford 5 percent or 7." Do you- (d) Provide funds for rebuilding both North and South Vietnam_ 6.6 4.8 5. 7 (A) Agree with this assessment of REA program needs ______28.3 24.8 26.6 (e) Let the majority of aid to rebuild Vietnam come from the (B) Disagree with this statement and believe the program UN or otner international sources ______43.1 43.5 43.3 should be fully reinstated ______23. 8 23.5 23.7 (f) No opinion ______------___ 1.5 2.8 2.1 (C) Favor some cutback in REA and other rural programs ___ _ 26.2 23.6 25.0 2. Amnesty. After our POW's have been returned, should the approxi- (D) No opinion ______------__ ------21.7 28.1 24.7 mately 70,000 young men who left the United States to avoid 5. Minimum wage. As Congress is expected to again consider mini­ the draft be- mum wage legislation, which do you prefer? (a) Allowed to return without any conditions ______4.9 4. 8 4.9 (a) Providing a gradual increase from $1.60 to $1.80 then to $2 (b) Allowed to return on condition they perform some alter- per hour ______------______42.2 44.3 43.2 nate public service for 1 to 2 years ______23.1 30.8 26.9 (b) Minimum wage be established at more than $2 per hour __ 27.3 26.4 26.8 (c) Allowed back to stand trial and receive whatever punish- (c) Minimum wage be established at less than $2 per hour __ _ 5.5 5. 6 5.6 ment might be imposed ______70.6 62.8 66.8 (d) No new minimum wage legislation should be enacted ____ _ (d) No opinion ______22.1 19.1 20.6 1.4 1.6 1.4 (e) No opinion ______------______------2.9 4.6 3.8 3. Abortion. Should laws governing whether a woman receives an 6. Economy. T~e President's authority to impose wage and price con- abortion- ~ho~~ldxt~s on Apr. 30, 1973. Do you believe this authority (A) Provide that the decision be left entirely up to the woman and her doctor ______52.2 51.2 51.7 (a) Continued ____ ------______68.0 65.5 66.8 (B) Allow abortions only under special circumstances (such (b) Discontinued ______------___ _------__ 28.6 28.8 28.7 as danger to the mother's life or to victims of rape) ____ 35.3 37.4 36.3 (c) No opinion ___ ------______3.4 5. 7 4. 5 (C) Be left up to the States to decide ______2.4 1.3 1.8 .

JUSTIN DOUGLAS HALLER MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN-HOW identified by the enemy as alive and cap­ LONG? tive. The remaining 1,220 men are still HON. CARLOS J. MOORHEAD missing in action. OF CALIFORNIA HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE A child asks: "Where is Daddy?" A OF IOWA mother asks: "How is my son?" A wife IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wonders: ''Is my husband alive or dead?" Monday, April 2, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES How long? Mr. MOORHEAD of California. Mr. Monday, April 2, 1973 Until those men are accounted for, Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, for more their families will continue to undergo make the following announcement for than 3 years, I have reminded my col­ the special suffering reserved for the the RECORD. leagues daily of the plight of our prison­ relatives of those who simply disappear Justin Douglas Haller, the first great ers of war. Now, for most of us, the war without a trace, the living lost, the dead great great grandson of Jefferson Davis, is over. Yet despite the cease-fire agree­ with graves unmarked. For their fami­ soldier, Member of Congress, and Secre­ ment's provisions for the release of all lies, peace brings no respite from frus­ tary of War, was born on March 9, 1973, prisoners, fewer than 600 of the more tration, anxiety, and uncertainty. Some to Mr. and Mrs. Howard Edward Haller than 1,900 men who were lost while on can look forward to a whole lifetime of Chevy Chase Estates, Glendale, Calif. active duty in Southeast Asia have been shadowed by grief. 10600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2·, 1973 We must make every effort to alleviate States may do or say abroad 1t is surely Then consider a few other things of some their anguish by redoubling our search wrong. The Swedish Prime Minister Olaf significance, like the dreadful surprise that for the missing servicemen. Of the in­ Palme has compared American actions in followed hard on the heels of the first round calculable debt owed to them and their Vietnam to the race-murders of Adolf Hitler. of SALT talks. The surprise took the form of mini­ So bitter an insult is not made easier to take a Soviet test, demurely delayed untU the first families, we can at least pay that by recollections that the Swedes got fat SALT round was over, of a submarine­ mum. Untll I am satisfied, therefore, that practicing "neutrality" while selling to the launched ballistic missUe with a range o! we are meeting our obligation, I will con­ Nazis arms with which to kill and enslave about 4,500 miles. tinue to ask, "How long?" other Scandinavians. American troops for The surprise was dreadful for several rea­ their part did a. good deal of dying to liberate sons. To begin with, the range of this new Nazi Germany's victims. · submarine-launched missile exceeds by As for India, Prime Minister Indira around 1,000 miles the maximum that had U.S. "FED-UPNESS" WITH INDIA AND Gandhi, daughter of the sainted Prime Min­ been considered possible by the American SWEDEN ister Nehru and like him a professional paci­ scientific analysts. The first SALT agreement fist except when sending her troops against was squarely based on the U.S. analysts' pre­ weaker neighbors, has now implied that dictions, which have now turned out to be American bombing in Vietnam was racist. poppycock. HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES Would this have been "tolerated for long had Then, too, the Soviet test provided that in OF FLORIDA the people been European?" she asks rhe­ the first round of SALT talks the Soviet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torically. negotiators had been grossly misleading, if She is of course furious because her aggre-s­ not directly untruthful. Monday, April 2, 1973 sion in Pakistan was not saluted by the United States. Her innuendo that the U.S. "PARITY" RECOGNIZED Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, Mr. William They had pleaded that their submarine S. White in a column entitled "U.S. 'Fed­ was killing North Vietnamese Communists for being Asians ignores that the South Viet­ launched ballistic missiles had a much Upness' with India and Sweden" appear­ namese being defended by the United States shorter range than the comparable American ing in the Washington Post on Febru­ are also Asian. weapons. They had stressed the complex op­ ary 17, expressed the convictions of a The comments of Palme and Mrs. Gandhi, erational factors that make an increase of great many Americans. It is thought pro­ however, are interesting primarily because range almost exactly equivalent to an increase voking and highly appropriate. I wish to they illustrate so well the utter impossibllity of number, in the case of strategic missiles of getting along with this kind of truth and launched from submarines. submit it for reprinting in the RECORD. Hence the Soviets had claimed they had a U.S. "F'ED-UPNEss" WrrH INDIA AND SWEDEN logic. It can't be done; and this at long last is the conclusion of President Nixon. right to a lot more submarine-launched mis­ (By William S. White) siles than the United States. This claim, Relations between the United St81tes and made in the sacred name of "parity," was, in the world's two most piously paciftstic na­ fact, recognized. Under SALT I, the Soviets tions, India and Sweden, are in deep cold SALT TALKS: AN ADVANTAGE TO a.re allowed. to build up to a total of 950 sub­ storage and no kind of thaw in sight. THE SOVIETS marine-launched nuclear missiles, whereas For the first time, Washington is daring to the United States is held to a level of about express in public its fed-upness with the 600 such missUes. moralizing finger-pointers of so called neu­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK Now, however, the Soviets have a subma­ tralist powers that are in fact habitually OF LOUISIANA rine-launched missile of much longer range than any in the U.S. arsenal, either 1n exist­ "neutral" in favor of any adversary of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country. ence or in prospect. Its present accuracy has The United States now has no Ambassador Monday, April 2, 1973 been questioned, but accuracy can always be improved. With missiles of such range, more­ in Stockholm and no discernible intention to Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Soviets send one any time soon. Daniel Patrick over Soviet nuclear submarines can lurk in Moynihan has been appointed by the Presi­ have reacted to the nuclear advantage the Bering Sea or the Sea of Okhotsk, far dent and confirmed by the Senate to be am­ given them in the SALT talks just as any beyond the reach of U.S. sea surveillance. bassador to India, but the administration has reasonable observer would have expected And thence they can loft their missiles to al­ made it plain that nobody is concerned with them to. most all the most vital American targets! any resumption under present circumstances Our numerical inferiority to the So­ In sum, this single Soviet missile test be­ of real diplomatic contact with New Delhi. viets was supposedly justified, according tokens a coming change in the strategic bal­ All this is novel. For all through the ance that ought to give the creeps to any lib­ to our decisionmakers, because our nu­ eral Democrat who gives a pin about his Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson adminis­ in trations, Washington's fixed policy was to ex­ clear missiles, although fewer number, country's future. ercise a gloomy patience and a very high had multiple warheads, called MIRV's. Instead, one of the prime aims of the lib­ degree of tolerance when the United States Now that SALT I has numerically guar­ eral Democratic attack, now being organized was attacked-as so often it was-by coun­ anteed 5 years of Soviet nuclear superi­ in the Senate, is the destruction of the U.S. tries which call themselves "nonaligned" but ority, the Soviets are altering their single Trident program. This is the program, of have in fact historically found very little warhead missiles by changing them to course, intended to give this country greater wrong with the Communist side in the cold and less vulnerable seaborne nuclear strik­ MIRV, or multiple warheads identified ing power. war. as the SS-17. . It was, and particularly to Pi'esidents Ken­ One of the main objections to Trident, nedy and Johnson, a galling posture, espe­ The Russians now have been given naturally, is that the new missiles will be cially having in mind that the "nonaligned missile superiority by our leaders. Who MIRVed-in other words, will have multiple world" owes its physical safety to none other can be so naive, as to believe that after warheads capable of being independently than the U.S. 5 years of such an advantage the Soviets targeted. The doctrine of the virtuous is that Indeed, President Johnson once wryly ob:. will ever be interested in parity. After if the United States goes on MIRVing its served in private that the one sure way to all, they have the decided upper hand. missiles, the Soviets will then be driven to get extra tenderness and help from the MIRV their missUes. This, once again, is pur­ And as if this is not bad enough, we est goose-talk. Uillited States government was to kick it as have now announced a $202.4 million hard as possible and in public. A WRONG TURN Nevertheless, a kind of excessive tolerance Export-Import Bank loan to the Soviets, supposedly for American industrial Soviet nuclear missiles are not MIRVed to­ was maintained through the years in fear equipment. day, simply because Soviet missile develop­ that if the United States ever actively re­ ment took a wrong turn a good many years sented the abuse routinely direoted against I insert related news clippings in the ago. To MIRV a missile successfully, you have it "world opinion" would censure not the RECORD, as fOllOWS: to put a complex miniaturized computer on abusers but rather the nation being abused. [From the Baton Rouge (La.) Sunday Ad­ board the missile. For detailed guidance, the The NiXon administration has simply de­ vocate, Apr. 1, 1973] Soviets instead relied for a long time on com­ cided. that turning the other cheek while Do THEY REALLY WANT DEFEAT? puter systems at the launch point rather certainly not dignified is also certainly not effeotive in any case. Thus it is that while (By Joseph Alsop) than using on-board computers. ofticial American displeasure is being direct­ WASHINGTON.-Nowadays, in the dark Throughout much of the first round of ed specifically at Sweden and India, for acts hours before dawn, you sometimes wonder SALT talks, however, it was already perfectly of a grossly hostile nature, the intention is whether a. lot of virtuous Americans do not clear that the Soviets were working, all out that this displeasure shall be noted elsewhere actually want to see their country defeated. to correct this past error-and thus to MIRV. in the neutralist world as well. Consider, to begin with, the powerful d.rive Another recent Soviet missile test had shown As to Sweden and India, the provocations now taking shape among the liberal Demo­ furthermore, that the Soviets have already could scarcely be denJed even by those who crats in Congress to dismantle the national achieved considerable success in this inten­ are convinced that whatever the United defense. sive effort. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10601 The new missile tested is called the S8-17. FIGHTER IN THE CAUSE She seemed slightly embarrassed when It has an on-board computer and a range of asked to explain how she manages it all. But 6,000 miles. It can even be regarded as a she said she has her epitaph ready: "She new "counterforce weapon." But the main HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL didn't rust out, she just wore out." point is that the new missile is a long step in OF NEW YORK the direction of much more widespread Soviet MIRVing, which the goose-talkers say we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must not "stimulate." In such matters, the Monday, April 2, 1973 Soviets need no stimulation. ESTABLISH A LOAN PROGRAM The goose-talkers still quack about Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is in­ FOR VIETNAM VETERANS "parity." In reality, another question al­ deed fortunate that this country has peo­ ready faces us. How will the Soviets behave if ple like Alma John. and when they are allowed to acquire a heavy In these times of skyrocketing food HON. BOB WILSON predominance of nuclear striking power? Any prices, widespread consumer fraud, and OF CALD'OBNIA sensible man ought to be able to figure out general insensitivity to the needs of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the answer to that question. And the ques­ poor, Alma John is living and working Monday, April 2, 1973 tion indicates where the Soviets are heading. to make her city, New York, just a little Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, re­ [From the Evening Star and Daily News, more livable for her 8 million neighbors. It gives me great satisfaction to sub­ cently, I met with a group of college Mar. 21, 1973] veterans representing most of the col­ SOVIET MISSILE ADVANCE CouLD EXPOSE mit an article from the New York Dally News concerning Alma entitled "Her leges and universities in my district. They U.S. Sn.os emphasized the difficulties faced by (By William Beecher) Gentle Voice Wlll Be Heard,: HER GENTLE VOICE WILL BE HEARD many Vietnam veterans in securing suffi­ Administration military analysts report cient funds to meet the continuously that the Soviet Union has conducted its first (By Joyce White) rising cost of higher education. Congress successful test of a computer aboard a new "Whenever welfare day arrives, prices go intercontinental ballistic missile. up,'' said Alma John. In her cozy apartment last year took a major stride forward by This development, the analysts said, is at W. 137th St. and Madison Ave., she sat substantially increasing the subsistence considered highly significant in that it should discussing what goes on in Harlem. allowance for Vietnam-era veterans and improve the accuracy of the SS11 missile to A gentle, sofJ;-spoken woman, Alma seldom I was pleased to work for the passage of the point where it could be used to attack raises her voice, even when talking about the this legislation. American Minuteman missile silos and not social injustices that exist in her community. Nonetheless. with the ever-increasing only cities and airfields. Such missiles con­ "Living in Harlem, I can easily see the dis­ rise in the cost of living, coupled with stitute the bulk of the Soviet ICBM force. crepancies in quality of goods and services skyrocketing costs of education even at The administration analysts said the place­ rendered to this community,'' she said. "Wilt­ ment of a computer aboard an interconti­ ed vegetables and bad meats fill the markets. State universities, many veterans are nental missile also could markedly advance Merchants in Harlem use all sorts of 1llegal unable to take advantage of their edu­ the time when the Soviet Union might de­ devices to cheat customers." cation benefits. They simply cannot pay velop accurate Multiple Independently Ta.r­ However, Alma does more than just talk living expenses and tuition costs even getable Warheads (MIRVs) for its intercon­ about the issues. She has been fighting for though many work at parttime jobs to tinental missiles. almost a half century. During the depression, supplement their incomes. The situation Administration officials said this techno­ she led a group of Harlem Hospital nurses is exacerbated by the slowness in proc­ logical progress could have some impact both in a struggle to improve working conditions. essing their claims, either by the schools on the current negotiations to seek a treaty Now, she's tackling the merchants. limiting or reducing the number of offensive "I started a program on WWRL radio called themselves or the Veterans' Administra­ nuclear weapons in the United States and the "Shopper's Guide," she said. "Several ttines tion. Eligible veterans may wait several Soviet Union, and on the administration's daily I quote the best buys of the week, months before getting any money from interest in improving the capability of its give nutrition hints and cooking techniques. the VA. In the meantime, they may be own MIRV warheads. And I also warn my listeners to watch out for forced to drop out of school and go to The Russians have reportedly made four the piece of metal that merchants often work fulltime in order to eat. tests of the SS17, an improved version of the place on the scale, along with the chicken," SSll-the first last September, the most re­ I am, today, introducing legislation to she said, with twinkling eyes. establish a loan program for Vietnam cent earlier this month. In spite of her consumer efforts, whenever Analysis of telemetry readings convinced Alma is called the black Bess Myerson of veterans who have enrolled in a higher the United States that a computer was Harlem, a slight frown appears on her us­ education program. With these addi­ aboard on each of the four, ordering correc­ ually serene face. tional funds, the veteran would be able tions in the missile's :flight because of high "I work at the gra.ssroot level, plus I don't to assure that he had sufficient income to winds and other unanticipated factors af­ have any mayoralty aspiration," she quickly remain in school. Many veterans are un­ fecting the missile's trajectory. retorted. "Anyway, our work is completely able to consider attending a private uni­ Soviet ICBMs now ready for operation em­ different. I'm concerned about all aspects of ploy a ground-based computer that attempts versity, because of the higher costs, de­ black family life. On my radio program, I spite the fact that this particular school to forecast before launching such variables as advise my listeners on how to eat to live," shifting wind, engine velocity and engine she added. might more closely meet their individual burnout time. Alma's concern doesn't stop with her con­ educational needs. The loan program I The analysts say that if the accuracy of the sumer program. On Saturday morning when am proposing would thus increase the SS17 could, with an on-board computer, be most people are sleeping late, she is directing veteran's educational alternatives by brought to within a quarter of a mile of its target, it could carry a sufilciently large a talent workshop. About 60 persons gather making it possible for him to borrow warhead to be effective against steel-and-con­ at Sachs Furniture at E. 121st St. and Third sufficient money to attend the university crete Minuteman silos. Ave. to express their creative talents. of his choice, public or private. "The people at the workshop relate to each It would also provide VA insured loans other as a family unit," she said. "Our motto (From the Washington Post, Mar. 20, 1973] is: Teach what you know; if you don't know, to veterans attending institutions of SOVIETS To SIGN $202.4 Mn.LION U.S. LOAN learn. higher education and pursuing degree PACT "At the workshop, you will often see a objectives with interest subsidy provi­ The U.S. Export-Import Bank says Soviet senior citizen reading a new poem that he sions similar to the insured loans under officials have agreed to sign a formal pact has written, or a 5-year-old teaching a new the Higher Education Act of 1965, as next week providing for $202.4 million in U.S. dance step to the entire crowd," she said. amended. In addition, the blll provides loans to Russia's foreign trade bank for the "Several times a year we visit prisons, direct VA loans where insured loans are purchase of American industrial equipment. youth houses, detention centers or so-called not available under interest rates pre­ Eximbank officials said yesterday there will 'correctional houses.' We don't go there be two loan signing ceremonies--one on merely to entertain the inmates, but to let scribed by the Administrator in the vet­ March 21 and another on March 23-at the them know we consider them a part of our eran's area of residence or not available Eximbank's headquarters here. black family." under the terms and conditions neces­ The Eximbank had approved $101.2 mffiion "The prison population was 27% black in sary for approval of an insured loan by 1n direct loans and guarantees for another 1937, today it's 85%," she added softly. the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs. $101.2 million in matching loans from three Seemingly, there is no end to Alma's ac­ Loans up to $1,500 per year would be U.S. banks. But the formal signing cere­ tivities. She also produces as well as moder­ monies were delayed while legal experts for ates a TV program called "Black Pride,'' available, although the maximum in­ both the lenders and the borrower reviewed which appears on WPI.X Sunday nights. Mon­ sured loans made to any veteran could the final wording of loan documents. days, she hosts a talk show on WWRL radio. not exceed $6,000. 10602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 I feel very strongly that a veterans' see any reinvolvement in Southeast Asia. election produced a Congress which re­ educational loan program should receive We must, however, be cautious lest Mr. quested the incorporation of Lithuania priority consideration. Although the Thieu attempt to cajole anything else into the Soviet Union. Congress and the administration have out of the American people during his It is estimated that during the first devoted considerable attention to pro­ visit here. Soviet occupation, the country sufi'ered viding additional funds for higher edu­ the loss of about 45,000-many Lithua­ cation loan programs, sufficient funds nians fled, others were arrested or de­ have unfortunately not become available LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE ported. Repeating the history of the to meet the current demand. While we First World War, German occupation re­ are endeavoring to expand the funds HON. JOSHUA EILBERG placed Soviet. During this time however, available in higher education loans to the Germans instituted a colonization all students, I think that we need to pay OF PENNSYLVANIA policy and several thousand German particular attention to the needs of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES families settled in Lithuania. Almost all Vietnam veteran. After interrupting Monday, April 2, 1973 Lithuanian Jews were executed by the their schooling and careers to serve in Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, during Nazis. As the war drew to an end, Lithua­ the Anned Forces, these young men re­ the years between 1795 and 1915, the nia returned not to independence, but to turned home to find that their contem­ people of Lithuania were subject to the Soviet domination. poraries, who were not called, had a con­ harsh rule of the Russian empire. During Under Communist domination, com­ siderable headstart in terms of education World War I, the Lithuanians fell to munication between Lithuanians and the and job experience. Regardless of their German domination. In 1918, however, free peoples of the world, has been mini­ own feelings on the war which they this proud people declared itself a free mal. The country is closed to Western fought, and undoubtedly their views are and united nation. Tragically, this long observers. This is regarded as a precau­ as diverse as the Nation as a whole, these awaited freedom was to last for but 20 tionary measure of the military, due to men gave their time and put their lives years. the fact that the Baltic coast is conven­ on the line because their country asked World War II brought occupation by iently located for the establishment of them to do so. the Red Russian Army and declaration military bases. The Communists appear Returning home from the most un­ that Lithuania was a constituent repub­ to have concentrated their efforts on in­ popular war in our history, they were lic of the United Soviet Socialist Repub­ dustrialization and on collectivizing agri­ not greeted with the much-deserved lic. Soon afterward Nazi Germany at­ culture. The few people who have been praise and celebration which presently tacked the Soviet Union and once again able to escape since 1945 report a lack of awaits our prisoners of war nor the Lithuania fell to the control of the Ger­ freedom and the imposition of Com­ thanks for a job well-done which return­ mans. It was not until 1944 that the munist methods on this traditionally ing GI's received in 1945. While we as Russians regained Lithuania.. freedom loving society. a Nation try to bind up our wounds, it The United States has never recog­ The United States recognized the in­ is paramount that we provide every pos­ nized the Soviet conquest of Lithuania dependent Lithuanian Government on sible assistance to those who were in the or that of Estonia and Latvia, the other July 27, 1922, and it continues to main­ line of fire. suppressed Baltic States, but has main­ tain diplomatic relations with the rep­ The loan program I am proposing is tained its steadfast adherence to the resentative of the former independent not a welfare grant, but a loan to assure legal governments of these nations. government, which has a legation in that these veterans are able to complete As an independent state, Lithuania Washington. their education and become productive gained admission to the League of Na­ While joining with our Lithuanian citizens. The loans will be repaid, both tions on September 22, 1921. The first brothers in mourning the loss of their in terms of the actual cash value of the President of the Lithuania Republic, An­ country's too briefly experienced free­ loan itself and the investment in our tanas Smetone, was elected under a pro­ dom, let us reaffirm our resolution to see Nation's future productivity and growth. visional constitution. The permanent that freedom once again established. In addition, it will provide greater flexi­ constitution, adopted on August 1, 1922, bility to veterans in planning their spe­ established as basic rights the freedom cific educational programs and would of speech, assembly, religion, and com­ relieve some of the student population munication. MRS. CORINNE C. BOGGS crush experienced by many public-fi­ In 1938, a new constitution was es­ nanced institutions due to the prohibi­ tablished which provided stronger pow­ tive rates at private universities. I would ers for the President, but in general re­ HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR. like to reiterate my request for prompt affirmed the major provisions of the ori­ OF LOUISIANA congressional consideration of this leg­ ginal document. During the period of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES islation. independence, great emphasis was placed Tuesday, March 27, 1973 on improving agriculture, the country's primary industry. A land refonn pro­ Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I MR. THIEU'S VISIT gram was instituted, resulting in Lithu­ would like to take a moment to welcome ania becoming a nation of small farm­ to the House, the newest Member from ers. Additionally, industrialization pro­ the State of Louisiana, the gentlewom­ HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN an, Mrs. CORINNE C. BOGGS. OF FLORIDA gressed. While in 1913, Lithuania had only 151 industrial establishments with You know it was often said down in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 6,603 employees, by 1939 the industrial Louisiana that the second district was Monday, April 2, 1973 establishment had grown to 16,131 en­ in fact represented by two Members of Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, with the terprises employing 33,000 workers. Lith­ Congress: Hale Boggs and LINDY BoGGS. arrival of President Thieu to meet with uania made similar strides in social leg­ Although it is sad that we can no longer President Nixon this week, I hope we will islation. A labor control law, the 8-hour say that we have two Members of Con­ all be on guard so that this visit will not day, and several educational reform gress representing the second district, we be a springboard for further U.S. in­ measures were adopted before the Sec­ can be proud to say that we have one ex­ volvement in Southeast Asia. ond World War. ceptionally qualified Congresswoman; a For too many years, the United States Lithuania was one of the first countries :fine lady for whom I personally have the has poured too many men and too much to experience the aggression of both highest respect and admiration. To know of its resources into the maintenance of Hitler and the Soviet Union. With war her is to love her. this despotic regime in South Vietnam. imminent, Lithuania attempted to main­ I think that most of the membership Now that our POW's are home, there is tain a policy of absolute neutrality, but of this body who knew Hale also knew little rationale for the presence of any was engulfed nevertheless. The first loss how important a role LINDY played in his American military personnel in South occured when Klaipeda was yielded to life and political career. The quality of Vietnam or elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Germany on March 22, 1939. On June 15, representation for the second district will I believe that the President recognizes 1940, the Soviets reoccupied the couptry. not in any way be diminished, I can as­ that the American people do not want to Soon afterward, in July of 1940, a rigged sure you. April 2, 197.3 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10603 As the first woman elected to the Con­ ask themselves the searing question of home after 5 years in a POW camp in gress from the State of Louisiana, whether they really wanted to feed their Hanoi. LINDY, I would like extend my con­ families dehydrogenated whatever. Back to The following is the telegram which I to nature, the health folk told her: bake your gratulations and best wishes to you. The own bread, can your own beans, and no mat­ sent to Mr. Stark: second district has maintained its tradi­ ter that you have only 35 minutes from the Mr. LARRY STARK, tion of fine representation. moment you get home to the moment the C/0 Mr. Harry Drake, Superintendent, family sits down for supper. Is your time Mount Greenwood, lll. worth more than your family's health? Guilt MARCH 22, 1973. wrapped itself around the housewife if she Dear Mr. Stark: The happiness and excite­ STOP "PASSING THE BUCK" picked up frozen fried chicken. ment you are feeling today is being felt by Did anyone ever tell the prepared food our entire Nation in what has become one people how to run their business? No, just of history's greatest causes for celebration­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON the consumer. the return of you and your fellow POW's OJ' KASSACHUSETI'S Then, it was snacks and cereals. The from Southeast Asia. My only regret is that I could not be 1n IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mother was lectured to by doctor, dentist and nutritionist. Cavities, curvature of the spine illinois to join in honoring you for your Monday, April 2, 1973 and possibly scurvy would occur if her chil­ great courage and for the sacrifices you have made for your country. Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in dren ate Captain Grapeberry Cereal With Marshmallows and Salty Air Chips. Mean­ I wish you every possible happiness for recent months, the American housewife while the kids were being sold the stuff on the life you have yet to live. Welcome home. has been cited as the cause and the solu­ television. Congressman ROBERT P. HANRAHAN, tion to many problems in our :.;ociety. The mothers of young children were given Third District, IZlinois. Such an accusation is misleading, unjust, the option of hassling with the kids over It is indeed a great time for America and false. breakfast or letting their teeth rot. The mothers of older kids who get the Salty Air to be able to witness the return of these The housewife is not the "most power­ fine men who have given so much for ful weapon against high prices" as the Chips at the corner store on the way home were given Guilt. their fellow man. Their bravery and en­ President said she is on Thursday, The manufacturer was never ordered to durance are an inspiration to us all. I March 22, 1973. The President has at his stop making the garbage, the housewife was join with all of America in honoring the disposal, the most powerful weapons ordered to stop buying it. returning POW's. against high prices. Certainly, a con­ At this point the housewife was responsi­ sumer does not have the authority to im­ ble for (1) water pollution, (2) the Energy pose a ceiling on meat prices. When the Crisis, and (3) the health of her family. President said, "the buck stops here," he Enter Richard Nixon. Last Thursday the President of the United FOOD PRICES was very accurate. The buck or blame States said: "I would suggest that the great­ cannot be passed on to the American est and most powerful weapon against high housewife for the high cost of living. prices in this country is the American house­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON It is clear that the administration's wife." OF INDIANA economic stabilization program has not The President (and that man's the Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES achieved its major objectives. We need dent) suggested that American housewives Monday, April 2, 1973 to control all meat prices, not just put "beat" high food prices by "buying more a ceiling on some. In addition, we need carefully". Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under general price controls such as those un­ Lordie, so that's the trick. And all the time the leave to extend my remarks in the we thought it had something to do with RECORD, I include my April 2, 1973, Wash­ der the phase n program. Finally, the farmers and wholesalers and retailers and President should accept the blame for labor costs and stuff. ington Report entitled "Food Prices:" the economy's failures, and stop passing But no, now the housewife has to assume [From Washington Report of Congressman it onto the American consumer. the guilt of inflation and take it upon her­ Lee Hamilton, April2, 1973] An article by Ms. Ellen Goodman, self to turn the tide by buying more care­ FOOD PRICES which appeared in the Boston Globe, fully. With food prices rising faster than at any I don't know about you, but I don't know time in the past 20 years, President Nixon March 26, 1973, stresses these points in a any man or woman who shops casually in decisive fashion: announced a ceiling on the wholesale and the supermarket these days, just romping retail price of beef, lamb, and pork "for as MUST MOTHER TAKE THE RAP? along piling up the Porterhouse. long as necessary to do the job." The price of In the beginning it wasn't so bad. The With cube steak on sale, pray, for $1.65, food in the typical market basket jumped housewives of America were just being anyone with a freezer 1s living off of the vin­ 2.5 percent from January to February and blamed for water pollution. Somehow the tage beef. An investment in a meat cellar the President was forced to accept ceiling collective guilt of a nation settled onto the doesn't seem to absurd. prices, which he had previously been reject­ woman with the washing machine and de­ But to blame the consumer, to blame the ing because they would contribute to short­ tergent and she was exhorted to change wash­ victim, is like convicting the driver when the age and be counterproductive. ing agents for the future of generations to steering wheel of his new car comes o~ in An important factor 1n the President's de­ come. his hand. cision was his belief that without a halt to It was not, of course, the housewife who'd Housewives have become too easy a tar­ rising food prices there would be an explosion killed Lake Erie but the finger was pointed get, all too ready to pick up the guilt and in wage increases in the upcoming labor con­ at her and she crept off to buy low phos­ not organized enough to throw it in the right tract negotiations. Already the prospects are phates, thereby being caught between the arena. We have to feed our families some­ diminishing for achieving his goal of holding ads telling her she must have clean white thing more than "Let's Pretend Loaf" and inflation to 2.5 percent by the end of the laundry or be considered a wash-out (you when the choice is between $1.69 top round year. should excuse the expression) and the ar­ and $1.65 Swiss steak, the problem of price The big question, of course, is whether ticles telling her she was responsible for the control belongs somewhere else. Like the this and the other steps (cited below) will waters and their inhabitants. White House, for instance. actually work. The hope is that prices will Then the housewife was told that those come down with the combination of a ceiling wonderful electrical appliances pushed down on meat prices, the housewife's rebellion at her purse for a decade or more were using food prices, and the farmer's increased pro­ up too much electricity. Meanwhile, of WELCOME HOME LARRY STARK duction. course, the lights blazed all night 1n the The fundamental reason for the rising food Pru but, she was told to cut back, brown­ DAY prices is tight supply combined with strong out on electricity or be held responsible for demand, with several developments converg­ the Energy Crisis. ing to cause the price upsurge: In the meantime, the electric company HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN 1. Strong consumer demand for food arose was running a special on can-openers and OF n.LINOIS from an increase in spendable income aris­ air-conditioners were running 24 hours a day ing from higher wages, larger social security in buildings constructed without windows. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES payments, and tax refunds. With extreme ease however, the house­ Monday, April 2, 1973 2. Exports of agricultural products in­ wife was convinced that she had the Re­ creased sharply. The huge sale of wheat to sponsibility. Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, March the Soviet Union last fall took 25 percent of Then the health people got into the act. 25, 1973 was declared as "Welcome Home the crop. Poor weather abroad in several Women were told in somber tones to read Larry Stark Day" in Mount Greenwood, countries caused smaller crops at home and the labels on the fast food packages and m. The ex-prisoner-of-war returned more demand for U.S. food, and increased 10604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1978 demand for livestock products from abroad, Americans do not pay as much attention The 1968 federal gun control law banned and the devaluation of the dollar, which to a similar statistic which needs no interstate mail order sales of rifles; shotguns made our food exports cheaper, all contrib­ and all types of ammunition. It also banned uted to an all time record U.S. exports, up such "hol!l.tay weekends" to reach its in­ most over-the-counter sales to out-of-state 40 percent from the previous year. credible heights. residents. 3. Domestic food supplies were reduced. The Associated Press has just released The 1968 law also banned imports of cheap, Red meat production fell off a shade, freezes its most recent gun survey which demon­ small-caliber pistols, but a number of U.S. and bad weather at harvest damaged the strates that death by the gun has become firms sell "Saturday Night Specials" assem­ grain crops, and unseasonable weather and an even more common occurrence than bled locally from parts shipped in from over­ Hurricane Agnes hurt the fruits and vege­ it was 3 years ago. Then, better than seas. tables. 200 people a week were killed by hand­ Attempts to get tighter controls have falled The imposition of price ce111ngs on meat is in Congress. the latest of several moves by the Adminis­ guns. In the week of March 4 to 11 of In the latest AP gun death survey, Call­ tration to moderate food prices. The basic this year, 345 people were killed by the fornla reported the most deaths--42-during approach has been to increase production of discharge of guns. The fact that this the week. Next came Texas with 83, Michi­ agricultural products so that greater supply statistic includes accidental as well as gan 28, New York 25, llllnois 22, Ohio 19, Vir­ Will reach the market and bring down prices intentional firings takes little away from ginia 17, Louisiana 15, North Carolln& 14. through the law of supply and demand. Spe­ the fact that this is an alarming 40-per­ Georgia 12. Maryland and the District of clftc steps include: cent increase over the July 1969 survey. Columbia each had 5. sale of government grain stocks; Of California's 42 deaths, 20 were homi­ discontinuation of direct export subsidies Since the Associated Press article is cides and 22 were suicides. Michigan reported on agricultural products; only too clear in delivering its gruesome the most homicides--22, followed by New suspension of meat import restrictions; message, I would like to insert it in the York with 21, California 20, Texas 18, nu­ expansion of herds by permitting grazing RECORD as further proof of the need for nois 16, Ohio, 13, Georgia 13, Virginia 12, on idle lands; this Congress to finally take a clear stand Pennsylvania 10, Florida 9, Louisiana 9. efforts to free raltroad boxcars for trans­ for strict limitations on the use of guns, Eight states reported no gun deaths dur­ portation of grain; pistols, and rifles. I would hope that the ing the period: Colorado, Kentucky, Minne­ retention of price controls on food proc­ sota, Nevada, New Hampshire, Vermont, Wis­ essors, wholesalers, and retailers; House Judiciary Committee would seri­ consin and Wyoming. request for authority to suspend tarl:IIs and ously consider the various proposals that quotas on import of food; and have been introduced in this session of most importantly, adjustment of farm pro­ the Congress, including my bill, H.R. grams to encourage greater production of 3167, in order that we might greatly re­ REPORTS TO CONSTITUENTS grains and soybeans. duce the general accessibility of these WhUe I have supported the moves to in­ weapons and the slaughter on the streets crease agricultural· production, prompter ac­ which results from their use: HON. ROBERT PRICE tion would have eased the increase on con­ OF TEXAS sumer food prices. The major dlftlcultles in ABOUT 345 IN UNITED STATES KILLED BY GUNS the President's proposal are that extended IN 1 WEEK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES price controls wUl create shortages and dis­ In one week this month, 345 men, women Monday, April 2, 1973 tortions (so, hopefully, the period of imposi­ and chUdren in the United States were shot tion will be limited), and the inequities of to death. Some were the victims of armed Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, as the imposition of controls on meat products robbers, some were policemen killed in the part of my continuing effort to keep my whUe not imposing controls on other items. line of duty, some were shot during famUy constituents informed of my activities in Putting the price of food into broader per­ quarrels. the Congress, I wish to include in the spective may not help the famUy budget, but Other gun deaths were more bizarre: a RECORD at this point the text of my re­ it does provide a little comfort. Americans bartender machine-gunned as he sat in his enjoy the best food and spend a smaller per­ car at a Boston intersection, a teen-aged cent weekly Washington Reports: centage of their pay check-s for it than other couple executed as they kneeled by a sleeping WASHINGTON REPORT FROM CONGRESSMAN people (in 1947, Americans spent 25 percent bag in the Arizona desert. BOB PRICE of their pay check for food; in 1971, only 16.3 The 345 deaths, counted in an Associated MARCH 23, 1973. percent). While it takes the average Amer­ Press survey the week of March 4-11, repre­ This week in a letter to the Chairman of ican 6 minutes to earn a loaf of bread, it sented a 40 per cent increase over those the House Public Works Committee, Con­ takes a BrazUian 46 minutes and a Soviet counted in the last simUar survey four years gressman Bob Price expressed his support for citizen 12 minutes. It takes a Japanese ago. preserving the Federal Highway Trust fund worker 10 times as long to earn a pound of In each of three previous AP surveys, gun­ intact which has provided the chief source sirloin steak as an average American. More­ shot deaths totaled about 200: there were of money for the Federal Interstate Highway over, rising food prices are an international 199 in June 16-23, 1968; 192 in July 7-14, program since 1956. problem, with other industrialized countries 1968, and 206 in June 15-22, 1969. Price, who has worked with the Adminis­ reporting larger increases than in the U.S. The dates for the AP surveys were chosen tration in most areas took exception to a Elaborate studies have been made to deter­ at random. The first two were taken in the recent White House endorsement for di­ mine who is responsible for the big grocery wake of the assassination of Sen. Robert F. verting some highway trust fund monies for bUls, but the results are inconclusive. They Kennedy. The third came a year later after urban transit programs. Labeling a Senate do agree, however, that the American farmer passage of a federal gun control law. vote this past week to set aside portions of is not responsible because his share of the In the latest survey, 236 deaths were clas­ highway trust fund revenues for non-high­ food dollar dropped to 38 percent in 1971, his sified as homicides, 89 as suicides and 20 as way use a "mistake," Price told the House costs have risen sharply, and his amazing accidents. The total number of gunshot Public Works Chairman: productivity continues (in 1950, he provided deaths rose 40 per cent since the 1969 sur­ Han. JoHN A. BLATNIK, for himself and 15~ others; today, he pro­ vey-homicides climbed 44.5 per cent, sui­ Chairman, House Committee on Public duces enough for himself and 48 others). cides 33.7 per cent and accidental deaths 20 Works, Washington, D.C. per cent. DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: I am writing to ex­ The weapons included the small, cheap press my support for legislation to retain the handguns called "Saturday Night Specials" Federal Interstate Highway program as pres­ and often used in holdups, a father's re­ ently constituted. In behalf of my con­ ASSOCIATED PRESS SURVEY SHOWS volver in the hands of a curiam: infant, a stituents of the Thirteenth Congressional GUN DEATHS UP 40 PERCENT shotgun grabbed during a famUy quarrel. District of Texas who have written to me in In most states, there are no attempts to great numbers on this matter, I must oppose compUe comprehensive, statewide records of any attempt to divert highway trust fund HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI gun deaths until weeks or months after they monies for use in urban mass transit proj­ OF ILLINOIS occur. And in many cases, the type of weap­ ects. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on is not always listed t.mmedlately. At a time when more and more Americans But in the 345 gun deaths counted March are using the Comprehensive system of super­ Monday, April 2, 1973 4-11, at least 128---or 37.1 per cent--of the highways which are the direct result of the Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, weapons used were pistols. Handguns were far-sighted Highway Trust Fund established responsible for at least 41.4 per cent of the in 1956 for both commerce and recreation we often hear of the so-called "slaughter homicides, 25.8 per cent of the suicides, and purposes, we cannot afford to permit a diver­ on the highways'' and the accompanying 20.5 per cent of the accidental deaths. sion of the fund monies into areas for which statistics that show the unusually high Ten persons were kllled during holdups, they were not intended. There is today a tramc death tolls that accompany every and five robbery suspects were killed by considerable amount of discussion in sup­ long holiday weekend. Unfortunately, police. port of spending highway trust fund monies April 2, 197.3 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10605 for urban non-highway projects, and this is The United States Department of Agri­ tion, has since been moved back to his room being proposed as a cure for urban conges­ culture announced this week that farm in the general care ward of the hospital tion and decline. However, in my opinion, commodity exports will reach an all time where he continues to rest comfortably. quite the opposite is true. The answer lies high of $11 blllion during Fiscal Year 1973. Late Thursday, February 22, the House not in spending additional money to further This figure means a gain of $5 billion dur­ passed legislation, similar to that introduced attract our people to the large cities, but ing the last four years. These figures prove earlier this year by Congressman Price,· to rather to invest in the development of rural that agriculture is demonstrating that it is amend the Farmers Home Administration America. If people are to return to the farms one of our major growth industries .and Emergency Loan Program by a vote of 269 and small towns, one of the most essential re­ that it has the strength to produce adequate yeas to 95 nays. The blll as passed by the quirements must be the existence of a com­ food for nutritious American diets while House was a more expensive version of the prehensive, modern highway system by which shipping to major countries abroad at a Price legislation. If this legislation is enact­ goods and persons can be efficiently trans­ record pace. ed, the "grandfather" amendment attached ported and economic development encour­ With the return of our POW's from Viet­ to the bill Thursday will give all farmers aged and made feasible. nam, the controversy surrounding the ques­ and ranchers in Secretarially designated Your consideration of these views as you tion of .amnesty for draft evaders and desert­ disaster areas an 18 day period in which decide the future direction of the self-sus­ ers has once again come under extensive they may apply for 1 % disaster loans under taining Interstate Highway trust funds will debate. Despite the ending of American par_. the $5,000 forgiveness clause. Furthermore, bP greatly appreciated. ticipation in the Vietnam Conflict, Con­ this legislation provides for a 5% interest Sincerely, gressman Price has reiterated his belief that rate for those loans provided for under the BOB PRICE, the granting of wholesale amnesty would provisions of the Consolidated Farm and Member of Congress. undermine the respect for all law. Histor­ Rural Development Act. This legislation is ically, amnesty has been granted only under now awaiting further action by the Senate. MARCH 15, 1973. limited circumstances, and public opposi­ In a message to the Congress this week, tion toward granting amnesty to all desert­ FEBRUARY 16, 1973. President Nixon announced his intent to ers .and dra.ft dodgers is showing signs of During this week while the Congress is in submit to the Congress the Criminal Code being on the increase. recess in honor of Lincoln's Birthday, Con­ Reform Act aimed at providing a compre­ gressman Bob Price continues to make good hensive revision of existing Federal Crime MARCH 1, 1973. progress at Bethesda Naval Hospital where laws. This act proposes needed changes and Congressman Price this week announced he has been undergoing extensive testing closely reflects the thinking of the citizens the details of two appointments which he and treatment following a mild coronary of the 13th Congressional District who recog­ has received. Through a letter from House occlusion last week. Doctors have deter­ nize the need for more effective law enforce­ Minority Leader Gerald Ford, he was in­ mined that no complications have been ue­ ment and criminal prosecution. formed of his reappointment to the House tected and the Congressman is responding The need to reinstate the death penalty, Republican Policy Committee where he will well to treatment. Price is expected to remain the need to halt the frequency of criminal serve as one of seven Members-at-Large dur­ in the hospital for another two to three acts and the need to take positive action ing the 93rd Congress. As a member of the weeks before being released. against drug offenders are three of the most House Republican Policy Committee, the This week in one of his most strongly widely voiced views appearing in the letters Texas Congressman will work closely with worded letters to President Nixon, Congress­ received by Congressman Price. The Presi­ other members of the House leadership in man Bob Price expressed opposition to any dent's Criminal Code Reform Act would be conjunction with the White House to for­ plan or scheme to provide economic assist­ a step in the right direction toward restoring mulate and expedite the enactment of pro­ ance to North Vietnam as part of the peace respect for the law and bringing an end to posals as part of an overall legislative pro­ settlement. Price's office has received a tre­ the recent era of permissiveness. gram. In a separate announcement, Con­ mendous number of letters from concerned The Criminal Code Reform Act acknowl­ gressman Bob Price was also named to serve constituents who have registered their op­ edges the death penalty to be a valuable as a Member of Subcommittee Number one position to any plan for aid to North deterrent to crime and would dissuade in­ of the House Armed Services Committee, Vietnam. dividuals from taking the lives of others in whose major responsibility is legislation af­ The text of Congressman Price's letter to the course of committing another crime. As fecting programs of research and develop­ the President is as follows: proposed, the death penalty would be im­ ment for the Department of Defense. The PRESIDENT, posed for war-related treason, sabotage, espio­ Congressman Price's office is continuing to The White House, nage, and when the death of an innocent respond to corre<>pondence and inquiries Washington, D.C. person has been caused due to serious of­ arriving in the office daily from the Con­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am writing to ex­ fenses such as kidnaping and aircraft gressman's constituents. The Congressman, press my objection in the strongest of terms piracy. who is presently convalescing at Bethesda to any plan which would involve American The act also provides for stricter penalties Naval Medical Center outside of Washing­ financial or economic aid to the government for narcotic pushers. Under the new act ton, is receiving information about the vari­ of North Vietnam. heroin or morphine pushers would receive ous issues of concern to his constituents. Those of us in the Congress who have higher mandatory sentences with second of­ In recent days, a large volume of corre­ stood resolutely with you in opposition to fenders who are convicted of trafficking in spondence, much without return addresses the demands among various dissidents in more than four ounces of heroin or mor­ or names, has been received in Congress­ and out of the Congress for peace at any phine receiving a mandatory sentence of man Price's office concerning a proposal by price have done so because of our agreement life imprisonment without parole. Those a Veterans Administration official to lower with your staged premise that Americans charged with trafficking in heroin or mor­ the rating schedule for service-connected who have fought, died, and "paid a price" phine would also be denied pre-trial release. disability compensation. An inquiry by the to resist Communist aggression shall not have The President has also urged that marijus.na Congressman's office has revealed that Pres­ done so in vain. not be legalized. ident Nixon had no personal knowledge of After ten years of cruel war it would be It is time that the loopholes surround­ this proposal, nor had he authorized it to be unconscionable to lavish over two b1llion ing criminal acts are plugged-it is time to formally presented to the Congress. dollars of assistance upon a government insure that our laws and system of criminal Legislation has been introduced which which has been responsible for the deaths o! justice work, not only to insure the rights of will, if enacted, limit the authority of the over 50,000 Americans, hundreds o! thou­ the criminally accused, but also the rights Veterans Administration by freezing the sands of South Vietnamese, and has prac­ of society and the innocent victims of crime. service-connected disability compensation ticed the most sadistic and brutal forms of rating schedule as in existence in January, inhumanity and has scoffed at the most ele­ MARCH 9, 1973. 1973. This legislation will also make any mentary rules of civllization and human Congressman Bob Price returned to his proposed changes subject to the approval of decency. room in the general care section of Bethesda the Congress. It is true that the United States helped Naval Hospital this week. The Congressman, rebuild our former enemies o! Germany and who underwent additional testing and FEBRUARY 23, 1973. Japan at the close of World War II, but that treatment last week in the coronary unit, Congressman Bob Price continues to make was after the m1litaristic and dictatorial has recently been showing signs of im­ good progress toward recovery at Bethesda regimes of both nations were deposed. In provement and is conducting a limited Naval Hospital where he has been a patient North Vietnam today the same persons who amount of office business. for the past two and one half weeks. have attempted to defeat and humilate the The Congressman's office has recently been Doctors there report that additional com­ United States are stlll in control of the gov­ receiving many letters and petitions from prehensive testing and observation of Con­ ernment, and any attempt to buy or bribe citizens Nation-wide voicing their support gressman Bob Price over the past several days their friendship or cooperation is as doomed of his constitutional amendment which have revealed no eVidence of a heart attack to !allure as every other giveaway program would permit voluntary prayer in our Na­ or further cardiac damage following an this Nation has undertaken in the past. tion's classrooms. This blil has been re­ incident of chest pain Monday. Mr. President, I supported you in your bld ferred to the House Committee on the Judi­ The Congressman, who had been readmit­ for an honorable conclusion of the Vietnam ciary. ted to the coronary unit for further evalua- conflict. Let us not reward those who have 10606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 forced upon this Nation our darkest hour contain the names of two men who used to "I feel that the effects brought about through since the Civll War. Sir, my conscience wlll be my flying buddies during the Korean the discontinuance of this important pro­ not permit me to do this. Conflict. Soon I· hope to send the bracelets gram would be detrimental to the long range Respectfully, I have been wearing to these men who have preservation of our most vital human re­ BOB PRICE, constantly been in my thoughts as a small sources-namely our son, water and air." Member of Congress. expression of appreciation for their extraor­ Noting that the Rural Environmental As­ dinary service to our Nation. Others who sistance Program has worked effectively as FEBRUARY 8, 1973. have been wearing these bracelets Inight a FP.deral cost sharing program for conserva­ This week congressman Bob Price was ad­ wish to do the same. tion programs installed by farmers since the mitted to Bethesda Naval Hospital in Wash­ The cold-blooded and cowardly shooting 1930's, the Texas Congressman went on to ington for evaluation of an incident of chest and wounding of Senator John Stennis this mention some of the accomplishments made pain and discomfort. During the next ten week has touched off a new wave of de­ possible through this program: "REAP has days while the congress is in recess in honor mands for gun control legislation. It is s:1d enabled our farmers to do more to clean up of Lincoln's Birthday, the Congressman will that the Congress has, like an ostrich with and preserve our environment than any other undergo extensive testing and treatment pro­ its head in the sand, ignored the crime epi­ federally sponsored program. Through this cedures. As a result of several months of demic brought on by a decade of liberal, program our farmers have been able to pro­ strenuous activity involving an election cam­ perinissive leadership; but just as sad is the tect our son through the establishment and paign, the introduction and preparation of way in which the Congress is reacting to improvement of vegetative cover, strip-crop­ several new bills in the 93d Congress, trips the brutal assault of one of its own Mem­ ping practices, terracing, the re-seeding of to the new 13th Congressional District, and bers. Contrary to the plea of liberals whose marginal land, and cross fencing for grazing. the assumption of responsibilities as one of only solution is the confiscation of guns­ REAP has also provided for strides to be the few members named to serve on two "Let's get the guns off the streets" they made in the areas of sediment retention and major committees in the new Congress, d~c­ say-the time has come for a return to strict chemical runoff control, drainage, irrigation tors have detected evidence of extens1ve law enforcement and for the infusion of new and related practices and livestock water physical exhaustion requiring an undeter­ backbone in our courts and law enforcement utlliza.tlon and distribution on ranches. Inined period of rest and convalescence. system. Instead of getting the guns off the Through this program our farmers have also The office of Congressman Price wlll con­ streets, I believe what we really need is to been able to embark upon activities which tinue to operate on a full time basis and get the criminals off the streets. have slowed the spread of noxious brush and staff personnel will respond to constituent weeds, a.c.-"''unted for a major portion of our inquiries and needs until the Congressman JANUARY 24, 1973. reforestation program on private lands, returns to the office in the weeks ahead. This has been a truly historical week in helped aid wildlife conservation and in­ on February 7, legislation si~llar to that American history. Starting with ceremonies creased the development of recreational introduced by congressman Pr1ce to rein­ last Saturday to mark the reinauguration areas." state the Rural Environmental Assistance of President Nixon for a second term, citizens Price went on to state that it would be un­ Program was approved by a large majority everywhere were later stunned upon learning fair of us to demand America's farmers to vote in the House of Representatives. Price, of the untimely death of former President take on the burden of the conservation of as a Member of the House Agriculture Com­ Lyndon B. Johnson. our natural resources single-handed when it Inittee has in recent weeks met several times As a member of the Texas Congressional is evident that REAP has benefited not only with Agriculture Secretary Butz to discuss Delegation, it was my soleinn privilege to rural America, but our Nation as a whole. He and express his support for REAP, which has join in leading our Nation in ceremonies at added that it is not feasible at his time for been of great benefit to our Nation's farmers the Capitol rotunda to honor Mr. Johnson farmers to initiate and continue long range in conserving and protecting our land, air for his tireless service to the Nation and to programs without the aid of cost sharing and water resources. our State of Texas. initiatives provided by the Federal Govern­ The blll now goes to the Senate for action. It is ironic that President Johnson's death ment especially if we are to continue to feed congressman Price has continued to re­ should proceed by one day the marking of the starving mlllions abroad. ceive encouraging remarks concerning the another historic event and a cause for which "I am looking forward to the hearings three bills he has introduced this year which he labored so hard, the announcement of a which will soon be held on this matter by are designed to combat the energy crisis ceasefire in the Vietnam War. Americans the Committee on Agriculture of which I am by establishing a Councll on Energy Polley everywhere have been greatly relieved to hear a member and I am hopeful that the Admin­ and incentives to allow for the continuation this long-sought good news, and we can be istration wlll reconsider its action with re­ of exploration for our oil and gas reserves. thankful to both Presidents Nixon and John­ gard to this important program," Price con­ Price plans to seek the support of his col­ son that they showed great strength and de­ cluded. leagues in congress in the months ahead to termination to achieve an honorable peace. build up our Nation's energy supply thereby Perhaps the best news of all is that the wait­ JANUARY 4, 1973. decreasing our dependence on the importa­ ing and anxiety of the brave famllies and Congressman Bob Price announced early tion of these vital resources from other coun- friends of our Prisoners of War-Missing in today that he has joined with other Rep­ tries. Action wlll soon be at and end. resentatives in calling for a bipartisan caucus The legislative activities of the 93rd Con­ of all interested House Members to meet FEBRUARY 2, 1973. gress continued at a fast pace throughout this afternoon to discuss recent Administra­ This has been a busy week for the Com­ the week. While agreeing in principle with tion actions leading to the termination of mittee on Agriculture of which I am a Mem­ the President's efforts to hold down Federal certain programs within the Department of ber. on Thursday, the Committee approved spending, after much study and several con­ Agriculture. These programs include the 2% legislation to reinstate the Rural Environ­ ferences with the Secretary of Agriculture REA loan program, the Farmers Home Ad­ mental Assistance Program and sent this and other Members of Congress, I introduced ministration Emergency Loan Program for legislation to the House where it wlll be a blll to reinstate the Rural Environmental farmers hit by natural disasters, the Water voted on within the near future. As a spon­ Assistance Program which has proven over Bank program, and the Rural Environmental sor of a comparable bill to reinstate this the years to be of great benefit not only to Assistance Program. valuable Federal cost-sharing conservat~on agriculture, but also to the Nation in the "The purpose of this meeting," Price program I could not be more pleased Wlth areas of water and soil conservation. stated, "wlll be to find out what alternate the outdome of the Committee's decision. I With the energy situation in our country procedures could be worked out to allow for can only hope that the Congress will follow becoming more critical dally, I further sub­ budget control without destroying those on­ suit by approving this bill as soon as possible. mitted a blll similar to one I introduced last going programs which have proven of great Monday, February 5, brings another week year to establish a Council on Energy Polley. benefit not only to agriculture, but to the of meetings for the Committee on Agricul­ It is my hope that the Congress will act Nation as a whole in the areas of water and ture. During this time hearings will be held quickly on this legislation in order to estab­ soil conservation." on legislation I recently introduced to re­ lish a means to systematically arrive at so­ Price wlll also be joining the other Mem­ store the Farmers Home Administration lutions to the fuel shortage crisis which has bers of the House Agriculture Committee to­ emergency loan program which has proven crippled communities across the Nation this morrow in meeting with the Secretary of to be invaluable to the farmers in our dis­ winter. Agriculture to discuss this matter at fur­ trict and the nation who have been hard hit ther length. "I am hopeful these meetings by extremely bad weather conditions during JANUARY 23, 1973. will lead to a satisfactory solution for all the last several years. It is anticipated that Today Congressman Bob Price introduced concerned," Price said. the Agriculture Committee will once again legisla.tion which, 1f enacted, will require the WASHINGTON, D.C., act quickly to approve this legislation and Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the pro­ send it to the House Floor for further action. visions of the existing law providing for the JANUARY 3, 1973. This has been a week in which Americans authorization and funding of the Rural En­ Immediately upon the convening of the have rejoiced over seeing the names of those vironmental Assistance Program. "Whlle I new 93rd Congress today, Congressman Bob POW's who will soon be returning to their agree in principle with and applaud the Price introduced several bllls dealing with homes. For the last several years I have been President's efforts to keep Federal expendi­ a variety of important issues for considera­ wearing two of the POW bracelets which tures within reasonable limtts," Price stated, tion, including: April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10607 A Constitutional Amendment to permit buffed on his ludricrous demands relating Mustangs of Bladensburg High School as voluntary prayer in the Nation's classrooms to the canal, I believe that he and his co­ they defeated Bethesda-Chevy Chase and other public buUdings. horts should be rebuffed on their mad­ High School in the Maryland class AA A Constitutional Amendment setting min­ basketball championship. I would like imum attendance requirements for Members cap scheme on behalf of Castro. of Congress-failure to be present and voting This agitation by a small number of to take this opportunity to commend on at least 70% of recorded yea and nay Marxists and other extremists to admit Coach Roy Henderson and his assistant votes would result in the dismissal from of­ the revolution-exporting Castro regime Ernie Welch for their outstanding coach­ fice of a delinquent Congressman. to the Organization of American States ing ability and their dedication to the A Constitutional Amendment to prohibit should be resisted here in the Congress game of basketball. I extend my con­ deficit spending by the Federal Government and by our State Department. gratulations to all the fine athletes on except in time of war or national emerge;ncy, I believe that a very sound view of this this team who displayed a great deal of and to require a retirement of the National Debt over a one hundred year period. entire issue was eloquently expressed in a courage while playing under pressure. A bill to abolish the limitation on outside resolution adopted by the American Le­ These players include: Frank Foster, income for social security beneficiaries over gion at its 54th annual national conven­ Kurt Schumacher, Waverly Evans, Kel­ the age of 65. tion in Chicago last year. vin Combs, Donald Foster, Toney Pulley, A bill to provide tax credits for expendi­ I include the text of this resolution to Brian Ball, Steve Ambrose, Tyrone tures made in the exploration and develop­ be printed in the RECORD at this point: Braxton, Bruce Buckley, Darryll Ritter, ment of new reserves of oil and gas in the RESOLUTION No. 3 Dan Smith, and Charles Hall. And to the United States. A bUl to establish a Council on Energy Committee: Foreign Relations. team managers, Donald Worley, Roger Policy to advise the Congress and the Presi­ Subject: Cuba. McDaniels, Randy Colbert, Jay Porter, dent in the formation and execution of a Whereas, since 1960 each annual national and Terry Randolph, I wish to commend national energy policy to meet the future convention of The American Legion has urged them in their efforts in helping to bring needs of the United States. the Government of the United States to take the Maryland class AA basketball cham­ A bill to modify the Delaney Amendment to whatever action may be necessary to free the pionship to Bladensburg High School. the Federal Food and Drug Act to permit Cuban nation from communist domination; the use of DES in animal feeds when residues and Whereas, United States public policy as from such use may be present in inconse­ A HELPING HAND REMEMBERED quential and harmless amounts. proclaimed in Public Law 87-733, effective A bill to reestablish November 11th for October 3, 1962, calls for the prevention of the the annual observance of Veterans Day in export of aggression or subversion by Cuba. the United States. to any part of this hemisphere; the preven­ tion of the creation in Cuba of an externally HON. L. A. (SKIP) BAFALIS A bUl to modify the inheritance tax laws OF FLORIDA applicable to farmers, ranchers, businessmen supported military capab1lity endangering and other property owners. the United States; and cooperation with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Organization of American States and with "I believe the 93rd Congress has a great Monday, April 2, 1973 challenge ahead-we have an opportunity to freedom-loving Cubans to support the aspira­ take up the unfinished business of the past tion of the Cuban people for self-determina­ Mr. BAFALIS. Mr. Speaker, the num­ and to enact responsible new legislation to tion; and ber of U.S. servicemen helped by the meet the pressing needs of the American Whereas, efforts to attain these objectives have been weak, indecisive and ineffective; American Red Cross over the years must people. As the Representative of the new and · be legion. 13th Congressional District of Texas, I shall Unfortunately, it is a human failing to vigorously attempt to promote the views of Whereas, Castro has been active in orga­ all of my constituents in the Congress and to nizing Communist operations in Latin Amer­ slowly lose the memory of a helping hand seek legislative action in those areas which ican countries; and once the need is gone. meet with their needs," Price said. Whereas, Castro has been collaborating Not so with one Vietnam veteran, with the U.S.S.R. in the establishment of Peter Bordonali of Fort Pierce, Fla. Military bases in Cuba; and Whereas, Castro now indicates a desire to He was helped. But he remembers. reestablish commercial relations with the And now he helps others. RESOLUTION NO. 3 U.S.A.; now, therefore, be it For that reason, I recommend to all Resolved, by The American Legion in Na­ the following story published in the tional Convention assembled in Chicago, llli­ .March 25, 1973, edition of the Fort HON. GENE SNYDER nois, August 22, 23, 24, 1972 that we reaffirm JPierce News-Tribune: OF KENTUCKY our position and reiterate our call to the FP VIETNAM WAR VET REPAYING RED CROSS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government of the United States to set up an effective political action program, in­ Drafted and only three months into a Monday, April 2, 1973 dividually or through the Organization of year-long Vietnam stint in 1969, Fort American States, to eliminate the Castro Pierce's Peter Bordonali, 24, was mowed Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on Aprll 4 down by an enemy rocket, suffering a trau­ this year the Organization of American communist regime in Cuba; and be it further Resolved, that, until this objective is matic amputation of the left leg. States will begin meeting here in Wash­ achieved, all United States political and eco­ Bordonali can recall the incident matter­ ington. At that meeting an attempt will nomic relations with Cuba remain suspended, of-factly today, but what he recalls the most probably be made by a handful of Castro and that economic and military aid to other about the incident and subsequent hos­ sympathizers to have the Castro regime member nations of the Organiz:-.tion of pitalization, is "the Red Cross did me a admitted to the OAS. American States which unilaterally break the great service." Mr. Speaker, only a scant four out of existing trade embargo on Cuba be termi­ "All the time, the Red Cross was at my nated; and be it finally bedside making sure I was comfortable, all the Latin American countries pres­ helping to keep me from mental collapse, ently recognize Castro-Mexico, Pan­ Resolved, that The American Legion recom­ mends that diplomatic relations not be re­ and bringing me hobbies to work with my ama, Chile, and Peru. It would be folly hands, keeping my mind occupied. to admit to the OAS a government which established until the Cuban Government "The Red Cross brought me other than stops its efforts to establish and perpetuate Army food-ice cream. The Red Cross did has repeatedly demonstrated its unwill­ Communist activities in the Western Hemi­ ingness to engage in peaceful coopera­ and does a tremendous service to all sol­ sphere. diers," Bordonali stated. tion. As the U.S. Ambassador to the It was during the days and weeks of United Nations, John Scali, said at the hospitalization that Bordona.li observed the recent Security Council charade in Pan­ BLADENSBURG F.ITGH BASKETBALL faithful Red Cross workers and it was in a ama: CHAMPIONS hospital bed that he decided he had to repay Cuba brought the sanctions on itself by the Red Cross. exporting revolution. When it stops that, the "In the hospital bed the thought occurred sanctions will be lifted. to me that I had to find some way to repay HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN the Red Cross. As soon as I was released, I At that same Security Council session, OF MARYLAND made it my business to contact the Red Panamanian strongman Gen. Omar IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cross," he explained. Torrijos, in a bitterly anti-American ti­ His first actual contact with Red Cross rade, tied the Panama Canal question to Monday, April 2, 1973 service came last year with the murderous the admission of Castro's clique to the Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, Saturday, tornadoes that ripped through Okeechobee, OAS. Just as General Torrijos was re- March 17, 1973, was a proud day for the taking the lives of several mobile home 10608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 residents whose homes were shredded apart also contains a number of controversial cocks back his head announcing that The by the twisters' strong winds. and provocative provisions. There are Major has arrived. "I went to Okeechobee then because they sections dealing with such sensitive mat­ "There's only one Major," he declares. "I'm needed help and I decided it was now or The Major and there's only one." never. I've been working as a volunteer ters as: First, the insanity defense; sec­ The .regulars laugh and return to their with the Red Cross ever since," Bordonali ond, the death penalty; third, the dis­ drinks. Others try to ignore him. said. closure of classified information; and "Any stamps to sell?" the bartender asks. This month is National Red Cross month. fourth, mandatory minimum sentences The Major leans forward and enters into a "Be a good neighbor. Help the good neigh­ for drugpushers. Despite my reserva­ brief, inaudible huddle with the tavern­ bor. Give," the organization's slogan begs. tions over the bill's more controversial keeper. "We want to tell the people we're here proposals, I decided to cosponsor this After a few minutes the two men move to to help them. People aren't really aware of legislation as evidence of my support for a less populated part of the tavern. They what we're doing and since this is National motion two customers to join them. Red Cross month, we want to tell them," general Federal criminal law revision. The customers are reporters for The Bordonali said. This is a large and complex document, Milwaukee Sentinel-but The Major doesn't He is the chairman of the Red Cross dis­ and one that must be given considerable know that. aster preparedness committee, and in that scrutiny by the judiciary committees "You wanna buy some stamps?" asks The capacity he works at the Red Cross head­ and the entire Congress. Hopefully, these Major, grasping the bar to regain his equllib­ quarters answering the telephone, doing deliberations will be underway shortly. rium. telephone contacts, and delivering disaster They should provide an excellent forum "Sure," says one of the reporters. "How books to various organizations. many have you got?" He has also seen to it that the Red for discussing what a modern, progres­ "Here's $10 worth," he says, pulling out a Cross headquarters on N. Seventh Street sive criminal justice system should en­ booklet of five $2 food stamps. "I'll take $8." has a complete citizens band radio outfit. compass. Now the reporters huddle, Bordonali and 15 CB operators make up "That's too much," a reporter decides. the disaster preparedness committee. "Here's $7-you're still making a profit." "These men are ready, able and equipped "Don't tell me about profit!" growls the to handle any emergency for the Red Cross. WELFARE SCANDAL-VI food stamp king. we can set up immediate communications "$7.50," the reporter offers. between any disaster zone and the Amer­ The Major is tempted but not convinced. ican Red Cross," Bordonali explained. HON. VERNON W. THOMSON "$7.50 and a beer," says the reporter. "That's the top offer." The team, in addition to manning the OF WISCONSIN communication lines, is also responsible for "Sold!" search and rescue, maintaining and supply­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The money is exchanged for the food ing emergency shelters, and in overseeing Monday, April 2, 1973 stamps. the operations at the shelters. The bartender pours the food stamp king "The men are here for community service Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. a beer and-having made a quick, profitable to work with the Red Cross. They have Speaker, there has been a lot of talk in sale--The Major orders a round of drinks donated time and the CB equipment for the media and among the Members of for the house. the use of the Red Cross," Bordonall said. Congress over the desirability of closing A few regulars toast The Major. Working with Bordonali are Don Brown, loopholes in our laws which undermine Everyone drinks up and The Major waves Red Cross coordinator; Ronnie Anderson, the original purposes of legislation en­ at the reporters as they leave. assistant coordinator; Ronald Morahan, Ed It's easy to buy food stamps in Milwaukee Powell, Earl Stroud, Earl Cordary, Matt acted by the Congress. Not only in the County. Taverns are the most common place Schneider, Ed Hutchison, Ed Dunn, Roy Hall, tax code, but in our welfare legislation is to buy them, although, according to some Doyle McPeak, Jim McDonald, Jerry Dub­ this a pervasive concern. caseworkers, stamps are freely sold by clients berly and Victor Bryan. Our welfare system is a continuing on the sidewalks outside the Mllwaukee "I would like for the community to know monument to the Congress' inability to County Welfare Center at N. 12th and w. that these men are interested in donating design legislation to handle social prob­ Vliet sts. their time to the Red Cross and we hope lems. The present system has not only [The food stamp program 1s a federal that will interest others in Red Cross work. program administered through the county We need volunteers," Bordonali pleaded. perpetuated dependence of the needy on welfare department.] He also noted that without funding from society, but has extended that depend­ Buying and selling stamps is a federal the United Fund and without other dona­ ence from generation to generation. Fur­ offense. But that doesn't hamper pros like tions from the community, "The Red Cross ther, it has generated a class of criminals "The Major" or others like the man who can't operate. I also have to stress we need whose existence depends completely on sold the same two reporters a $5 food stamp bodies, too. We can't operate without volun­ the continuance of our ineffective maze in a tavern one night, teers and donations." of welfare programs. "How much you wanna offer?" asked the Bordonali is married and has a four month The past week or so, I have inserted man. old son. He and his family live at 3400 Ave. G. daily into the RECORD installments of a "Three dollars," answered a reporter. series run recently in the Milwaukee "Make it $4," insisted the man. Sentinel exposing the fraud, waste, and BID ACCEPTED failure of the Milwaukee County Welfare "$3.50," bid the reporter. REASONS FOR COSPONSORING THE Department. Estimates of the slippage "Sold!" CRIMINAL CODE REFORM ACT A Milwaukee bartender told reporters that run as high as 20 cents on the dollar. he has some of his customers buy his Today's installment deals with the groceries. HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. widespread illegal bartering in Federal "I haven't gone into a grocery store in food stamps and other in-kind disburse­ years," said the bartender. "My customers OF NEW YORK ments made by the welfare department. trade me food stamps for drinks. Then they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is clear that the program is not operat­ go and shop for me." Monday, April 2, 1973 ing as designed by the Congress. Too They'll also trade bus tickets for drinks. The Milwaukee County Welfare Department Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, on March 22, often, at least in this example, the food gives out the tickets to clients. They're valid I joined with a number of my very able stamps are not used to secure wholesome on all Transport Co. buses. colleagues on the House Judiciary Com­ and nutritious food for needy families, The department pays full fare--50 cents mittee as a cosponsor of the Criminal but are sold at a discount for cash or for adults-for each ticket. bartered for liquor. In November and December of 1972, the Code Reform Act of 1973-H.R. 6046. The The article follows: welfare department was spending from need to reform and simplify Federal $1,600 to $4,700 a week for bus tickets bought criminal laws is almost universally con­ ''MAJOR" SELLS FOOD STJ(MPS (By Gene CUnningham and Stuart Wllk) from the Transport Co. ceded by the legal community and is And the clients trade them freely for long overdue. There is no question but They call him "The King of the Food drinks. that a rational, integrated code is needed Stamps." They also call him "The Major." Almost any night he'll amble into a North One night, as reporters watched, a cus­ if we are to properly respond to the chal­ Side tavern-soiled clothes hanging loosely tomer pleaded with a bartender to accept a lenges of crime in 20th century America. over a bulky frame--a broad grin on his face bus ticket for a 35 cent shot of whisky. As my colleagues in the House know, and government food stamps in his pockets. "I'll give you a dime," barked the bar­ however, this administration-backed bill He pounds the bar, demands a beer and tender. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10609 The customer stared blankly. Congress for this extension despite the fact Is OEO "REALLY" BEING DISMANTLED? "Ah, get outa here," the bartender shouted. that the report submitted by the engineers (By Allan C. Brownfeld) "You're a. bum. Get outa. here." who were authorized and instructed to make Washington is embroiled in a passionate The customer put the single bus ticket a. feasibility study concluded that the West controversy over the future of the Office of back in his pocket and shuffled out the door. Front could be and should be restored. It is Economic Opportunity which, rhetoric aside, puzzling to me that the findings of this re­ has generally failed in its appointed task of BOOMING BUSINESS port should be rejected when, insofar as I "He's a. dirty wino," the bartender told a. assisting the poor to make meaningful and know, no one has contended that these find­ productive lives for themselves. reporter. "What do I need his lousy bus ings were not accurate appraisals of the situ­ While many in the Congress proclaim the ticket for?" ation. alleged "success" of O.E.O., they seem not to The bartender does a. booming bus ticket The following facts represent my under­ have listened to the counsel of black lead-ers business, he explained. He has a. cigar box standing of the present situation: . who, it seeins, are more conc-erned about real­ that, on some occasions, is overflowing with 1. The restoration of the West Front is ly solving probleins than producing a con­ tickets stamped "DPW"-Department of practical from both engineering and eco­ stituency of voters in return for federal Public Welfare. He gets them in exchange noinic standpoints. hand-outs which solve no probleins at all. for drinks. 2. The proposed extension of the West Bayard Rustin, director of the A. Philip One night the bartender told the Front will create additional facilities at a. Randolph Institute of New York, said that reporters: cost which cannot be justified inasmuch as O.E.O.is an "immoral bag of tricks" amount­ "You want a. welfare bus ticket? Have one equivalent facilities can be provided else­ ing to a "new form of slavery." He stated on me." where at much lower costs. that, "The problem for Negroes and Puerto He tossed a. single bus ticket over the bar. 3. The preservation of the last remaining Ricans and poor whites ... is that Amer­ Sometimes he'll hold "Sunday night spe­ facade of the main Capitol Building is im­ ica has no comtnitment to turn muscle power cials" to· clear out his bus ticket inventory portant as safeguarding a. part of our archi­ into skills." at cut rate prices. tectural and historic heritage. How can our Rustin expressed the view that simply giv­ Recently the bartender sold a. reporter six heritage be equated with the need for a cer­ ing people a. "dole" without asking them to bus tickets for $2. They are worth $3 at face tain number of square feet of new office work and helping them to attain skills is no value. space? answer to the real problem. The hopelessness The bartender said to come back "any Viewing the alternatives from an econoinic and futility remain, what has been called time." There are always bus tickets--or food standpoint, I see the following: "the psychology of poverty." Unless this psy­ stamps-to be had, he said. 1. For less than $4,000,000, the West Front chology is changed, government programs Some customers will sell welfare depart­ can be restored. such as those initiated by the Kennedy and ment vouchers if they can find a taker, the 2. For less than $25,000,000, new office space Johnson Administrations, and promulgated bartender said. The voucher iS made out to can be provided elsewhere. during the first four years of the Nixon Ad­ the recipient but some stores don't check 3. For $60,000,000, the West Front can be ministration, provide only a tra.nquili.rer and identification. extended to provide the needed additional not a cure. In many instances, these pro­ Recently a bartender said, a. $70 voucher space. grains have made probleins worse. was sold at his tavern for about $25. There's This Yankee horse trader knows which When President NiXon appointed Howard always a lot of action here," said the bar­ hoss he likes best: the old strong mare who Phillips, a bright and articulate young man, tender. needs a bit of attention from the veteri­ to "dismantle" O.E.O. the political debate [The food stamps and bus tickets pur­ narian; not the showy and expensive mare began. In his appearance before the House chased by reporters were not used. They are who has been sired by a donkey and whose Subcomtnittee on Equal Opportunities, being returned to the Milwaukee County foal may be large, probably ugly, and cer­ Phillips was, in effect, threatened by Black Welfare Department. No expenditure of wel­ tainly not productive. Congressman William Clay of Missouri. Clay fare department funds was involved in this I hope you agree. at one point berated Phillips about a small project.] Cordially, American flag in the lapel of his suit. "Let STEPHEN P. TRACY. me tell you what poor people think of that flag," he said. "They think their part of the WEST FRONT EXTENSION: LARGE, flag is the stick upside of their heads." UGLY, NOT PRODUCTIVE Clay declared that a confrontation in the PRESIDENT'S BUDGET AND THE streets "surely will come this sumtner" if the poor are abandoned and he reininded HON. JAMES C. CLEVELAND POOR Phillips of the recent New Orleans incident in 1which a black sniper was finally killed OF NEW HAMPSHIRE aft-er murdering a number of innocent by­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH standers. If a lesson was not learned from Monday, April 2, 1973 OF WISCONSIN that episode, Clay said, "Baby, I think this country is lost." Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At this point Phillips, maintaining an ex­ always a pleasure to receive an expres­ Monday, April 2, 1973 traordinary calm in the face of such an at­ tack, declared: "Let me express the most sion of informed opinion from one's con­ Mr. FROEHLICH. Mr. Speaker, many stituents when taking a position on a profound kind of concern for the statement recent reports in the news media have you just made." Clay responded that he matter of some controversy. And as we conveyed the impression that the Nixon didn't understand such big words, and Phil­ gear up to repel another architectural administration, by dismantling the Of­ lips responded that, "I know what you're assault on the Capitol-extension of the fice of Economic Opportunity, have for­ talking about and I don't care for it." west front-it is particularly reassuring saken the poor and decided to stop all The level of Congressional debate over tnat­ to see that the word is getting around the future funds from going to help the ters of national importance seeins to have country. poor. deteriorated to a new low when a member of A great deal has been said and written · Congress can hold up a sniper who has mur­ In actuality, the President's budget in dered innocent people as an example for the on the subject. But the following letter 1974 calls for a greater expenditure for nation, and who threatens violence if his from Stephen P. Tracy, an architect in the poor than ever before. I am especially own position is not adopted. If the Congress Cornish, N.H., poses the issue with an pleased that programs to assist Indians seeks to censme behavior which brings dis­ economy of language and sense of style have been increased by some $9.7 million. repute to the whole democratic process, Wil­ we would do well to emulate in disposing Hence, there are clearly two sides to the liam Clay should be one of its first candidates of the matter: debate on OEO, and the administration's for consideration. Hon. JAMES C. CLEVELAND, Rep. Frank Thompson of New Jersey per­ U.S. House of Representatives, side deserves wider dissemination. formed in a manner equally to the discredit Washington, D.O. I ask unanimous consent that the fol­ of the democratic process. When Phillips DEAR JIM: The purpose of this letter is to lowing article by Allan C. Brownfeld testified that O.E.O. employes had been act­ solicit your continued opposition to a pro­ from the March 8, 1973, issue of Roll Call ing illegally by placing themselves in the posed extension of the West Front of the be printed in the RECORD. This article position of working, in a partisan political Capitol Building, and to thank you for your tnanner, for candidates for public office, for provides some good information on what registering voters, and for doing other things vote last year to prohibit construction on this is happening to some of the programs project at least until a feasibility study has clearly prohibited by law, Rep. Thompson been prepared. presently funded under OEO, and I think replied, in effect, that some laws are made to It iS my understanding that efforts are that this information should be dissemi- be broken. again being made to secure the approval of nated to the public. What is unfortunate is that men such as 10610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April .2, 1973 Reps. Clay and Thompson, and the thousands NOT A DOLLAR MORE of "poor people" who marched in a.n effort poses. I am against handing over one to intimidate Congress with the threat of dollar more on the sound grounds that violence if they did not have their way, seem HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS we sorely need every one of our dollars not to understand is that O.E.O. is not really here at home. being dismantled at all. Conservatives seem OF PENNSYLVANIA not to understand this fact either, for they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are hailing current Administration efforts a.s Monday, April 2, 1973 if a. real dismantlement were in process. Even TRIBUTE TO MRS. MATTIE RAMSEY O.E.O. Chief Phillips himself admits that Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, recent re­ BROWN he does not know where current policy is ports from Manila are that President really leading. Ferdinand E. Marcos has crushed the Consider a. few facts. The war on poverty Maoist insurgency in the southern was never a. single, centralized program. It Philippine province of Mindanao and HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. included a number of programs: the Job OF MICHIGAN Corps, Operations Hea.dstart and Follow now is ready to get moving on his prom­ Through, Vista. (Volunteers In Service To ised land reform program-with, of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America.), Community Action Agencies, Legal course, Uncle Sam's financial help. Monday, April 2, 1973 services for the poor, Neighborhood health Scripps Howard Writer Alan Horton centers, and Programs for Indians and for said in a dispatch the other day that Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, it is a migrant and seasonal farm workers. Manila speculation is that the United privilege for me to take this time to honor In his budget for the 1974 fiscal year, Pres­ States will provide from $200 to $300 a friend and neighbor who has done so ident NiXon cut out the Office of Economic million which President Marcos needs much for the children in her community. Opportunity. It is this central office which is On March 30, of this year the State of being "dismantled." for his program immediately. The whole The only O.E.O. program which the Ad­ thing is estimated conservatively to cost Michigan, and Detroit in particular, will ministration is prepared to eliminate is that $1 billion. So more from us obviously will lose an invaluable educator and civic of Community Action agencies. The fact is, be expected later. leader when Mrs. Mattie Ramsey Brown however, that there are now 907 such agen­ But why, when we have poured bil­ steps down as the executive director of cies employing more than 180,000 people and lions into the Philippines over the last Michigan's first cooperative nursery spending about 1.2 billion dollars of federal 75 years, must we now be called upon to school. Her retirement, as executive di­ money a year-a. third of which came from pay the lion's share of the Marcos' land rector, will be a great loss to those of us O.E.O. communities which want to continue who had the pleasure and privilege of those agencies beyond June 30. These com­ reform? What of other nations? What munities wlll have the opport unity to con­ about prosperous Japan with its growing knowing her and working with her. tinue such agencies at their own expense stake in the Philippines' market? Ac­ Mrs. Brown is the founder and execu­ and, testified Ph11lips, with funds from other cording to Mr. Horton, Japan has heeded tive director of the Peter Pan Nursery in federal sources-such as revenue sharing President Marcos' call only to the extent Detroit. She was born in Floster, Miss., funds. so far of a $75 million loan. and graduated from Alcorn College with Legal services for the poor, another pro­ Surely, our country has enough do­ a bachelor of science degree. She served gram which conservatives have been criticiz­ as head of the home economics depart­ ing for many years because of its deep in­ mestic problems begging for money to volvement in politics and in the unethical occupy it without taking on the funding ment at Mississippi Industrial College practice of stirring up litigation, will not be of a Philippines' land distribution. The previously having attended Tuskegee In~ eliminated a.t all. Instead, the NiXon Admin­ Marcos idea is to enable 650,000 rice and stitute in Alabama and Hampton Insti­ istration is planning to propose legislation corn farmers to buy their own farms and tute in Virginia. She continued her child to set up a new agency to conduct this pro­ pay for them at liberal terms out of fu­ development studies at Wayne State Uni­ gram. ture harvests. Our money is to pay off versity and at the Merrill-Palmer In­ If conservatives who are pleased and lib­ stitute in Detroit. Later she served as a erals who are aghast are sincere in their present land owners. In other words, we feelings, they should understand that the are to subsidize the transaction with youth supervisor for the National Youth programs previously being conducted by our $200 to $300 million now-and more Administration. later. During her career, Mrs. Brown has been O.E.O. are not being disman tled. 1 Community Economic Development is to be It seems to me that we have plenty honored on numerous occasions for her shifted to the Office of Minority Business of tenant farmers in our country who devotion and leadership in education and Enterprise in the Commerce Department. Its like to buy land on terms so generous civic affairs. A few of the organizations funding will be increased by 2.6 million dol­ and at prices so below market that hefty which have bestowed honors upon her lars. Health and nutrit ion program s, includ­ are, her sorority, Zeta Phi Beta the Mer­ ing the neighborhood health centers, will go public subsidies would be needed. I am to H.E.W. Programs for Indians will also be for helping Americans first, if we are to rill-Palmer Association of Metropolitan put under HEW, with spendin g to go up by help anyone. The family farm concept Detroit where she is an alumni board 9.7 millions. Aid to migrant and seasonal needs as much encouragement here as it member, the Greater Macedonia Baptist farm workers Will be continued by the Labor does in the Philippines. Church, and the Michigan Association of Department with a. requested appropriation The point of the Philippines plan to Colored Women's Club. of 40 million dollars-up from 36.3 million. In 1937 with the help of a few dedi­ The Job Corps, one of O.E.O.'s notable fail­ us is this. It shows that not only this far ures, was transferred by the Nixon Admin­ Pacific country, but a great part of the cated friends, a small amount of capital, istration to the Labor Department in 1969. world still seems to be looking to the determination, and vision Mrs. Brown The Neighborhood Youth Corps also went to American taxpayer as the target for any founded the Peter Pan Nursery. From the -the Labor Department while the Headstart easy touch on any supposedly "reform" ·beginning she received continuous in­ program and the Follow Through program scheme that can be concocted. Let a spiration and support from her loving were shifted to H.E.W. In 1971, the VISTA regime get inti? trouble with its people, husband, Louis Earl Brown, Sr. and her program was put-along wit h the Peace or a new one nse to power on a platform only son Louis, Jr. Corps-into a combined group known as The alumni and friends of Detroit's ACTION. of grandiose promises, and the American If the Nixon Administration really wanted becomes the money well to be tapped for Peter Pan Nursery will gather at the to "dismantle" O.E.O. it might have made what is believed needed. Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel on March 30 for some steps in that direction during its first We sh?uld have had enough of this by a dinner honoring Mrs. Brown. The event four years. It did not. Now, it seems to be now, w1th our Federal deficits still will be a double celebration, observing "dismantling" in words, while continuing in menacing and our trade balances per­ not only the 36th anniversary but a mort­ deeds. Perhaps it is seeking to keep conserva­ sisting against us, and the Philippines gage burning for the school as well. tives happy, just as they are kept happy by case could afford the means of demon­ telling them we are "strong," despite the Because of her great love for her com­ SALT agreements which deteriorate our de­ strating this fact. We have given that munity and her continuing interest in fense, and are "fiscally sound," despite un­ nation enormous sums and still have it the development of preschool facilities I precedented deficits. They have bought such on our foreign aid list this fiscal year am happy that Mrs. Brown will continue bills of goods before, and the O.E.O. "dis­ to a total of $160 million, none of which, as a consultant to the school which grew mantlement," unfortunately, seems to be incidentally, is to go for the Marcos land and succeeded because of a beautiful, de­ another. reform. All is earmarked for other pur- termined and wonderful woman. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10611 "THE EDUCATION THAT CAN'T environmental education projects sponsored having the services of one of the Nation's WAIT," WAITS by community groups. best Veterans' Administration regional The language of the Environmental Edu­ directors, Odell W. Vaughn. cation Act is strikingly broad in scope and intent, and admindstrative pronouncements Now, Vaughn, a disabled combat vet­ HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. have re-emphe.sized. that breadth. Yet the eran with 26 years of VA service, is leav­ OF CALIFORNIA executioners of the program are now claiming ing Florida. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it is too narrow and categorical--and thus But there is no dismay among Florida inconsistent with the Administration's "New veterans. Their sense of loss is more than Thursday, March 29, 1973 Federalism." In May, 1971 Marland described offset by the knowledge that Vaughn is Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I the program this way: coming to Washington to serve as Chief Environmental education can be the core, of the VA Department of Veterans Bene­ would like to call to the attention of the the unifying concept around which Office of House one more example of the Presi­ Education categorical grants can be coalesced fits. dent's unilateral termination of a pro­ into a modern educational response to the As such, he will administer nearly $9 gram recently authorized and funded by environmental/ecological crisis. billion in programs, ranging from GI Congress. This involves the Environmen­ Does that sound like a description of a bill education and training to GI home tal Education Act enacted into law on narrow categorical program? loans to pension and insurance. He will October 30, 1970, and for which this If anything, in fact, some environmen­ head a department with some 17,000 em­ year's estimated expenditure was $3.180 talists have criticized the program for having ployees and 57 regional offices. been too broad in the past, for having stressed I am certain he will do an excellent million. the creation of an "environmental ethic" so An editorial appearing in the March vague and general e.s to risk obscuring spe­ job. 17 issue of Environmental Action writ­ c11lc environmental substance and skills. Last A 1972 nominee for the "Handicapped ten by Bickley S. Dodge, discusses the year's environmental education grantees, for Federal Employee of the Year" award, recent division of the administration to example, spent 30 percent of their resources Vaughn has received the VA's superior completely terminate the program: on subjects not even covered by the act, and performance award six times in his ca­ less tha.n 10 peroent eaoh on resource deple­ reer. He is rated among the best of the "THE EDUCATION THAT CAN'T WArr," tion, transportation, technology and popula­ WArrs VA's regional managers. tion, according to a recent survey by Friends . A native of Greenville, S.C., Vaughn (By Bickley R. Dodge) of the Earth. There is encouraging evidence Two years ago, U.S. Education Commis­ of greater substantive focus this year. In any enlisted in the Army in World War II sioner Sidney Marland coined a new slogan case, the program's focus could tighten up and took part in three invasions with the when he labeled environmental education much further before it could accurately be 178th Field Artillery Brigade. He lost "the education that cannot wait." His slo­ described as a "n&rrow categorical program." both legs late in the war while trying to gan has become only one of many bitter The otllcial critics' final argument is that rescue a comrade-in-arms who lay ironies that have plagued the program from the environmental education program has wounded on a minefield. He won the the beginning. Today, environmental edu­ failed anyway, and therefore deserves to die. Silver Star for this gallant effort. cation is not only stlll waiting, it appears The program has been subject to internal to be in imminent danger of total extinction bureauoratlc delays, snafus and harassment The honor bestowed upon Odell W. as a federal prpgram. at every step of its unhappy existence; there Vaughn is a high one but I, for one, am The 1974 federal budget, released in late was no director for nine months, no advisory certain the choice was a wise one. January, confirmed a distressing rumor. In council for a full year, a skeleton staff even one sentence it announced the intention of now, and of course almost no money. And disposing of environmental education: "This now those responsible dare to call the pro­ program will be terminated in 1974." gram a failure. This is like the boy who kills MASSACHUSETI'S' LEGISLATORS 011lcial Administration opposition to the his mother and father and then pleads to TESTIFY ON THE BURKE-RIBI­ program, centered within the Department of the judge for mercy on the grounds that he COFF TAX CREDIT BILL, H.R. 49 Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) it­ is a poor orphan. self, rests mainly in three arguments. First, Of course, environmentalists have been it is said, we don't need separate legislation dtsa.ppointed in their expectations of what to support environmental education-we can the environmental education program could HON. JAMES A. BURKE do it through already existing programs. Sec­ have been. But the potential still exists. OF KASSACHUSETI'S ond, environmental education is a narrow Change, not abolition, seems to be in order. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES categorical program and therefore conflicts Moving OEE from the 011lce of Education with Administration philosophy. And, third, to a more hospitable home-possibly the Monday, April 2, 1973 the program has failed anyway. Each of these Council on Environmental Quality or the Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. arguments can be easily refuted. Environmental Protection Agency-or ele­ The environmental education program has vating it within the HEW bureaucracy might Speaker, last Friday, March 30, the always been described within HEW as "core" be one improvement. House Ways and Means Committee on funding, as a catalyst which would generate Since the official arguments against ~nvl­ which I serve, received testimony from lots of additional federal money for environ­ ronmental education are all so refutable, Representative Paul White, Democratic mental education. This strategy has proven what are the real reasons Ws slated to die? Legislator from Dorchester, Mass., on more effective in keeping appropriations for One possib111ty that must be strongly con­ H.R. 49, legislation to provide a tax the program low than in actually generating sidered is that, being small, weak, and rela­ credit for nonpublic school tuitions. Rep­ new environmental education money. In fis­ tively unnoticed, it is an easy sacrlfical Iamb cal 1972 the total federal appropriation for for an Admnistration that wants to claim it's resentative White's presentation was a the 011lce of Environmental Education cutting government costs without really concise and convincing argument for the (OEE) was only $3.4 m11lion. The Office of doing so in any effective way. tax credit concept. It is for this reason Education claimed that in addition it would Ralph Nader was once asked whether he that I have requested time to share his spend $11 million on environmental educa­ believed in capitalism. He replied, "I don't statement with you. I am also submitting tion through other programs. To date it has know: we haven't tried it yet." The federal for the RECORD the remarks of Repre­ stlll not been able to document that claim. environmental education program is in some­ sentative Raymond Flynn, Democrat, of A list, purporting to document the $11 mll­ what the same category. It's ~me we tried Boston: llon expenditure, exists, but the validity of it. Whether or not lt expires first will depend many of the projects listed is so questionable a great deal on the amount of public and STATEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS STATE REPRE• that apparently the commissioner is too em­ congressional concern expressed in the next SENTATIVE PAUL WHITE barrassed to release it. few months. Mr. Chairman and members of the Ways Even if other educational programs were and Means Committee: Thank you for the doing what they should be, they are ldmited privilege of appearing before you today. in their scope and target. Title III of the FLORIDA'S LOSS IS NATION'S GAIN Many public o11lcials across the United Elementa.ry and Secondary Education Act, for States, sensing public discontent with cer­ example, can support environmental educa­ tain aspects of our Federal tax laws, success­ tion but only through local education agen­ HON. L. A. (SKIP) BAFALIS cies. No other program is as flexible as the fully campaigned this past Fall on platforms Environmental Education Act in terms of OF FLORIDA of tax reform. Public expectation in this program content or the range of permitted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area is justi:flably high. An interrelated issue of great public concern 1s the quality and "target groups." Most importantly for en­ Monday, April 2, 1973 Vironmental action organizations, no other cost of education in the United States. These program has the flexibility of the Environ­ Mr. BAFALIS. Mr. Speaker, for years two issues, tax reform, and the quallty and mental Education Act to support non-formal Florida. veterans have been fortunate in cost of education, are of paramount 1mpor- CXIX-670-Part 8 10612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 tance to the citizenry of this nation-the add, that would have to be absorbed by the 1917 Revenue Act has been for Congress to Congress must be responsive to these needs. taxpayers 11 the present trend continues. permit the deduction of so-called charitable Your honorable committee has a number The United States Supreme Court has re­ contributions from personal income.) of proposals which seek to respond. One such cently held that local property taxes are a (5) There is a minimum of administrative measure, H.R. 49, recognizes the legitimate constitutionally valid method for financing entanglement with the non-public schools. concerns of trying to make our tax laws public education notwithstanding the fact Non-public schools provide elements in more equitable and our educational policies that property tax bases from one community education essential to a free society. Chll­ more flexible--and I therefore appear today to the next may be inequitable. dren and parents are afforded an alternative to support it wholeheartedly. Local property taxes in Massachusetts, as educational experience to the public schools The importance of H.R. 49, and the reasons in other states, have been rising steadily, par­ through the existence of non-public schools. tor its public import, are not dlfilcult to sub­ ticularly in urban areas where a movement A heterogeneous school system can contrib­ stantiate. The cost of education overall Is towards the suburbs has weakened the ute more to the educational process than rising, nonpublic school attendance Is rapidly already thin tax base. H.R. 49 would provide would a uniform system because of the rarity diminishing and taxpayers, both parents and relief not only for those taxpayers with chil­ in educational philosophies and approaches nonparents alike, are feeling the pinch. dren in attendance at non-public schools, to teaching. This diversity has little, or noth­ While the closing of Isolated non-public but also relief for non-parents and the ing to do with the sectarian basis of many schools may not place an undue burden on parents of public school children in areas non-public schools. the public school system, the wholesale clos­ which could be hardest hit by massive non­ The philosophies and purposes of the vari­ ing of nonpubllc schools particularly in public school closings. Whether a non-parent ous types of non-public schools are expressive urban areas-would place an intolerable or parent of a public school child pays prop­ of pluralism in our society, and they also re­ burden upon the already limited resources erty taxes, state and local income taxes, flect strong moral factors that serve society of most urban school systems. For example, sales tax or a combination of all three to well. While the public school systems across in Boston, out of a. total elementary and support local schools--these taxes will go up the U.S. might be capable of absorbing all secondary student population of 126,841- 1f additional students are thrust into the non-public school students, albeit at a sig­ 30,681 students, or approximately 25% at­ public school system. nificantly increased cost to taxpayers and tend non-public schools. In Massachusetts The property tax, however, wlll have the disruption of the public schools, many less 10 largest urban areas out of a total elemen­ strongest impact. In the Commonwealth of tangible, but nonetheless important benefits tary and secondary school population of Massachusetts, non-public school enrollment occurring from the private and parochial 218,000 over 50,000 attend non-public decline between 1965-1971 cost the taxpay­ school systems would be lost to the nation schools--again about ~ of the student ers $66 million (A)-the majority of which and its citizens. population. was paid out of local property taxes. This This pattern of high concentration of non­ additional expense was not, and in the fu­ STATEMENT BY STATE REPRESENTATIVE public schools in urban areas is not unique ture w111 not be evenly distributed across the RAYMOND L. F'L YNN to Massachusetts nor New England. 37% of state. (B) Only 33% of the public school I am here this morning to raise a problem the elementary school pupils in Milwaukee districts have Catholic schools in them-and crucial enough to warrant its being raised attend non-public schools, 34% in Phlla­ these schools, at least in Massachusetts, make again and again-until ~t last our discussion delphia, 33% in Cincinnati, 32% in Chicago, up the majority of non-public schools. Gen­ yields a solution, refer to the frustrating 29% in both St. Louis and Pittsburgh, 28% erally, most transferees wlll start attending question of how we are to effectively save in New York. public schools in the same district as their ourselves from the serious cultural loss and The impact of a rapid decline in non-pub­ former non-public school. Costs, then, will enormous financial embarrassment which lic school enrollment would clearly be great rise in those school districts which receive threatens our large cities in the wake of the in cities such as these where a large percent the transferred pupils, further exasperating probable destruction of the Catholic paro­ of the school population presently is edu­ the ever-burdened property taxpayers. chial school system. cated outside of the public school system. In my state, several legislators have recog­ I will not be convinced that the constitu­ As revealing as these figures are, they rep­ nized the need for relief in Massachusetts tion of the United States makes this event resent but the tip of the iceberg-for the ahd there are currently three bllls in com­ inevitable. It can only be the case, should we true impact of massive non-public school mittee which would accomplish on the state permit this to happen that our wits are dull closings can be measured only on the local level, what H.R. 49 proposes on the Federal and our imaginations flacid. level-the social, economic and educational level. Indeed, the very magnitude of the prob­ disruption that is caused by the closing of a With regard to the question of constitu­ lem compels a solution. In Boston, the prob­ neighborhood school. tionality, a decision by the Federal court in lem approaches sure catastrophe. More than A reasonable question Is: Wlll H.R. 49 New York which is currently under review 30,000 of more than 126,000 elementary and alleviate a rapid decline in non-public school by the U.S. Supreme Court Is Committee for secondary school students attend non-public attendance? Public Education and Religious Liberty v. schools--and please remember, for example, The Special Commission to study Public Boylen et al. v. Brydges (U.S. District Ct. S.D. that almost 90% of the elementary school Financial Aid to Non-Public Primary and N.Y. Oct. 2, 1972) That decision upheld the students of Massachusetts in non-public Secondary Schools (1971, Mass.) attributed validity of the N.Y. tax credit provisions for schools are in Catholic schools. half of the enrollment decline to monetary the following reasons: Where does anyone think the City of Bos­ causes. And it is reasonable to expect that (1) Not restricted to areas which by con­ ton, which has already the highest tax rate as costs rise, schools which previously had cession are known to contain practically only in the nation, is going to discover the money not charged tuition, wlll do so-furthering Catholic parochial schools. Rather, it covers or the fac111ties to absorb 30,000 more stu­ the enrollment decline. According to a study attendance at all non-profit private schools. dents-nothing less than 25% of the cities by the I.N.A. Corporation (commissioned by (2) It does not involve a subsidy or grant total elementary and secondary school popu­ Cardinal John Krol of Philadelphia). Paro­ of money from the Federal Treasury, W alz lation. Because we will have to turn aga.in chial school costs are rising three times as 397 U.S. at 674, 90 S. Ct. at 1414 (case chal­ to the already overburdened middle class fast as revenues--whipped along by declin­ lenging constitutionality of tax exempt sta­ homeowners and tax payers, we are just ing enrollment. The rising costs/declining tus of· church property). Court recognized going to price ourselves out of business as enrollment cycle, where each increase in cost that "granting tax exemptions to churches a viable residential community. leads to a decline in enrollment, and each necessarily operates to afford an indirect eco­ Let me pose to you a startling but very decline in enrollment leads to an increase in· nomic benefit," Court also noted in Walz that interesting question. Why is it that the same costs, will inevitably lead to the eventual grant of a tax exemption Is not sponsorship constitution, is used to force us all, at every shut-down of the non-public school system. since the government does not transfer part level of government, to subsidize by tax ex­ It has been estimated that 1f the Catholic of its revenue to churches but simply ab­ emption acres of church property and at the schools alone were to close throughout the stains from demanding that the church sup­ same time prohibits us from subsidizing by country, public school operating budgets port the state." In brief, the Court has in a personal tax exemption church facilities the would have to be increased by some $3.2 these instances accepted the view that ex­ lack of which will cost us a fortune to re­ blllion. emptions differ from subsidies. place. This is a constitution, by that Inter­ In practical terms, H.R. 49 would mean (3) Third, it has a particular secular in­ pretation, which is picking our pockets--and that the typical taxpayer with a dependent tent--one of equity-to give some recom­ both at once. (with both hands.) attending a non-public oohool would not pense by way of tax relief to our citizens Nor 1s this only a matter of money. The have to pay twice for one education. If the who bear their share of the burden of main­ cultural loss to the city that will be in- student's yearly tuition were $200. H.R. 49 taining the public schools and who, because volved, should the parochial system be de­ would allow the parent a tax credit of $100. of religious belief or otherwise, send their stroyed, will be incalculable. More specifi­ This measure of relief might be just the children to non-public full-term schools as cally, given the much higher quality of paro­ impetus parents would need to keep their 1s their constitutional right. chial school education, we will also suffer a child 1n a non-public school. A $100 credit 1s (4) Benefit to the parochial schools, 11 serious academic loss. relatively small in comparison to the current any, 1s so remote as not to involve impermis­ Are we, therefore, compelled to impoverish national average per pupil cost of $858 per sible financial aid to church schools. (The ourselves not only financially, but also cul­ year in the public schools. A cost, I might consistent legislative policy ever since the turally and academically? This is a consti- April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10613 tution, or an interpretation of it, that grows Congressional investigators for the House [From the Arkansas Times, Mar.19,1973] more strange and stranger still. Appropriations Committee based their con­ FRoM THE PEOPLE--THE BEST THERE Is Not only stranger, but less in touch with clusions on interviews with VA officials and To the Editor: reality as all our citizens understand it. Just examination of VA records. The report said The other day you carried an article about a few weeks ago at a meeting at St. Marga­ veterans have to walt for admisslon, suffer VA Hospitals. That article was full of false rets Church in Dorchester, of which Speaker from cramped quarters, poor nursing care information. McCormack is a parishioner, several hundred because of understaffing and "may leave in In the first place no veteran that needs parents confronted reality-and came close worse shape than when admitted." medical treatment is ever turned away. In to losing their school. I know only too well "This simply does not apply to the local the past two years I have had two major op­ that my own parish, the Gate of Heaven in hospital," Hendricks said. "We are in a bet­ erations. One here at the Fayetteville VA, South Boston, has no less urgent problem in ter position in funding for salaries, operat­ and the other at the Little Rock VA Hos­ the respect. The parish still has a school­ ing costs and personnel than we have ever pital. but barely, and only because of the dedica­ been. Our report to the VA Committee stated I could not have received better treatment tion and self sacrifice of the good parents of we had no unfunded needs." and care at any hospital in the USA, than these children. Hendricks said the hospital operates on a I did at these VA Hospitals. The inequity of all this is also a matter of $5.25 million budget compared to $3.09 five The doctors, nurses and staff of those VA real concern; for an important reason that years ago. Hospitals are the most wonderful and dedi­ the non public school parent finds it hard to "I do not feel we are understaffed. Some cated people I have ever met. support entirely the non-public school is 41 new positions were funded at the begin­ R. L. HUTCHCRAFT. that he has also to support the public school. ning of the fiscal year. This included five That he should do so, in support of what has registered nurses, four licensed practical been called the common good, I do not dis­ nurses, four nursing assistants, two phy­ pute. But the common good seems lately, in sicians, a dietitian, social worker and other this area, to be rather a secondary considera­ support personnel," Hendricks said. MARINE CITY, MICH., YOUNG PEO­ tion in many minds. NEW SERVICES PLE HELP BUILD "A LITTLE BET­ The common good that I support is why TER WORLD" the government pays farmers not to pl):l.nt Another 32 positions are funded to staff wheat. Then why can we not pay parents to new services which are expected to be in op·­ keep their children in parochial schools? I eration within the next few weeks, he said. HON. JAMES G. O'HARA These include an intensive care unit, a support legislation that would provide in­ OF MICHIGAN come tax exemptions for parents paying tui­ coronary care section, a respiratory treat­ tion for children in non public schools. This ment center and a pulmonary function IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES involves no direct grant of money from gov­ laboratory. Recruitment is under way for Monday, April 2, 1973 ernment to the school, remedies the inequi­ these 32 positions which include 12 regis­ ties of double taxation on some of our citi­ tered nurses; 12 LPNs; one physician, a pul­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, it has been zens, and most importantly, it will involve monary function laboratory technician and my personal privilege this week to serve no governmental control. other support personnel. as host to an outstanding group of young Gentlemen, it is unreasonable for us to Hendricks said veterans do not have to wait people from Marine City, Mich.-young stand idle--allowing the demise of quality for admission here. "We have no waiting list people interested in the processes of their education in parochial school, while pouring and have not had one for two years. All sick government and in the interrelationship millions into a declining public school sys­ veterans, who the admitting doctor feels need tem, and gentlemen, don't deceive yourselves, hospitalization, are admitted immediately," between their government and their own for someday, if not today, the American tax­ he said. community. payer wlll pay the price. "Our space is totally adequate and beds are Each of us, Mr. Speaker, has numerous not overcrowded. We are in compliance with opportunities to greet groups of his con­ national standards as far as the number of stitutents who journey to their Nation's square feet required per bed," Hendricks said. Capital to learn more about how their The report indicated the White House Of­ VA HOSPITALS fice of Management and Budget was cutting Government operates, and I have en­ VA hospitals, may force 29 hospitals to close joyed many such occasions in the more by 1975 and "may intend to force the VA out than 14 years that it has been my privi­ HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT of the hospital business entirely." lege to serve in this body. OF ARKANSAS What makes this group of young peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [From the Arkansas Times, Mar. 14, 1973] ple unique is the nature of the social mis­ FROM THE PEOPLE-BUM RAP FOR THE VA sion which binds them together. These Monday, April 2, 1973 To the Editor: young people belong to the Marine City Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, I notice in the papers that the VA Hos­ chapter of the United Nations Associa­ the adequacy of patient care in Veterans' pitals have been accused of not treating pa­ tion, and they call themselves, "A Little Administration Hospitals has been the tients properly, etc. I can speak for myself Better World." The name they have subject of controversial discussion in past in this matter. When I left the service I was chosen to identify their group springs. under treatment, and I reported to the VA weeks. Stemming from a House Ap­ here in Fayettevllle in 1963. from the simple philosophy that, "if every propriations Committee investigation, Since that time I have been treated as one does just a little bit, no one has t;o. newspapers throughout the Nation cited both an IN patient, and an OUT patient, do a lot." This is the concept that is­ generalized allegations of patient mis­ depending upon my condition. Eventually, worth pondering, because it calls on each treatment and a poor level of medical as time passes, I have become unable to work. member of the group--and, by inference,. service. The VA in Fayetteville sent me for exam­ on each member of society-to do his As a reflection of the other side of the ination and testing to the VA in Little Rock, part toward making their community,_ where I received the type of treatment found story and an indication that substandard only in the best hospitals in the nation. their State, their Nation and their world VA Hospital care does not exist through­ Believe me, I know they can always use a little better place in which to live. ' out the system, I am inserting in the help, and more help, but to accuse them It is intriguing, Mr. Speaker, that these· REcoRD a recent article in the Fayette­ (the nurses, doctors, orderlies, etc.) of ne­ young people call on each other to do ville, Ark. Northwest Arkansas Times. glect, on the whole is irresponsible. During "just a little bit" and yet, through their­ Following this article are two letters to my stays as an IN patient in both of these group activities, they have done far more· the editor of the Times from Arkansas hospitals I received the best care and did not than just a little. They have, in fact,. veterans describing their :first-hand ex­ see a single patient neglected. done a lot for their communitY-and, in I did see doctors and nurses work beyond periences with VA medical treatment: their time to help patients. Now I don't say the process, have done a lot for their own. [From the Arkansas T1mes, March 9, 1973] it can't happen-that's too brash a state­ individual and group development. "PATTERN OF NEGLECT" DENIED BY LocAL VA ment-but surely I can say it does not hap­ These young people have, for example,. ADMINISTRATOR pen here, or in Little Rock. And certainly established their own activities center-­ There 1s no "pattern of neglect" 1n the not in most cases. and have then turned aroWtd to the Fayetteville Veterans Administration Hospi­ By the way, I volunteer to help when I can senior citizens of their community and. tal, according to Fred Hendricks, the admin­ in the VA Hospital to give those who cannot made their headquarters available for· istrator, who denied allegations made in a do for themselves an extra bit of comfort older people from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. each confidential Congressional report that the and aid, and I am sure more volunteers day. This demonstrates a concern for well-being of hundreds of thousands of pa­ would be appreciated in any VA Hospital. others, particularly the elderly who are tients in VA hospitals is endangered. HENRY C. COOGAN. so often isolated from the community. 10614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 It also demonstrates a sensible utiliza­ Mr. Speaker, I was most favorably im­ is that Russia bought a billion dollars worth tion of facilities that otherwise would be pressed by these young people, by their of feed grain in this country, creating a left to stand idle during the hours when interest in the world around them-not shortage on the domestic market. That Rus­ sia paid a ridiculously low price for this grain these young people are in their class­ only in the world of Marine City but in after $10 blllion in war debts were cancelled; rooms. It is pleasant to note that the the world of their nation and the United and then Russia took some of its gold and senior citizens have responded enthusi­ Nations-and by their keen grasp of the bought up our cheap paper dollars floating astically to this offer from the young issues. I was also impressed by the qual­ around the world, paying us oif in our own people, and are utilizing the "Little Bet­ ity of the guidance they are receiving "trading stamp coin" and they saved a hun­ ter World" center on a regular basis. from their adult associates-Mrs. Grace dred mlllion dollars. These young people have identified Zapel, who helped them found the orga­ Not a peep from the housewife boycotters other needs within their community, and nization; the Honorable John R. Beau­ or the chains against the deal; not a word have acted to meet those needs. They champ, a member of the City Commis­ of sympathy for those who lost over 500,000 head of cattle that died in the rain soaked made available office space and a tele­ sion of Marine City; and Mrs. Mary Lou mud of Iowa; Kansas. Nebraska, and other phone in their building, so that a social Shackett, who assists Mrs. Zapel in the states; or a word about the storms that de­ worker could be assigned to Marine City day-to-day workings of "A Little Better stroyed acres of fruit and vegetables and and provide counseling for families in World." much of the Southern poultry industry. trouble. In similar fashion, the young I would like to add a few words in par­ Governor Ronald Reagan of California 1s people provided space to house a coun­ ticular tribute to Grace Zapel. A former one of the :.one voices urging housewives to selor on alcohol and drug abuse. And organizer for the United Auto Workers, end their boycotts, saying that for the first time in several years many of the producers a "Little Better World" has made its a member of a union morale team which were covering only a small part of their past facilities available once each week so visited England to lift the spirits of losses. that the Air Force can use it for recruit­ American servicemen stationed there in Since the 1930's the American housewife ing purposes. the days before the Normandy invasion has bought bargain priced fruits a.nd vege­ Not all of their work has been as dra­ in World War II, an associate of the late tables harvested by the lowest paid wage matic. They have taken on the more Ambassador John Winant, an ardent earners in America, with half-starved moth­ menial tasks of painting and decorating supporter of the United Nations, and a ers and children working in the fields like rubbish containers for use in the down­ school teacher--Grace Zapel is one of slaves. In this period, 3,000,000 farm famllies and 100,000 cattle feeders abandoned their town area of Marine City. They have life's true humanitarians. These young farms and feed lots because they couldn't get collected refuse from the shores of the people are the richer for this opportunity a fair return on their poultry, pork, beef, and St. Clair River. They have prepared to be associated with Grace Zapel in grains. Christmas baskets for needy families in making this truly, "a little better world." One of the biggest contributing factors to their area. And they have gone door-to­ our federally fed, artiflcial debt- and deficit­ door to collect funds for UNICEF. As I prosperity, has been poor returns to agri­ say, Mr. Speaker, this may not be very culture, and now that the farmer is living oif MEAT BOYCOTT the consumer for a change, all hell 1s break­ dramatic--but it is a :fine example of ing loose. young people concerned about the com­ A question I would like to ask: Who wlll munity in which they live, and suffi­ hire the unemployed workers and pay the ciently motivated to do something about HON. JOHN M. ZWACH taxes lost through the great harm being it. OF MINNESOTA brought to a great industry-the harm now It was my privilege to have these young IN 'l'liE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES building up? The answer, of course, 1s "the boycotting consumer". people as my guests at breakfast this Monday, April 2, 1973 week. The young people were honored by Yes, we are living in pretty sad times Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ when one group of people can vindictively the presence at that breakfast of the threaten to bring an industry "to its knees". senior Senator from Michigan, the Hon­ dent has declared ceilings on meat prices Sincerely, orable PHILIP A. HART. Senator HART and and consumers are planning a meat boy­ ED WIMMER, I talked with these young people about cott, this at a time when the price of President, Forward America, Inc. the origins and development of their gov­ meat animals has just reached the point ernment--and we emphasized the same it was 20 years ago. point: That this is a government which Since that time, wages have increased was founded by mortal men, and which 230 percent and hospital costs have more NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOVIET has been brought forward for nearly two than tripled. Meat prices at the farm JEWRY WARNS OF CONTINUING centuries by mortal men. We recognize went up only 12.6 percent. POLICE REPRESSION OF SOVIET tl.at governments do err. We know that Ed Wimmer, president of Forward JEWS men do make mistakes. Yet we know that America, in a letter to the editor of the our form of government has endured be­ Cincinnati Enquirer, dealt with the en­ cause men of good will have worked to tire question of meat prices in a very HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN correct their errors in a free, open and enlightening manner. OF MASSACHUSETTS democratic fashion. We explained to I would like to insert Mr. Wimmer's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES letter in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and these young people that progress is some­ Monday, April 2, 1973 times slow under our system of govern­ strongly recommend its reading by my ment. Certainly a monarchy or a totali­ colleagues and all of the other readers Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I include tarian government might be infinitely of the RECORD. The letter follows: herewith a statement issued by the Na­ Letters to the EDITOR, tional Conference on Soviet Jewry deny­ more efficient--but, as we told these The Cincinnati Enquirer, Cincinnati, Ohio. -young people, neither would be as effec­ Sm: COnsumerism reached its lowest level ing that there have any dramatic im­ tive as our present system, which calls of intellectual bankruptcy when a loud­ provements in the situation of Soviet for the collective judgment of 435 Mem­ mouthed, self-styled male spokesman for the Jews desiring to immigrate from Russia. bers of this House and the 100 Members boycott movement against the price of beef The National Conference on Soviet was cheered when he said: Jewry speaks for nearly 4 million Ameri­ of the other body. "We are going to bring the meat l:rtdustry can Jews through the 34 member agen­ The point, of course, is that the man­ to its knees." cies of the conference and over 220 affil­ ner in which the Congress of the United The facts are, that the meat industry is one iated local Jewish community councils States operates-with each Member of the biggest in the United States, and and federations. making his contribution to the delibera­ American cattle raisers, along with hog pro­ The following statement was made by tions and taking part in the decision­ ducers, feeders, packers and independent re­ in tad.lers, have operated on the lowest over-all the conference response to a state­ making process--is precisely the same profit rates of any industry in the country, ment made by Soviet trade ofllcial Vladi­ way in which these young people, and have gone broke by the hundreds of mir S. Alkhimov in Washington, D.C., in through their "Little Better World," are thousands. which he asserts that there have been approaching the problem-solving efforts What the screaming housewives and some "dramatic changes affecting the emigra­ of their group. ot their political front men have overlooked, tion of Soviet Jews." April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10615 The following information should The stress here is on "limited." beginning with Washington. Neither the Ei­ Mr. Schlesinger's comments run par­ senhower directive nor the Brownell memo­ strengthen the case for the resolution randum, by the way, used the term Executive introduced by our colleagues Congress­ allel with a study prepared for me by the privilege. man CHARLES A. VANIK and Congressman Library of Congress which shows clearly The Brownell memorandum itself had a WILBUR D. MILLS. that the current interpretation of so­ curious history. The "uncontrolled discre­ The resolution follows: called Executive privilege by the White tion" phrase-indeed the whole sentence The assertions yesterday by Soviet trade House did not begin in the Washington from which it was taken, and a number of omcial Vladimir s. Alkhimov, in regard to administration, but in 1954 when Presi­ other sentences too--were lifted from a series alleged dramatic changes affecting the emi­ dent Eisenhower refused to allow execu­ of articles by a Department of Justice at­ gration of Soviet Jews are welcome if, in tive employees to testify before the Con­ torney named Herman Wolkinson published fact, they reflect new developments. They do gress. in the "Federal Bar Journal" In 1949. So too not. were the historical examples. In recent years In truth, there are over one hundred thou­ I include Mr. Schlesinger's article in the Wolkinson-Brownell version of history, sand pending amdavits for Soviet Jews which the RECORD at this point: later amplified by Attorney General (now have not been acted upon by Soviet om­ [From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 30, 1973) Secretary of State) William P. Rogers in 1958, cials. Despite the welcome increase in emi­ EXECUTIVE PRIVn.EGE: A MURKY HISTORY has received careful examination, most no­ tably at the hands of J. Russell Wiggins, a gration in 1972, this only represented one (By Arthur Schlesinger Jr.) fourth of those Jews known to have such newspaperman turned historian, and of the amdavits. Soviet omcials are playing a dan­ "The doctrine of Executive privilege is well legal scholar Raoul Berger. Their research gerous numbers game when they say that established," said President Nixon in his makes it clear that these examples do not over 95% of all applications last year have statement of March 12. "It was first invoked prove what President Eisenhower and now been settled. In reality the omcials are re­ by President Washington, and it has been President Nixon supposed they prove. recognized and utilized by our Presidents for ferring only to those finally permitted to THE WASHINGTON PRECEDENT leave after much harassment. In the mean­ almost 200 years since that time." With that time, thousands of Jewish famUies have been historical flourish the President issued still Did George Washington, for example, ever waiting, in vain, for years. Most of them are another challenge to the Legislative Branch invoke Executive privilege? In the first case under constant surveillance and have been of government, declaring that not only mem­ of supposed presidential denial-a House in­ bers but former members of the President's quiry into the St. Claire expedition in 1792- unemployed for months on end. Washington actually gave the House all the Mr. Alkhimov distorts the facts when he White House staff "shall follow the well­ asserts that "only ten percent (of those established precedent and decline a request papers it wanted and sent his Secretaries of who actually emigrated) had to pay some­ for a formal appearance before a committee War and the Treasury before the investigat­ thing.'' In reality the imposition of a retro­ of the Congress.'' ing committee. In the privacy of the Cabi­ active ransom tax last August, for those who Most commentators, while noting that net, the President and his colleagues agreed leave the Soviet Union, has already cut down President Nixon was filing an unprecedent­ that, as Jefferson noted in his diary, "the the number of educated Jews permitted to edly large claim for Executive privilege, ap­ Executive ought to communicate such papers leave by more than one half-from over 20% pear to accept his idea that the doctrine has as the public good would permit, and ought in the first part of 1972 to less than 10% in solid and unassailable historical basis. The to refuse those, the disclosure of which would the last six months. Soviet Jews have not impression is abroad that George Washington injure the public: consequently were to exer­ been able to pay the $15,000 or $20,000 tax and all his successors, confronted by unac­ cise a discretion"; but this notion was not necessary to leave, and hundreds, perhaps ceptable congressional demands for informa­ transmitted to the Congress nor announced thousands, have been discouraged from tion, simply cried "Executive privilege," and to the public. The second Washington exam­ applying. that settled the matter. Yet, when one looks ple is equally irrelevant. When the House Such bland comments by Soviet omcials into the problem, one encounters some curi­ asked for papers relating to the Jay Treaty, overlook the high degree of continuing police ous facts. For example, the very term "Ex­ the President declined to send them on the repression of Soviet Jews. lllegal searches ecutive privilege" seems itself to be of fairly ground that the House had no constitutional and seizures by secret police have led to recent American usage. My research is far role in the treaty-making process and that closed trials of Jewish activists. Jews in Mos­ from exhaustive, but I cannot find that any anyway the papers had already gone to the cow, Minsk and Tbilisi face additional trials President or Attorney General used it before Senate. In neither case, in short, did Wash­ in the next few weeks. the Eisenhower administration. You will look ington withhold from Congress the informa­ The Soviet omcial, who along with several in vain for it as an entry in such standard tion it requested. In neither case did he in­ colleagues has undertaken to lobby on legis­ reference works as the Smith-Zurcher "Dic­ voke Executive privilege. lative matters while in Washington, as guests tionary of American Politics," or "The Oxford It would have been surprising had he done of this country, has repeated assertions made Companion to American History," or Scrib­ so. For the prevalent assumption, inherited two months ago by the Soviet propaganda ner's "Concise Dictionary of American His­ from British parliamentary experience, was outlet--Novosti Press Agency. Alkhimov's tory.'' It is not even to be found, I was dis­ that Congress was among other things a comments therefore do not reflect any funda­ mayed to discover, in "The New Language of "grand inquest" and thereby had a right to mental change in Soviet policy. He has tried Politics," compiled by Wllliam Saflre of Mr. inform itself on public matters. The Con­ to convey a false impression to American Nixon's very own White House staff. stitution itself laid on the President the duty public opinion. Of course this may seem a semantic quib­ "from time to time [to) give to the Congress ble, since the claim of the Executive to deny Information of the State of the Union," nor information to Congress is certainly not was this duty considered to be discharged by novel. Still, if the doctrine of "Executive priv­ the annual presidential message. Though, as ilege" were all this well-established and had Washington's Cabinet thought, there might HISTORIAN SCHLESINGER EXPOSES the sanction, as Mr. Nixon assures us, of be occasions when disclosure as a practical MYTH OF SO-CALLED EXECUTIVE almost 200 years of American history, one matter could be against the public interest, PRIVILEGE would expect that the phrase would have the Executive presumption in the early re­ been in common usage during the first 180 public was always that Congress should and of these years. would receive the information it sought. HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD President Nixon's historical recital un­ There was certainly no idea of an "uncon­ OF PENNSYLVANIA doubtedly derives from vagrant memories of trolled" presidential discretion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Eisenhower days. In May 1954, in the midst of Our first Presidents were in consequence the Army-McCarthy hearings, President Ei­ exceedingly chary about denial. Jefferson Monday, April 2, 1973 senhower instructed employes of the Depart­ once withheld material he had received on ment of Defense that, if asked by the Mc­ the Burr conspiracy. He explained that it Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. Carthy Committee about internal exchanges contained "a mixture of rumors, conjectures Speaker, Arthur Schlesinger, writing in within the Department, they were "not to and suspicions," but in any case the congres­ Friday's Wall Street Journal, adds sig­ testify to any such conversations or com­ sional request had specifically exempted any­ nificantly to the current dialog on so­ munications or to produce any such docu­ thing the President "may deem the public called Executive privilege, that mythical ments or reproductions." This was an un­ welfare to require not to be disclosed." Mon­ entity which eiXists as a figment in the precedentedly sweeping denial to Congress. roe once withheld on the ground of potential minds of some Presidents. But it had a certain moral justification in damage to innocent persons; again Congress What some call "Executive privilege," the atrocious character of the McCarthy in­ had asked for information only in "so far quisition, and it was given legal color by an as he may deem compatible with the public I call a simple courtesy which the Con­ accompanying memorandum from Herbert interest." In both cases Presidents were exer­ gress extends to Presidents allowing Brownell, the Attorney General, assigning to cising, not discretion they claimed for them­ them a limited amount of intimate dia­ the President "an uncontrolled discretion to selves, but discretion conferred on them by log with advisers; dialog which the Con­ withhold the information and papers 1n the Congress. The first President to invoke priv­ gress decides is inviolable from congres­ public interest.'' Mr. Brownell then set forth ilege in anything like the contemporary sional scrutiny. a parade of supposed historical precedents, sense was Jackson on two or three occasions; 10616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 but his practice did not settle the constitu­ dent Nixon about the immunity of White awareness in the Nation that the average tional issue. House staff members, permitted Sherman shopper is being victimized in a number Through most of American history the Adams to appear before a congressional com­ situation rocked along, with Presidents ac­ of ways by those providing goods and mittee in 1958. services in the marketplace. ceding to most congressional requests but PRESIDENT KENNEDY'S CONCERN sometimes reserving and very occasionally Ralph Nader probably will be noted by insisting on their right not to do so, and When President Kennedy came into office, historians as the first person who took with Congress in such cases generally acqui­ he was considerably disturbed by the growing the concept of "consumerism" and made escing for practical reasons in presidential and manifest abuse of Executive privilege. He had served 14 years in Congress; his At­ it meaningful to the mass of Americans, denial but never admitting any principle of while prodding Congress to take its first uncontrolled presidential discretion. Dis­ torney General had been counsel to congres­ agreements were always absorbed in the po­ sional committees; and they took effective ac­ halting steps toward reform in this area. litical process, and contention never led to a tion to bring the matter back into its histori­ We have come a long way since then in serious Executive-Legislative showdown. cal balance. Still, as Congressman Moss pre­ terms of awareness and indignation. Un­ sciently said in 1963, "The powerful genie of fortunately, in terms of concrete, effec­ MR. BROWNELL'S CLAIM Executive privilege momentarily is confined Mr. Brownell did m ake the curious claim but can be uncorked by future Presidents." tively enforced measures, we are woeful­ in 1954 that the "courts have uniformly President Nixon has uncorked it with a ly remiss as a society. held" that the President had uncontrolled vengeance. The claim that not only present We know now much of the food we discretion. But the Attorney General did but past members of the White House staff consume is "doctored" with a variety of not cite a single case-for the entirely un­ are immune to congressional inquiry is additives, many of which are believed by derstandable reason that there were no cases wholly unprecedented. The President, it is some authorities to be unsafe. We know to cite. There had never been up to 1954 a true, says "Executive privilege will not be now that the Food and Drug Administra­ judicial decision dealing with the Executive used as a shield to prevent embarrassing in­ denial of information to Congress. Nor has formation from being made available but tion, on paper a consumer safety orga­ there been one to this day. will be exercised only 1n those particular in­ nization, is in fact basically a protector of Thus up to twenty years ago, presidential stances in which disclosure would harm the industry, which it is required by law to withholding, not yet blessed with the impres­ public interest." But it is hard to see how police on behalf of the consumer. sive sobriquet of Executive privilege, was a this principle would save John Dean or We know now this agency is sort of practice to which Presidents very occasionally Dwight Chapin-as Mr. Nixon seexns deter­ an "on-the-job-training" point for food resorted in cases where they could expect mined to save them-from undergoing con­ and drug industry executives, who put in support and understanding in Congress and gressional interrogation about the Watergate stints there between moves other pri­ in public opinion. Our system in its prag­ affair. Here, if anywhere, the presidential con­ to matic beauty had declined to confront the cern can only be polltical embarrassment-­ vate organizations. theoretical question whether Congress had unless, of course, our President has reached We know now that government is an absolute power to demand or the presi­ that point of self-delusion where he thinks aware of and winks at a variety of dency an absolute power to deny. On the anything that hurts his administration po­ shoddy corporate practices which endan­ whole, Executive privilege was not an urgent litically must by definition harm the public ger the public, offer us worthless mer­ issue. interest. chandize and services and take stagger­ What precipitated the contemporary defi­ President Nixon, like President Eisenhower ing sums in profit from the average con­ nition (as well as the designation) of Execu­ before him, makes a great deal of the sepa­ tive privilege was the system of internal se­ ration of powers as a ground for Executive sumer. curity set up during and after World Warn. privilege. But the Constitution does not es­ We know now some such practices are Some members of Congress, not always the tablish impassable barriers between the perpetrated by small groups of large most admirable, liked to get into personal se­ branches of government. Justice Jackson put companies, acting in collusion with one curity files, and Presidents were reluctant to it memorably: "While the Constitution dif­ another. indulge them for much the reasons advanced fuses power the better to secure liberty, it In the past several years, we have by Jefferson and Monroe--such files were too also contemplates that practice wm integrate learned about Corvairs, bad tires, cars often a mixture of rumor, conjecture and the dispersed powers into a workable govern­ suspicion calculated to do damage to inno­ ment. It enjoins upon its branches separate­ made to fall apart in low-speed colli­ cent persons. So in 1941 Robert H. Jackson, ness but interdependence, autonomy but rec­ sions, tainted foods, dirty meat, cancer­ then Attorney General, declined to give FBI iprocity." ous poultry, warranties that do not war­ reports to the House Naval Affairs Commit­ When congressional requests have been tqo rant, and guarantees guaranteeing noth­ tee. His list of historical precedents undoubt­ outrageous, public opinion-indeed, respon­ ing but continued aggravation. edly supplied the basis for the Wolkinson sible congressional opinion-has accepted We now know about hot dogs, con­ articles. presidential refusals. But a President has the taining more garbage than real meat and The Wolkinson inquiry itself was undoubt­ correlative duty to fill all reasonable con­ more additives than garbage, as well as edly stimulated by the determination of the gressional requests for information. He has Truman administration not to give secur­ the responsibllity to preserve the spirit of 30 percent fat, which we are told is good ity files to the House Un-American Activities comity on which the separation of powers for us. Committee. This determination, by the way, depends. He is not an absolute monarch, nor We know our foods are not truthfully was angrily protested by Congressman Rich­ is his Executive privilege uncontrolled. Pres­ labeled in terms of real ingredients iden­ ard M. Nixon of California, who said on April ident Nixon's extravagant claiins find no sup­ tifiable to the discerning concerned 22, 1948, that the Truman order "cannot port in historical precedent. shopper. stand from a constitutional standpoint." It As Madison said in the 49th Federalist, We know they are not identifiable in would mean, young Mr. Nixon continued, none of the branches of government "can "that the President could have arbitrarily pretend to an exclusive or superior right of terms of nutritional content. issued an Executive order in the Meyers case, settling the boundaries between their re­ We know they are not labeled to in­ the Teapot Dome case, or any other case spective powers." If President Nixon is de­ form us when a product should be taken denying the Congress of the United States termined to outdo all his predecessors and off the shelf. information it needed to conduct an investi­ push his extraordinary claixns to the point of We know there is no uniform system of gation of the Executive department and the unresolvable conflict with Congress, then the retail quality grade designations. There Congress would have no right to question disa3reement between two branches of gov­ his decision." Add the- Watergate case to Mr. is no requirement for labeling of food, Nixon's list, and it would make a pretty good ernment might well be passed on to the drug, and cosmetic products to contain speech today for Senator Ervin or Congress­ third. The Supreme Court has never had oc­ name and place of the true manufac­ man Moorhead. casion to consider the issue of Executive turer. If these makers are so proud of It was similarly Joe McCarthy's inquiry privilege. Perhaps this is an idea whose time products they sell, and their cacopho­ into the loyalty of individuals that provoked has come. nious advertising dins such messages into the sweeping Eisenhower directive of 1954. our ears, then there is no reason why an But the language of the Eisenhower directive average shopper cannot be told on the covered matters far beyond the original ques­ CONSUMER PROTECTION-INEVI­ tion of securtiy files and ushered in the TABLE AND INEXORABLE label who makes it and where his plant greatest orgy of Executive privilege in Ameri­ is located. can history. From June 1955 to June 1960 We have no unit pricing. Nor do we there were at least 44 instances when offi­ HON. FRANK J. BRASCO possess any information on labels of du­ cials in the Executive Branch refused infor­ OF NEW YORK rable consumer products as to perform­ mation to Congress on the basis of the Eisen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance life of the product. hower directive-more cases in these five Nor are we ever informed of the date years than in the first century of American Monday, April 2, 1973 of manufacture of any product whose de­ history. Yet even President Eisenhower, not Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, for the sign or performance may be changed. grasping the truth recently revealed to Presi- past decade, there has been a growing Here is perhaps one of the worst scandals April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10617 of all. Today industry deliberately seeks Act--requiring statement of nutritional BUREAUCRATIC ARROGANCE IN to make product life as short as possible content of food products. OEO and models as short lived as it dares. Third. H.R. 1654, Open Dating Perish­ This in turn gives them an excuse to sub­ able Food Act-requiring labeling of date HON. ROGER H. ZION stitute a new model, declare others obso­ beyond which products should not be lete and therefore desirable to replace. sold. OF INDIANA Even though the older model may be per­ Fourth. H.R. 1656, Consumer Food IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fectly adequate, industry feels it must Grading Act-requiring a uniform sys­ Monday, April 2, 1973 hustle products on and off the consumer tem of retail quality grade designations. Mr. ZION. Mr. Speaker, a few weeks stage as fast as possible in order to max­ Fifth. H.R. 1658, Honest Label Act-re­ ago the Indianapolis News printed an imize profit and minimize consumer use quiring labeling of food, drug, and cos­ article criticizing the OEO employees of what they peddle. metic products to contain name and who brought a class action suit against All this, mind you, to accompaniment place of business of true manufacturer. Acting OEO Director Howard Phillips. of the most outrageous, ridiculous claims Sixth. H.R. 1660, Unit Pricing Act-re­ Author Lou Hiner points out that em­ by Madison Avenue hucksters who would quiring disclosure by retailers of the unit ployees are far more interested in keep­ not know a legitimate product claim if price of commodities. ing their own jobs than in providing they tripped over it in their board rooms. Seventh. H.R. 1662 meat price programs for the poor. Meanwhile, the public is beset on all freeze-stabilizing the retail prices of Mr. Hiner's article follows: sides by what can best be termed a "hus­ meat at November 1972 prices. tle," of the first chop. The great "game" Eighth. H.R. 1664, meat quota re­ [From the Indianapolis News, Mar. 5, 1973] is to enter some contest, promising the peal-repealing the Meat Quota Import BUREAUCRATIC ARROGANCE IN OEO consumer something for nothing, usually Act of 1964 to increase the supply of (By Lou Hiner Jr.) an exotic trip or some glittering assort­ lower cost meats. It was the height of bureaucratic arrogance ment of merchandise. Such promotional Ninth. H.R. 1667, Performance Life last week when a group of employes of the Offi.ce of Economic Opportunity filed a law games are almost always rigged in some Disclosure Act-requirin& manufacturers suit challenging the right of the Nixon ad­ manner. For years a continuing battle of durable consumer products to disclose ministration to curtail or abolish OEO pro­ has raged in Washington as consumer on a label the performance life of each grams. advocates have sought to get the Federal product. The class action suit was filed in "behalf Trade Commission to use its authority to Tenth. H.R. 1668, Appliance Dating of all OEO employees" against Howard Phil­ outlaw these frauds. Alas, the battle too Act-requiring the date of manufacture lips, acting OEO director, but actually it was often has gone against the public; special of any product whose design or perform­ an indirect challenge to President Nixon which said, in effect: interests have too often prevailed. ance capabilities may be changed. "Just try to abolish OEO. We'll show you What it all boils down to is that the Eleventh. H.R. 1670, Sales Promotion who's running things!" consumer in America today has never had Game Act--prohibiting manufacturers, Phillips has been the target for some time it so unsafe, tainted, fiimsy, and false. producers or distributors from requiring of certain lawyers' groups, community Good consumer protection laws sit on or encouraging any retail seller to engage poverty agenctes and persons supposedly the Federal statute books unenforced by in promotional games. working for him in OEO. civil servants who remain paragons of Twelfth. H.R. 1672, Intergovernmental {The law suit was not exactly 100 per cent paper shu1Hing . and masters of bureau­ Consumer Assistance Act-providing in the interest of the nation's poor people. One of the charges was that CEO's 2,100 em­ cratic obfuscation. Federal grants and technical assistance ployes would su.trer "irreparable loss or in­ Whatever happened to the Safe Toy in the establishment and strengthening jury due to the loss of their jobs.") Act, several years on the books? Piously of State and local consumer protection Phillips' critics portray him as a tight-fist­ we are informed by the FDA that they offices. ed, heartless gauleiter who is racing to dis­ are working day and night to get unsafe It all boils down to a few very essen­ mantle OEO and cause increased su.trering toys off store shelves. The same is true tial principles. Do consumers have a right among the poor. The Washington Post, which for the Flammable Fabrics Act, designed to know what is in a product, who makes takes a dim view of Phillips and a bright to save lives of 4,000 and more small view of OEO, quoted an unidentified source it, v:hen it was made and what its nutri­ as describing Phillips: "He is not a nut. He children who burn to death because the tional value is? I say yes. is a very conservative guy who thinks th1s Federal Government has taken years to Do they have a right to be free of ad­ (OEO) is a. lot of crap." make manufacturers flameproof gar­ vertising gimmicks, phony guarantees The 32-year-old Phillips has said on several ments and fabrics. and warranties, and similar deceptive occasions that he is carrying out President A cumulative education process is re­ practices? I believe they do. Nixon's announced program to transfer some quired, in tandem with grim determina­ If Upton Sinclair were alive today and of CEO's programs to other agencies which tion on the part of many in Congress to could see what has happened to the in effect are duplicating those programs. But many of the poverty help programs will be keep pressing the consumer protection American marketplace, he could write an give:::1 back to the states and local commu­ cause until we have cleansed the market­ updated version of "The Jungle,'' hitting nities and financed under revenue sharing. place of products, practices, and entities American in the digestive tract again. It is Phillip's theory that local people know who find it more profitable to peddle Only he could add chapter after chapter more about handling problems of their poor junk, tell lies, and deceive the public dealing with other frauds infesting the than a bunch of bureaucrats in Washington. than to perform with any degree of marketplace today. He also believes the dollar will stretch far­ Government is as guilty as private ther on the local level. honesty. Several Members of the House "The nation's poor are entitled to a dollar's have been fighting this battle for a num­ business. It has no will to protect con­ worth of results for every dollar spent in their ber of years. One is our distinguished sumers today, just as it has no will to name,'' Phillips told a reporter, and he em­ colleague, Mr. ROSENTHAL Of New York. seek enforcement of laws already on our phasized again: "I don't think you'll see any He has again this year introduced a statute books. wholesale termination of programs." Rep William 0 . Bray, R-Ind., has struck package of excellent, constructive con­ Who, then, is the more guilty party? out at some of those who are griping about sumer protection measures. As I did The manufacturer who deliberately puts the OEO phase-out. He aimed his barbs par­ previously, this time I am joining in bad perishables or unsafe, unworkable ticularly at some local offi.cials who have said sponsorship of these measures; all of products on the market? Or is it the gov­ such action may lead to civil disturbances. ernment bureaucrat, safe within the civil "What are we to say about this witless them. Each is badly needed. Each will chatter? It is just the thing to inflame and eventually be enacted into law. Each will service system, who by his own inertia outrage various groups and send them once be battled over in this Congress, and it prevents enforcement of existing law? more helling into the streets on a mindless, is my pleasure to join in that struggle. Both are equally to blame. Both should violent orgy of destruction," Bray said. "Is These are the measures in question: be equally exposed and mercilessly dealt this intended to frighten the Congress? The administration? Or, the taxpayers?" First. H.R. 1650, Truth in Food Label­ with. Each of these proposed measures Sen. Jesse A. Helms, R-N.C., has said CEO's ing Act--requiring full disclosure of in­ will eventually become law. Consumer advocates have generated "a lot of misin­ gredients by percentage according to protection is a concept that can best be formed debate about the value of these pro­ their common names. termed both inevitable and inexorable in grams and their place in the overall struc­ Second. H.R. 1652, Nutritional Labeling its progress toward fruition. ture o! national policy." 10618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 Helms said that since 1964 more than $2 .8 ward guiding the growth and develop­ At the time Commonwealth v. Brunelle billion has been poured into OEO programs ment of WGN during its formative years. was argued, t he defense made to the attack with few concrete results to show in improv­ Ward Quaal, the outstanding president on the abortion statutes was that the state ing the economic opportunity for the poor. had the power to declare fetal life human He conceded some of the programs have of WGN Continental Broadcasting Co. life, and, therefore, protect it by statutes worked in certain localities and he observed: said of Jim Hanlon: which allowed the taking of that fetal life "Any community action program that has We lost a great friend and colleague who only when necessary to save the life of the demonstrated a fine record should be able to was one of the architects of broadcasting and mother. The legal theory relied upon for the convince state, local and private sources to who in the early days of our administration therapeutic exception was that of self-de­ continue funding. . . . If they had tangible helped mold the new WGN radio and tele­ fense. An individual attacked by another is results, they should have the know-how and vision of today. entitled to protect his life even if it means the experience to argue persuasively with taking the life of the aggressor. If the abor­ local leaders." Prior to joining WGN, Jim Hanlon was tion were not performed, two lives would be The basic concept of the community ac­ a highly-regarded columnist, feature lost: the mother's and the child's. At least tion programs was to mobilize local resources writer, and editorial production manager under these difficult medical circumstances, to help the poor. Helms explained his opin­ of Radio Guide and its successor, Movie the law acts to preserve one life. ion of what happened: Radio Guide. The effectiveness of this argument (The "The vast majority of these community ac­ Mrs. Annunzio joins me in extending state has the power to protect fetal life.) is tion projects have been merely a conduit to our deep sympathy to his wife, four chil­ evident from its victories in the Brunelle fund the salaries of the local organizers, dren, and to all of his coworkers at WGN, case under consideration here. creating unseemly divisions among various That a state may pass laws to protect the factions in the poor neighborhoods scram­ for Jim Hanlon was a man who was health and welfare of its children even bling for salaries. These projects suffered highly respected and he will be sorely against the ". . . parents' claimed control of from lack of accountability, both in financial missed by those who had the opportunity the child or one that religious scruples dic­ terms and in accomplishment." of knowing him. tate contrary action . . ." is no longer open Often 85 per cent of OEO's funds for to doubt. Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. local projects went for staff salaries and oth­ 168, 169 (1944). Indeed, the Supreme Court er administrative expenses. People admin­ has taught that "the well being of its chil­ istering those projects seldom scoured the ABORTION dren is, of course, a subject within the state's local bushes for money to help pay the costs. constitutional power to regulate." Ginsberg As Helms has said, no one is arguing that v. New York, 390 U.S. 629, 638 (1968). the social problems of the country should be we take exception to the portion of the ignored. But no one can hold up the nine­ HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN Brunelle opinion which indicates that pos­ year-old OEO as the model for mobilizing OF MARYLAND sibly the primary purpose of the abortion community resources. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statute when passed in 1845 in Massachu­ "It is plain that the federally funded com­ setts was the protection of the health of the munity action agencies have failed to pro­ Monday, April 2, 1973 mother. '!'he purpose of this statute was to vide the poor with workable examples of Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, today I protect the unborn child as well as the true community action. Some people seem mother. The great medical battle of the 19th to regard the OEO programs as a sop to the would like to insert further excerpts of century was to persuade legislatures to elim­ poor, a symbol of national interest. Yet, their medical evidence from the Massachusetts inate the requirements of quickening and to effect upon the improvement of the lot of criminal abortion trial, Commonwealth condemn abortion from conception. The an­ the poor has been negligible," Helms told against Brunelle. nals of the Journal of the American Medical a newsman. The excerpts follow: Associ ation show conclusively that the as­ GUEST COMMENT sociation unanimously condemned abortion as the destruction of human life. This opinion discusses most of the relevant Even prior to the development of the sci­ legal issues a.t a time when the defense of JAMES G. HANLON, VICE PRESIDENT abortion statutes was almost solely predi­ ence of fetal physiology all doubts were re­ OF WGN CONTINENTAL BROAD­ cated upon the state's inherent right to pro­ solved in favor of the unborn child. Com­ CASTING CO. tect life. Although still effective, this argu­ mencing in 1803 medical jurisprudential texts ment by implication or, as lawyers say, by urged state legislators to pass statutes pro­ tecting the lives of unborn children at all negative pregnant (e.g. I have not beat my periods of fetal gestation. (See Quimby, Isaac wife today.) inferentially concedes that a HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO sta.te such as New York may determine thait M. Introduction of Medical Juris Prudence. OF ILLINOIS it will no·t protect fetal life. Currently, and JAMA, Vol. 9, p. 164, Aug. 6, 1887 and Mark­ ham, H. C. Feticide and its Prevention. bec:a.use of the New York statute, the argu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JAMA, ment has shifted focus to the state's duty to Vol. 11, p. 805. Dec. 8, 1888; American Monday, April 2, 1973 proteot human life at any stage of its de­ Medical Association. Minutes of the Annual velopment. Meeting 1859. The American Medical Gaz­ Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ ette, Vol. 10, p. 409, 1859; Chauncey D. Leake day, March 26, Chicago lost one of its In syllogistic form the current argument is as follows: (Ed.) Percival's, Medical Ethics. Williams and most distinguished citizens-Mr. James 1. The United States Constitution protects Wilkins, 1927, pp. 134-135.) G. Hanlon, vice president and manager all individua.l human life from destruction Abortion statutes have always been con­ of public relations and advertising for without due process or without the equal sidered as having been passed to protect the the WGN Continental Broadcasting Co. protection of the law. unborn child's right to life. State v. Howard, He had been associated with WGN for 2. But fetal life is individual human life. 32 Vt. 380 (1859); State v. Murphy, 27 N.J.L. 3. Therefore, fetal life cannot be destroyed 112, 114 (Sup. Ct. 1858); Mills v. Common­ almost 30 years, and during that span wealth, 13 Pa. St. 630; Anderson v. Common­ of time, he compiled an admirable record without having first been given the protec­ tion of due process and equal protection wealth, 190 Va. 665 (1950). :>f public service in the broadcasting field. under the United States Constitution. Prior to these attacks on abortion statutes, Beginning in 1943 as a writer with the Before either the due process of equal pro­ there has never been any doubt as to the WGN Publicity Department, he moved tection clauses are applicable to the abortion constitutionality of this type of legislation. up quickly to public relations manager in situation, the abridgement of those clauses That is, until we reached this era of sexual must be found in some form of state action permissiveness. Statutes prohibiting abor­ 1948, manager of promotion and research tions are as old as written extant law. The in 1960, and manager of public relations prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This state Code of Hammurabi written in 1728 B.C. and advertising in 1965. a.ction occurs (as it did in New York) when contains strict prohibitions against abortion. Jim was one of those indispensable the state withdraws all penal sanctions which It is fairly certain that this code is but a people in whom most everyone placed the formerly protected uterine life. The with­ compilation of much older laws. drawal of protection from this segment of Individual human life begins at concep­ highest trust, and because of his basic tion. There is no other logical or scientific decency and selftessness, he gained many humanity constitutes a deprivation under the Federal Constitution of that portion of hu­ starting point and, in fact, any other start­ friends for WGN. manity's due process and equal protection ing point for this consideration would be His ability and dedication merited his rights. made on other than sclentlftc grounds (per­ election as a vice president of WGN Con­ For example, if the state were to withdraw haps "philosophical," perhaps "religious," tinental Broadcasting Co. in 1968. Addi­ its protection from a certain class of indi­ perhaps "convenience") . The United States tionally, he served as acting chairman of viduals as the Nazi State did vis-a-vis the constitution protects human life against ar­ Jew in Germany, then under our Constitu­ bitrary, invidious classlftcations and discrim­ the company's editorial board and as a tion any individual in that group would be inations. It protects human beings from de­ member of the WGN continental expan­ deprived of due precess of law and equal struction at the mere whim or caprice of a sion committee in 1970. In these capac­ protection of the law. Such an invidious dis­ woman. It protects human life from destruc­ ities, he made a major contribution to- crimination 1s prohibited by our laws. tion without due process and without the April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10619 equal protection of the law. It protects feta.l A. When they refer to the zygote. the are limiting the concept to the erroneous life from conception. implication is that it is a. huma.n being. belief that it is only the person wlio delivers The issue we are concerned with 1s one When you pick up a book in pediatrics, they who has any kind of medical obligation to of civil rights. One segment of humanity do not refer to the child as a. human being; the fetus. cannot, under our form of constitutional re­ they refer to it as a. child. Q. Who does the pregnant woman go to-­ publicanism and under our Constitution, A zygote is a.n analogous term as fetus, the pediatrician or obstetrician? determine that another segment of human­ infant, child, adolescent, adult. They are all A. The modem development in this area ity does not have civil rights. The child in stages of a. human being. It is not customary today, in good hospitals, is for the woman the womb has a. civil right to life gua.ra.nteed to go out of the way to specify a. stage a.s a. to get to both before she delivers. it by the United States Constitution. We, a.s human being, because everybody knows it. Q. The lady living in Oak Park, your sub­ citizens of the United States and a.s persons Q. Is a. huma.n being, a.s you know it-and urb, and she comes up and misses a period living in the United States, are under a. duty you talked about evolution of the species-­ and decides Rhe might be pregnant ... to protect the lives of all huma.n beings that is the human being that you and I know A. She goes to the obstetrician. That is may be destroyed without conformity to just different in any characteristics other than the obstetrical side of it. laws. It is our duty a.s citizens and persons size from a. one week old zygote : Is there Q. Now, Doctor, you ... to protect the lives of the children from anything I can do that a zygote can't do? A. But it is not the pediatric side of it. wantonly being destroyed, throughout this A. Say that again. Other than . . . Q. I know that. nation. This is our duty a.s citizens a.nd per­ Q. Other than my size, what are the differ­ Q. You refer to the zygote a.s being in resi­ sons in this republic and not merely a.s ences between me and a one week old zygote dence in the womb of the mother, is that members of any sectarla.n religious faith. in a womb? correct? DENNIS J. HORAN, Esquire. A. There are numerous differences. A. Yes, for about 20 minutes, because CHICAGO, ILL. Q. I can think, the zygote can't? quickly thereafter it is no longer a zygote. A. Yes. Q. What does it become after 20 minutes? Q. I can talk and the zygote can't? A. It has a continuous development. For CROSS EXAMINATION OF HERBERT RATNER, language's sake, we have a rough division M.D., BY MR. OTERI A. Yes. Q. I can sustain myself; I don't need a. so we can refer to them: We talk of the Q. (by Mr. Oteri) Doctor, do you personal­ womb to support me in life? zygote, embryo, fetus, of the infant, the ly feel that a. woman has a.n obUga.tion to A. No. The zygote sustains its own life in child. complete a. pregnancy, or does she have a. Q. When you talk about residence in the right to terminate it a.t some point? the same sense that the newborn infant or the young infant can sustain its own life. womb of the mother w ..... ne it proceeds in its A. (Dr. Ratner) The thing that compli­ I don't know what your relation is to your own development, you are talking about cates the problem from the medical point zygote, embryo, to fetus? of view, for the physician, is that once a. mother. Maybe you're dependent upon your mother, but the infant is dependent on the A. The zygote is normally no longer a. pregnant woman steps into his office, he, zygote after six days or a couple of days unfortunately for this situation, has a.n ob­ mother, and the zygote is dependent on the mother. have passed and it has got into the womb. ligation to two patients-the mother and Q. It is not 20 minutes? the ba.by-a.nd any time we take a. patient Q. The infant is dependent on the mother? A. As well as the zygote. A. It takes about six days to go.down. in a.n obstetrical service, we have a.n obllga.­ Q. Now, Doctor, while this zygote is going tion for two patients. That is why you fre­ Q. I a.m not dependent on the mother? A. Not a.t this point. for the six days from the womb to implant­ quently see us knocking ourselves out, ing in the wall, how is it sustained? doing things which a. mother permits, even Q. The infant is dependent on the mother to clean out its urinary tract? A. It is sustained by its own nutrition, and a.t risk to the mother, to save the baby. We the heat is supplied by the mother. work in the delivery or operating room, A. Yes. Q. Feed it? Q. After it implants in the wall of the where, 90 percent of the time, we are knock­ mother, does it receive its nourishment from ing ourselves out trying to save a. baby with A. Yes. Q. Sustain it? the mother? forceps, transfusions, and intrauterine trans­ A. It receives its food in the same way that fusions. A. Right. Q. It the infant, is born at one month, the infant a.t the breast receives its food We even have a. new specialty of pedi­ from the breast. atrics called fetology. The New York Academy will it live? A. Not at the present stage of technological Q. The infant at the breast is outside of of Medicine's publication The Sciences has the mother? a.n entire article indicating the kind of development, it won't live. Q'. At two months? A. I am trying to clarify it receives its things that relate to saving the baby in nourishment from the mother in the same utero. The article concludes "the fetus may A. It won't Uve. Q. Five months? way. be the littlest patient, but he is by no Q. If there were some interference with means the least." A. It won't Uve. Q. In other words, this zygote or embryo the food supply between the mother and the And that's the problem when a. pregnant embryo attached to her, the embryo would woman walks in; whether we like it or not, or fetus, if it were allowed to develop with­ we have, a.utoma.tically, two patients. out any interruption, could possibly become die? a. human being? A. And the same way the infant in the Q. The fact of the matter is that when a. woman comes into your office, the pregnant A. I don't understand. It is a. human being. burning house, unattended, would die. woman, and she tells you she wants to ter­ It 1s not a matter of becoming a. human be­ Q. When the embryo--by the way, how minate a. pregnancy, she is a month preg­ ing. We grant that human beings a.t dif­ many spontaneous abortions are there? nant... ferent stages of life have dtiferent qualities, A. A high incidence. About 25 percent. A. Right. which doesn't make the zygote or infant any Q. Is that In the period between fert'lliza­ tion and implantation? Q .... do you feel any obligation to this more or less of a. human being. It has not woman to cooperate with her in terminating the capacity that a. mature huma.n being has. A. No, there is a high incidence there, but this pregnancy? Q. Would you refer me to one textbook on it continues through the first three months. A. The obligation I feel with this woma.n obstetrics and gynecology that refers to the One out of seven pregnancies ends in a. mis­ is to help her resolve the situation she is zygote a.s a human being? carriage in the United States, this is nature's in. I am not a. technician, doing what she A. Yes ... means of getting rid of huma.n beings who asks me to do; I have to do what both medi­ Q. I am talking about obstetrics and just aren't capable of surviving. cally and professionally I have a.n obllga.tlon gynecology. Q. Nature gets rid of human beings? to do, so I can't. It goes against both the A. Here is a book entitled, Modern Mother­ A. That's right. The way it does in epidem­ Hippocratic Oath and the purposes of the hood, by Dr. Liley. ics and other tragedies. medical art. I cannot do that, because she is Q. Is that a textbook in gynecology? Q. Do you think we should attempt to stop asking me to ellmina.te another human be­ A. It is a. textbook that we have some of epidemics? ing's life, so my answer to that is no. our medical students read. A. We certainly should. Q. Let me ask you a. question. Are you Q. Is it a textbook in gynecology and Q. I have no further questions. familiar with-do we have any medical text­ obstetrics? book in obstetrics or gynecology which you Is it a book that you read to learn your are aware of that in any place uses the term medicine from? "human being" to describe the zygote? A. It is one of the things we read. THE 1520 ANNIVERSARY OF GREEK Q. Is it a textbook in obstetrics and gyne­ A. I would like to first make it clear that INDEPENDENCE DAY we are not dealing with zygotes, when a. cology? woman comes into your office. By the time A. It is a. textbook that can be used, be­ she knows she is pregnant and wants a.n cause it is dealing with modern motherhood, abortion, she is now six to eight weeks preg­ which the pediatrician . • . HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON nant, and we are dealing with a. recognizable Q. A pediatrician isn't a.n obstetericla.n. OF CALIFORNIA huma.n being. A. The obstetrician doesn't have charge of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Q. That is not my question. My question the baby. was. are you fam.tllar With any medica.l text- Q. Does the pediatrician ... Monday, April 2, 1973 book in the field o! obstetrics and gynecology A. The specialty of fetology is a sub-spe­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. that refers to the zygote a.s a. human being? cialty of pediatrics and not obstetrics. You Speaker, on March 25, 1821, a Greet CXIX-671-Part 8 10620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 patriot, Alexander Ypsilanti, unfurled Mr. Speaker, Mr. Kazantzakis has cap­ rest of them like to claim they're conserva­ the flag· that sparked the revolt result­ tured the essence of the men and women tive but they don't follow through." ing in Greek independence. of Greece. Today, in recognition of the Some of his friends, he said, seem to think Greek Independence Day, I salute the he lives in a cave. March 25, 1973, was the 152d anniver­ "I guess a lot of them expect me to show sary and celebration of the beginning traditions and history of Greece and its up on the fioor one of these days wearing a. of modem Greek independence. sons and daughters around the world. bearskin," he said, grinning ruefully. "Well, Unfortunately, since 1821, the Greek I don't live in a. cave. I like air conditioned people have not enjoyed a smooth demo­ homes and good cars just like everybody else, cratic history. but you have to pay !or them." With their declaration of independ­ NEW YORK TIMES RECOGNIZES Mr. Landgrebe thinks that the Congress CONGRESSMAN EARL LANDGREBE and the nation "should thank God for a ence, the struggle had just begun. The President who 'has brought tough guys to Greeks still had to defend their free­ town to hold down all this spending we've dom from the Turks. HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY been doing." Then from 1837 until the 1843 coup, OF INDIANA His current field idols are Caspar W. Wein­ the Greeks were virtually a Bavarian berger, the Secretary of Health, Education protectorate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Welfare; and Howard Phillips, who has After the Young Turk revolt of 1909, Monday, April 2, 1973 been assigned the job of dismantling the the Balkan wars of 1912-13, and World antipoverty agency, the Office of Economic Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the New York Opportunity. War I, the Greeks faced another crisis Times of March 31, 1973, devoted part of "It's damn exciting to be here at this mo­ when Gen. Theodros Pangalos seized the front page of the second section to ment in history with people like Weinberger power in 1925 and became a dictator the a profile of our colleague from the In­ and Howard Phlllips around," he said. following January. diana Second District, EARL F. LANDGREBE. NEW PRECEDENT An attempted coup and a chaotic I am pleased to insert it at this point: He told o! Mr. Phillips coming to his of­ political situation characterized the early HOUSE FOE OF SPENDING 0UT-NIXONS NIXON flee, a few weeks ago, to ask him to vote and midthirties until Gen. John Me­ (By Marjorie Hunter) against any further funding for the anti­ taxas made himself a dictator with the WASHINGTON, March 30.-The electronic poverty agency. consent of the king. scoreboards perched along the rims of the "That's the first time, believe me, that In 1940, Greece rejected the Italian House balconies blinked fitfully. kind of thing ever happened to me; a. bu­ Fascist ultimatum for capitulation, but Aye: 284 ... 302 ... 382 ... reaucrat asking me to vote him out o! a the Germans occupied all of Greece in Nay: 1 .. . job," Mr. Landgrebe said happily. Time: 2:16 ... 1:05 ... 0.13 . "Well," he went on, "when I'd recovered 1941 with the Greeks resisting with guer­ from the shock, I looked at the guy and told rilla warfare. Moments later, it was all over. A blll to au­ thorize $475-million for clean air programs him, 'You sure don't look like a nut to me, Soon after the Germans withdrew, civil had passed, 387 to 1 but I'm sure surprised.' Mr. Phlllips just ·war broke out in 1945. Sitting 1n isolated splendor midway in the smiled and said, 'Oh, that's all right. When I When pressure began to mount be­ chamber was the man whom colleagues have get O.E.O. cleaned up, then I'll go on to an­ tween Greece and her Communist neigh­ jokingly dubbed the naysayer from Valpa­ other agency.' Now, you've got to admit that's bors, President Harry S Truman an­ raiso, Earl Frederick Landgrebe, Republican a refreshing situation." of Indiana, who had cast the sole no vote. Defending himself against those who say nounced that the United States would he has moved even to the right of the Presi­ assist the Greek people as well as the The most consistent champion of the Nixon Administration's efforts to trim the dent, Representative Landgrebe who has been Turks in their fight against communism. budget, Earl Landgrebe (pronounced LAND­ in the House since 1969, insists he is not for Truman's statement came to be known greeb) thinks that even President Nixon, on cutting everything. as the Truman Doctrine. occasion, is too much of a spendthrift. FREE ENTERPRISE LAUDED After several years of political disor­ "The President has asked us to go with him "I just think we should screw the faucet der, a group of conservative army officers a mile, and I say that's fine," he sa.ld later, down a little and let the free enterprise sys­ seized control of the Government in 1967 moving restlessly around his office. "That's tem take over again," he said. because they believed the leftists were somewhere in the Bible; maybe I don't have It was through free enterprise, he reminds planning to use upcoming elections to it exactly right." visitors, that he made it, working his way stage their own coup. But one time, Mr. Landgrebe said, "is not through high school with a variety of menial enough to balance the budget as it should jobs and later starting a. truqk hauling busi­ Since the 1967 junta, the Government be." ness with only a. little cash. has suspended the original Constitution, "I say, let's go another mile and cut it "I'm a rather wealthy man now, but I instituted Marshall law, and imprisoned some more," he continued. worked hard to get it," he said, "and I don't persons of differing political beliefs. A SELF-MADE MAN want America to lose everything it's got Recently the junta government has A devout Lutheran, his pockets often through irresponsible spending." made large economic strides and has be­ crammed with religious tracts, Mr. Land­ Although Mr. Landgrebe has consistently gun to reinstitute some civil liberties. grebe speaks with all the zeal of an old­ voted to trim domestic spending and twice re­ However, there are still no parliamentary fashioned evangelist. ceived awards from businessmen for his ef­ Two years ago, he left !or Moscow on a forts-he has been a strong advocate of de­ elections or a timetable for the imple­ House Education Committee study with a fense outlays and may support whatever the mentation of elections even though the carton of 75 Bibles and a suitcase containing President requests in aid for North Vietnam. Government's own Constitution provides 30 more Bibles and 250 religious books. These, FINANCING OWN TRIP for them. he distributed, as he said later, "in the dark o! the night," until he was picked up for "I want to go to Hanoi and see for myself," With the ancient Greek heritage as questioning by the Soviet police. he remarked. "I've already applied for a. visa., one of the world's first democracies and Behind his desk is a row o! Bibles. Nearby and I'll go on my own money." as a leader of cultural advancements, it is a Biblical tract entitled "Good Laugh?" Representative Landgrebe is aware that is particularly unfortunate that Greeks and taped to a tall red lamp on his desk is many of his constituents oppose rehabllita­ today are not enjoying full citizens' a cartoon, showin,g a male stick-figure say­ tion aid for North Vietnam but he thinks rights. ing, "Some folks are good for nothing but that "if it takes a few billion dollars to win I'm going to ask for pay . . . " the peace, then it's worth the price to keep But, the spirit of the Greek people is The cartoon, perhaps more than the Bibles, America strong and sweet.'' well known because of the Greeks' ability best explains the philosophy of a man who His role as the most persistent of Congres­ to come through hard times. proudly proclaims that he made it on his own and thinks everyone who is able should also sional budget-cutters has not escaped the As the esteemed modem Greek writer, work hard for a living. attention of the White House. Nikos Kazantzakis, has written: His naysa.ying on a vast array of domestic "I was down at the White House few weeks Greek soil has been so saturated with spending bills this year has astounded even ago and I told the President I was with him blood, sweat, and tears, the Greek mountains his fellow conservatives ln the House. all the way in cutting out all thls big spend­ have witnessed so much human struggle, "A lot of them have been scolding me," he ing," Mr. Landgrebe said. that you shudder in contemplating the fact said. "They tell me, 'Listen, Earl, how can "You know, he really seemed to appreciate that here on these mountains and shores, you be so blind as to follow Nixon'?" Well, I it," he went on. "The President even followed the destiny ... of all mankind, was at stake. just have to can the shots as I see them. The me a few steps to say thanks." April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10621 November, 1967, Mr. Goodman was honored JULIAN GOODMAN dren's Programs, headed by a producer of children's programs with a 20-year record of as a leader in the field of journalism by elec­ experience. NBc-TV was the first network tion as a Fellow of Sigma Delta Chi, national to make such an appointment. professional journalism fraternity, at its an­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER Mr. Goodman also directed the funding of nual convention in Minneapolis, Minnesota. OF KENTUCKY a long-term NBC Research study, begun in In 1970, Mr. Goodman was named "Ken­ March, 1969, to assess the possible effects tuckian of the Year" by "The Kentuckians," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of television on the behavior of young peo­ becoming only the fifth man in the organiza­ Monday, April 2, 1973 ple. The study has been commended by a tion's 67-year history to be so honored. specialist in the field as "an unprecedented, Mr. GQodman and his wife, the former Mr. CARTER. Mr Speaker, it is with major study . . . using carefully validated Betty Davis of Dawson Springs, Kentucky, great pleasure that I submit the follow­ reporting methods." have four chlldren and live in Larchmont, ing biography of my friend and fellow Mr. Goodman joined NBC as a news writer New York. Mr. Goodman is an ardent sports Kentuckian, Julian Goodman, president for WRC, NBC's owned radio station in fan. He golfs, plays tennis, fishes and fre­ of the National Broadcasting Co. Having Washington. D.C., in the summer of 1945. He quently sails in Long Island Sound near his received the International Radio and was appointed Washington editor for "News home. of the World," an NBC Radio Network broad­ Television Society's highest honor-the cast that included news pickups from all 1972 Gold Medal-he has proved himself major capitals. STARK REALITIES OF THE .AFI'ER­ to be a man of outstanding achievement, Shortly thereafter he became Manager of MATH strength, and creativity. News and Special Events for the Radio Net­ His contributions in the :field of broad­ work, then NBC's principal broadcast opera­ casting have received widespread ac­ tion. As television networking developed, Mr. claim, and I am confident that he will Goodman was also appointed Manager of HON. JERRY LITTON continue to be a leader in his :field in the News and Special Events for the NBC Tele­ OF MISSOURI vision Network in August, 1951. The opera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years to come. tions were combined under his charge. His biography follows: In 1959, when television was growing rapid­ Monday, April 2, 1973 JULIAN GooDMAN ly and NBC News had become a separate Mr. LITI'ON. Mr. Speaker, today we " ... a faithful reporter, a daring inno­ and major division of the company, Mr. stand on the threshold of a historic vator, a tireless and effective champion of Goodman was assigned to NBC News' New freedom, a forceful and timely spokesman York headquarters as Director of News and week in our country's history. It is the for the broadcasting industry . . ." Public Affairs. He was appointed Vice Presi­ first week in many years that we have With this citation, the International Radio dent, NBC News, in January, 1961, and Execu­ not had prisoners of war in North Viet­ and Television Society a warded NBC Pres­ tive Vice President on Oct. 4, 1965. nam, or combat troops in Southeast Asia. ident Julian Goodman its highest honor­ On Dec. 13, 1965, in a realignment of Along with many thoughtful constitu­ the 1972 Gold Medal-for his achievements NBC's top corporate management, he became ents, other American citizens, and nu­ in and contributions to broadcasting, in chief administrative officer of the company merous congressional colleagues, I con­ which he has worked for more than 25 years. with the title of Senior Executive Vice Presi­ Since becoming NBC's President in March dent. On Jan. 10, 1966, he was elected to the sider the prolog of this past week's 1966, Mr. Goodman has established himself NBC Board of Directors, and on March 4, events as the :first stage of our Nation's as a strong and effective spokesman for 1966, he was elected President of the Com­ resurrection from patriotic disunity-one broadcasting, and as a creative force within pany. paralleled only by events leading to the the ranks of television's top management. He In 1952, Mr. Goodman directed NBC News American Revolution almost 200 years has been an industry leader on a variety of film coverage of the political convent ions, ago, and the Civil War of the 1860's. issues involving the relationship between which won wide critical acclaim; in 1956, he Today, we face the stark realities of Government and broadcasting and the Con­ supervised the operation of NBC's central stitutiona.l right of the American people to news desk at the conventiQns; during the the aftermath. We turn our attention to a free flow of information. 1960 national election campaign, he produced healing both physical and emotional Mr. Goodman was named NBC's Chief the October 7 broadcast of "The Great wounds. We must prepare ourselves to Executive Officer on Jan. 1, 1970, and, two Debates," the second of four historic en­ begin the second stage in the quest for years later, was elected a Director of RCA counters between Presidential candidates peace. We all know true peace, in an ulti­ Corporation. He came to his present position John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. mate sense, is not yet to be. It will not after a 20-yea.r career with NBC News, during Whlle in Washington, Mr. Goodman took a become a reality until the problems grow­ which he not only produced a variety of leading part in extending television and ra­ news programs and special coverage projects, dio coverage to important governmental news ing out of the long and bloody Southeast but developed many of the production and events. He obtained permission for the first Asian struggle are laid to rest. program techniques that have since become live broadcast of a Congressional committee In the coming months, the eyes of the familiar in radio and television. hearing and he helped open the way for the world will be focused upon the U.S. Con­ He pioneered the use of tape for radio first filming of a Presidential news confer­ gress as the problems embracing South­ broadcast of news events; participated in the ence in 1955. east Asia and America are sifted and development of the "instant news specials" After his assignment to New York, Mr. weighed. To many, the fulfillment of our initiated by NBC News; supervised NBC News Goodman supervised such specials as the coverage of many major stories; directed the "Journey to Understanding" series that task seemingly knows no boundaries. development, production and broadcast of covered the travels of President Eisenhower First, we must grasp the problem of aid scores of significant NBC News specials, and and Soviet Premier Khrushchev; the "JFK" to North Vietnam set forth in our peace managed a full-time worldwide staff which series that reported periodically on the Ken­ agreements under article 21. Secondly, at the time totaled 900 writers, editors, nedy Administration; and the "Break­ we must resolve the question of amnesty cameramen and technicians. through" series of medical programs. He pro­ on the home front. Neither problem As broadcasting's only top management ex­ duced "Comment" and "Ask Washington," could be explored in open discussion as ecutive with a background in program pro­ as well as "Report From Alabama," which long as we had POW's and combat troops duction, he has stimulated a number of pro­ won a Robert E. Sherwood Award. gram and policy innovations within NBC, in the Southeast Asian war zone. Mr. Goodman was born in Glasgow, Ken­ I believe that under our leadership the ranging from cultural and informational tucky, May 1, 1922. He attended Western projects and children's programming to in­ cause of unity between the North and dustrywide research studies. Kentucky University but left before gradua­ South Vietnamese can be greatly ad­ Among these projects was the "NBC Ex­ tion to join the Army in 1943. After leaving vanced, the amnesty question of Amer­ periment in Television" series, which was the Army he served as office manager for the ican boys who refused to answer the call widely acclaimed for its exploration of new Combined Production and Resources Board of their country settled, and guidelines forms and concepts in the medium. Another in Washington, D.C., untll 1945. He then enrolled in George Washington University, in for a program of rejuvenation estab­ was the initiation of a worldwide search for lished. If a majority of American citi­ talented young filmmakers, resulting in high­ Washington, and earned his AB degree. At the University's Winter Convocation in zens, and my colleagues in the Congress, ly praised programs on "the new communi­ concur with what might, at :first, seem cators." February, 1966, Mr. Goodman was honored In one of a series of steps to provide more with an Alumni Achievement Award by the a provocative but, in the :final analysis, professional concentration on improved chll­ Board of Trustees. sensible solution, hopefully we can pur­ dren's programming, Mr. Goodman, in Janu­ He was awarded the honorary degree of sue a program that would solve both the ary, 1970, established, within the Television Doctor of Laws by William Jewell College, problem of aid to North Vietnam and the Network, a new ofllce of Vice President, Chll- Liberty, Missouri, in November, 1967. Also ~ problem of amnesty. 10622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 But first, let us closely examine the in peace--that with ample money and hostilities is unlikely. Thus, as long as problem of amnesty. Almost 50,000 materials, North Vietnam will turn in­ North Vietnam is continuing major hos­ Americans who served in the Southeast ward to peace instead of war. I sincere­ tilities toward South Vietnam and we Asian conflict lost their lives. Nearly ly hope that this would be the case, but continue economic aid to repel these hos­ '300,000 more were wounded, some severe­ I have doubts. Internal warfare was rag­ tilities, it would be absurd to provide ly. Many who served will spend the rest ing for years before we even became in­ North Vietnam with funds. of their days in hospitals, hopelessly volved in Indochina. I fear that the quest The American people have been told crippled or blinded. The war will never for reWli:fication of all of Vietnam Wlder for the past decade that once the war end for those parents, widows, and or­ Communist rule is still top priority in in Vietnam was ended, money would be phans who suffered anguish through loss the minds of North Vietnamese leaders. made available for domestic programs of of their sons, husbands, and fathers. For It is bad business to sacrifice nearly construction and assistance. We have this country to provide Wlconditional 50,000 American lives and $135 billion in been led to believe that such domestic amnesty to those who refused to serve, helping South Vietnam stand on its moneys would build rural water and sew­ or who subsequently deserted after hav­ feet-we have built their air force to the er systems, new and better methods of ing been called, would, in effect, be say­ fourth largest in the world-and then transportation systems, housing units, ing that the almost 50,000 who did die, counter our 10 years of work and sacri­ recreational facilities, flood control im­ and the nearly 300,000 who were in­ fice, including war expenditures totaling poundments, and power-generating fa­ jured, were wrong and those who refused one-third of the national debt our COWl­ cilities, such as the Pattonsburg Lake to serve, or deserted, were right. try has accumulated in its lifetime, by Reservoir in Missouri's Sixth District. Further, I believe that exoneration of building up North Vietnam so that it may Perhaps we can solve both the prob­ draft dodgers and deserters would set a continue to strengthen its aggression to­ lem of aid to North Vietnam as we prom­ precedent which could pose a threat to ward the south. I think it is not Wlrea­ ised in article 21 of the cease-fire agree­ our national security. If we leave it up sonable to assume that for every dollar ment and amnesty for those who refused to each individual to decide whether or of assistance we give North Vietnam, an­ to serve by sending those people who not they will serve their coWl try, or other dollar will be freed to build up their seek amnesty to·North Vietnam-instead which laws are to be obeyed, or scoffed, defense program to advance their cause. of money-to help them rebuild their we turn our backs on our democratic One political analyst for the Washing­ country. system and invite chaos. We also ignore ton Star expects Hanoi to receive an esti­ If those in America who evaded mili­ the sacrifices made by every veteran who mated $1.7 billion per year in foreign tary service loved the North Vietnamese ever served in any prior war in which assistance. This amount is just about the too much to fight them, perhaps they our Nation has been involved. In my size of its 1970 GNP and much higher still love them enough to help them in view, anyone who has fought for this than the GNP for 1972. My first thought their reconstruction program. The sick­ coWltry to insure for future generations is how will Hanoi handle this huge sum ening stories of torture being related the precious legacy of life, liberty, and of money. If leaders use the money to back to the American people by our re­ the pursuit of happiness, deserves an better living conditions and promote turning POW's would not indicate that endless debt of gratitude. Amnesty peace, then it could be a worthwhile in­ the North Vietnamese have any love for would be an offense to their patriotism. vestment. But past experience shows that Americans. Equally significant is the awesome this is not likely. After the 1954 recon­ I personally do not favor aid to North thought that, should unconditional am­ struction program, only 15 percent of Vietnam or unconditional amnesty, but nesty be provided for all who refused to total investment was allocated to restor­ if we are to aid North Vietnam and if we serve in Southeast Asia, how would it ing the devastated agricultural sector are going to permit those who refused to be possible for us, at any future date, to where 91 percent of population lives. Ac­ serve when called to work for mankind expect a future generation to answer the cording to a U.S. News & World Report in return for amnesty, then I see no rea­ call to arms when a prior generation, issue of February 19, the first priority in son why we cannot accomplish both of who refused to serve, was spared PWl­ Hanoi for use of U.S. reconstruction these objectives by sending those who ishment? This factor deserves special fWlds would be the restoration of rail­ seek amnesty to North Vietnam to serve consideration in view of the fact that we roads, highways, communication, and a given number of years in helping re­ anticipate having an All VolWlteer Army powerplants. Then would come the re­ build that country in lieu of money which with fewer and more specialized mem­ building of industrial facilities. Last is is so badly needed not only for domestic bers in the service. aid to the people. programs here in America, but also to Inevitably, there will be individual It goes without saying that I would bolster the value of the sagging U.S. cases which warrant a comprehensive unilaterally oppose any aid which ap­ dollar. review. Therefore, I would favor, as did peared to be reparations or expiation for President Truman following World War the sins of imperialistic America, as II, the establishment of an Amnesty North Vietnam might make it look. Many DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS Board to consider the petitions of those officials favor multilateral aid to North SERVICE PROGRAM violators who wish to come out of exile Vietnam possibly through the United Na­ and seek to have their cases reviewed. It tions or the World Bank. But Hanoi stub­ HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN is conceivable, through such procedure, bornly insists on bilateral aid. that some equitable compromise might OF SOUTH CAROLINA Then there is the argument that points IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES emerge to balance amnesty with retribu­ to our reconstruction of Germany and tion. Japan after World War II with the Mar­ Monday, April 2, 1973 I feel very strongly that the United shall plan. Many would assume that we Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, I would like States should not and cannot continue should do likewise in North Vietnam. to insert into the RECORD an updated re­ to be the caretaker of the world. Hope­ The difference between World War II view of the activities of the Disabled fully, Vietnam has taught us that. How­ and the Korean conftict is vast indeed American Veterans. The Disabled Amer­ ever, neither can we isolate and shield but the most significant is the fact that ican Veterans is an organization com­ ourselves completely from international Germany and Japan promised to set up prised of nearly 400,000 veterans who affairs. working democracies with fair and equal suffered disabilities due to disease or in­ However badly we blWldered and representation-and obviously from all jury incurred during wartime or war­ stumbled, Vietnam was not a war where indications Hanoi has no intention of like military service. Since 1921, a period we had aims or desires of conquest--we doing this. of 52 years, Disabled American Veterans were there solely to aid. Probably nona­ The difference goes much further than has been concerned with the welfare of tion of the world would have sacrificed this. After World War II, there was an our Nation's disabled men and women equally with only the intent of helping unconditional surrender by Japan and who have incurred their disability in the others defend themselves. It began in the Germany and a commitment to an end defense of this Nation. Counted among best of our traditions-one befitting a in hostilities. In North Vietnam the situ­ its many members are prominent na­ great and generous nation. ation is not this pleasant. Hanoi has not tional figures and government leaders The administration insists that aid to surrendered; 150,000 of their troops re­ who themselves were injured or disabled North Vietnam is a financial investment main in South Vietnam and an end in in line of duty. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10623 One of the primary functions of the Mr. Speaker, I was very interested in this vital program and each year he and Disabled American Veterans has always receiving information concerning the ex­ the national commander of the Disabled been to provide a service through its na­ pansion of programs that the Disabled American Veterans, presents its legis­ tional service program for the benefit of American Veterans offers the disabled lative program to this committee. The the disabled veteran and his dependents. veteran. These are recent programs and policy statement of the organization In each regional office of the Veterans' indicates that DA V indeed deserves the provides that the Disabled American Administration you will find a staff of support of the American public in car­ Veterans should exert its efforts in be­ Disabled American Veterans national rying out this pledge as provided by its half of the service-connected disabled service officers fully trained to assist vet­ charter and constitution "to provide for veteran and while they do not oppose erans in filing for the many benefits the welfare of the disabled veteran and other programs such as pension bene­ which the Congress of the United States his dependents." Beginning in 1969 the fits, the primary thrust of the DAV has provided for our Nation's defenders. organization offered a scholarship pro­ is for our Nation's defenders who need These nation-al service officers are attor­ gram for the children of service-con­ help in overcoming the rigors of their neys-in-fact appearing before the Vet­ nected disabled veterans whose parents disabilities. erans' Administration rating agencies could not afford them a college educa­ I know that the American public will when authorized to do so by the veteran tion. Eighty young men and women continue to support Disabled American or his dependents. These appearances throughout this Nation have been Veterans and that all those eligible for are made each time the case of the vet­ awarded a DAV scholarship. As of Sep­ membership in the DAV will continue eran iseonsidered by a Veterans' Admin­ tember 1972, 71 are still in the program. to support the organization through its istration rating agency. Among the many Beginning with the fall term, September membership, because this is the only duties of national service officers is the 1973, a new group of students will be en­ veterans organization devoted exclu­ responsibility for preparing legal briefs tered into this scholarship program. Bear sively to the welfare of the disabled vet­ to be submitted to the VA Board of Ap­ in mind, Mr. Speaker, that these service­ eran. peals in Washington, D.C. when this be­ connected veterans do not have to be .comes necessary. members of the DA V in order for their The Disabled American Veterans was children to participate in this program. JAN KRYSKY, ANOTHER VICTIM OF founded in 1921 when its first national Several years ago, Disabled American SOVIET TYRANNY convention was held in Detroit, Mich. Veterans adopted a disaster fund pro­ National headquarters is located in a gram to assist its members in the event HON. MARIO BIAGGI beautiful plant in Cold Spring, Ky., just of a natural disaster. Now, DAV has ex­ across the river from Cincinnati, Ohio. panded this program to include all serv­ OF NEW YORK This organization employs an approxi­ ice-connected disabled veterans who suf­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mate average of 700 persons per year at fer losses due to such disasters. Monday, April 2, 1973 its national headquarters. DAV also Effective January 1, this year, Mr. Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the plight. maintains a national service headquar­ Speaker, DAV has inaugurated a new of the Soviet Jews continues to rank ters in Washington, D.C., to administer program to provide emergency relief among one of the most serious human the service program. DA V depends upon to service-connected disabled veterans. the support of the public to assist in problems in the world today. I would like This is another duty that has been added to briefly relate for my colleagues the meeting the heavy financial burdens im­ onto the shoulders of the national service tragic story of yet another refugee from posed by the service program of the or­ officers who administer the funds in each Soviet oppression, Mr. Julius Krysky ganization which includes the salaries of national service office located in VA re­ the national service officers who assist gional offices throughout the Nation. who is in this country now on behalf of thousands of disabled veterans each year. his son, Jan. A few years ago, DAV became inter­ The senior Krysky was permitted to. For instance, Mr. Speaker, at the end of ested in the problems of handicapped leave the Soviet Union for Israel in the last fiscal year, Disabled American children. In order that the organization Veterans assisted our Nation's disabled might provide meaningful assistance to November 1972. In the typical Soviet. veterans in recovering awards amounting these unfortunate children, many of manner, he and 70 other highly educated to $297,822,857.17 throughout the Nation. whom are born with birth defects or Jews were granted permission to leave These attorneys-in-fact made 135,686 who acquire disabilities due to injury or provided they would get out of the coun­ rating board appearances; interviewed disease, DA V entered into a partnership try within 7 days-a move clearly timed 203,463 disabled veterans and their de­ with Boy Scouts of America for the pur­ to the U.S. Presidential elections. pendents; and reviewed a total of 289,216 pose of establishing handicapped Boy His son, Jan, however, who is 21, was. VA case files in connection with their Scout troops throughout the Nation. As tossed in a mental institution a year ago duties. a result of this program many DAV on charges of "militant Zionism." In a Many of my colleagues will recall that chapters throughout the Nation are ward for the criminally insane, Jan has Disabled American Veterans utilized the engaged in helping these young boys been given injections which leave him American University and the facilities of learn scouting and learn to do what they delirious and force him to stay in bed the Veterans' Administration to train can do with their disabilities. DAV has for months on end. national service officers to assist disabled expended almost $450,000 thus far on He told his mother, who had a rare veterans following World War n. I am its scholarship program, disaster fund, opportunity to visit him earlier this very pleased and very proud to report to emergency relief, and scouting program. month, that he does not believe· he will my colleagues that of a total of over 221 These figures will increase each year. be able to last very much longer. His national service officers today, 129 of Disabled American Veterans has been father has come to this country seeking them are Vietnam veterans. Disabled described by some as a single purpose help. American Veterans realizes the need and organization, but I believe, Mr. Speaker, The tale of how Jan ended in the men­ necessity of having service officers who that in view of the expansion of their tal institution belongs in a book of fic­ understand the current and today prob­ programs it can be said that Disabled tion, not real life. In October 1971, Jan lems of the disabled veteran. Trained American Veterans is continuing its was escorting a girl home from a concert under an experienced career national mission to provide a full and complete when a drunk, Bykov, insulted him with service officer of the Disabled American the term "Zhid." A fight ensued and Jan service to all service-connected disabled was brought to trial. Bykov then sub­ Veterans, each national service officer veterans of this Nation. mitted a letter to the court in which he trainee goes through a period of 18 I know that my colleagues will join admitted guilt for starting the incident months of study and application of prin­ with me in expressing the appreciation and Jan was acquitted. ciples of service work before he can be­ of this august body to this fine organiza­ The case was reopened, however, in come an accredited representative of the tion for the great efforts that they are January 1972, when the Krysky family organization fully qualified to assist vet­ making in providing for the needs of applied for permission to emigrate to erans in all phases and in all matters disabled veterans through its legislative Israel. Julius Krysky was told that his pertaining to benefits for the disabled program. Charles L. Huber, the national son would either be given 10 years in a veteran and his dependents. director of legislation, is in charge of labor camp or he could be institution- 10624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 alized as a "schizophrenic" for his Zi­ on the liaison mission staff, is Charles W. start made a.t Ba.ndung to improve China's onist beliefs. The family chose the in­ Freeman, a fluent writer and speaker of relations with the developing countries. stitution believing that Jan would soon Mandarin Chinese who has been heading the In this capacity he made four trips abroad, be released. State Department's China desk. including one in which he accompanied Chou Marshall Green, assistant secretary of State on a visit to 10 nations in Africa. Julius Krysky has asked me to assist for East Asia and Pacific affairs, predicted In 1964 Huang became Communist China's him in pressuring the Soviet Govern­ that the United States wlll quickly become ambassador to France. ment for his son's release. Therefore, I second only to Japan as a top trading partner Relaxed and affable, Ambassador Huang am sending around a letter to my col­ of the Chinese. was a fam111a.r figure in diplomatic circles leagues today asking them to join me in The missions are being called liaison of­ during his eight years in Paris-a big man writing to Premier Alexi Kosygin, ask­ flees rather than embassies in deference to with a. round, heavy face, he was often clad ing him to release Jan, and to President Peking's refusal to have full scale diplo­ in Gray Mao vests and sported a Mao cap. matic relations with any country continuing n 1964 Huang became Communist China's Nixon, asking him to assist us in this to recognize the Nationalist Chinese govern­ ambassador to France. e:ffort. ment on Taiwan. His wife, Chu Lin, was active in making Mr. Speaker, I hope all those here contacts with French groups as well as the who share with me a deep concern for [From the Washington Star and Dally News, overseas Chinese in Paris. the plight of the Soviet Jews will join Mar. 31, 1973] After President Nixon's visit to Peking last with me in this important e:ffort. year, Huang held frequent meetings With the CHINA'S U.S. LIAISON Is MAN OF THE ARTS United States Ambassador to France, Arthur Huang Chen, one of China's most seasoned K. Watson, within the framework of the diplomats and a figure of marked importance opening stages of the new Chinese-U.S. re­ within the country's Communist party, was lationship. UNITED STATES-RED CHINA named yesterday to head China's liaison of­ They exchanged gifts, Huang presenting DIPLOMATIC EXCHANGE flee in Washington. Watson with Mao-Ta.i, a. Chinese brandy, In his 64 years Huang has been a. soldier, and Watson recriproca.ting with bourbon. propagandist, playwright and artist. His in­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK terest in the arts, fostered in his early years, OF LOUISIANA remains lively today. Central to Huang's life, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES however, has been an unflagging dedication to China's Communist party, a loyalty that EXTRA DIVIDENDS ON A SMALL Monday, April 2, 1973 goes back at least 42 years and has rewarded FINANCIAL INVESTMENT IN THE him with membership in the party's central DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the United committee. States-Red China diplomatic exchange Huang Chen was born into a peasant fam­ has now been announced. ily in southwest Anhwei and went to school Here in Washington we get Gen. HON. J. EDWARD ROUSH in Anching, a. Yangtze port city 30 miles OF INDIANA Huang Chen, one of Mao's most dedi­ from his birthplace. He graduated from the cated Communist fanatics. fine arts academy in Shanghai and remains IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In turn, we send to Peking Alfred L. one of the few Chinese in high positions to Monday, April 2, 1973 Jenkins, David K. E. Bruce, John Hold­ have had training in this field. At the age of 23 he became a party member Mr. ROUSH. Mr. Speaker, committee ridge, and Charles W. Freeman. and served as a political commissar at the di­ responsibilities often require Members of As the usual dealings with the Reds, visional level when the Communist head­ Congress to travel great distances to ac­ they gain by sending us trained agents. quarters was in the southwestern part of quire information on matters related to I insert the related news clippings: Kiangsi Province. their committee work. [From the Washington Star and Dally News, He fought with the Red Army of Mao Tse­ Last Friday I took a short triP-Some April 1, 1973] tung and Chu Teh and at one time com­ manded a regiment, the 13th, which belonged 5 miles from the Capitol and by car a 7- TEAM OF DIPLOMATS LEAVES FOR PEKING to the Third Army Corps. Later he served as minute ride-to the Congress Heights A five-member State Department advance a propaganda worker, and while on the Long section of the District of Columbia. I team left yesterday en route to Peking to es­ March from Kiangsi to the new base in wanted to learn more about the lives of tablish a 'liaison mission" for the first formal Yenan, he wrote two plays that were staged the people there since I am a new mem­ U.S. diplomatic dealings with mainland just before the Red Army made the difficult ber of the District of Columbia Subcom­ China in more than two decades. crossing of the upper Yangtze in the spring The group, headed by China expert Al­ of 1935. mittee of the House Appropriations Com­ fred L. Jenkins, flew commercially by way During this period Huang made sketches mittee. of Chicago to Hong Kong, where its members of the Red Army in the field, some of which I went in particular to observe the ac­ wm confer with officials of the U.S. Con­ were published in book form in 1962 under tivities of a community group that has sulate General before entering China April the title "A Collection of Drawings During organized itself there as the Mission of 5. the Long March." Community Concern. It is nonpartisan; Jenkins and his aides wlll make final prep­ Through all of the years that followed nondenominational. I was so impressed arations for the arrival of David K. E. Huang combined a.n active m111ta.ry career by the work of this group--accomplished Bruce, one of the nation's most seasoned dip­ with political groundwork for the party lomats whom President Nixon brought out of when the central government was formed on a shoestring finacially-that I would retirement to head the Peking mission. in the fall of 1949, after the Nationalists were like to describe to you what I saw and The Chinese said their own advance party driven from the mainland, he was working in what I learned. wlli arrive in Washington some time in April the political department of the people's Rev­ Two members of my staff and I first to prepare for the opening of the mission olutionary Military council, the highest mm­ went to the small office on Martin Luther here. The two liaison offices--embassies in all tary organ of the government, with the rank King Boulevard maintained by Father but name--will open for business simultane­ of general. Shane MacCarthy, a priest from As­ ously in early May. Bruce has said he will be The following year Huang was assigned to in in Peking by then. the foreign ministry and was named Peking's sumption parish the neighborhood, Peking announced Friday that its chief of first ambassador to Hungary. In 1954 he was who is the organizing genius behind the mission wlll be Huang Chen, who has been reassigned to Indonesia. It was during this group, but who would be the first to say serving as ambassador to France and is re­ period that the Afro-Asian conference was that the success of the Mission derives garded in Washington as the top diplomat of held in Ba.ndung, and Huang, as part of the from the work of everybody involved­ the People's Republic of China. He is the Chinese delegation headed by Premier Chou and I met them all. In that small office, only envoy known to be a. member of the En-lai, was successful in establishing China Will Hudgins, the project director, and Communist Central Committee. as a. friend of the small Asian and African Bruce will be accompanied to Peking by countries. Valentine Burroughs, the social services John Holdridge, a member of the President's During his stay in Jakarta relationships director, initiated us to the work that is National Security Councll who will share were strained over the treatment of the three being done out of an office in Hart Junior with Jenkins the title of deputy chief of million Chinese in Indonesia often victims High and a youth recreation center. mission. Holdridge 1s described as a protege of blatant discr1mlnation and the target of The Mission of Community Concern of presidential adviser Henry A. Kissinger, riots. Finally a treaty was signed in 1960, functions as an educational-recreational who made the arrangements for Nixon's trip after six years of negotiations. service for the large number of students to China last year. From 1961 to 1964 Huang served in Peking in that area who are truants and drop­ Among those accompanying Jenkins on as deputy minister of foreign affairs, a pe­ outs from school. Operating on large the advance assignment, and also to remain riod during which he tried to consolidate the measures of faith, hope, and charity are April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10625 20 full-time personnel, 8 full-time ities at the center, and the swimming was certainly enriched by my experience Neighborhood Youth workers, 6 regular activities away from the center. They on last Friday and humbled by the exam­ volunteers, 3 part-time professional make sure kids who come to the dances ple I was given. staff people. They manage to provide stay there, when the parents request services for some 1,200 people-direct and that they do so. indirect-on a grant of $66,000 from the I can tell you that I was most impressed Department of Health, Education, and with these men. I talked with them. I WELCOME FOR THIEU Welfare's Youth Development and De­ saw the work they were doing. I even linquency Prevention Administration. asked them if the parents resented their The services performed include the op­ helping the kids because of their back­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM eration of a recreation center headed by ground and if the kids looked up to them OF NEW YORK a full-time director, Gilbert Hall, where for the same background. In both cases IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES youth come for chaperoned dances, for the anwer was "No." The parents, they art lessons conducted in connection with said, responded to someone caring about Monday, April 2, 1973 Trinity College's art department, for their children. For example, at the rec­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, on the games, for modern dance lessons, home­ reation center, if a child misbehaves he matter of South Vietnamese President making courses, for friendship, even or she is not thrown out, but taken home Thieu's visit and the cqntinuing impris­ babysitting. Membership is free and because they want the parents to know onment and mistreatment by his gov­ cards are distributed-if they are lost a what the child is up to and what is ernment of civilian political prisoners, fee is exacted-so the center knows how needed to work with that child. As far which is the subject of a special order many youths are involved in their varied as admiration for their prison record today by Mr. DRINAN, a most relevant activities. is concerned, the Lorton men felt that and thought-provoking article appeared At Hart Junior High School, Val Bur­ their lives were an example of what not in today's New York Times. That article, roughs runs an office, staffed by VISTA to do, since they had been there and entitled "Whom We Welcome," by re­ and other volunteers. Here they are ac­ found it not so good. They felt the kids porter Anthony Lewis, follows: cessible to the students all day and from saw that clearly. [From the New York Times, Apr. 2, 1973) here they seek to bring truants back into Before the day was over I was feasted the classroom. A special class is con­ at a luncheon prepared especially in hon­ WHOM WE WELCOME ducted by the volunteers in this program or of the occasion by Mrs. Conyers, the (By Anthony Lewis) LONDON.-Those with weak stomachs for to help students who have missed out mother of one of the Lorton workers. I the unpleasant should stop reading now. on classroom work or never reached the never tasted such good crab cakes before. "It is not really proper to call them men academic level their age required. Math, There was a delicious salad and macaroni any more. 'Shapes' is a better word-gro­ English, history are key subjects handled and cheese; fruit punch and chocolate tesque sculptures of scarred flesh and gnarled in this class. frosted cake. And we all had our picture limbs . . . years of being shackled in the I visited Hart Junior High. I listened taken together. I left there feeling that tiger cages have forced them into a perma­ while Val and the social services workers I had made some very good friends, peo­ nent pretzel-like crouch. They move like described how they tutored the children ple for whom I have great respect. crabs, skittering across the floor on buttocks there, what they did when they visited As I made this visit I reflected on our and palms." That was a description in Time magazine the children's families and how they present fiscal crisis and the need for cost­ recently of an exceptional group of beings: showed them ways to be supportive to effective social programs, those with former political prisoners in South Vietnam. their children in their schoolwork. definable benefits. I remembered being They are exceptional because they exist. About half a mile away at the Linda told that 400 youth had crammed into Those who go to South Vietnam's prison is­ Pollin apartments. I visited the youth the youth center the night before for a land, Con Son, rarely emerge in any living recreation center. I have a copy of the dance. The youth center is obviously do­ form. March calendar of events indicating ing something right to get that number The Time report, filed by David DeVoss, that four and five events are scheduled there. And since this is the only recrea­ quoted one of the men as saying he had oeen arrested one day in a park, with his wife and daily. starting at 4: 30 p.m. These include tion center in the immediate neighbor­ children. "The pollee attached electrodes to dances and pingpong tournaments, spe­ hood, I was struck with the thought that my genitals," he said, "broke my fingers and cial classes, and group activities away these same kids might well have gotten hung me from the ceillng by my feet. They from the center. There is an elected into a great deal of trouble had this ac­ did these things to my wife, too, and forced youth council which meets weekly with tivity not been arranged for them and my children to watch." Mr. Hall to discuss the schedule. chaperoned with care. In the tiger-cage cells on Con Son, the re­ Other services provided include taking If there were an award offered for the port said, "water was limited to three swal­ children to the Baltimore Bullets basket­ best of Federal moneys, I am sure that lows a day, forcing prisoners to drink urine. the Mission of Community COncern Those who pleaded for more food were ball game-free--and once to a special splashed with lye or poked with long bamboo Kennedy Center performance when a would take the prize. I told Father poles." charitable contribution made this pos­ Maccarthy that I thought he should be That picture of what happens to those ar­ sible. There are visits to a swimming working for the Appropriations Commit­ rested by the Saigon Government on political pool at a local military facility and a tee of the Congress. Somehow, I think suspicion is the same as many other consci­ special summer camp is planned this he likes what he is doing better. entious and unhysterical observers have year. There is no question that these dedi­ given. Some of the evidence is so much more One of the most interesting features of cated people are enlarging the lives of horrible that no paper would want to print the children of the Congress Heights area it; reading it, no one could doubt that a large all this is the people who do the work. number of prisoners in South Vietnam suffer I cannot talk about them all but I would and through them, the parents. Through­ systematic torture and starvation. like to point out that among the volun­ out our conversations I was impressed But why mention it now? Americans are teers who are full time are six men on re­ with the way in which the parents were trying to forget Vietnam, and they have lease-for this work-from Lorton Re­ always brought into the picture. This is never shown much interest in the torments formatory. Six days a week they are one of the cardinal principles of their of the political prisoners anyway. Well, the picked up, brought to Congress Heights operation. answer is that an occasion makes remember­ and paid the handsome sum of $5 a day This Mission of Community Concern ing a duty. That is the forthcoming visit to by the Mission-at no cost to the Dis­ is encouraging kids to stay in school, President Nixon in San Clemente by the trict--for multiple services. One of the helping them to study, supplying motiva­ South Vietnamese President, Nguyen Van Lorton men visits the parents of truant tion to do so; introducing them to new Thieu. children; another one conducts an amaz­ experiences that are educational and Delicacy of feeling is a luxury that govern­ ments seldom feel they can afford in inter­ ing class for children who are under­ social. In many cases lives and futures national relations. I! we restricted our re­ achievers. I visited that classroom and are being salvaged. The individuals who lations to those regimes whose standards of was awed at the quiet and concentration are involved in the Mission of Com­ justice and decency we approve, it might of children interrupted by visitors. These munity Concern are doing this commu­ be rather a limited list. Realism requires us I.orton men also supervise athletic activ- nity and their Nation a great service. I to do business with all sorts of governments, 10626 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 Communist dictatorships and rightist tyr­ American and the Presidential flags, are that the absurdities of the 1972 campaign annies among them. two men: "Bugging" and "Espionage." must not be allowed to blacken those who But doing business is quite a. different mat­ The editorial follows: work hard and honestly in the vineyards of ter !rom giving a. symbolic stamp o! ap­ democratic government. WATERGATE'S STINK Wn.L LINGER LoNG proval. There are credible arguments !or In the long run, accepting the necessity keeping up links with South Africa. and James J. Kilpatrick is a newspP.per column­ for an ever-alert skepticism and querulous­ Greece, !or example, but it would be another ist who is known not only for his con­ ness on the part of the citizenry and press, thing to invite Prime Minister Vorster or servative views, but also for his writing style democratic government must rest ultimately Premier Papadopoulos to the United States. and high regard for choosing the right word. on the trust of the people in their govern­ In the case o! President Thieu, it is easy So, when speaking to a Flint audience, he ment, upon their final decision that those to understand the reason for his visit. He declared, "The whole Watergate bugging they have elected are fundamentally acting has proved a. much stronger, more durable business stinks" he was not falUng into the in their behalf and, within the limits of leader than most o! us who have been his vernacular, but choosing the best words to human frailty, are worthy of their support. critics expected. His determination made it describe the mess. Watergate and all it represents, does in­ possible !or Mr. Nixon to get American forces Despite an investigation by the Senate credible damage to that trust no matter on out of Vietnam as he wanted to, without Judiciary Committee, it is highly unlikely which side of the political fence one chooses a. final political settlement. there will be a definitive answer to how to stand. But even within the scope of the Nixon h'igh up in the White House the responsibil­ That is why the stink of Watergate, goes policy, it is questionable wisdom to give ity for Watergate rests. beyond the immediate vicinity and pene­ Thieu the accolade of an American trip. The Bruce Biossat, Newspaper Enterprise Assn. trates far up in the administration. It will interest o! the United States now is to en­ columnist who appears on these pages, thinks linger until the President chooses to let in courage an indigenous political process in it highly improbable that the President was the air at whatever cost to his aides. South Vietnam, a peaceful evolution away aware of the spying until it exploded and from the polarization of the war. Our di­ that it is not likely the few men closest rect military role is about over, now we want to the President were aware of plans for di­ to move toward a period of political benign rect bugging of the Democratic headquarters neglect. at Watergate. FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD CON­ President Thieu is of course a. polarizing His logic is good: The President was con­ TROL OF COMMODITY FUTURES figure par excellence. Neutralism is a. crime scious of the great advantage he held over MARKET in his universe. To show a. continued Amer­ the Democrats at the time, he is too smart ican investment in his pre-eminence must a politician and lawyer to take such risks for inhibit any process of peaceful change-and, so little gain and he probably would have HON. BILL FRENZEL once again, unnecessarily commit American considered the project counterproductive. OF MINNESOTA prestige. We link our destiny to his. St1ll it is generally conceded somebody That is the commonsense political argu­ with considerable authority--enough to have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment against welcoming Niguyen Van Thieu control over large suins of campaign funds Monday, April 2, 1973 to the United States. But there is also, in­ and a recognized power to set policy-had to escapably, the argument or feeling. The world be involved. And even if the top level of the Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, the is full of cruelties, and we cannot cure them, Nixon campaign organization or administra­ House Banking Committee chairman but it is not necessary to proclaim our in­ tion was not aware of the plot, the stench has announced markup sessions begin­ sensitivity by such a. symbolic act. clings because Nixon has retreated behind ning tomorrow on his bill, H.R. 6168. The Estimates o! the number of political pris­ executive privilege, political power and per­ bill contains a provision mandating oners in South Vietnam range up to 300,- sonal loyalties rather than to try to root out Federal Reserve Board Control of Com­ 000. The leading American authority, Dan the mess. modity Futures Markets. Luce, puts the figure at 200,000. Half that, It is not enough to dismiss the whole busi­ 100,000, is the equivalent in population terms ness as one of gross stupidity and almost No participants in futures markets of more than 1 mlllion political prisoners in incredible bungling. The damage is not re­ have been a-sked to testify before the the United States. stricted to the Republican party's political committee. No other expert witness has A Frenchman who spent more than two standing. mentioned this subject except in re­ years in South Vietnamese prisons, Jean­ The grievous harm in the Watergate affair sponse to questions from sponsoring Pierre Debris, spoke recently of the apparent and all its ramifications (hidden political members of the committee. American indifference to the problem. He funds, FBI files, confessions of criminal ac­ Members of the Minneapolis Grain said: tivities under the guise of political cam­ Exchange have been concerned that "If they could bring one Vietnamese from paigning and the widening of the split be­ the tiger cages of Con Son to the United tween Congress and the administration) lies legislation might be enacted without States, and people could just look at him, in the damage done to our political system. study or debate. They have caused me to that would be enough. He would not have It feeds and swells the ranks of those who be furnished with a copy of a statement to speak English. There would be no need have accepted the theory that "politics is a by W. F. Brooks of the National Grain of press conferences, articles, speeches. If the rotten business" and that conspiracy and Council, which I am informed they have American people could just see that one deviousness and greed is the name of the endorsed. man, half-blind, unable to walk, tubercular, game. The Brooks statement follows. It is scarred, it would be enough." It is these people, although they deplore their version of politics, who will buy the rich in the history of congressional re­ "defense" of some apologists for the party jections of similar proposals. As in the that Watergate was just a different way of past, there is no reason to have this pro­ WATERGATE'S STINK WILL playing the same old game, that it was a vision slipped through the Congress now. LINGER LONG modernization of the rules and not a STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL GRAIN TRADE change. But it is not true. Spying and wire­ CoUN en. tapping are not variations but a retreat to My name is William F. Brooks. I am Presi­ HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. the days of voting cemetery lots and steal­ dent and General Counsel of the National ing ballot boxes. They are a new, insidious OF MICHIGAN Grain Trade Council. We appreciate this op­ and degrading ingredient in politics-and portunity of registering our views against IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who speak so highly of the "old vir­ the approval, by House Committee on Bank­ Monday, April 2, 1973 tures" of yesterday and who praise personal ing and Currency, Section 206 of H.R. 6168. integrity and self-reliance should realize it. The stated purpose of this section is to Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, I would like In discussing Watergate, Biossat writes: prevent "excessive speculation in and the to bring the following editorial from the "Most of the newsmen who cover politics excessive use of credit for, the creation, Flint Journal of March 25, 1973, to the hard and long don't accept the conspiratorial carrying or trading in commodity futures attention of all those concerned with the theory, the idea that all politicians are dis­ contracts, having the effect of inflating con­ honest, the notion that the reality is always sumer prices and industrial costs". To ac­ impact of the Watergate affair on Amer­ hidden and never easily unearthed. They find ican politics. The editorial was illus­ complish this, the Board of Governors of the hundreds of "clean" politicians, find them Federal Reserve would prescribe regula­ trated by a cartoon which depicts the often more hard-working and dedicated than tions which apparently would give the President delivering the message, "When xnen in almost any other field, find them con­ Federal Reserve System the same powers to we fail to make this criminal pay for his genial, balanced people with a constructive, set Inargln requirements in connection with crime, we encourage him to think that hopeful outlook." trading in commodity futures contracts that The stench from VVatergate provides am­ it now holds in the setting of margins for crime will pay ..." We see the Presi­ munition for the conspiratorial theorists, it credit transactions on the stock exchanges. dent sitting at his desk while on either diminishes the defenses of those who agree On a number of occasions Congressional side of his chair, concealed under the with the opinion of Biossat (one we share) comlnittees have studied proposals whicb ,,

April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10627 would grant to government officials authority ment required to obtain title to stock, or tural. The order to sign may have been re­ to set margin requirements on futures trans­ goods and chattels, or real estate. quired because the then Secretary of Agri­ actions in commodities. We have opposed There is no analogy between these trans­ culture believed then, as we do now, that it this grant of authority because in our con­ actions. is not necessary but rather harmful and sidered Judgment, no public official or group In spe~ulative securities transactions dangerous for the Government, through the of public officials, such as the Board of Gov­ actual title to the number of securities traded exercise of control over margins in specula­ ernors, are so omniscient as to determine passes from the seller to the buyer. The tive contracts for future delivery, to interfere when speculation might become excessive in speculator in securities deposits his own with the mechanism of free, open, competi­ commodity transactions and to determine money in the amount required by the Fed­ tive markets, and that a.ttempts to control when any degree of speculation in commod­ eral Reserve Board to obtain title to the se­ prices through this interference wm not ity futures contracts would have the effect curities, and his broker then loans the bal­ work. of inflating consumer prices. ance, either from his own funds or from a It is significant that shortly thereafter, We are convinced that speculative trans­ lending bank to complete payment for the and before the decree became effective, Con­ actions have little effect on the price paid by transactions. In speculative securities trans­ gress repealed the law under which the de­ consumers for commodities and that spec­ actions actual title to securities, evidencing cree was issued. ulation is not a basic factor in determining the acquisition or disposal of an equity, This decision of Congress to remove (from the general level of prices in the long run. passes from a seller to a buyer. the control sphere of the Government) con­ We doubt that it 1s an appreciable factor even So, too, as to transactions involving goods trol over margins was undoubtedly a deci­ in the short run and we are quite certain and chattels or real estate. There, purchasers sion based on full consideration of the merits that relatively little credit 1s used in con­ obtain a title by making a down payment of the question whether the Government nection with futures trading. and arrange to pay the balance either with should have authority to set margins on The proposal embodied in Section 206 1s the seller or through a bank on terms satis­ future transactions in commodities. What­ based on a misconception of the nature of factory to the buyer, the seller, and the bank. ever the Congressional reason then, it is ob­ commodity contracts markets, on the nature The buyer receives a title to something tang­ vious that in view of subsequent legislative of trading in commodity futures contracts, ible-something he can use-something he events, Congress has been consistently con­ and on the functions of margins in connec­ can deal with--subject, of course, to the vinced thereafter that there was little or no tion with the commodity futures contracts rights of the lender-the seller or the bank­ merit in the request that the Government when attempts are made to draw an analogy as those rights may be defined in a chattel should have this authority. between them and the down payment re­ mortgage or mortgage deed. In 1947 the Joint Committee on the Eco• quired to obtain a title to stock or goods and In transactions covering agreements to nomic Report held extensive hearings on chattels or real estate. sell or buy commodities for future delivery prices throughout the country and in Wash• Organized contract markets are recognized or receipt, no title passes to the buyer and ington. During these hearings people con• commercial institutions. Most of the com­ no title passes from the seller. Each party nected with all segments of those industries modities for which futures trading 1s avail­ to such a contract entered into on a com­ that make use of futures markets testified able, are subject to the Commodity Exchange modity exchange deposits with his broker an on the operation of those markets. They ex­ Act. Additional commodities may become amount of earnest money to assure com­ plaJned the operation of those markets; the subject to this Act. pliance with the contract when, in the fu­ function of the speculator; the contribution These recognized commercial institutions ture, it matures, or until an offsetting con­ he makes to a market's liquidity; the use make possible an orderly movement of agri­ tract is entered into. Only lf the contract of markets, in view of their liquidity, by cultural commodities from production to is completed by delivery, when it matures, producers, handlers, processors, exporters, consumption. Their operations assure a does a title pass. And then, contrary to the and others, in buying, storing, processing and rough equality on the buying and selling practice in transactions involving securities exporting to insure inventories; and how, in sides of the market. The availabtllty of fu­ or goods and chattels or real estate, full pay­ v1ew of these uses, sellers of the Nation's tures contracts makes substantial contribu­ ment must be made. grains are not left to the mercy of a few tions to the financing of crops as they are Implicit in each futures transaction is or a single buyer; and buyers of the Na­ planted, harvested, and start thereafter an intention on •the buyer's part to make de­ tion's grains, as it moves from production through the marketing channels to ultimate livery, and on the seller's part to take de­ into consumption, are not left to the mercy end users. Speculation within the commodity livery. These obligations often are liqui­ of a few or a single seller. markets makes hedging possible and permits dated by offsetting trades. To the extent All opposed the suggestion that the Gov­ the operation of the Nation's low-cost ef­ tthat they are not so offset, delivery will be ernment should be granted the authority to ficient grain marketing system. made by the seller and title to the grain cov­ set margins on speculative transactions. At The grain marketing system, because of ered by the contract wm be accepted by the that time, as now, the proponents of the the availab111ty of futures markets where buyer. suggestion stated that this authority was people trade in futures contracts covering The experience of late 1947 as to grain needed to prevent excessive speculation. They grain, is a highly competitive, low-cost mar­ prices, indicates that in commodity markets, agreed then, and they agree now that fu­ keting system. The function performed by where the volume of speculative trading has tures markets, including speculation, per­ futures markets is to register the forces of been limited, prices react in response to SUip­ form an economic function in moving crops supply and demand by open publlc trading. ply and demand factors. In October of 1947, for, by them, hedging is possible. They agreed In doing this through the medium of futures as demanded by the President, a 33% per­ then and seem to agree now, that specula­ transactions, producers, processors, export­ cent margin was set by the exchanges for tion is a stabilizing force and that its pres­ ers, and others are offered an opportunity speculative transactions. At that time May ence in open regulated market places "focuses to obtain price insurance that today they (1948) wheat at Kansas City was selling all of the forces that affect price in one may agree to deliver in the future something at $2.62%,. May wheat continued upward. place where everybody can see it". they may not now own, or that today they reaching nearly $3.00. During this period the Since that date responsible committees of may agree to take delivery in the future of markets lost much if not all their liquidity, Congress have studied proposals to grant con­ goods they may now a!lticipate they w1ll and such trades as were available to hedg­ trol to the Government to set margin re­ need, or that today they may obtain a price ers--processors or exporters, county and quirements in connection with trading in certain for commodities they are buying or terminal handlers--caused rather wide commodity futures contracts. have bought and intend to carry awaiting changes in prices. In February 1948, the Senate Committee sales or use for processing. Through trading No compelling public interest eXisted dur­ on Agriculture held hearings on a blll which, on exchanges, a steady flow of commodities ing World War II to require the Government if enacted, would have granted margin con­ moves from production into consumption. to attempt to govern the margin require­ trol authority. Hearings on this bill (S. 1881, The rules of futures markets require that ments necessary to contract, as a speculator, 80th Congress, 2nd Session) extended over the users of these markets deposit collateral for the purchase or sale of commodities for four days with a number of witnesses from in the form of margins, to guarantee the future delivery. It was not until April 1946 the administrat ion, the farm groups and performance of their contracts. The mini­ that the OPA attempted to exercise such industry interested in futures trading, ap­ mum margin to be deposited is determined authority. At that time this agency decreed pearing before the Committee. This Senate by the governing boards of contracts mar­ that margins on new speculative trades in Committee after hearings and study of the kets. Futures commission merchants can and cotton futures should be $50 a bale on trans­ testimony produced at these hearings, took often do require deposits in excess of the actions based on a price above 28 cents a no action. minimum established by governing boards. pound. If news stories describing the pro­ In the 81st Congress, companion bills-H.R. The minimums required are subject to con­ mulgation of this order are accurate, the 4685 and S. 1751, embodying the same pro­ stant review. They vary by commodities, by then Secretary of Agriculture signed the or­ posal, were referred to appropriate commit­ type of trade, and may be different for dif­ der after he had been "ordered by Economic tees. ferent delivery months. Stabilizer Bowles to sign it". Mr. Bowles at Neither bill was reported. Attempts are at times made to draw an that time stated as the reason for the order A Subcommittee of the House Commit­ analogy between the margin required to en­ "the prevention of further speculative rises tee on Agriculture was named to study H.R. ter into a contract for the future sale or pur­ 1n cotton". Why he t'hen had to order the 4685, and conducted an investigation into chase of a commodity, and the down pay- Secretary o! Agriculture to sign is conjec- the operation of commodity exchanges. 10628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 Thereafter this Subcommittee recommend­ IN APPRECIATION OF EARLE B. ell of St. Thomas and St. John; was thereafter ed that no new and additional regulation of OTTLEY re-elected to that body continuously through commodity exchanges appeared necessary. 1954; was elected to the First Legislature of In 1950 and 1951, in connection with the the Virgin Islands in 1954; and has since Defense Production Act and its extension, been re-elected to each succeeding Legisla­ the House and Senate Committees on Bank­ HON. RON DE LUGO ture through the Ninth, now sitting; and ing and currency, considered proposals to OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Whereas over the years, Senator Earle B. grant to the Government authority to set IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ottley has held several legislative offices, in­ margins in connection with trading in com­ Monday, April 2, 1973 cluding that of President of the Legislature, modity futures contracts. Congress did not has served on every important committee of approve the grant of this authority. Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, when the the Legislature and has been chairman of In 1966, a Subcommittee of the House Com­ lOth Legislature ·of the Virgin Islands many, including the Committee on Rules and mittee on Agriculture held hearings on a the Committee on Finance, has served on bill which would have granted a number of convened January 8, 1973, it was the first time in 26 years that the legislative numerous public boards and commissions, authorities to the Secretary of Agriculture, and is now Chairman of the Second Constitu­ including the authority to set margins on branch of the Government of the Virgin tional Convention of the Virgin Islands; and commodity futures contracts. According to Islands could not boast of Earle B. Ottley Whereas during his twenty-six years of the U.P. ticker of April 6, 1966, Congress­ as one of its members. The legislature, service, Senator Earle B. Ottley has been a man Matsunaga, after the hearings had been not to mention the people it represents, champion of the rights and welfare of the concluded told newsmen that if this Com­ is certainly much poorer for Senator people of the Virgin Islands and has spon­ mittee approved any part of the b11lit would sored and pushed to fruition important leg­ only be in greatly modified form. The same Ottley's determination to retire. As the primary driving force of the islation in many fields of public endeavor, news item reported that comments by other including labor and employment, workinen's subcommittee members indicated the margin senate, Earle Ottley was responsible for compensation, homesteading, housing, control section of the b111 was not expected more social legislation beneficial to the health, education, social welfare, etc.; and to survive. people he represented than perhaps any Whereas Senator Earle B. Ottley was one That Subcommittee did not report a bill. single individual has been in any com­ of the chief architects of the Election Code During the 90th Congress, a Subcommittee parable circumstances. He accomplished of 1963, which code was an outstanding con­ of the House Committee on Banking and tribution to the poUtical development of Currency held hearings on H.R. 11601. Sec­ this laudable record by virtue of a su­ perb ability as a legislative tactician and the Virgin Islands, due to the fact that it tion 207 of that blll was nearly identical to transformed temporary political associations the provisions of Section 206 of H.R. 6168 a unique grasp of the governing proc­ gtm power of the states to regulate abortions. article, and include it in the REcORD: its poverty clientele and, in many cases, "just 3. Increased trade with China and the So­ USE OF ANTIPOVERTY FuNDS TO STAGE off the street," OEO investigators said. viet Union. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PROTEST RALLIES All employes of OEO-funded agencies who 4. Longer sentence including mandatory Is CHARGED made the trip (about 380 in all) were given life for traffick~rs in heroin. (By Seth Kantor and John E. Peterson) the day {Wednesday, a normal working day) 5. War Powers legislat ion requiring Con­ WASHINGTON.-Federal authorities are in­ off with full pay. And the agencies were shut gressional consent to a commitment of U.S. vestigating the alleged use of Office of Eco­ down. armed forces to hostilities. nomic Opportunity ( OEO) funds to sponsor The nine employes of EOCNC who refused 6. Plans to construct nuclear power plants rallies in Washington, protesting recent fed­ to make the trip were fired without notice in the Hudson Valley to provide power for eral cutbacks in anti-povetry programs. two days later. the MTA. The investigation centers around the Eco­ It was the firing of the nine employes who 7. Diversion of a part of the Highway Trust nomic Opportunity Commission of Nassau declined to gc un the trip to Washington Fund (gasoline tax) to provide int er-city County (EOCNC), a Long Island, N.Y., anti­ that eventually brought the OEO investiga­ and mass transit systems. poverty agency that receives $1.5 million tors into the picture. 8. Removal of the Social Security earnings a year in federal grants from the OEO. One of the employees fired, a woman su­ limitations. OEO investigators said the Long Island pervisor, in charge of training new employes, 9. A lowering of the age, that men and agency, which operates 11 anti-poverty cen­ took her case to James Davis, the president women become eligible for Social Security ters in densely populated ( 1.5 million per­ of the Glen Cove chapter of the NAACP benefits. sons) Nassau County, organized the first of "It didn't take me long to determine that 10. Reconstruction !or North Vietnam. several such protest rallies in the nation's the nine had all been fired in direct viola­ 11. Tax credits !or tuition paid for non­ capital Feb. 7. tion of their civil rights," Davis said public education. More than 3,000 demonstrators from Nas­ "For one thing, the 1967 amendme~ts to 12. Mandatory price controls on raw agri­ sau and adjoining Suffolk County made the the Economic Opportunity Act clearly forbids cultural products and meat. 250-mile trip to Washington and OEO in­ OEO employes to be paid for lobbying And 13. Administration impounding of funds, vestigators estimate the rally may have cost for another, it's highly unconstitutio~al t~ ending or cutting programs in agriculture, the taxpayers nearly $50,000. fire esomeone-particularly !rom a govern­ housing, anti-poverty, urban renewal and OEO investigators also are probing the ment job-for refusing to support a certain water pollution. firing of nine EOCNC employes who refused political persuasion." 14. Tougher environmental standards on to participate in the agency's "March on Davi3 quickly sent a letter demanding a industry. Washington." The nine-all with excellent full-scale investigation of the matter to Angel 15. An increase in the Federal minimum work records-were fired without benefit of Rivera, executive director of OEO's Region 2 wage. notice, two days after the protest. in New York City. 16. With respect t o amnesty tor draft The Feb. 7 protest was followed by a series When Rivera didn't respond Davis con­ evaders, do you favor? of small protests that culminated with a big tacted OEO's headquarters in 'Washington. {check one) rally Feb. 20 that drew some 10,000 social The investigators it dispatched searched :or a. no amnesty workers and their sympathizers from anti­ three days before they found Davis' initial b. conditional amnesty with alternate serv­ poverty agencies along the Eastern Sea­ letter to Rivera-a letter Rivera says he ice requirements board. never saw. c. total amnesty Federal officials are afraid the Feb. 20 pro­ "I heard later that Kearse had some real 17. If you would like to receive future spe­ close friends in the Region 2 office that headed cial reports !rom me, please complete the test also may have been paid for with federal funds and indicate that as many as half­ off trouble for him," Davis said. following information: Last name; first "It's a funny thing that my letter finally name; middle initial. Street address. City and dozen new investigations may be launched before the end of this month. blew the whistle on the Economic Opportu­ State. Zip code. nity Commission because originally we (the "If present indications prove correct," said To help me analyze the results of this poll, NAACP) were all for the lobbying trip to please indicate your age and sex: one high-ranking official, "it's quite possible that middle-level bureaucrats who head these Washington. M: 21-30; 31-45; 46-65; over 65. "In fact, we and a number of other organi­ F: 21-30; 31-45; 46-65; over 65. agencies have spent hundreds thousands of dollars earmarked for services for the poor zations offered to donate funds to help pay Y: 16 and under; 17; 18; 19; 20. for tha trip but Kearse turned us down. He Labor Union: M, F. in a gigantic lobbying effort to save their own jobs." said he didn't need any money and that they Veteran: M, F. weren't going to charge anyone that went Occupation: Answer male, female, or The OEO, now being dismantled by the Nixon administration, is the principal agency "We did help them recruit demonstrato.rs youth. though. They hired 68 buses and they wanted Hourly Employee. conducting various facets of the anti-poverty program. Some of its functions are being tf delay, "All commission staff members who did not new information as possible, on issues we were lucky to find any books left to attend the rally and didn't have a prior ex­ of immediacy and national concern, I audit." cuse were terminated," said EOCNC's public Even though OEO investigators termed information director, Nat Trammel, in a recommend for perusal a recent article statement to the press the day after the which addresses the issue of use and EOCNC's accounting controls "practically firings (Feb. 10). abuse of OEO funds. The Detroit News non-existent," they did manage to uncover One of the fired employes, Mrs. Nancy Rei­ on March 21 printed a story which sug­ a number of facts. Among them: mer, of Rockville Centre, N.Y., said she had gests that OEO funds were used to sub­ The Nassau County agency transferred no warning about her dismissal until she $50,000 from its operating account into a picked up her paycheck on Friday afternoon sidize demonstrations which occurred private "slush fund," a week prior to the (Feb. 9). in the city of Washington, D.C., on Feb­ Washington protest. "Inside my check was a small note that ruary 20, 1973. The Economic Oppor­ Shortly before the rally, EOCNC tapped said, 'you are being terminated because you tunity Commission of Nassau County­ the "slush fund" for $28,000-allegedly to failed to demonstrate concern and agreement EOCNC-was one of the groups respon- charter 68 buses and pay the living expenses with the agency's philosophy! April 2, 1973 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10631 "I was really shocked. I worked for them tion to the product capable of being pro­ sophisticated, and represent a huge invest­ for six years, never had any criticism about duced by Alaska forests are such that ment made over the past ten years by the my work and was rarely sick. Then just like shipments of lumber to Japan in thick­ Japanese, specifically designed for the Alaska tha.t--goodby." lumber trade. There are no other ships avail­ Three days after Trammel's initial state­ nesses of up to a nominal 8 inches must able to Alaska to move Alaska lumber at the ment, Kearse called a press conference and be made in volumes large enough to in­ volume and the loading rates required. If our denied firing the nine because they had re­ sure that the balance of the production export to Japan is cut off, the Japanese ob­ fused to participate in the Washington pro­ which can meet a 4¥2-inch limitation viously will not allow us to use these ships test. can be successfully marketed. If their to move our products into the United States "We were belt-tightening and they just sawmills lose this market, this loss will domestic market. During the time it would weren't productive," he said. "But their fail­ in successive turn substantially wipe out take for other foreign or domestic shipping ure to atte:!ld was one of the factors and may the existing sawmill industry, the pulp to develop the necessary shipping capacity have been the final indicator in our decision." for Alaska's use, the Alaska timber industry Last week, however, Kearse said the firings industry, and the logging industry. Inas­ would have gone out of business. "are no one's business, but our own." much as these industries in combination In the second place, the cost of producing "That --- Nixon is slashing our funds constitute the third largest industry in lumber in Alaska is so much higher over the and these people didn't even care enough to Alaska, and the largest industry in south­ cost of production in the Northwest, that go down there on a. free trip and demon­ east Alaska, the economic disaster befall­ there is simply no way meaningful competi­ strate," he said. "Now they can find out what ing Alaska from this sequence of events tion in the United States domestic market it's like to be on welfare." is self-evident in any context. for Alaska lumber could be achieved. Labor One of the OEO officials brought in to dis­ costs in logging camps and sawmills range mantle that agency and transfer its more Mr. Speaker, I would like to call to the twenty-five to thirty-five percent higher in effective programs to other departments said attention of my colleagues the testimony Alaska over Northwest costs. Gross logging he runs into similar attitudes quite often. of the Alaska Lumber Association and costs exceed Northwest costs by 35--40%. "We're all for helping the poor," he said, the Alaska Loggers' Association and urge Local purchase costs are twenty-five percent "but, when you ask some of these profes­ that the State of Alaska be exempt from higher than the Northwest. When these high­ sional do-gooders to open their books and the log export restrictions as set out in er costs are considered with the fact that the show you how much of their grants have the Packwood bill: Alaska timber produces a much higher per­ actually gone to the poor, they get this arro­ centage of low grade lumber than does the gant attitude and just about tell you to go THE ALASKA TIMBER INDUSTRY Northwest timber, it becomes obvious that to hell." OPERATIONS AT FULL CAPACrrY the Alaska product cannot be marketed at a "The situation in Nassau County has Today, ninety-five percent of Alaska's saw­ profit in the domestic United States market, prompted us to take a close look at other mills are operating at one hundred percent regardless of a lowering of shipping rates. agencies present at the demonstrations here. capacity. All are operating on two shifts per FOUR AND ONE-HALF INCH LIMrr wn.L NOT Once our investigations are completed, you day. Three shift per day operations are not CREATE MORE JOBS can be sure we will take appropriate action." presently possible, due to the time required Assuming that the Japanese market would "Appropriate action," he said, could mean to perform daily maintenance. The mills op­ accept Alaska's lumber production in sizes cutting off federal funds, giving agencies pro­ erate year around, with shutdowns limited not exceeding four and one-half inches in bation time to shape up or even lead to re­ to those caused by breakdown. Two addi­ thickness, no real benefit to the Alaska econ­ quests that the Justice Department prosecute tional mills will be in operation in 1973, and omy would be achieved. Four and one-half individual officials for fraud and other crimes. these also wlll be operating at one hundred inch lumber can be produced with the same "I wouldn't bet on getting many convic­ percent capacity within the time required equipment as is presently being utilized for tions, though," he said, "because the ac­ to break them in. At present, twelve to four­ six and eight inch lumber without any signi!­ counting conditions have been so lax at many teen different Japanese trading companies icant increase in employment. Production of these agencies that it's often downright are in vigorous competition for the produc­ costs, on the other hand, would increase, be­ impossible to find out where any of the tion of these mills. By way of comparison, in cause the rate of production would neces­ money went." 1967 there was only one such trading com­ sarily fall in accommodation to sawing the A call to the EOCNC yesterday evoked this pany in the Alaska market, none of the mllls lumber down to the smaller dimension. At answer from a switchboard operator: operated the year around, and none of them the same time, although some of Alaska's "No one's here today; you'll have to call were on double shift operations. lumber does in fact bring a fair return from back tomorrow." EXISTING EXPORT REGULATIONS CRrriCAL TO the Japanese market in four inch thick sizes, "Where is everyone?," she was asked. GROWTH most of Alaska's lumber would suffer a re­ "Oh, they've all gone to Albany to lobby," Forest Service regulations controlling the duction in market value if sold in thicknesses she replied. "But they'll be back tomorrow. extent of primary manufacture in Alaska below the present six and eight inches being You call back then." necessary before export to Japan would be used. Here, again, we come back to the prob­ permitted, have been critically important to lem of the high percentage of defect in the development of Alaska's export market Alaska timber. Reducing the thickness limit­ in Japan. Recognizing that Alaska's own do­ ations to four and one-half inches would LOG EXPORTS: THE ALASKAN mestic demand would not support a viable force Alaska mills to cut the defect out and TIMBER INDUSTRY sawmill industry in Alaska within the re­ chip the resulting waste. Leaving the defect growth cycle of Alaska's existing forests, and in, however, permits the Japanese to cut the that Alaska sawmills had little chance of defect out in a manner which gives them ever placing their production into the do­ much more than wood chip recovery from HON. DON YOUNG mestic United States market at a profit, they the defect at higher values than wood chip OF ALASKA did, and still do, permit the export from recovery. In other words, Alaska sawmills can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Alaska of lumber up to a nominal eight sell an eight inch thick piece of lumber to inches in thickness. This limitation was de­ the Japanese at a higher price than could be Monday, April 2, 1973 termined over the years to be the stage of obtained for two four inch pieces. The four Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, primary manufacture which would give inch lumber presently being sold by Alaska on March 28, the Alaska Lumber As­ Alaska the optimum benefits of primary industry to Japan is primarily obtained from manufacture, while at the same time giving trees which, due to their small size, cannot sociation and the Alaska Loggers' Asso­ produce a merchantable product in excess of ciation testified before the Subcommit­ them a market for their product. EFFECT OF .JONES ACT four inches in thickness. As the tree size in­ tee on International Finance of the Sen­ creases, the tree can accommodate the pro­ ate Committee on Banking, Housing and It has often been suggested by those out­ duction of six and eight inch thick lumber Urban Affairs and presented their case side of the Alaska timber industry that a with a higher return to the Alaska timber repeal of the Jones Act would enable the industry and Alaska economy than would with regard to that portion of Senator Alaska lumber to be marketed into the PACKWOOD'S Senate bill 1033 which will be recovered if the industry was forced to domestic United States at a profit, due to the reduce all of their production to the four limit the foreign export of lumber to supposed reduction in shipping rates which and one-half inch limits. 4% inches in thickness. would follow if we were permitted to use Simply, their position is this: If the foreign bottoms to move our product. As we JAPAN WILL LOOK TO OTHER SOURCES Alaska timber industry is forced to re­ stated at the round log hearings held in The question may well be asked, and often January of 1968, this is simply not so for has been, as to why we cannot force the duce the maximum thickness of its for­ several reasons. Japanese market to accept a more finished eign export lumber to 4¥2 inches, it will In the first place, Alaska lumber is being product from Alaska than is presently ex­ lose the Japanese lumber export market. lifted by Japanese ships with capacities in ported under existing Forest Service regula­ Ninety-five percent of Alaska's sawmill excess of eight million board feet. This lum­ tions. As earlier mentioned, the Japanese production is exported to Japan. The ber is loaded at rates in excess of one mll­ tlm.ber industry is one essentially of remanu­ economics of export marketing in rela- lion board feet per day, the ships are highly facture. Over thirty-six thousand sawmills 10632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 are involved. If the Japanese market accept­ tiona! Forest. Employment in these camps becomes readily apparent that no place else ed finished lumber, these mills would go out ranges from a low of two men for the smaller in the United States requires this huge an of business. camps to two hundred men for the largest investment to harvest this fairly insignifi­ Before Japan wllllet that happen, she wlll camps. The larger camps are in fact small cant volume of trees (insignificant when exhaust every effort to keep these mllls in communities, including streets, family hous­ compared to the 1972 harvest in Washing­ operation. If Alaska can't supply Japan with ing, schools, sanitary facilities, power plants, ton, Oregon, and California). a product suitable for remanufacture, Can­ water systems, airplane and boat loading Further contributing to the loggers' cost ada wlll be (and has been) more than wlll­ fa.c111ties, machine and repair shops, supply dilemma has been the fact of the over ma­ ing to do so. Alaska's present export to Japan warehouses, bulk fuel supply storages, as turity of the trees in the Tongass National is in direct competition with Canadian ex­ well as the customary bunkhouses and mess Forest. This over maturity causes a signif­ port, and Alaska's penetration into the houses. icant volume of what the logger cuts down Japanese market is based principally upon The Tonga.ss National Forest consists of to be left behind, because he could not be being able to produce lumber up to eight twenty-five thousand square miles, 17% of paid for gathering it up and shipping it to and one-half inches in thickness, rather than which contains presently merchantable tim­ the market. The reason he could not get paid upon the inab111ty of Canada to meet the ber stands and extends through the Alexan­ feyr this effort was simply because there was volume demands of the Japanese market. der Archipelago for a. distance of four hun­ no market price available which would sup­ As the pinch on Japan's wood sources in­ dred miles . along the coast of Southeast port the cost of getting the product to the creases, the need for Japan to make favor­ Alaska.. Within this area are located 18 vil­ market. The loss sustained in removing the able arrangements with Russia for access to lages, towns and cities ranging in popula­ defect from the logs shipped to market was its huge volumes of soft wood timber could tion from twenty people to eight thousand carried by the logger himself. As with the well lead to arrangements being worked out people. The logging operations and logging pulp mtlls, the logging industry within the between them to resolve Japan's wood short­ camps are remote from these "population past few years has been faced with Uttle age. Once either Canada or Russia or both centers". and access to these camps is limited chance of survival unless the end product take up the slack caused by Alaska's forced to travel by airplane or by boat. All em­ recovery value could be raised to support the withdrawal from the market, there would be ployees, fa.mllies, supplies, and equipment extreme costs of logging. The present a.b111ty little hope of Alaska ever being sble to re­ must be first imported into Alaska., and then of the logging industry in Alaska. to survive enter the Japanese market on any terms. transhipped by boat or air to the camps. is directly dependent upon the continued growth and development of the Alaska sa.w­ THE ALASKA PULP INDUSTRY The logging product itself must be truck hauled from the cutting areas for distances mtll industry. With the development of the Initial large scale utilization of Southeast up to forty miles, dumped in the tide water Alaska sawmill industry, as we know it to­ Alaska timber commenced in the early 1950's for bundling and rafting, and then towed to day, and as we expect it to expand, the end with the construction of a dissolving pulp the mills and storage areas for distances up value of what the logger produces has in­ mill at Ketchikan, Alaska, and a dissolving to two hundred miles. creased to the point where logging costs can pulp mill at Sitka, Alaska. All of the pulp All logging in the Tongass National Forest be covered, and profits anticipated. The a.bil­ production of the Sitka mill goes into for­ is conducted under multiple use concepts, ity of the sawmills, through the export of eign export (Japan), and eighty percent of and consequently the technique of merely their product to Japan, to develop a highly the Ketchikan pulp mill's production goes "punching in" a logging road to the cutting integrated operation with the pulp mllls, has into the domestic United States market, and areas is lost to history. Alaska logging roads resulted in the recovery of end product values twenty percent goes into foreign export are constructed to Forest Service standards, which simply did not exist five years ago. As (Mexico and South America). The Ketchikan and many are designed to furnish continued previously mentioned, for example, in 1972, pulp mill supplies twenty-five percent of the access to the forests long after the logger has fifty million board feet of logs were released United States domestic requirement for dis­ moved on to another cutting location. Since from pulping (at no reduction 1n pulp pro­ solving pulp. 1954, over 2,000 miles of such roads have duction) fCYr sawmill use at a far greater Original investment costs for these two been constructed in the Tongass National return than is possible from pulp use. Com­ mllls exceeded $152,000,000.00 dollars. Since Forest by the logger at his own expense. The mencing in 1973, the logger is starting on a the original construction, $74,000,000.00 dol­ program under which he wlll gather and lars have been expended in capital improve­ cost of building these roads in 1954 was $23,000.00 dollars per mile; in 1972, the cost recover the defective wood formerly passed ments. Within the next 5 years, total ex­ by, and he will be paid a price for this effort penditures to meet environmental controls had risen to $50,000.00 dollars per mile. In terms of cost per thousand board feet, these which will make it worthwhile for him to do wlll exceed $40,000,000.00 dollars. so. Pulp prices are set on the world market roads now cost anywhere from $6.00 dollars per thousand board feet to $25,000.00 dollars Under the circumstances above outlined, it for pulp, irrespective of whether the product must be readily apparent that the Alaska is placed into the domestic or world market. per thousand board feet, depending upon the terrain, the cutting sequence layout of logging industry cannot survive if the Alaska Pulp prices historically resist .increasing sawmill industry is forced to meet the ma.nu­ costs of production. In 1954, for example, the sale, and the volume of timber a.va.ilal?le per acre. fa.ctur1ng requirements of Senate Blll No. Ketchikan Pulp Company was selling its 1033, and lose the benefit of existing export production for $185.00 dollars per ton, and Wages paid the Alaska logger are based upon wage scales twenty-five percent to manufacturing requirements under existing in 1972 it was selling its production for law. ~203.50 dollars per ton. This represents less thirty-five percent higher than those pre­ than a 10 percent increase in twenty years. vaiUng in the Western states. All supplies, During the same period of time, raw log foods, clothing, materials, etc., required by cost to the pulp mills (inclusive of stump­ the logger, cost at least twenty-five percent THE ARMS TRADE-PART XVII age) increased from $32.79 dollars per thou­ more than do similar purchases made in the sand board feet to $78.54 dollars per thou­ Western states. sand board feet, an increase of 140 percent. In recent years, the matter of environmen­ HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN Until the development of the Japanese ex­ tal control has had a serious cost impact OF PENNSYLVANIA port market for Alaska lumber, the pulp upon the Alaska logging industry. Camp IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES m11ls were forced to pulp all logs, regardless site costs have increased one thousand per­ of quality, with no appreciable return in in­ cent since 1967 (before the advent of such Monday, April 2, 1973 creased end product value over the end prod­ controls). Changes in cutting practices to Mr. COUGin.IN. Mr. Speaker, from uct available from low grade logs. Unless accommodate the scenic value regulations time to time I have inserted in the REc­ another use for the high grade logs could be of the Forest Service are causing an yet un­ found, so that a. dollar return commensurate defined escalation in logging costs. Delays in ORD comments and articles on the inter­ with their basically higher value could be scheduling the relocation of camps into new national trade in armaments which I be­ recovered, it became evident that the pulp cutting areas, inherent in the environmental lieve might be of interest to my col­ mills would soon reach the point at which impact statement requirements, is contrib­ leagues. Recently, there have occurred the dollar return from pulp would no longer uting to significant additional costs. The re­ developments which I feel might be of support the investment, costs of raw ma­ quirements relating to the development of further interest to them. terial acquisition, and operating and market­ dry land storage, as opposed to water stor­ A few weeks ago our Government an­ ing costs. In fact, the very ab111ty of these age, is further compounding the problem of nounced that it was relaxing its arms mills to survive had become questionable. logging costs. The remoteness of the logging areas of embargo against India and Pakistan, im­ The development of viable sawmm in­ posed after the 1971 war in East Pakis­ dustry in Southeast Alaska thus became one itself is significant in determining the cost of logging in Alaska.. As a. result of the fac­ tan or Bangladesh. The principal bene­ of absolute necessity if the pulp nulls were tors above mentioned, the total logging in­ to survive. ficiary of this new policy, it appears, will vestment in depreciable items (i.e., camps, be Pakistan, since it lost the 1971 war as THE LOGGING INDUSTRY IN ALASKA equipment), and facUlties in Southeast The Alaska timber industry is dependent Alaska as of 1972, exceeded $60,000,000.00 well as the 1965 Kashmir conflict. upon the logging effort of one thousand five dollars. When this is compared with the fact Under the terms of the new policy. hundred loggers employed in forty-five that these camps harvested five hundred Pakistan will be allowed to buy "non­ camps located throughout the Tongass Na.- forty milllon board feet of trees in 1972, it lethal" weapons •. including 300 armored ~pril 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10633 personnel carriers, reconditioned aircraft personnel carriers, spare parts for previously m111tary equipment was first embargoed after engines, parachutes, and a wide variety supplied arms and some "nonlethal" military the Indian-Pakistani war of 1965. of spare parts. Somewhat surprisingly, equipment. This embargo was modified in 1966 to per­ In announcing the decision, made at the mit the sale to both countries of "nonlethal the Defense Department appears to con­ request of the Pakistani Government, the end items"-a category that was construed to sider ammunition, the item which a.c­ State Department said it would not alter include ammunition. tually kills people, as nonlethal equip­ the mllitary balance or stimulate an arms In 1967, the policy was further relaxed ment and is prepared to sell it to both race. Officials explained that India, as a result to permit the sale of spare parts for Inilitary India and Pakistan. partly of her Inilitary victories over Pakistan equipment already provided the two nations, Mr. Speaker, I believe that it is time in 1965 and 1971 and partly of large-scale with a further exception made in 1970 to that some questions were raised. Are we Soviet arms aid in recent years, now held an permit Pakistan to order the a-rmored per­ creating a situation, for instance, which overwhelming military position. sonnel vehicles. will encourage the use of arms to settle PAKISTAN MAIN BENEFICIARY differences as happened in 1965 and The new policy was decided upon at the [From the New York Times, Feb. 22, 19731 1971? Is this change in policy designed to White House. Under it, the United States will IRAN WILL BuY $2 BILLION IN U.S. ARMs OVER curb hostilities in the area, or is it, in sell "nonlethal" equipment and spare parts to THE NEXT SEVERAL YEARS fact, meant to ease our balance-of-pay­ either Pakistan or India, but State Depart­ (By John W. Finney) ment officials acknowledged that Pakistan WASHINGTON, February 21.-Iran has con­ ments deficit through the maximum sale would be the principal beneficiary. of U.S. arms abroad? Considering the The decision was made, officials said, more tracted in recent months to buy more than fact that both India and Pakistan are in for political and psychological reasons than $2-billion in milltary equipment from the the firm grip of advanced poverty and for military ones. United States in what Defense Department hunger, can we in good conscience force­ They said that Pakistan was in an in­ officials describe as the biggest single arms tricably defensive mood following the de­ deal ever arranged by the Pentagon. feed them with arms in return for their Officials said that the purchase would meager supply of hard currencies? struction of much of her military forces in the war with India in December, 1971, and include such equipment as helicopter gun­ Are we falling into the trap of believ­ the loss of her eastern region, which became ships, F-5E supersonic interceptors, F-4 ing that if we do not supply these weap­ Bangladesh. fighter-bombers and C-130 cargo planes. But ons to Pakistan and India, the two coun­ By providing an assurance of renewed the officials were reluctant to talk about tries will gratefully accept Communist American support and limited mll1tary aid, the specifics because of the reported sensi­ arms and, as a result, immediately slide the officials said, the Administration hopes tivity of the Shah of Iran to publicity about into the Marxist camp? Pakistan will become more amenable to a the transaction. settlement of some of her political problems Senate sources who had been briefed on How, Mr. Speaker, can ammunition be the arms deal said they understood that defined as "nonlethal"? I have written with India and with Bangladesh. The United States imposed its total em­ Iran would also purchase such advanced to both the State Department and the bargo on arms shipments to the Indian sub­ weapons as laser bombs, the guided bombs Defense Department seeking an answer continent following the Indian-Pakistani war used against North Vietnamese targets in to this question, and it is with some an­ of 1971. The decision announced today re­ the final stages of the Vietnam war. ticipation that I await their answers. turns United States policy basically to what It was also understood by Senate sources The basic question which haunts me, it was in 1967, when a liinited embargo was that at the Shah's request the United States in force. would station an unusually large detach­ Mr. Speaker, and no doubt others who ment of 300 military personnel in Iran to look upon these developments with some Pakistan will now be able to receive some $1.2-million in spare parts, parachutes and train Iranians in the use of the new weap­ skepticism, is: Do we, in fact, know what reconditioned aircraft engines that she or­ ons. we are doing here? dered but whose export was blocked with SHAH SAID TO DO CHOOSING The same could be said of our recent the embargo. The arms to be purchased were said to agreement with Iran in which we have In addition, Pakistan will be able to buy have been determined largely by the Shah, agreed to sell it $2 billion worth of our 300 armored personnel carriers worth $13- who over the years has favored the most military equipment over the next several million. Pakistan contracted to buy the ve­ advanced weapons produced by the United States and who with his oil revenues has year~. Now, Mr. Speaker, it does not take hicles in 1970 and had made a down pay­ an expert in international affairs to ment before the imposition of the embargo. the money to buy them. NONLETHAL AMMUNITION For example, in addition to the F-4's that realize that such a sale is wildly extrava­ he has been purchasing for the last decade, gant, that it will not add to the stability Officials said that the policy decision made the Shah reportedly expressed an interest of the Middle East, and that it may well it possible to sell ammunition to either India in the F-15, a new Air Force interceptor work against the best interests of the or Pakistan. They explained that ammuni­ not yet in production. tion, according to definitions used by the De­ State and Defense Department officials United States. fense Department, could be regarded as "non­ Iran needs $2 billion worth of arms said that the large-scale transfer of arms, lethal" equipment. which is to go on over the next several like it needs more poverty. The Ameri­ Weapons, however, are not regarded as years, would help reinforce what they de­ can rationale for selling these arms seems "nonlethal," and technically the armored scribed as "a point of stab111ty" in the Per­ to be that Iran has a large income from personnel carriers ordered by Pakistan should sian Gulf area. its budding oil industry; that we have a be excluded. But Charles W. Bray 3d, the State Department spokesman, said their balance-of-payments problem; that we shipment would be permitted "in order to At the same time, both Defense and State need Iran as an ally; and, therefore, in wipe the slate clean" of arms commitments Department officials emphasize that aside return for helping us out :financially, entered into before the 1971 embargo but from such considerations, the deal was en­ Iran remaffis a friend and has fancy never fulfilled. tered into on the ground that it would be military equipment to defend its oil in­ Mr. Bray and other officials stressed that highly profitable in helping American arms dustry. "nonlethal" m111tary aid from the United manufacturers caught in a post-Vietnam Mr. Speaker, I believe it is time that States to Pakistan was not going to upset slump in orders and in helping to redress Congress and the American public begin the present "Inilitary ratio" between the this country's deficit in balance of payments. to review our arms aid policy, and begin Pakistanis and the Indians. CASH ON THE BARRELHEAD to ask the questions and require the clear In announcing the relaxation of the em­ The Shah, according to defense industry bargo, Mr. Bray also emphasized that it con­ sources, will pay "cash on the barrelhead" answers which hopefully will bring some tinued to be the administration's intention for the weapons. sanity to this area of endeavor in our "to avoid involvement in anything which "It sure is going to help fill in some of the Government. might be considered an arms race in the gaps on our production line," said a repre­ Below are two newspaper articles subcontinent." sentative of one aircraft manufacturer that which outline the recent developments In principle, India would be allowed to is to get a major part of the order to fill. on which I have commented above: complete her purchase of some $91-million As described by State Department offi­ in communications equipment for an air de­ cials, the arms purchases are part of a five­ [From the New York Times, Mar. 15, 19731 fense system that was blocked by the em­ year modernization program that the Shah UNITED STATES EASES CURB'S ON PAKISTAN bargo. Whether India, which has now turned adopted for his armed forces two years ago. ARMS to the Soviet Union for arms, intends to pur­ The officials said that with the withdrawal of (By John W. Finney) chase the equipment was left unclear by British forces from the Persian Gulf in late WASHINGTON, March 14.-The United States United States omcials. 1971, Iran, decided to accelerate and com­ relaxed its total embargo on arms shipments The United States policy on arms sales press the modernization program. to India and Pakistan today, thus permitting to the Indian subcontinent has gone through For more than two decades, the United the PakistaniS to receive some 300 armored various phases since the shipment of all States and Britain have been the traditional 10634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 arms suppliers to Iran, with the Shah on oc­ WITH FRIENDS LIKE THIS, AMTRAK MENK. I assume so. Yes, I think that's so. casion threatening to turn to the Soviet DOESN'T NEED ANY ENEMIES WALLACE. And Mr. Moore of the Penn Cen­ Union for arms if he could not obtain them tral feels the same way, right? from Western sources. MENK. I would expect so. Beginning in 1950, the United States gave WALLACE. Okay. This trinity-Menk, Quinn more than $800-million in m111tary aid to HON. J. J. PICKLE and Moore--are on the Board of Directors of' Iran, but in recent years, as Iran grew OF TEXAS Amtrak, and Amtrak is committed to speedy wealthy from oil, the m111tary assistance and efficient passenger traffic. You see no shifted from such aid to sales of the arms on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conflict of interest there? basically commercial terms. Monday, April 2, 1973 MENK. No, do you? As it became apparent that Britain would withdraw from the Persian Gulf, the Shah Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, on the began stepping up his purchases of arms, March 11 "60 Minutes" TV show, there turning to the United States primarily for was a segment on Amtrak, the National THE WAR STILL CONTINUES IN aircraft and to Britain for ships and tanks. Rail Passenger Corporation. This re­ CAMBODIA Both State and Defense Department offi­ port, based on interviews conducted by cials acknowledged that the ordered arms CBS's Mike Wallace, shocked many were beyond the Shah's needs for maintain­ Americans. In fact, my office received HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER ing internal security in his country. But, it OF WISCONSIN was said, the Shah's basic concept is that many letters in response to the show. he needs a military force that could discour­ I was particularly disturbed by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES age any Soviet adventurism in the area and interview with Mr. Lewis Menk, chair­ Monday, April 2, 1973 block any move by neighboring Iraq, which man of the board of the Burlington has received substantial military equipment Northern Railroad, and also a board Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, al­ from Moscow. member of the Amtrak Corporation. though American servicemen have been EXACT SIZE OF ORDER SECRET During the interview, one received the withdrawn from South Vietnam, our in­ The exact size of the arms deal is stlll clearest impression that Mr. Menk de­ volvement in the Indochina conflict still kept secret. Senate sources said that they sires Amtrak, or any intercity rail pas­ continues as the President orders war understood the total was nearly $3-blllion, senger service, outside the East to go planes to bomb in Cambodia. but defense officials said it was "closer to away-to be discontinued. Although the original rationale given, $2-billion." Mr. Speaker, I think rail passenger back in 1970, for the Cambodian bomb­ More than half of the orders are said to ing, that of protecting .f\_merican troops, be for several hundred helicopters and inter­ service will be a vital, if not essential, ceptors. mode of moving people in the future. is no longer valid, Nixon continues to The Bell Helicopter Company, for example, This is why I support strongly efforts to make war. has received an order for 202 Ah-Ij helicop­ make operational 300 m.p.h. trains in Like many of us, the Washington Post, ters, a gunship used by the United States America. This is why I support strongly in a March 30, 1973 editorial, takes issue Marine Corps, and for 234 model 214-A heli­ this Nation's high-speed ground trans­ with the President's war policy. copters, a 16-pa.ssenger cargo helicopter. The portation research and development pro­ THE CAMBODIAN IssUE: PRESIDENT OR KING? helicopters are to be built at Fort Worth, Tex. gram for such trains. On June 3, 1970, Mr. Nixon promised he The Bell company officials describe the order In the meantime, I will support the would henceforth bomb in Cambodia only worth at least $700-million over the next "to protect the lives and security of our five years. continuation of Amtrak, despite what its board members may feel. forces in South Vietnam." Those forces have In addition Iran has reportedly placed an now gone home. But the President continues order with the Northrop Corporation in Haw­ l include the dialog between Mr. Wal­ to bomb. The contradiction is acute and it 1s thorne Calif. for about 140 F-5E's a new in­ lace of CBS and Mr. Menk of the Amtrak made the more so for the President by the terceptor particularly designed for foreign directors in the RECORD at this time: fact that its implications extend beyond air forces as a defense against the Soviet­ WALLACE-MENK INTERVIEW ON MARCH 11, Cambodia. In Paris, Mr. Nixon made Hanoi built MIG-21. The F-5G, a fighter that is CBS 60 MINUTES PROGRAM and the Vietcong a deal hinging in part on easy to maintain is expected to cost about his threat--reaffirmed by implication last $1.5-million a plane. WALLACE. Lewis Menk 1s chairman of one of the railroads that makes its profit out of night--to start bombing them again under The Iranian deal reportedly reflects a new certain conditions. Now, by completing troop emphasis by the Nixon Administration on freight, not passengers-the Burlington Northern. And he sits on Amtrak's Board of withdrawals, he has removed his sole pre­ promoting foreign m111tary sales. In some viously claimed rationale to bomb anywhere ways, officials say the Nixon Administration Directors. He got there by buying Amtrak stock. Not because he believed in it, but be­ in Indochina. He is in the position of a man is returning to a policy of a decade ago when who threatens to shoot in a jurisdiction the Defense Department pushed foreign m111- cause he could take the purchase price as a business expense-a loss. Aboard one of his where there is no justification, by his own tary sales so aggressively that Prime Minister terms, to use firearms. Harold Wilson of Britain publicly deplored company cars, Lew Menk told us how he feels about Amtrak's future. One begins to understand the administra­ the "high-pressure salesmanship of the tion's frantic and so far futile search for a Americans." How much did you pay for your stock in Amtrak? reason for the Cambodian bombing that w111 The promotion campaign led in the late make it look like Mr. NiXon is doing some­ nineteen-sixties to Congressional restric­ MENK. Thirty-three mlllion plus. WALLACE. And you carry it in your-on thing other than roughly and arbitrarily as­ tions, initiated largely by the Senate Foreign serting American-and Executive--power. Relations Committee. The Senate committee your books right now at how much? MENK. One dollar. One official, conceding constitutional justi­ was concerned that the sales were promoting fication is a joke, submitted that "the justi­ arms races and imposing undue financial WALLACE. Why? MENK. We wrote it down because we fication is the re-election of President burdens on developing countries. Nixon." By that theory, he could level Boston. After a slowdown in arms sales, "the pen­ thought that was the value of the stock. WALLACE. You think that Amtrak's stock is Others suggest Mr. Nixon is merely "respond­ dulum is beginning to swing the other way," ing to a request" from the cambodian gov­ according to one State Department official worthless? MENK. I do. In the context of the present ernment, as though any such request confers involved in setting policy on m111tary sales. time, it is. its own legitimacy. It is said the United States This time, however, officials insist that it WALLACE. You say, "In the context of the will stop bombing when the Communists in is the State Department, not the Defense De­ present time." Do you expect it's going to Cambodia stop shooting. That will happen partment, that will have the dominant voice be worthless in the future? when they topple the government, perhaps in controlling military sales. MENK. I don't expect that Amtrak wlll quite soon. What will Mr. Nixon order the Vice Adm. Raymond E. Peet, the Deputy ever be a profitable corporation; if that's B52s to do then? Assistant Secretary of Defense for Security what you're asking, yes, that's my answer. The plain truth is that Mr. Nixon bombs WALLACE. So you feel that passenger trains to save a policy which, in its Cambodian Assistance, also insists that his millta.ry aspect, was bankrupt from the start. The teams have orders not to "promote" arms by and large-with the exception of in the-­ 1970 American intervention into Cambodia­ sales to other countries. the highly populated corridors-should be ostensibly conducted to clean out the sanc­ Arms sales, meanwhile, have surged up­ permitted to die an honorable death, right? tuaries, buy time for Vietnamiza.tion and ward from a low of $925-mllllon in 1970. MENK. Yes, sir. protect Americans in Vietnam-in fact made They reached $2.1-blllion in 1971, $3.45-bil­ WALLACE. And Mr. Quinn of the Milwaukee little sense if Mr. Nixon were not prepared llon in 1972 and are expected to total $3.8- Road feels the same way, right? He's pub­ to continue propping up a pro-American gov­ bUlton in 1973. licly stated that. ernm.ent in Phnom Penh indefinitely. None- April 2, 197·3 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10635 theless, Secretary of State Rogers insisted well understand Mrs. Hoffman's plight everyday needs. After paying a house pay­ (May 13, 1970) that the U.S. would not "be­ and know of her concern. I am sure my ment (it went up $10 as of February 1), come m111ta.rily involved in support of the utlllties and buying food, we don't have any­ Lon Nol government--or any other govern­ colleagues will agree with me that steps thing left to save for the proverbial rainy ment" in Phnom Penh. "I'm talking about must be taken to curb inflation and keep day. U.S. troops or air support or something," he food a necessity and not a luxury. underlined. Now Mr. Nixon tramples on his I've been a. registered voter for ten years I am sure my colleagues will agree own and Mr. Rogers' pledges not to adopt now and I've never written any of my politi­ that making ends meet and dreading Lon Nol. cal representatives until now because I felt every shopping day is not a satisfactory In 1970, Mr. Nixon, describing his Cam­ they were doing all in their power to look way of life. Inflation must be curbed, bodian adventure strictly in terms of its out for my interests. Oh, I haven't always and as Members of Congress, we must Vietnam impact, hailed it as "a decisive completely agreed with them; however, I take the lead to fight this "green" mon­ move . . . the most successful operation of never disagreed drastically enough to voice ster. this long and difficult war." In fact, in the my discontent. However, I feel I must at adventure's oa.mbodia.n aspect, he bought this time tell someone about one of my into ocean-front property which was al­ greatest disappointments with my country's ready underwater. The Qambodtan insur­ government. THE BUDGET PROCESS gents, although divided among themselves, I write as a wife, mother, homemaker, and are collectively mopping the floor with the citizen to voice my disappointment in prices. Lon Nol troops, whose abundant American I feel it is sad that a father has to work two HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT supplies and air support are patently inade­ jobs to pay all of his family's bills and buy OF ARKANSAS quate to offset their own poor tra.inlng, their food. This is our case. Lloyd, my hus­ leadership and motivation. band, works six days a week, leaving the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Nixon should stop bombing Cambodia house at seven in the morning and not re­ Monday, April 2, 1973 at once. He may not quail at Senator Wil­ turning home until midnight sometimes­ liam Fulbright's threat of public hearings, Monday thru Friday and 8-5 Saturdays. Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, although we would hope all senators with We have two sons, ages 3 and 1 V2 years. the Nation today is faced with a dis­ a concern for constitutional government We didn't ask much of life for them except turbing fiscal situation which has re­ and the Senate's integrity would demand the necessities and somewhat a. secure fu­ sulted in confrontation of the three such hearings. But the President might fur­ ture. However, it looks pretty dim for their branches of our Government over Federal ther consider that he is bombing not only future, if the cost of living doesn't quit going spending. With the release of the 1974 Cambodia. but his remaining chances of get­ up. Sincerely, Mr. Casey, I don't want this budget, this complex issue has generated ting reconstruction aid for Hanoi. to be taken as a hate letter because I love keen interest throughout the Nation. If the bombing is halted, Lon Nol might my country and love living here. It worries well decide to head for the Riviera, and the me the way it is headed though. The President is seeking to control the insurgents would probably take over Cam­ Our family doesn't try to outspend the level of Federal outlays, Congress is bodia. The prospect is not much in doubt; neighbors, etc. So we don't spend money working through its Joint Study Com­ nor is it very fearsome. The United States foolishly. I budget groceries and do a good mittee on Budget Control toward a per­ can expect to do very little to avert lt, even job, I feel. However, it really takes some manent mechanism for fiscal respon­ by perpetual bombing. The contending doing to feed my family on an average of sibility, and the judiciary is being called Cambodians wm need time to sort out their $25-$30 a week. According to L. Jean Boger, upon for interpretive answers to ques­ own feuds; they will be chiefly Interested in Pr. D. in Nutrition and Physical Fitness, my tions on who may constitutionally estab­ how things go in Cambodia. In the incom­ food budget should be about ~ of our income plete but prevailing cease-fire situation in because I'd say we're in a moderate income lish spending priorities. Vietnam, it cannot be nearly as important bracket. So I try to use this principle when Because of the historical evolution of as before whether Hanoi has extra mllitary buying groceries. fiscal policies and the complexities which supply routes and sanctuaries in oa.mbodla. By making a lot of baked goods, using come to play in the present-day situation, Hanoi's and the Vietcong's decisions in meat substitutes, shopping specials, using I have devoted a series of seven news­ South Vietnam will depend on many fac­ no convenience foods whatsoever, etc., I do letters to "The Budget Process." Because tors, not solely on who runs Phnom Penh. keep it under the ~ margin--or at least up By bombing, Mr. Nixon tears at the Amer­ until now. It does concern me to go to the this series tries to present a summary of ican political fabric and harmfully asserts a store where I shop regularly and see the the issue, I am sharing it with my col­ strictly American responsib111ty for what prices go up so quickly. leagues by publication in the RECORD: happens in Cambodia. Instead, he should be I'll illustrate this with two items. I shop THE BUDGET PROCESS respecting the law and temper of the United at a food store located in Pasadena. The first I. INTRODUCTION States, and he should be trying by diplo­ item is a 4-pound box of bacon ends. Jan­ This is Congressman John Paul Hammer­ macy to draw outside and local states into uary 28, 1973, I bought it for $1.49; Febru­ schmidt in Washington with Comment from an Indochina-wide settlement that wm not ary 4, 1973, I paid $1.59 for it. The first price the Capitol. stand or fall on the unllateral application of I ever paid was $.99 sometime the latter part In describing the relationship between the American power. Evidently the President has of 1972. Then it jumped to $1.39, I think. executive and legislative branches of federal still to learn he is not an absolute monarch However, these two dates I gave you I am government it is often said-"The President in the United States. He has also to learn he sure of because I shop every two weeks and is not King of cambodi8r-<>r perhaps some these were my last two shopping days and Proposes; Congress Disposes." Such is the kind of Southeast Asian emperor? I have the two packages in my refrigerator budget process. right now. The President has sent to Congress his Item 2 is a 5-pound sack of flour (brand budget for Fiscal Year 1974. It calls for the name Harvest Blossom). January 28, 1973 expenditure of $268,700,000,000 (billion). To pay the bills, there would be estimated tax INFLATION MUST BE CURBED cost $.37 and February 4, it jumped to $.43. I'm aware these are cheaper than most items receipts of $256,000,000,000 (billion) &.nd a of this type and that this grocery store has shortage of $12,700,000,000 (billion). The good prices; however, I'm afraid to see what shortage would be covered by borrowing, or RON. BOB CASEY the prices wlll be next time. If just these "deficit financing." The Budget is the President's plan of oper­ OF TEXAS two items have jumped this much what has ation, set down in much detail, in terms of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES happened to the rest of their items in stock. Milk jumped from their regular $.99 a gallon expenditures. It is the basis for all federal Monday, April 2, 1973 operations for one full twelve-month fiscal to $1.03 a. gallon. year period, as the Executive Branch sees na­ Mr. CASEY of Texas. Mr. Speaker, in­ Congressman Casey, I majored in Home tional needs. flation is a sore subject with every Economics and received my B.S. in 1964 from The Budget sets the direction which the Amercan, and the person who feels the Sam Houston State in Huntsville, and I really Administration proposes to take. Now Con­ pinch the hardest is the homemaker. She don't know just how women that haven't gress, by the process of congressional review, been trained can afford to buy groceries for will begin disposing with a wide range of has to make ends meet in order to insure their familles. I buy ground beef because options. adequate nutrition -for her family at a I can stretch it, chicken because it goes so Congress can change programs, eliminate reasonable cost. far, etc. So you can see I'm not extravagant them, enact new ones. Congress can increase The following letter was sent to me by with my food dollar. or reduce presidential spending recommenda­ my constituent, Mrs. Lloyd D. Hoffman What I'm trying to say is Help. I need tions. of Pasadena, Tex. As a family man I can help from my government to be able to meet When the majority of Congress and the 10636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 President are of the same political party, enormously to sustaining the deficit position- These actions, once again, have divided there is generally much less friction than From any view of the problem, one thing spending control among several committees. when they are of different political parties. is evident: Some of the blame rests with "Backdoor spending" in essence creates man­ However it is invariably true that both the Congress for the siZe of deficits, and their datory spending. So large is its impact that Executive Branch and the Congress have constancy, through Congressional failure to the Appropriations Committees of the House high-minded goals. They both want to estab­ arrive at budgetary decisions on an overall and Senate actually control only about 50 lish the most important national priorities basis. percent of all spending. possible, and use the best means to meet The Joint Congressional Study Committee Further curtailing the effectiveness of them. on Budget Control is examining this very Congress as a budget control institution is The goals generally shared above all others basic problem. It is to determine a procedure the Appropriations Committee practice of are high employment, prosperity without in­ for Congress to follow in establishing respon­ considering each appropriations bill as a fi.ation and without war. The President in his sible budget control. In my judgment, noth­ separate entity ... not as a party of an budget proposed how we can try to achieve ing is more important to a sound economy, overall package. these most desirable goals. For the next sev­ free from excessive inflation. This is not to say that Congress is not eral months, Congress will be reviewing the In a later report I shall look at the his­ careful and painstaking in dealing with each budget, and deciding what to accept and tory of budget control in Congress, the de­ annual appropriation measure. It is. What what to change. velopment of the relationship between is lacking in coordination and constant n. BUDGET STUDY COMMrrTEE spending and taxes, and how the present in­ attention to the big picture with all its fiscal policy and budgetary implications. More and more there is concern for put­ adequate system came about. IV. BUDGET CONTROL HISTORY Next in this series . . . a closer look at ting the nation's economy in order. "backdoor spending". There are many indications of the need for This report deals with the evolution of our positive action. federal budgetary system. VI. "BACKDOOR SPENDING" The recent devaluation of the dollar points Historically, Congress has taken varying Congress is under constant admonishment up the trade aspect of the problem. The approaches to balancing income and expendi­ to cut out unnecessary federal spending. President's budget and tight spending ceil­ tures. For the first 75 years of the federal However, its system of budget control has ing; the Executive Branch impoundment of government, Congress exercised tight, uni­ deteriorated so greatly that it is not always funds; Congress fighting appropriations, re­ fied budget control through committees, possible to be sure just what is "necessary" cision and program cutback; all are indica­ Committee on Ways and Means in the House, or "unnecessary" in terms of the budget and tions of serious conditions which must be and the Committee on Finance in the Senate. the nation's fiscal policy. corrected. The flaws are derived from long Each committee had jurisdiction over both Congressional control over spending rests periods of economic instability, characterized spending and taxing. with the Appropriations Committees of the principally by excessive inflation. In 1865, as a result of the overwhelmingly House and Senate, but time after time Con­ Last year Congress formally acknowledged heavy burdens imposed on Congressmen in gress bypasses these committees and nulli­ the problem when it temporarily increased financing the Civil War, the Ways and Means fies their role as control points for spend­ the public debt limit. While refusing to ac­ Committee relinquished some of its juris­ ing. This is done by "Backdoor Spending." cede to the President's proposal for a rigid diction. Backdoor spending may take the form of spending ceiling, it established the Joint While retaining authority over taxation "contracting authority". Such authority on Study Committee on Budget Control. and the raising of revenue, the committee low-rent public housing added $150,000,000 This group draws bi-partisan membership turned over its spending jurisdiction to the (million) in obligations in Fiscal Year 1973. from fiscal experts of both the House and newly created Committee on Appropriations. Backdoor spending may also rely on un­ Senate. Senator John McClellan is a co-vice The Senate took similar action. The first limited and indefinite "borrowing authority". chairman among the thirty-two members. major change-the responsibilities of these Student loan guarantees are backed by this The Committee has met this year, charged two committees, the first major breakdown kind of borrowing, without appropriations with exploring ways to tighten congressional in overall Congressional budget and also limitation. control over budgetary outlay and receipt control. "Permanent Appropriations" constitute relationships. It is supposed to devise a During debate on the changes, some Mem­ another type of backdoor authority, with ap­ method which will give a comprehensive bers prophetically pointed out the dangers propriations provided by the legislation it­ overall view of each year's federal spending of separating the two jurisdictions. self. For example, the interest on the public and revenues, to replace the haphazard Further dilution of Congressional control debt is indefinite as to time and amount, agency-by-agency, department-by -depart­ occurred as various legislative committees of but is a firm obligation without Appropria­ ment, program-by-program approach of the the House and Senate took over spending tions Committee review. past which has not provided the desired Jurisdiction from the Appropriations Com­ Congressional studies show that over a budget control. mittees. With the greater fragmentation of five-year period, backdoor spending exceeded Too often attractive programs have re­ control over federal spending, it became in­ budget requests by $30,000,000,000 (billion). ceived inordinately large authoriZations, and creasingly dlfilcult for Congress to obtain By contrast, budget requests considered by subsequently appropriations. comprehensive cost information on programs. the Appropriations Committees were reduced In my judgment, we must find ways to This situation prevailed until Congress substantially. assure true congressional responsibility in passed the Budget and Accounting Act of In my judgment, any effective budget con­ seeking a balance between revenues and 1921, which further de-emphasized the con­ trol reform in Congress must require sharp spending, in enacting programs and appro­ gressional role in budget matters. This Act restrictions on and eventual elimination of priating funds to carry them out. is a principal source of today's budgetary backdoor spending. differences between Congress and the Execu­ VII. "THE WORKABLE BUDGET'' ni. FOUR DEFICIT DECADES tive Branch. I shall make it the subject of Congress needs to determine a way to de­ The record of deficits since 1931 demon­ a later report in the series of Budget Control. strates beyond doubt the need for spending­ velop and maintain effective budget control. and-taxing coordination in dealing with the V. EXECUTIVE BUDGET CONTROL In recent reports I have discussed the his­ budget. This report continues the series of discus­ tory of the problem, and factors which ham­ In the last 42 years, there have been sions on budget control. The subject is espe­ per overall control of federal income and only six years of surplus in the administra­ cially important in time of inflationary expenditures. tive budget, the last for 1960 in the amount pressure. One dlfilculty is the sluggishness of the of $785,000,000 (million) . Since then approxi­ In 1921, Congress changed directions. Congressional legislative process. A program mately $200,000,000,000 (billion) in deficits Whereas in earlier years, Congress had been must be authorized before the Approprl.a­ have been recorded by the federal govern­ the focal point of budgetary control, it tions Cominittee may act. Appropriations are ment spending more than it takes in, year passed that responsibUity over to the White often held over into the fiscal y~ tor which after year, without interruption. The $200 House by approving the Accounting Act of they are needed; even into the second Con­ billion figure includes estimated imbalance 1921. That measure, for the first time, made gress of the fiscal year. Such delays increase for fiscal year 1974. the Executive Branch the focal point of uncertainty. World War II is often singled out as the budget control. Another practice that 1s costly is the re­ time America got the big-spending habit and To tighten up its own procedures, Con­ newal of authorizations each year-rather accepted deficits. In each of the critical years gress returned to the Appropriations Com­ than for several years. This requires annual of the war, 1943-44-45, the nation rolled up mittee full authority over spending. This appropriations and tends to drive up pro­ action was intended to re-centralize spend­ gram spending levels II deficits in excess of $50,000,000,000 (billion). ing control which, between the Civil War The establishment of ceiling levels is gen­ Yet that $150,000,000,000 (b1llion) total and World War I, had been grabbed by sev­ erally agreed to be an essential for budget deficit for peak wartime expenditures, in a eral legislative committees control. But this is easier said than done. struggle for our very freedom, was far less Passage of the Budget and Accounting Act, Members of Congress vary in their views than the huge budgetary failures of the past however, gave only temporary relief. Con­ on what ceiling levels are sensible. They dis­ decade. The erosion of the budget process gress began to circumvent the authority of agree on the extent of new budget authority since 1960 is another legacy of the war in the Appropriations Committee by the device needed. the rate of spending to be continued, Southeast Asia, the cost of which contributed known as "backdoor spending". even the danger of legislative bills which by- April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10637 pass the appropriations process. To gain gen­ A native of San Pedro, John attended OEO LOSS TO HAVE DMPACT ON -eral agreement on celling levels would seem Mary Star of the Sea and Leland Avenue BOSTON AREA to require extensive inquiry and debate, with the schedule of activities already jam-packed. Grammar Schools, and Dana Junior These are among the major problems be­ High School where he wa.s student body HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN ing considered. by the Joint Committee on president. Budget Control. Its findings and recom­ Active in high school student govern­ OF MASSACHUSETTS mendations may well determine whether this ment and athletics, Captain Fer was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation shall follow sound fiscal policies. Its graduated from San Pedro High School Monday, April 2, 1973 recommendations could help Congress estab­ in 1955. lish a truly effective system of overall budget A successful college career followed Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, on March control, and improve our ability to evaluate 23, 1973, the Subcommittee on Equal Op­ budget controversies. at the University of Southern California and the U.S. Air Force Academy. While portunity of the House of Representa­ In my judgment, this is essential if Con­ tives under the distinguished leadership ·gress is to deal wisely with Executive Branch at USC, John ran track and cross proposals, if Congress is to tax and spend country. of our colle~gue Congressman AuGusTus with discipline and understanding, if Con­ Captain Fer's military career began to HAWKINS, of California, conducted a gress as a. body is to have su1flcient under­ blossom at the Air Force Academy. At hearing on the dismantling of the Office standings of and respect for the intricacies the Academy, John was chairman of of Economic Opportunity at Faneuil and importance of sound fiscal and economic Honor Committee, squadron commander, Hall in Boston. policies. outstanding athlete of the graduating Humberto Cardinal Medeiros, the class, school record holder in cross archbishop of Boston, gave a. moving statement to the subcommittee on what TRIDUTE TO CAPT. JOHN FER country and in the 2-mile track run, and captain of both the cross-country the disappearance of the OEO would and track teams. mean to Greater Boston. Cardinal Me­ He was commissioned as a second deiros stated that the Community Action HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON programs of the OEO constitute a OF CALIFORNIA lieutenant in June 1962, and attended "healthy, three-way partnership among IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pilot training in Laredo, Tex., in August 1963. government, private institutions, and Monday, April 2, 1973 John's first assignment was to Platts­ private citizens." The cardinal went on Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. burg Air Force Base as a B-47 copilot to state that-- Speaker, all of us have been touched beginning in October 1963. I hate to see it end. I pray that it wm by the war in Indochina. All of us have In February 1966, Captain Fer began continue. witnessed directly or indirectly the death training at Shaw Air Force Base. That The complete statement of Cardinal and destruction-the adversity, the dis­ June, John left this country for an as­ Medeiros follows: tress, the torment-of the people of this signment to Takhli Air Force Base, Thai­ TESTIMONY OF HUMBERTO CARDINAL MEDEIROS area plagued by years of war. land. Congressman Hawkins, Members of the Many served our country fighting for Less than 1 year later, on February 4, Committee, I wish to join Mayor White and the principles of freedom, fighting to pre­ 1967, Captain Fer was shot down over other citizens of Boston and Massachusetts serve a small nation, fighting to prevent North Vietnam. in welcoming you to this historic city that the rule of force in Southeast Asia. For the next 6 years and 1 month, John cherishes the traditions of justice and liberty The fighting has now stopped for U.S. was a prisoner of war. which permewte the history of our country. I want to assure you of my blessings and servicemen, but many did not return. His unwavering loyalty to his Nation prayers as you conduct your hearings and Many did return, leaving an arm, a during his captivity is an example in deliberations throughout this land. leg, an eye on the battlefield. patriotism worthy of our emulation. I a.m appearing before you today to express We grieve for the families of those Captain Fer's dedication to the United my personal concern over the impact that who made the supreme sacrifices and we States has carried over into his plans for the dismantling of a major portion of the pledge to make every effort to heal the his future. programs sponsored by the Office of Economic wounds and repay our commitment to John plans to make the Air Force a Opportunity wm have on thousands of low those who suffered in service to our career. income people in Boston and throughout this Commonwealth. country. Captain Fer is aleady scheduled to be I do not pretend to be an expert on the And, now, the prisoners of war are promoted within the next few months. technical and statistical detalls of the OEO coming home to a well-deserved welcome, I would like to be one of the first to con­ programs that are being shut down. Others greeted by a proud country which is in gratulate Captain Fer on becoming Ma­ appearing today will provide that informa­ their debt. jor Fer. tion. Yes, they are heroes, and they deserve Our Air Force will certainly be better I do not come here today as a Democrat or our accolades and tributes. But, so do the off for the leadership and abilities of a Republican or as a critic of action taken or Captain-soon to be Major-Fer. omitted by the Adminlstration or Congress. other soldiers, the sailors, the airmen, Like all government agencies, OEO must be and the marines who also served so Mr. Speaker, I proudly join with accountable to higher governmental author­ honorably. John's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Fer ity. It would be foolish to suggest that its The prisoners of war, Mr. Speaker, of Vista, John's brother, Mr. Peter Fer programs have been an unqualified success, symbolize the American spirit and the and the citizens of San Pedro in welcom~ or should be immune from criticism. American servicemen. They are proud, ing Captain Fer home. What I want to do today Is to speak as a yet humble they are loyal, yet firm they The residents of San Pedro will for­ Bishop who has a pastoral responsibllity and are tired of war, yet patriotic they are mally welcome Captain Fer home with a deep, personal concern for the poor of all candid, yet sincere they are just, yet an open air rally and dinner on Satur­ denominations, races, cultures, and back­ day, April7. grounds. I know from personal experience compassionate. both the difficulties of being poor and the We in San Pedro are proud to welcome All the service organizations in San innate desire of every man who is poor to home a man who epitomizes these Pedro are cooperating to organize the raise himself and his famlly above that degree virtues. events under the leadership 0f Richard of poverty that impedes his development as That man is U.S. Air Force Capt. John Bauer, president of the San Pedro Cham­ a citizen and as a. human being in this land Fer. ber of Commerce. of opportunity. John Fer, U.S. Air Force captain, re­ Chairman for the dinner is Mario Per­ Poverty is complex and the steps we must take to eradicate both the cause and the ef­ turned to California this March from 6 kov. Others directing the dinner plans fects of unjust, unwanted, and oppressive years imprisonment after being shot are Andy Wall and Jack Pearson. poverty would seem to be equally complex. down over North Vietnam on February I am proud that the community of San The history of our own country and of mod­ 4, 1967. Pedro is giving Captain Fer such a warm ern society gives ample evidence that at­ Captain Fer has returned to a com­ welcome home. tempts to deal with the problems of the poor munity which remembers him well from A hero such as Captain John Fer de­ as if there were an inherent connection be­ his growing up years in San Pedro. serves a hero's welcome . . tween poverty a.nd immorality have not only 10638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 not produced the desired results but, in most of such programs. The hour is late, the prob­ traduced by a number of Members to instances, have wrought terrible injustices lems are burdensome, but I am confident create a Select Committee on the Cost upon those they were designed to help. I am that Americans of good wlll, courage and and Availability of Food. I commend disturbed, in observing the current scene, to compassion wlll not turn their backs on those these Members for their active interest feel an undercurrent of discontent, and even fellow citizens who so desperately need their animosity, towards our more deprived broth­ understanding and support. and concern. I do feel, however, that the ers and sisters, arising no doubt, at least in Thank you. creation of a new committee would not part, from the astronomical costs involved in be the most emcient or e:f!ective manner public programs to assist the poor. Although in which to handle this problem. A new I am painfully aware, from my own experi­ committee would require time to get or­ ence in attempting to provide fiscal support RISING FOOD PRICES ganized; it would require the hiring of a for the human service programs in the Arch­ complete sta:fi; it would lack the exper­ diocese, of the high cost of such efforts, I tise and familiarity with the legislative nevertheless must state emphatically that we HON. HAROLD V. FROEHLICH process now enjoyed by the Members and cannot allow costs or even the occasional OF WISCONSIN misuse of our public generosity to deter us employees of a standing committee; and from fulfilling our moral and civic obliga­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it would require additional funding. My tions. Monday, April 2, 1973 proposal would eliminate these draw­ What has impressed me about the OEO backs and would, instead, rely on the ex­ programs has been the wide range of serv­ Mr. FROEIIT..ICH. Mr. Speaker, I am perienced and competent Members and ices and opportunities available to the par­ today introducing legislation to instruct employees of the House Banking and ticipants and, most of all, the principle of the House Banking and Currency Com­ Currency Committee. involvement of the poor in the solution of mittee to conduct a full and complete their own problems that has characterized investigation and study of all matters af­ In addition, there would be no need the Community Action Programs. It saddens fecting, influencing, or relating to the to appropriate additional funds for this me to learn that so many of these programs purpose, a fact I consider of prime im­ are being ended after so many people have cost and availability of food to the portance if we are to make an honest ef­ invested themselves, their energy, and their American consumer. fort to reduce Federal spending and re­ hope in the design and operation of the The incredible increases in retail food turn to this country some semblance of programs. prices in recent months have caused an fiscal sanity. In Boston alone, for example, some 350 peo­ uproar in the supermarket checkout line ple-most of them low income persons­ and helpless frustration on the part of The text of my bill follows: serve without compensation on the local many families. Grocery prices went up RESOLUTION To AUTHORIZE THE COMMITTEE APAC Boards. Eight of the eleven neighbor­ 2.3 percent in February of this year, on ON BANKING AND CURRENCY To CONDUCT hood Boards in this city will cease to func­ AN INVESTIGATION AND STUDY OF ALL MAT­ tion within months. Many of the employees top of the 2.5-percent increase in Janu­ TERS RELATING TO THE COST AND AVAILABIL­ of the local programs and of Action for ary, thus resulting in a 4.8-percent in­ ITY OF FOOD TO THE AMERICAN CONSUMER Boston Community Development were once crease for the first 2 months of 1973 Whereas, retail food prices have risen 33 welfare clients. They face the loss of their alone. percent during the past 8 years and 16 per­ jobs within six months, and the prospect of This situation is intolerable, and the cent during the past four years; a return to welfare subsistence or unem­ end is not yet in sight. It is also an ex­ Whereas, farm prices in February 1973 ployment compensation. Think of the damage tremely complex situation which I do were 22 percent higher than in February that will do to the human spirit and the not feel can adequately be resolved by 1972; morale of these people and their families. Whereas, government economists are now Some 54,000 people who annually are piecemeal action. It cries out for the in­ predicting an increase in retail food prices served by OEO programs wlll be deprived of depth consideration and study proposed for 1973 in excess of 6.5 percent-the largest services. These include elderly people who in my bill. annual increase in 22 years; were being given hot meals, medical care, The President announced last week Whereas, Federal regulation and manage­ transportation, companionship, consumer aid that he was imposing a ceiling on the ment of the Nation's food marketing sys­ and other simple but vital services in East price of beef, lamb, and pork, in an at­ tem has failed, on a continuing and sys­ Boston, Charlestown, and other neighbor­ tempt to halt rising meat prices. I wel­ tematic basis, to provide consumers with hoods; young people in Jamaica Plain, food at reasonable prices and farmers with Brighton, and elsewhere enrolled in drug come this move, but it is, at best, a tem­ a fair return on invested capital; abuse prevention programs; more than 5,000 porary measure, of limited benefit, and Whereas, Government trade policies and youths employed for the summer by the City­ it points up the need for comprehensive purchases of food influence the cost of food wide Neighborhood Youth Corps; and some action which addresses itself to the total to consumers; 20,000 unemployed people being offered coun­ problem and seeks long range and far­ Whereas, tt is in the long range best in­ seling, placement, and follow-up services in reaching permanent solutions. terests of both consumers and farmers for Neighborhood Employment Centers. In the mall, I have received from my there to be an abundant, wholesome and These are just a few of the programs and constituents, as well as in my personal reasonably-priced food supply; and they reflect only the impact on Boston. Sim­ Whereas, the rate of increase in retail food ilar programs in other cities throughout the contacts with constituents when I hold prices disrupts the fair and efficient func­ Archdiocese will suffer. To whom will these omce hours in my district, one constant tioning of our market system and is unac­ people turn? Our economy is in poor shape. plea predominates: "Do something about ceptable to and a hardship on the American Unemployment in some low income areas is food prices." Just what that something is, consumer: Now, therefore, be it as high as 28%. it is up to the Congress to determine. We Resolved, That the Committee on Bank­ Many will turn to the Churches and social will be in a much better position to make ing and CUrrency, acting as a whole or by agencies. We try our best through parish St. this determination, after the Banking subcommittee, is authorized and directed to Vincent de Paul conferences, our schools, and CUrrency Committee has looked at conduct a full and complete investigation Catholic Charities, Family Counseling, our and study of all matters affecting, influenc­ Planning Office for Urban Affairs to be of as­ the total picture, as it relates to domestic ing, or relating to the cost and availability sistance, but we cannot begin to meet the production, trade policy, and present of food to the American consumer. needs without the co-relative efforts of our Federal, State, and local statutory au­ Such investigation shall include: Federal government. Many of our priests, sis­ thority, and has pulled all of the facts to­ ( 1) The production, processing, market­ ters, and lay people serve as volunteer mem­ gether in a clear and comprehensive way. ing, merchandising, advertising, labeling bers of the looal Boards and programs along Hopefully, we can then arrive at a and retailing of food products for sale to with the low income representatives. This has sound and workable solution to this the American consumer; been a healthy, three-way partnership among domestic crisis-a solution which will (2) The profits, price spreads, produc­ government, private institutions, and private tivity, market structure and competition in take the myriad aspects and ramifica­ all segments of the food industry; citizens. I hate to see it end. I pray that tt tions of the problem into consideration, will continue. (3) The trade policies, practices, regula­ Members of the Committee, I respectfully and a solution which will relieve the tion, services and organization of the Federa.l urge you to do all in your power to convey to American consumer of the mammoth Government and, to the extent they affect the Congress and to the Administration the food cost burden he is now being forced interstate commerce, the State and local gov­ importance of continuing programs to pro­ to bear. ernments affecting, influencing, or in any vide these services to the poor and to insure I might add that my bill is similar in manner relating to the cost and ava11ab111ty their participation in the design and delivery purpose to legislation which has been in- of food to the consumer. April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10639 For the purpose of carrying out this reso­ a resolution calling for the return of the makes a lot of sense. I submit it for re­ lution the committee or subcommittee is "Fort Worth Five" member who is a resi­ printing in the RECORD. authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places within the dent of Rockland County, Mathias Reilly. IN PERU, BRAZIL, ARGENTINA-DOWN SOUTH United States, including any Commonwealth I would like to insert this resolution WITH SENATOR CHILES or possession thereof, whether the House is into the REcoRD for the benefit of my (By Nathan A. Haverstock) in session, ha.s recessed, or ha.s adjourned, to colleagues. It is my hope that the goals Since coming to the Senate two years ago, hold such hearings, and to require, by sub­ of this resolution can soon become a Lawton Chiles, Florida's junior senator, pena. or otherwise, the attendance and tes­ reality for all five men: has-at his own out-of-pocket expense-­ timony of -such witnesses and the production tna.de two fact-finding trips south of the RESOLUTION NO. 264 OF 1973 MEMORIALIZING of such books, records, correspondence, mem­ border, visiting such key nations as Peru, orandums, papers, and documents, a.s it THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS TO EFFECT THE Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. His conclusions deems necessary; except that neither the IMMEDIATE RETURN OF THE "FORT WORTH deserve attention, if only because the Con­ committee nor any subcommittee thereof FIVE" TO THE STATE OF NEW YORK FOR TRIAL gress has so little information about Latin ma.y sit while the House is meeting unless Mr. John Murphy offered the following America, and yet is called upon so often to special leave to sit shall have been obtained resolution which was seconded by Mr. Grant take legislative action affecting that area. and from the House. Subpena.s may be issued un­ and unanimously adopted: U.S. relations with it. der the signature of the chairman of the Whereas, it is a cardinal principle of Chiles traveled-as he did on his now cele­ committee or any member of the committee American justice that those accused of a brated walks across the state of Florida. that designated by him, and may be served by any crime be promptly tried by a jury of their helped him win election to his offi.ce--in person designated by such chairman or mem­ peers in the community in which they reside, search of ordinary citizens, people represent­ ber. and ing as broad a. spectrum of views on their The committee shall report to the House Whereas, it is vital to our system of Amer­ national probletns as possible. as soon as practicable during the present ican justice that our citizens have absolute In an abnormally relaxed mood, the sen­ Congress the results of its investigation and confidence in its fairness and impartiality, ator recently expounded his views on Latin study, together with such recommendations and American to this reporter, an audience of a.s it deems advisable. Any such report which Whereas, it is especially critical that the one. Though it was obviously a. busy day !or is made when the House is not in session application of American justice be always the 42-year-old Floridian-he had to duck shall be filed with the Clerk of the House. free from any taint of subservience to the out !or two votes on the Senate fioor--he political interests of a foreign power, and made clear his feeling that Florida's obVious Whereas, one resident of the County of interest in the area. alone justifies the time Rockland has been spirited to a. Texas jail he is devoting to learning something about far from his family, friends, and community our hemisphere neighbors. As far as the rest and is being held theTe without having been of the Senate is concerned, it can only bene­ GRAND JURY REFORM AND THE convicted of any crime against the Ameri­ FORT WORTH FIVE fit from the energy and interest shown by can people, and Chiles along with pitifully few others. Whereas, there is widespread belie! that "You learn more by listening than you do HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL his prolonged and arbitrary incarceration so by talking," Chiles said of his unusual travel far from his home is being continued in style. "I didn't want to go on the offi.cia.l OF NEW YORK direct furtherance of the polltica.l aims of embassy circuit, or as the guest of my gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. foreign poweT, and ernment. I wanted to set my own schedule." Whereas, his continued incarceration un­ Monday, April 2, 1973 But he didn't want to cause trouble or em­ der the charges in which he is being held barrassment, so he checked out his plans Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the grand without conviction is a. violation of the spirit with the foreign ministries of all countries jury system is older than this country, of American justice and is inherently allen visited. to our doctrine of fairness, and "I found that they didn't really have any but the recent practices of the Justice Whereas, his continued incarceration is a. Department demonstrate that the grand objection to my talking with anyone I violation of his civil rights and is a. direct pleased. Once people locally are really con­ jury does not always fulfill its original thxea.t to the freedom of action and belief of function of protecting the innocent from other Americans who oppose the policies of vinced that you want to hear from all sides a. foreign power, now therefore be it on questions, so as to draw your own conclu­ unwarranted prosecution. sions, no one has any objection to your talk­ The case of the "Fort Worth Five" is Resolved, that the Legislature of the Coun­ ing to anybody in sight." merely one example of how the present ty of Rockland convey, through the President and Congress of the United States, its deter­ Not speaking Spanish as fluently as he grand jury process can be abused. A mination that this man should forthwith be hopes to some day, Chiles relied for interpre­ House Judiciary Subcommittee is pres­ returned to our State and that he be speedily tation on Colin Bradford, a. 33-yea.r-old, ently investigating this matter, but the tried on the charges against him in order to Yale-trained Ph.D. in history, who will be fact cannot be denied that almost a year restore respect for American justice and con­ joining the senator's staff in early March, ago these five men were dragged from fidence in its independence from foreign specifica.lly to help Chiles keep up on Latin political dictates, and be it further America. Contacts Bradford had developed their homes in New York and taken to five years ago while spending a. year studying Fort Worth, Tex., to testify before a Resolved, that copies of this resolution be transmitted to the President of the United economic planning in Chile, under the pre­ grand jury. They have remained interned States, the President of the Senate, the vious administration of President Eduardo there ever since. I feel it is quite appar­ Speaker of the House of Representatives and Frei, were of help in planning the Senator's ent that the Justice Department is en­ to each membeT of the Congress of the United casual encounters with Chileans. gaged in a deliberate policy of harrass­ States from the State o.f New York. Noting that nationalism is on the rise in ment against these men. Latin America, Chiles said "it is tremendous­ ly interesting to see all the different ways in I am planning on introducing legisla­ which Latin American societies are reorga­ tion in the very near future that will niZing themselves to promote the welfare of not only eliminate some of the real and DOWN the ordinary man." potential abuses of the grand jury as it SOUTH WITH SENATOR The senator said he knocked heads with presently operates in the Federal crimi­ CHILES some of his Chilean hosts on the issue of the nal justice system, but also, 1n some expropriation of American-owned business ways, actually speed up the grand jury assets. He pointed out to them that they process. It is my feeling that proper leg­ HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES could not expect this country to accept take­ overs of U.S. interests lying down. His hosts, islation can restore to the grand jury its OF FLORIDA in turn, educated him on some political facts original purpose of protecting the inno­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of life in toda.y's Chile--namely, that no cent citizen without removing its effec­ Monday, April 2, 1973 ma.tter what party might be in power there tiveness as a tool for investigating and it would be political suicide to come out returning indictments. Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I am im­ against nationalization of key industries. Unfortunately, that does not solve the pressed, as I think many will be, by an "We need more consultation with our immediate problem at hand. The unjus­ article appearing in the Miami Herald Latin American neighbors on important changes of policy," Chiles said, "and we need tifiable conduct of the Justice Depart­ on February 13 about the work and the to carry out some of our promises to them." ment has spurred many people into ac­ attitude of Florida's junior Senator, the Chiles mentioned as one specific that the tion. The Rockland County legislature, Honorable LAWTON CHILES. It is entitled United States should grant trade preferences 1n the State of New York, recently passed "Down South With Senator CHn.Es." It to Latin nations "where it is in 0'':- nation- 10640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 al interest ... it should be at least as easy America in Congress assembled, That the All the eggs you need plus some poultry to for us to grant them preferences as it has Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop­ eat. been for us to grant preferences to the Jap­ ment shall immediately cease any suspen­ Contributions to ecology: anese in the past." sion of Federal housing assistance prograins, Eliminates chemical fertilizer for your American businessmen should get more or any withholding of funds for such pro­ yard because you have nature's natural fer­ help from our government, he said. "It is gr.ams, and shall carry out such prograins in tilizer, but of course you wlll have to spread ironical that Japanese and German compa­ the current and each succeeding fiscal year it. nies receive much more government support to the full extent possible pursuant to the Eliminates spray you buy for your bushes than U.S. companies, and yet we get blamed contract authority or other funds appro­ because the chickens take care of the bugs. for government intervention in Latin Amer­ priated or otherwise authorized or made When you butcher the hog take the ex­ ican affairs." It would be better, he added "if available by the Congress for such prograins cess lard and make your homemade soap our government were involved at an earller in each such fiscal year. which Will eliminate the harsh detergents stage . . . encouraging the kinds of trade and SEc. 2. The Secretary, in carrying out his and gets your clothes much whiter and investment that Latin Americans want be­ responsibillties under this Act, shall not brighter. fore a crisis occurs . . . and we should be withhold or delay the approval of appllca­ There 1s one big drawback-the hogs anticipating problems in such areas as nat­ tions for contracts under the Federal hous­ chickens and the cows must be fed and ural resource exploitation ... and we should ing assistance prograins, the entry into con­ taken care of twice a day, 365 days out of be thinking of how we can get business dis­ tracts under such prograins, or the expendi­ the year. Even through vacations and week­ putes resolved through some form of inter­ ture of funds .appropriated for such pro­ ends but just think of how much money national settlement." grains. He further shall take no action you are saving by staying home on your The views voiced by the Florida senator which effectively precludes or delays the ap­ vacation to take care of your livestock. are scarcely novel ones. Indeed, they are proval of applications for contracts for such FORREST DAVIS. shared by senators on both sides of the aisle. prograins, the entry into contracts for such RURAL ROUTE, LYNN, IND. Thus, the Latin American problem remains prograins, or the expenditure of funds appro­ where it has for years on Capitol Hill, on the priated for such programs. willlngness of senators other than Chiles to SEc. 3. "Federal housing assistance pro­ take the time to do something to promote grains" means the prograins established un­ acceptance--in forms of legislative action­ der section 235 and section 236 of the Na­ POSTAL SERVICE of their commonly shared views. tional Housing Act, section 101 of the Hous­ ing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Title IV of the Housing Act of 1950, and the United States Housing Act of 1937. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER OF WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATION'S HOUSING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MORATORIUM Monday, April 2, 1973 FOOD FOR THOUGHT Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. HON. RICHARD T. HANNA Speaker, the U.S. Postal Service has been OF CALIFORNIA the s?bject of much controversy. Its HON. DAVID W. DENNIS wor~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Is under scrutiny by Congress the OF INDIANA media, . and the millions of Ameri~ans Monday, April 2, 1973 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who daily use the mails. Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, as many of Monday, April 2, 1973 ~ere is no question that the Postal my colleagues can recall, I have recently Service in recent years has had more addressed this body on the matter of the Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ than its share of problems and that the administration's housing moratorium. ing is a letter to the editor of my home­ caliber of service has been subject to Although I was generally aware of the town newspaper, the Richmond, Ind., justified criticism. Congress' decision to theoretical problems such an action must Palladium-Item, which may give my make the Postal Service a quasi-inde­ create I have since that time been made metropolitan and urban colleagues some pen<;~ent organization was aimed at cor­ paint-dlly aware of the immediate and food for thought: rectmg many of the problems which concrete impact of the freeze on anum­ ANY TAKERs? made the old Department little more ber of very worthwhile projects in my Editor, The Palladium-Item: than a moribund institution. area. Mr. and Mrs. City Slicker: Ways to rem- Postmaster General Klassen is doing It appalls me that anyone can con­ edy your high food price dilemma. a good job of turning the Postal Service ceive of a policy which commits people ( 1) Get rid of your garbage disposal. around. While service can still be faulted, and substantial dollars to a program in (2) Fence in your beautiful lawn. I have observed real progress. Consider­ good faith and then permits them to be (3) Turn your garage into a barn. ing the massive nature of the system re­ dropped virtually by a hangman's ax as (4) Need $400 in cash for your investment. quired to provide postal service to more being in any way a "right" or correct Go to a farm sale, stand in the mud all than 200 million Americans, I think we national policy. I can understand that day to buy a pig, one half dozen hens, one rooster and an old gentle cow. need to recognize not only the Postal some might be frustrated with certain Service's problems but its achievements such programs, but I cannot see how we You have enough ground in the average yard to feed the pig and chickens the neces­ as well. can suspend indefinitely such programs sary roughage. with no available alternatives to main­ The following letter to the editor of tain this vital capability. You will have to buy the following iteins: the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern by the HUD has offered no alleviation of the a small amount of corn, hay and a few min­ postmaster of the U.S. Post Office in erals from the elevator. Oshkosh, Wis., is one which I feel de­ problems caused those who, in all good Now if you are real energetic, you can faith, merely tried to do what their Gov­ probably get all the hay that you require serves attention: ernment wanted. I am, therefore, today by helping some farmer make hay at hay­ [From the Oshkosh (Wis.) Dally Northwestern, Mar. 10, 1973] introducing legislation to rescind the making time or extra. money at the high present moratorium. This is the least we hourly rate of $2 per hour. POSTAL SERVICE TRYING To MODERNIZE can do while both we and the administra­ Also, after corn harvest, many farmers (By C. W. Spalding, Postmaster, U.S. Post tion evaluate our past efforts and pre­ would gladly let you pick up the corn that Oftl.ce, Oshkosh, Wis.) pare for future directions in housing was missed in the field for your animals. (NoTE.-The U.S. Postal Service has been policy. The text of the blll follows: Now save all your high priced garbage receiving a. great deal of notice lately, notably H.R. 6443 and dishwater to slop the hog. Do you realize as the subject of an investigation by a Senate A bill to assure that Federal housing assist­ that enough garbage goes down the drain to committee. An editorial ea.rller this week drew ance programs are carried out to the full feed that pig? the following article in reply from Oshkosh extent authorized by Congress The end results: Postmaster C. W. Spalding.) Be it enacted by the Senate and House of A pig to butcher. Reference is made to the editorial entitled, .Representatives of the United States of A calf from the cow to butcher. "Some Governinent Costs Can Be Cut," which April 2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10641 appeared in the Tuesday, March 6, 1973, the nation, bear with us during this period of War II, the Korean war, and the Vietnam issue of the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. conversion. war. In this statement, you would like the pub­ He is dedicated and devoted to the na­ lic to believe that the U.S. Postal Service is tional interest and he accepted criticism operating inefficiently, is over priced and forces customers to use their services because philosophically and without rancor-he of the "monopoly on first class mail." WASHINGTONSEMITNAR had a job to do and he did it. As for the "woes of the U.S. Postal Service" General Hershey appeared regularly which you stated were caused by employee before the Subcommittee on Housing, benefits, let me state that today the benefits HON. LES ASPIN Space, Science, and Veterans Appropria­ paid to government employees do not far OF WISCONSIN tions during the time I was honored to exceed those paid in private industry. We are serve as chairman of this subcommittee, tied into a very fine retirement plan, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and he acquitted himself with distinction this plan is largely financed by a. seven per Monday, April 2, 1973 cent deduction from the base salary of the and devotion to the public interest. He employee. Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, a teacher and was unfailingly responsive, courteous, Vacations in the private sector are very constituent of mine, Mr. John W. and cooperative in his relationships with close to, and in some instances exceed the Eyster, recently came to Washington our committee. length of those earned by government em­ with seven of his students to take part The Nation owes General Hershey a ployees. in a Washington seminar of their own great debt of gratitude for his outstand­ Let us take a look at our competition. planning. ing record of public service and I am United Parcel Service provides a. very fine service to its customers. They do. not, how­ The project beg.an with the Janesville, sure we all wish him the very best of ever, offer their services to each and every Wis. students and their teachers mak­ good luck and success as he begins his person who wants to mall a. parcel. It is very ing intense preparations for the visit. richly deserved retirement. probable that if they reach the point whereby Once in Washington, the group exper­ they are required to accept any item that any ienced numerous facets of Washington individual wishes to send anywhere, they life. would then inherit the same problems faced They had interviews with members of by the postal service. HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ON As long as they can remain selective in both the executive and legislative CRIME regards to their clientele, they should be able branches. They viewed the operations of to provide their services at the present stand­ the Voice of America and prepared a tape ard. Who can predict what will happen if the for broadcast. They met with depart­ conditions change? ment officials from the Department of HON. DAVID E. SATTERFIELD III The law does provide the U.S. Postal Serv­ Health, Education, and Welfare and OF VIRGINIA ice with a monopoly on the delivery of first other agencies. Prepared with specific IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES class mall. This does not and never has pre­ topics and areas of interest, the group Monday, April 2, 1973 vented any company from handling its own.. brought their questions to the top law­ intra company messages or billlng service. Mr. SATTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, this It seems plausible to believe that if private makers and law-enforcement agencies Nation is indebted to Chairman CLAUDE business had found it less expensive and in our country. more efficient to provide their own delivery I am certain that this direct con­ PEPPER and to the members and staff of service, it would have done so. The trend up tact with Government officials has the House Select Committee on Crime to this point has been in the other direction. given these students a much keener in­ which has done much to dramatize th~ The Independent Postal Service has estab­ sight and a much greater understanding scope of criminal activity in this country. lished "local" branches in several large cities of the complexities of Government. An editorial which appeared in the in the country, and has tendered a possibility 20 I hope this experience has given them Richmond News-Leader on March of delivering local letters for five cents. This contained well-deserved observatio~ is however, a. strictly local operation and does a much greater appreciation for what about the effect of the work of this com­ not make allowances for the vast transporta­ Government can and is doing for them. mittee. tion network which must be maintained to I further hope that this trip will have in­ The editorial follows: move the mall across our nation and around stilled in them the desire to be active the world. Admittedly, for the postal service and productive citizens within their own DEATH OF A COMMITTEE this is accomplished by contracts with pri­ communities. On June 30, the House's Select Commit­ \Tate business enterprises. If IPSA were to go tee in Crime wm go out of business. It isn't into nationwide distribution, they too would Hopefully, future groups will be able that no more crime exists to investigate, but have to establish a. transportation network. to make this important trip so that more rather that a majority of the House believed A review of postage rates over the past citizens can study first-hand the inner that the select committee's functions overlap quarter century shows that postage rates on workings of our governmental system. the territories of other committees. first class mail increased from two cents an That's a. pity, because the committee has ounce to the present eight cents. In the same done a. good job. It was established four period all other living costs have risen by at years ago when a concensus in the House least the same rate. The cost of the Oshkosh agreed that Congressman Emanual Seller's Daily Northwestern during this period has TRmUTE TO GEN. LEWIS B. HER­ Committee on the Judiciary was neglecting risen from two cents a copy to the present SHEY-A GREAT AMERICAN RE­ the problem of crime. Florida's Claude Pep­ 15 cents a copy--double the rate of increase TIRES FROM PUBLIC SERVICE per became chairman; five Democrats and over the first class postage rate! five Republicans completed the committee. The new U.S. Postal Service is in the proc­ As a select committee, the Pepper Commit­ ess of modernizing facillties, equipment and tee could investigate crime and issue re­ work methods. This however, cannot be ac­ HON. JOE L. EVINS ports of its findings, but it could not initiate in complished overnight an operation as OF TENNESSEE legislation, and its "select" status meant that widespread and complex as this new corpora­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it was only temporary. tion. The committee tackled its task with gusto. Over the past years while private industry Monday, April 2, 1973 was changing their operating policies, no It scheduled hearings in a number of cities, money was available to the Post Office De­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ including Boston, New York. San Francisco, partment for improvements in operation. er, Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, who served our Omaha, and Columbia. Its hearings focused We struggled along using the same methods Nation faithfully and ably as Director on drug abuse, gambling, and organized and techniques established by Ben Frank­ of the Selective Service System for more crime's links with professional sports. It lin. found that at least one-third of ampheta­ than 30 years, is retiring from public mines manufactured annually were winding Today we are in the throes of a change in service. management policies, and improved tech­ up in a lucrative black market .. Its reports niques to provide for more effective use of General Hershey brought a special on juvenile crime offer an authoritative sum­ our facilities and manpower. competence and compassion to a thank­ mary of that problem. It examined drug we can only request that our customers less job-the supervision of the drafting abuse in the schools. consisting of every man, woman and child in of millions of young Americans in World Although the committee produced no leg- 10642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 2, 1973 lalation directly, it was responsible for in­ laws prohibiting the manufacture or sale dlaband, leaving the investigation of crime directly infiuencing some measures aimed of thla paraphernalia. Above all, the com­ to other House committees. The House at reducing drug abuse. It found that a prof­ mittee's activities dramatized the scope of would be foollah to accept a lesser perform­ itable market had been estabilshed for heroin the crime problem, bringing many aspects ance from these other committees than the paraphernalia, leading 34 States to adopt of crime into sharper focus. But now it Will Pepper Committee successfully gave.