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Saab_0249_Submarine_annons_210x297.indd 1 2019-01-11 08:47 CONTENTS CONTENTS: SIXT-GENERATION FIGHTER Editor-in-Chief: 2 The sixth-generation fighter fight M.Sc. Bjørn Domaas Josefsen MAL RPAS 6 A key project for European autonomy

6TH GENERATION FIGHTERS: KNM HELGE INGSTAD EUROPE LOSES AGAIN? 8 KNM Helge Ingstad ready to be raised Several countries are already at work with programmes for the ­development FSi of the next generation of fighter aircraft, planned to enteroperational ­ 9 Norwegian Defence and service after 2040. Security industries association In Europe, France and Germany have indicated that they will ­collaborate on a fighter plane for the future. At the same time, Great FIGHTER FOR FINLAND Britain is being kept out of the French-German programme. 14 Finland to choose fighter planes in 2021 The European nations have a long and colourful, if not very successful,­ story on the joint development of fighter aircraft. The airplanes that have GRIPEN come out of European development have been really excellent aircraft as 16 Gripen for the Philippines? such, but the economics of the projects have let the side down. The joint European projects have been suffering from each participating nation’s interests taking precedence over the overall picture, leading to increased BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, costs. The tangible results are that European fighters like the Tornado INDUSTRY AND TRADE and Eurofighter have hardly been sold outside the partnering nations 17 Poland; New Fighter Aircraft Programme Accelerates themselves, while the US competition like the F-5, F-16, F-18, and more 19 F-16 fighter jets for Slovakia recently the F-35 Eagle, can point to an extensive list of export customers. 20 HUGIN superior AUV22 Russian Arctic military presence The American side has a great advantage in the substantial number­ 25 First Scorpene-class attack submarine for Brazil of planes being ordered by their own American defence, allowing the development costs to be spread across a vast number of airplanes, even RAMJET before the first export contract has been signed. This sizable number of aircraft is no less important when it comes to the distribution of future 26 Missile and projectile range capability will upgrade costs. The number of planes should indeed be the best and most be greatly increased important argument for European collaboration, whereby the greatest­ 28 New ramjet powered 155mm artillery number of partnering countries make for an even greater number of ammunition concept aircraft.­ The Americans, however, have had a further advantage in having RBS15 GUNGNIR the development and production performed in established enterprises, 30 Anti-ship missile such as Lockheed Martin or Boeing. In these businesses, the culture for ­aircraft development is entrenched in the walls, and much of the required NEW POLICE HELICOPTER ­facilities are already in place and operational. This is in stark comparison to Eurofighter, where it was deemed necessary to establish one assembly 32 First flight for the new Norwegian police helicopter plant for finishing the fighters in England, and one in Spain, and another in Germany, not forgetting one in Italy. Now that work is commencing on the 6th generation fighteraircraft ­ in Europe, with France and Germany keeping Great Britain out in the cold, Coverphoto: this is Europe continuing down the same path as before. The ­difference 6th generation fighter being that for the next generation of fighters, the competitors on the aircraft. ­export market will be not just the American planes, but will include Several nations have ­Russian, Chinese, possibly even Indian and Japanese fighter aircraft. launched programs for the next generation of combat For the Europeans to sustain and develop its competence and aircraft. ­capability in the field of fighter aircraft, Europe has to pool its forces The cover photo displays into one fighter plane project. What is more, the future development and how Lockheed Martin Skunk manufacturing of fighter aircraft in Europe must be concentrated into Works (previous named Lockheed Martin Advanced one enterprise with the majority of its facilities assembled in one place. Development Projects) This would of course require some tough political decision processes, imagine that their future during which some countries may see jobs and competencies migrating fighter might be. Art impression by Lockheed to a ­different country. Without such a pooling of resources, however, the Martin Skunk Works European fighter aircraft industry will proceed slowly towards a quiet and very expensive demise.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 1 SIXT-GENERATION FIGHTER

THE SIXTH-GENERATION FIGHTER FIGHT

Several countries have announced programs for development next-generation fighter design for the new class of tactical aircraft that will emerge of sixth-generation fighter aircraft, including the United States, ­after 2030. Lockheed Martin has called United Kingdom, Russia, China, Japan, Germany, and France. for greater speed, range, stealth and self- But whom to partner with and whom not to not partner with, healing structures. has turned out to be quite a fight. In January 2015, Northrop ­Grumman revealed it had stood up teams dedicated to developing a sixth-generation sixth-generation jet fighter is a intended to complement F-35 and replace fighter and that it would compete for the next conceptualized class of fighter its existing aircraft such as the F/A-18E/F fighter. The company indicates it is looking A­aircraft design more advanced Super Hornet. at a supersonic tailless jet, something never than the fifth-generation jet fighters that are As of today, all the three major US created before due to complexity;­ it may also currently in service and in development. industrial players are working on their be optionally manned. sixth-generation fighter concepts. USA In September 2011, ­Boeing France and Germany, -and Spain The United States Air Force (USAF) and ­unveiled a sixth-generation fighterIn July 2017 France and Germany United States Navy (USN) are anticipated ­concept for the U.S. Navy and Air Force. ­announced they would jointly develop a to field their first sixth-generationfighters ­ It is planned to have supercruise and to fly New Generation European Combat Air- in the 2030–40 timeframe. The USAF ­faster and farther than the F-35 Lightning craft to replace the Eurofighter Typhoon, is pursuing a sixth-generation fighter to II. Boeing is self-funding the project until Tornado and Dassault Rafale fighters. ­replace its existing aircraft such as the F-15 an official fighter program starts to have a Dassault and Airbus have been Eagle and complement existing ­platforms design ready. named the primary industrial partners in such as the F-22 Raptor. The USN is Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works the Franco-German project, while France ­pursuing a similar program and likewise division revealed in 2012 a conceptual will lead the programme.

2 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 SIXT-GENERATION FIGHTER

In July 2018 the UK announced the development of a sixth-generation fighter named the Tempest. Art impression: BAE systems

the Royal Air Force at Farnborough Air Show 2018. The UK MOD also announced that the UK and Sweden have conducted ­initial talks regarding collaboration on a future fighter aircraft. The Swedish company Saab, manufacturer of the Gripen fighter, has however also been evaluating the rival German-French fighter plan. But Håkan In December this year the ­Spanish Buskhe, the CEO of Saab, has been quoted Minister of Defence has announced, as saying: “We are in much more intensive by ­letter to her French and German Germany and discussions with the Brits than the other ­counterparts, the Spanish firm’s interest in France have said they would consortium”. being part of the future European fighter be open to working with other partner Meanwhile Boeing, the world´s ­program. Whether Spain will become ­nations, but at a later stage. This has raised ­largest aircraft maker, has expressed ­interest a primary partner or a more secondary concerns that if Britain were to join the in the Tempest program. Head of Boeing ­partner in the French-German program project, it could be forced to take a second- ­Defence, Space & Security, Leanne Caret, has not yet been clarified. ary role and be locked out of the crucial said in an interview with Reuters that Boeing­ planning and design phase of any future is watching the situation, but that it is too United Kingdom, – and Sweden? fighter. In addition, the Brexit tensions early to make definitive statements. But, if The announcement of the French-German have probably not made it easier to join the there is an opportunity, Caret added, Boeing program took the UK government by French-German partnership. would be thrilled to participate. ­surprise. BAE has for several years been In July 2018, British Secretary working with France’s Dassault Aviation on of State for Defence Gavin Williamson Japan a future unmanned fighter. Britain has also ­unveiled the UK’s Combat Air Strategy, and Japan has been seeking to replace its aging­ been a primary partner in the Eurofighter announced the development of a sixth- fleet of fighter aircraft for almost two program, with Germany, Italy and Spain. generation fighter named the Tempest for ­decades. In the first years of the millennium

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 3 SIXT-GENERATION FIGHTER

Japan made efforts to purchase Lockheed­ Martin F-22 Raptor fighters. However, the U.S. Congress had banned the ­exporting of the aircraft in order to safeguard ­secrets of the aircraft’s ­technology such as its ­extensive use of stealth. This ­rejection ­necessitated Japan to develop its own ­modern fifth generation stealth ­fighter. The 40-billion-yen development project called the ATD-X program began in 2009, and in April 2016 the ATD-X ­prototype, (named the Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin) made its first flight. By July 2018 Japan decided that it would need to bring on-board inter­ national partners to complete this project. Three companies have so far been reported as possible candidates: Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems and Northrop Grumman. The ATD-X program is for develop­ ment of a fifth generation fighter, but it is expected that the ATD-X program will then lead to an F-3 fighter based on sixth-­ generation technology. Already in 2010, the Japanese ­Ministry of Defence exposed the concept of sixth-generation national jet fighter. A ­foreign partner in the ATD-X fifth ­generation fighter program will probably also take a strong position for partnering up for a possible sixth-generation fighter as well.

Russia On 26 August 2013, Russia revealed it The two Chengdu J-20s that made its first public appearance at Airshow China 2016. The J-20, would proceed with development of a China’s first fifth-generation combat aircraft, in 2017 became the third stealth fighter to enter service, after sixth-generation jet fighter. They said the American F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II. Photo: Wiki the aircraft will most likely be pilotless. ­However, they would not stop ­completing development of fifth-generation fighter GENERATION OF FIGHTERS projects, like the Sukhoi Su-57. A fifth-generation jet fighter is a jet fighter ­avionics features, and highly integrated The Mikoyan MiG-41 is a sixth- classification used around the world that computer systems capable of networking generation jet fighter interceptor aircraft encompasses the fighter technologies with other elements within the battlespace ­developed during the first part of the 21st for awareness. Typical fifth-generation currently being developed by Mikoyan. The ­century. As of 2019 these are the most fighters are US F-35, F-22, the Russian SU-57 project starts in 2019, and if purchased­ by advanced. The exact characteristics of fifth- and the Chinese J-20. The definition of the the Russian Air Force, the firstproduction ­ generation jet fighters are controversial and term ­fifth-­generation fighter from Lockheed of MiG-41 could be completed in 2025, to vague, with Lockheed Martin defining them as Martin has been criticized by companies having all-aspect stealth even when armed, whose products do not conform to these enter service after 2027. low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR), particular specifications, such as Boeing and high-performance airframes, advanced Eurofighter.­ China The J-20, China’s first fifth-generation combat aircraft, made its maiden flight in January 2011. Recently, Yang Wei, a It took China roughly 20 years in size to the American F-35. FC-31 is ­deputy director at the Aviation Industry to develop J-20, and assuming a similar ­another fifth-generation combat plane, and Corp of China, said to Chinese media: “We ­development timeline, a Chinese sixth- China wants the FC-31 to compete on the will develop the J-20 into a large family of generation fighter could be ready by the international market for advanced fighter fighters. At the same time, we will think late 2030s. jets. The Chinese Air Force has made it about our next-generation combat plane to In addition to the twin-engine J-20, clear that it will not allow exports of the meet the nation’s future requirements.” China is testing the FC-31, which is ­similar J-20.

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CorpoDual_NavalGroup_V4_210x297_VA.indd 1 22/10/2018 09:30 MALE RPAS

MALE RPAS: A KEY PROJECT FOR ­EUROPEAN AUTONOMY

The MALE RPAS drone system will be the prestige project for the European Union to contribute to greater European security political autonomy and increased military capability. Backing the project are Germany (Airbus Industrie), France (Dassault) and Italy/Spain (Leonardo-Finmeccanico) with equal shares.

Text and photo: Tor Husby The FFi report says that the MALE RPAS should not be landing as a solitary­ he project was launched into its swan. Other critical shortcomings of definition phase in 2016 and is the European defences should also be Tnow entering its development ­rectified, particularly in areas such as air- phase. According to the plan, the ­prototype to-air fuelling,­ satellite communication will take to its wings in 2023, to achieve and ­cyber defence. The development of operational status in 2025. The virile MALE RPAS will have be a tremendously ­abbreviation stands for “Medium Altitude­ positive influence on the competitiveness Long Endurance Remotely Piloted Aircraft of the European defence industry base, Systems”. Strategic autonomy has made and its ability to stay at the cutting edge a full entry on the European security-­ of technology,­ while contributing to the political agenda, particularly after the USA ­technology gap between Europe and the under president Trump is showing­ less of USA being reduced rather than growing Chief researcher Bjørn Olav Knutsen, FFI. an inclination to assume an international larger. The resultant effects of the RPAS de- leadership role. The first consequence velopment project will also help Europe in of the American leadership no longer its ability­ to make and produce war planes ­being a given, is that the European allies and ­managed air systems. The German, class of more than 600 kgs with unlimited must ­collaborate to exercise the necessary French and Spanish/Italian industry group range is for strategic levels and Joint Task leadership.­ firmly believes that the project could lead Groups. This biggest class is where the to the European defence industry through MALE RPAS will belong. European deficiencies MALE RPAS being able to assume a ­leading However, more autonomy is not just some- role in RPAS development, through elimi- Increasing trans-Atlantic thing that can be decided by the organs nating its dependence on US and ­Israeli ­distance of the Union. Europa is sorely lacking in techno­logy, while at the same time pro­ The ability of the European Union to act ­systems for (joint) ISTAR assignments, that viding ­European defence organisations­ independently is a recurring theme in the is Intelligence, strategic target data and with ­operative ­systems of great ­quality. EU’s global strategy, which was presented­ ­reconnaissance. In a recent report by FFI, Most types of RPAS are without ­weapons, in 2016. In order to realise the ambitions,­ the Norwegian Defence Research ­Institute, while the technology­ development is more defence collaboration and more penned by chief researcher Bjørn Olav Knut- ­increasingly pointing towards­ the arming ­extensive defence integration are among sen, it is emphasised that the EU in 2013 of military units. In recent years, RPAS the requirements. Behind this development­ was referring to drones, most often­ called have been very successful in protecting is the increased trans-­Atlantic political RPAS in Europe, as the biggest­ ­strategic own forces and reducing civilian fatalities and military separation in the wake of inadequacy of the European­ defences.­ in military operations. Brexit and Donald Trump’s victory in the ­Advanced drones are important­ strength The RPAS are classified according Presidential­ election. multipliers, with their ability to provide to weight, range, operational altitude and The threat evaluations of the USA the defence with reliable data. RPAS are ­endurance. The smallest, with less than are increasingly focussed on meeting the even being called a revolutionary means – 150 kgs and a range of 5 kms, are ­intended challenges from China and North Korea. ­effectively a game-changer. They also ­reduce for a single troop, company or battalion. The basis for the modernisation of the US the need for personnel on the ground, in The next class up, for brigade level, is defence is to maintain the nation’s military both civilian­ and military operations.­ The the tactical units with weights of 150 to and technological advantage over China global Hawk system, for example, is being 600 kgs and an operational altitude up to and Russia, and to identify new technology­ serviced by a crew of 600 persons. 18,000 meters (60,000 feet). The biggest and concepts to form a part of the ­defence.

6 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 MALE RPAS

Art impression of MALE RPAS drone. Ill. Airbus

In the European threat ­evaluations, ­China defence research as the combined efforts of board in the next hot segment: Robots, does not feature as a future ­military ­danger, Great Britain, Germany and France. After ­autonomous systems, machine learning, but instead as a promising economic­ the year 2000, European defence research artificialintelligence ­ and lasers. In the final ­opportunity.­ Europe is particularly worried­ has dropped significantly – such as from ­reckoning, the European defence industry about the ongoing and long-lasting war in 10.6 bn euro in 2006 to 7.5 bn in 2013. may be reduced to a niche activity. This will the Ukraine and the Russian ­annexation The amount invested by the USA is seven ­impact hugely on the long-term ability of of the Crimea, about Islamic terror, about times greater. The defence industry on the the European Union to be an ­autonomous government collapse and civil wars in European continent of today has fewer security political player. The FFI is warning­ Libya and Syria, with their significant development projects going on than what that if the member countries continue to ­contributions to the migration crisis. was the case 20 years ago. prioritise national sovereignty, the ability ­Finally, there are deep-rooted economic­ The defence industry remains to mount a credible defence will suffer in and political crises in many European strong, however. Revenues total more the long run. This is particularly true for countries. The European challenge is to than 100 billion euro. The industry the smaller and medium-large countries. It find relevant and effective responses to the ­directly employs­ half a million people, is generally acknowledged that the defence threats that are worrying the populations.­ and ­generate a further 1.2 million jobs industry’s industry base will no longer be Each and of their own, the European ­indirectly, contributing­ a great deal to sustainable on a solely national level. The ­nations are lacking the economic resources techno­logy and innovation. Until now, the cure is a general re-orientation towards a to handle the defence and security political defence industry has been at the forefront common European technology platform. challenges. Or, as it has been said: “Peace of radar, missiles, conventional submarines This is one thing. without money, war without America”. and armed personnel vehicles, because of The other thing is that the future earlier smart investments. The industry depends greatly on whether the USA will Reduced Defence Research a has been consolidating from the 1990’s, accept a European influence on American Danger and several European defence concerns are defence modernisation, by opening up its The FFI report states that Brazil, Russia, among the ten greatest in the world. defence market in a way that may reduce India and China (the BRIC nations) are But if the negative trend persists,­ the technology gap between the USA and ­investing more than twice as much into Europe will be off the world leader Europe.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 7 NORWEGIANKNM HELGE INGSTADDEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) KNM HELGE INGSTAD READY TO BE RAISED

The work on raising the sunken The Norwegian frigate KNM frigate, KNM Helge Ingstad, Helge Ingstad has now commences. The sank following its collision with salvage operation is likely to the tanker Sola take a few weeks, depending TS on the morn- ing of the 8th of on the weather conditions. November last year. Photo: FMS hen the frigate is raised, it will be Wtransported on barge to the naval main base at Håkonsvern near Bergen. The Accident Investigation Board Norway is working on clarifying the cause of the casualty, and has submitted a ­preliminary report as of 29 November. It will probably be another year before the the Defence Chief, Haakon Bruun-Hanssen, as possible, while at the same time doing final report is ready. ­considers that all commitments are well in all we can to make sure something ­similar Further to this, the Navy will conduct hand, at least until the end of 2019. doesn’t happen again, says the Defence its own internal investigation of the events. – We are resolving much of the Chief. challenge by keeping a double crew on Just how the situation will be Operative challenges one frigate, letting the crews alternate on ­resolved in the longer view remains to The fact that the Norwegian Navy has sailing the vessel. On the other hand, the be seen, and depends on the state of now been reduced from five to four sailing vessel cannot be in two places at the same KNM “Helge Ingstad” after the salvage ­frigates will naturally have an impact on the time, so there will be limitations in effect. is ­complete. A firm decision has to be ­operational deliveries from the defence, but We must fulfil on our commitments as well ­deferred until a later time.

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8 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

N o rw e g i a n D e f e n c e a nd S e c u r i t y I nd u s t r i e s A ss o c i at i o n (FSi) THE LEADING ASSOCIATION IN NORWAY ADVOCATING THE INTERESTS OF ITS SECTOR, AND THE PRIMARY INTERLOCUTOR FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN MATTERS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE INDUSTRY. AFFILIATED WITH THE CONFEDERATION OF NORWEGIAN ENTERPRISE (NHO) AND REPRESENTING MORE THAN 100 COMPANIES FORSVARET MÅ SATSE PÅ FOU

jennom mange tiår har til å ta kalkulert risiko, har i det fallende med våre. Det kommer til å i samarbeid mellom FFI, Forsvars­ Forsvaret og industrien­ lange løp vist seg å gi resultater påvirke brukerkravene til Forsvarets materiell og Forsvars- og sikkerhets­ Gsamarbeidet for å finne som i mange tilfeller langt har over- ­materiell og systemer. industriens forening. Rapporten de riktige løsningene som styrker steget hva forventingene i utgangs­ Dersom de tradisjonelle er et viktig innspill i arbeidet­ forsvarsevnen. Kreativitet og punktet var. ­modellene for utvikling og med å skape ytterligere moment i innovasjons­evne har preget mange Den teknologiske utviklingen ­anskaffelse av forsvarsmateriell ­implementeringen av den nasjonale­ av de, kanskje dristige, satsnin- går imidlertid stadig hurtigere. Det videreføres uten endring er derfor­ forsvarsindustrielle­ strategien­ gene på utvikling av nasjonale innebærer at mulighetsrommet for risikoen stor for at Forsvaret i som Regjeringen­ presenterte­ i løsninger, som har resultert i gode å ta frem helt nye konsepter og ­fremtiden kan få levert materiell og Stortings­melding 9 (2015-2016). produkter og systemer, slik som løsninger blir stadig større, men systemer som både er teknologisk­ Særlig i ­relasjon til Stortingets bl.a. ­missiler, luftvern, kommuni- det forutsetter handlekraft og evne utdatert og irrelevant i forhold klart uttrykte forventning om kasjons-, kommando-­ og kontroll- til å gå fra ide til utvikling mye trussel­bildet. Derfor må noe gjøres at strategien skal innebære en systemer, avansert ammunisjon ­hurtigere enn i dag for å utnytte for å legge til rette for å nyttiggjøre satsning på forskning og utvikling og undervannssystemer. Mange dette rommet. Samtidig er den seg den stadig raskere teknologiske­ innenfor de åtte teknologiske­ av disse satsningene har også ­sikkerhetspolitiske situasjonen og utviklingen, som i stor grad er ­drevet kompe­tanseområdene som det er ­resultert i store eksportkontrakter­ den globale økonomiske balansen i av kommersielle krefter, og for å enighet om at skal videre­utvikles som både kommer Forsvaret og rask endring. Aktører som tidligere sikre at Forsvaret forblir ­relevant. og styrkes i norsk forsvarsindustri.­ stor­samfunnet til gode. ikke var teknologisk på nivå med For industrien er dette også Dette er viktig fordi det har Felles for så å si alle de vel- Vesten haler raskt innpå og vil med selvfølgelig helt vesentlig. Uten liten hensikt å utvikle nye sam­ lykkede nasjonale utviklings­ stor grad av sannsynlighet være relevante løsninger som kommer­ arbeidsmodeller uten at de fylles prosjektene er at de har blitt minst på samme ­teknologinivå i ut i markedet tidsnok til at de er med innhold. I denne sammen­ gjennomført innenfor rammen av ­løpet av noen få år. Enkelte av disse teknologisk på høyden har norsk hengen er det viktig å minne om den såkalte trekantmodellen, som aktørene­ har samfunnssystemer­ forsvarsindustri ingen fremtid.­ at mange av de løsningene­ som i har gjort det mulig å kombinere­ som gjør det mulig å handle svært Derfor er det helt avgjørende at dag er helt avgjørende for forsvars­ ­kompe­tanse hos brukerne, i hurtig i forhold til å ta i bruk ny nye modeller for samarbeid som evnen, og som utgjør en stor andel forsknings­miljøene og i industrien teknologi uten å ­gjennomføre gjør det ­mulig å arbeide tettere og av forsvars­industriens eksport, har på en effektiv­ måte. Det har gjort ­konsekvensanalyser og uten å hurtigere sammen med brukerne og sitt utspring i FOU-satsninger som det mulig å ta frem ­materiell og ­hensyn ta etiske og ­juridiske ­forskningsmiljøene blir implemen­ ­ligger langt tilbake i tid, i noen ­systemer i Norge som det, gitt problem­stillinger på samme tert. ­tilfeller 20-30 år. Skal forsvars­ tilgjengelige ressurser, ikke er måte som i Vesten. Det betyr Nylig presenterte Forsvarets­ industrien fortsette å bidra til selvsagt at skulle kunne la seg ­sannsynligvis at vi kommer til å se forskningsinstitutt (FFI) en forsvarsevnen og til ­betydelige realisere nasjonalt. Det tette sam­ helt nye ­anvendelser av teknologi rapport­ om «Forsvarssektorens­ inn­tekter til ­Staten er det helt arbeidet og evnen til å tenke nytt, hos aktører som ikke har verdier innovasjons­modell – Trekant­ avgjørende at det fortsatt satses på kombinert med vilje hos alle parter og ambisjoner som er sammen­ modellen v. 2.0» som er utarbeidet FOU i forsvarssektoren.­

P.O. Box 5250 Majorstuen, Tel: + 47 23 08 80 00 E-mail: [email protected] NO- 0303 Oslo. NORWAY Telefax: + 47 23 08 80 18 Internet: www.fsi.no

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 9 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN-UK DEFENCE ­INDUSTRY SEMINAR

On November 7th and 8th, the FSI and ADS held the “Norwegian- ADS UK Defence Industry Seminar” at Holmenkollen Park Hotel in Oslo. ADS is the Premier Trade Some 50 delegates had turned out, from both Norwegian and British Organisation for companies in the UK Aerospace, Defence, ­commerce and industry,­ armed forces and ministries. Security and Space Sectors. Membership is made up of over he conference was is the most significant market From the industry side, 1000 UK registered businesses. opened by Tone ­Skogen, for the ­British defence industry, ­Rachel Edwards from BAE Tstate secretary for the ­counting for in excess of 50 % of ­Systems Maritime Service Ministry of Defence, who in her the British­ defence­ export value. and Øyvind Røtevold from company delivers ­products opening statement emphasised In the ranking of ­customers for the Norwegian­ Metronor AS and ­solutions for bore sight the close relations between the British defence industry,­ ­presented the British Sting systems, helmet tracker ­Britain and Norway, pointing to ­Norway is holding the 8th Ray Torpedo project, which ­alignment, helmet tracking, the common value basis shared place, said Spriggs, adding that has been conducted by BAE and for lightweight position­ by both countries. the purchase of helicopters and ­systems. Metronor has been and orientation ­tracking Further emphasis of the related materiel counts for an an important subcontractor­ for sensors­ and weapons. common ground between important share hereof. to this project. Metronor is ­Metronor has previously had ­Norway and Great Britain came Insofar as the opportunities­ located just outside Oslo, and deliveries to and been a sub- from Mark Butler of the British for the Norwegian defence­ to the military market, the supplier to BAE ­Systems. MoD: ­industry in Britain are - From the British side, we ­concerned, Dominic Guinnes of see Norway as a key partner, the DIT DSO reported that the with a lot of commonality with British defence budget is some Great Britain. For one thing, as 35.3 billion pounds, making it of next spring, both countries the fifth largest in the world. The will be outside the EU, while British Defence is planning to both remain active members of spend some 178 billion pounds NATO. Similarly, both ­nations on defence materiel procure- have interests in the North ments over the next ten years. ­Atlantic, and here there are Further to this, Great Britain wide opportunities for collabo- stands for about 40 percent of ration. This is not least true for the total European expenditure the P-8 aircraft, where we see towards research and develop- The Oslo-based company Metronor AS has enjoyed several important contracts with the British BAE systems over the years. From the left, Rachel Edwards from possibilities for co-operation on ment in the defence sphere. BAE Systems and Øyvind Røtevold from Metronor AS. Photo: MilitærTeknikk training and maintenance. - The British Defence also has a long-standing tradition­ for exercising in Norway, and for the time ahead, we do not ­merely want to exercise in ­Norway, but we wish to exercise together with Norwegian units. Aimee Spriggs from the DIT DSO (Department of Inter­national Trade - Defence and ­Security Organisation) ­presented the overall view of the British defence industry, while informing listeners that over the last ten years, Great Britain has been the world’s ­second largest exporter of ­defence materiel, with only the From the British side, it was emphasised that Norway is regarded as a key ­partner for Great Britain. From the left; Mark USA in front. The Middle East Butler, Amiee Spriggs and ­Dominic Guinnes. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

10 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) PROGRAM CONFERENCE LAND

This year’s Program Conference Land was held FACTS AND FIGURES at the Holmen Fjord hotel in Asker, with a NOMAD02 IS AN 8×10 FOOT DUAL EXPANSION CONTAINER MODULE record attendance of 138 delegates. The Fieldmade NOMAD02 module enables soldier driven in-field Additive Manufacturing intended for prototyping and production of temporary spare parts in or near real time. Like all units in the ollowing input from a and verified. Counter-measures ­NOMAD series, it is built on MILSPEC principles and can be equipped to operate fully self-sustainably in extreme conditions. number of participants against the threats could be The NOMAD02 includes one modular printing cell, one CAD Fat the previous Program deployed weapons stations or design working station in addition to tools and fixtures needed to Conference Land Systems, many ground forces. ­perform part testing and inspection. The unit’s light weight and of this year’s discourses were During Trident Juncture, we ­efficient space utilization enables use in a Forward Operating Base ­focused on the technological­ were also able to show our so- setting. Other units in the NOMAD series includes the NOMAD 1 for production of lighter and smaller spare parts, and the NOMAD03 for possibilities and opportunities­ lutions to a number of decision larger spare parts. of the future. makers among our allies, which LT. Col. Jens Inge Hyndøy­ happened to be one of the main gave a presentation on how purposes of the demonstration ­replacement parts in the course - In our view, it will be more ­experimentation into new under Trident Juncture. of a few hours – spares that valuable for the defence to keep ­technology was done during the Trident Juncture also afford- would otherwise have taken a weapons system in operation exercise Trident Juncture this ed Norwegian industry the op- days to have delivered from using a temporary 3D-printed autumn. portunity to test out some of its central supplies. This meant spare part than to leave the - On the harbour of Stjørdal, products. Christian Dun Nor- that the weapons system that weapons systems inactive un- not far from the international berg from Fieldmade AS pre- was missing a part could be til an original replacement part airport Værnes, the FFI was sented production of spare parts kept operational, rather than comes through the pipeline, able to show its concept for the in the field. Fieldmade AS has being taken out of commission Dun Norberg explains. base defence of the future. Our developed various container-­until a permanent replacement Dun Nordberg also de- demonstration showed how we based solutions for e.g. 3D part could be delivered. We also scribed how Fieldmade is test- for instance envision that the printing of replacement parts. made replacement parts for ma- ing out 3D printing under vari- base defence of the Air Station­ During Trident Juncture, one teriel from the other countries, ous conditions. We have among Ørland can be done. Based of these container ­solutions, and in some cases, we took just other things have a system de- on information from drones, designated NOMAD02, was a short time to create temporary ployed to the coast guard vessel ­autonomous vehicles and boats, ­deployed for testing. spare parts that would other- KV Barentshav, for the purpose as well as deployed sensors, - During the exercise, wise have taken weeks to pro- of testing our ability to make various threats can be detected we manufactured temporary vide through ordinary channels. parts on a moving platform.

Lt. Col. Jens Inge Christian Dun Hyndøy presented Norberg from experiences from Fieldmade AS pre- testing of new sys- sented experiences tems under Trident from 3D print- Juncture. ing of spare parts Photo: during the Trident MilitærTeknikk Juncture exercise. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 11 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI)

FSi SMB CORPORATE PRESENTATION:

Axnes develops and supplies advanced and highly durable wireless intercom solutions designed to perform under extreme conditions. Axnes intercom solutions provide increased mission capabilities, enhanced situational awareness and improved crew safety. Axnes wireless intercom solutions are today­ being installed in fixed wing aircraft, helicopters, military vehicles and artillery units, and used in a number of Special Forces programs. In addition, Axnes has been supplying wireless intercom to a ­number of civilian projects.

History Customer case Axnes was established based The SAR helicopter winchman on a need voiced by the Royal has for decades been ­depending Air Force (RAF) in the late 90’s on hand signals to enhance crew safety during­ to communicate­ SAR operations. The RAF soon with the winch teamed up with the ­Norwegian operator or to the company Helikopter­service and pilot for being Canadian Helicopter ­Company hoisted into posi- (CHC) who had similar­ tion and avoiding ­requirements. This resulted­ in obstacles such as a RAF requirement specification­ rocks, powerlines, to which Axnes ­replied, and trees etc. In darkness, fog and which formed the basis for poor sight conditions, hand sig- establishing­ the company.­ nals obviously have a ­reduced Axnes successfully developed ­effect, and over the years, a ­communications system winchmen have been injured ­adapted by the RAF, CHC and and in some cases killed, due tion capable of coping with envi- decades in the SAR world, Axnes soon by Bristow, Bond, and to lacking communication with ronmental impacts, such as noise, has added secure communica- ­several other ­helicopter opera- the ­helicopter crew. seawater, snow and cold weather, tions capabilities­ to our system tors. In 2008 the company had a The Axnes solution was to bumping and beating etc. ­giving military users access to the solid ­customer base in ­Northern develop radio communication The solution gave ­better capa­bility and applications not Europe but needed help to ex- between the winchman and the safety for SAR helicopter only for Combat­ SAR, but also pand further. The company pilot and winch operator. To ­personnel and has increased ­military transport aircraft, ­Special was acquired by Ugland, a Nor­ be viable, the solution required operational capability signifi- ­Operations, boats, armored wegian ship-­ owner­ family. hands-free operation, and protec- cantly. After maturing over 2 vehicles­ and artillery.­

ABOUT AXNES:

Axnes was founded in 1995, and is a a certified supplier to international ­active in four US Department of Why maintain the membership in FSi? privately owned company head- companies such as Airbus, Leonardo, Defence/ Department of Homeland Access to networks, and an effective quartered in Grimstad, Norway with Sikorsky, and Bell. Furthermore, Security programs. Axnes if offering its meeting point with the DoD and the offices in the United Kingdom, Austria Axnes is an EASA Part 21 and Part equipment widely throughout NATO. Defence, a valued sparring partner and the United States of America, 145 approved­ quality organization. and advisor regarding defence and worldwide distribution through its The company has a worldwide Owners: The company is owned by ­policies and regulations. partner network. The company name, customer base and has been sup- Knut Axel Ugland Holding Axnes is derived from the name of plying its wireless intercom systems Number of employees: 24 - 18 in How does the company make use of the creative engineer, John Gunnar for two decades.­ Axnes’ products Grimstad, 4 in the US, and 2 in Europe, its membership in the FSi? Aksnes, one of the founders of the are developed­ and manufactured in most of whom are engineers and By participating in different forums and company. Norway. technicians. conventions, we achieve a broader Today Axnes is widely recognized as Axnes is heavily expanding into The company´s standing as a member reach and higher visibility, on the do- the industry leader within its field, and ­military markets, and is currently of the FSi: Since: 2010 mestic as well as international arenas.

12 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 NORWEGIAN DEFENCE AND SECURITY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (FSI) AIM NORWAY

KONGSBERG AND PATRIA WILL ACQUIRE AIM NORWAY

Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA) and Patria have - KDA has worked for a long ­entered into an agreement with the Norwegian Ministry of time to become a strategic partner to the ­Norwegian armed forces in the main­ Defence for the purchase of Aerospace Industrial Maintenance tenance field, and the acquisition of AIM Norway AS (AIM Norway). is an important part of this effort. We are also noting that on many key areas im Norway is the Norwegian armed BEC is a one-stop shop for engine­ of competence.­ Patria and AIM are very force’s business for maintenance,­ maintenance,­ repair­ and overhaul­ services.­ complementary, says Eirik Lie, President of Aoverhaul and upgrade of the Air The AIM Group conducts advanced­ Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace. Force’s aircraft and helicopters. KDA and and heavy maintenance,­ overhaul and AIM Group is expected to have Patria have entered into agreement for a ­upgrades, primarily­ within air military ­revenue of around NOK 1 billion and an shared ownership where KDA’s ownership ­operations. Important­ priorities are engine­ EBITDA margin of 8-9% for 2018. The is 50.1% and Patria’s 49.9%. ­main­tenance for the new F-35 aircraft ­parties have agreed an enterprise value of AIM Norway has played a major and for Norway’s new search and rescue NOK 151 million, on a cash and debt free role in the Norwegian aviation industry helicopters.­ basis, and with normalized working capital.­ since 1916, and has 440 employees and AIM has its main operating base This value reflects i.e. acommitment ­ for revenues of 113 million euros (2017). at Kjeller and an operative unit at Rygge AIM to invest around NOK 540 million in AIM Norway also owns Belgium Engine­ air station. AIM has 100% ownership in the new F-35 national facility at Rygge over ­Center (BEC), with its main ­operating base the Belgium Engine Center SPRL(BEC) in the next 2-3 years. in Herstal, outside of Liege in Belgium.­ ­Herstal outside of Liege in Belgium.

From left, President International Support Partnership, Jukka Holkeri from Patria; Defence Ministry Expediting Manager Anders Melheim; Defence Ministry State Secretary Tone Skogen; Kongsberg Group CEO Geir Håøy; KDA CEO Eirik Lie, and Aim Norway CEO Ove Haukåssveen. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 13 FIGHTER FOR FINLAND

A Finnish F-18 Hornet takes fuel from a US Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker during training in Tampere, Finland. Photo US Air Force

FINLAND TO CHOOSE FIGHTER PLANES IN 2021

In 2021, the government of Finland will make a decision on which ­Equally important is the issue of whether Finland can afford to buy, use and develop fighter aircraft will be procured as replacement for the F-18 Hornet. the planes over their expected service life. A total of 64 new multi-role fighters are to be phased in during the One ­general requirement is for the new period of 2025 to 2030, in parallel with the existing fleet of F-18 ­fighters to be at least on a par with the Hornet gradually being taken out of service. This renewal of the enemy’s aircraft. And because the planes will be in service until around 2060, fighter force will have a cost of 7 to 10 billion euros. a great deal of development potential­ must be a feature of the design. This is Text: Tor Husby licence built in Finland and entered service ­actually ranked higher than their current in 1995 to 2000, is not regarded as a viable ­capabilities in order of importance. On the he candidates include the two option. ­industrial side, the price must be right, American fighters, the Boeing F/A Finnish defence industry­ must be assigned­ TSuper Hornet and the Lockheed The main requirements at least 30 ­percent of the contract­ value, Martin F-35, and the three European Decisive points for winning the ­contract while the supply security, spare parts and ­contestants of Dassault Rafale (France) will not merely be the fighters’ air support must be ­guaranteed. Eurofighter Typhoon (Great Britain), and ­combat ­superiority, effectiveness against Testing of how the different aircraft the Swedish Saab Gripen. Any stretching sea and land targets, and the capacity­ types manage under Finnish conditions of the life span of the Hornets, which were for reconnaissance­ and intel-gathering. will start in 2019.

14 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 FIGHTER FOR FINLAND

Finnish territory, and accordingly, this is the area that the fighters must cover. This calls for the number of aircraft and their speed, range and fire-power to be of an ­order capable of operating all over Finland – even during extended periods. Multi-role ­fighter aircraft will be the most ­effective ­replacement to assume and expand on the current role of the Hornets. Ground-based air defence is useful for the protection of ­important assets, and is a valuable supple- ment, but quite unable to provide national ­protection against airborne threats. The procurement of unmanned aerial vehicles Finnish F-18 coming in for landing. In 2021 Finland will decide on a replacement for the F-18 Hornet. (UAV) will come up for ­consideration Photo: Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire/Wiki ­later on. Neither air defence weaponry nor UAV’s, however, can replace fighter air- Weapons and equipment are to be negotiations. Finland has requested craft. Control over the national air space is procured under a separate contract, while ­information on weapons and other equip- an ­absolute MUST. The lack thereof would the decision on this remains a part of the ment from these seven countries: France, leave the society vulnerable to enemy air fighter selection process. The goal is to Germany, Great Britain, Israel, Norway, attacks. sign the contract on this supply­ ­during Sweden and the USA. A procurement such as this ­cannot the spring of 2021. Because the ­estimated be financed via the regular defence ­total cost of the new fighter planes ­includes A Key Role ­budget. A ­special allocation is required. weapons and sensors, negotiations­ on these The defence administration has concluded ­Main­tenance and operations, however, are to run in parallel. It will be possible­ to that there are no other systems that can will be covered through the normal annual use some of the systems in several­ ­different ­replace multi-role fighters, because they ­defence budgets. The Ministry­ of Defence multi-role fighters, and this will be an are playing a key military role. The Defence holds that the maintenance costs will be on ­important factor to evaluate in the contract­ is tasked with the protection of the entire a par with the current F-18.

Den beste løsningen

101

Helikopteret AW101 er klasseledende i den mellomstore til tunge kategorien helikopter, og har fl øyet mer 420.000 timer, i oppdrag over hele veden, fra Arktis til Antarktis. Helikopteret er designet for å tilfredsstille de strengeste kravene til rekkevidde, nyttelast, ytelse og sikkerhet under de aller mest krevende forhold. AW101 har oppvist en e ektiv rekkevidde på over 900 nautiske mil, kan etterfylle drivsto i luften, kan frakte opptil 38 soldater på kollisjonssikre seter, og er utstyrt med det nyeste av instrumentering for å minimalisere pilotenes arbeidsbelastning og oppnå maksimal sikkerhet. Kostnadse ektiv, livsløpsdekkende support er tilgjengelig sammen med omfattende brukeropplæring basert på bred operativ erfaring, for å oppnå e ektiv drift og operativ suksess. Inspirert av visjonen, kreativiteten og skaperevnen til den store mesteroppfi nneren - skaper Leonardo morgendagens teknologi.

leonardocompany.com Helicopters | Aeronautics | Electronics, Defence & Security Systems | Space

M-18-0200 MilitaerTeknikk AW101.indd 1 07/11/2018 11:34:29 GRIPEN GRIPEN FOR THE PHILIPPINES?

The Philippines has identified the Saab Gripen as the best ­candidate for the nation’s fighter requirement.

he government-owned Philippine News Agency recently quoted T­defence secretary Delfin Lorenzana as saying that the Swedish fighter is the The Philippine government states that Gripen is the best option for their future multi-role fighter. best option in terms of price and capability. Should the Philippine Air Force acquire Gripen, it would be the second operator of Gripen in the East Asian -Apart from being cheaper to region. Thailand operates 11 Gripens. Thailand had 12 Gripen fighters, but one was lost in a crash in 2017. The photo shows Gripens from the Thai Air Force during as sunset flight. Photo: Saab ­purchase and less expensive to maintain, Gripen has also proved to be an excel- lent fighter aircraft, Lorenzana told the retired in 2005 because of old age and lack growing presence in the South China Sea news agency in an exclusive interview this of spare parts. has forced Manila to rethink conventional week. In 2014, Manila signed a $420 capabilities. He is reported as saying that the ­million deal with Korea Aerospace ­Industries According to reports, the inclination to acquire Gripen follows for 12 FA-50s, all of which have been deliv- ­Philippines are looking at acquiring two ­thorough research into the matter. ered. The capability of the FA-50 however, is squadrons of fighters, although the total The Philippine Air Force has for limited compared with the Gripen. number of aircraft that will be procured more than a decade been looking for what In the 2000’s, Manila’s focus was and the value of finances set aside for the aircraft will be the replacement for its primarily on counterinsurgency missions procurement have not yet been confirmed ­US-made F5A/B jet interceptors that were in the southern Philippines, but China’s by the Philippine government.

RAFALE PULLS OUT OF CANADA´S ­FUTURE FIGHTER COMPETITION

In February this year the Canadian government ­reviled the five candidates for the upcoming competition to provide Canada with a new fighter jet.

he aircraft to be offered to Canada T­include Lockheed Martin’s F-35, Boeing’s­ Super Hornet, the Eurofighter Typhoon, the Dassault Rafale and Saab’s Gripen. French Air Force Rafale fitted with 6 AASM and MICA missiles. Photo: A. Jeuland/French Air Force As of this November, Dassault ­Aviation has officially confirmed to that the company has pulled out of Canada’s future Canada plans to buy 88 jets at an is expected to be selected in spring 2021. fighter program. Dassault decided not to estimated to cost of CA$19 billion (U.S. The first aircraft would be delivered some- offer the Rafale fighter to Canada, because $15 billion). time in 2025. Deliveries could take place of the extensive Canadian requirements for A request for proposals for the new between then and 2031. The new aircraft interoperability with U.S. forces, according fighter jets will be issued in 2019, ­Canadian would replace the Royal Canadian Air to a number of news reports. government officials say. A ­winning bidder Force’s existing CF-18 fleet.

16 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

– B u l l e t i n B o a r d f o r D e f e n c e , I nd u s t ry a nd T r a d e –

Protective vests inserts for ­German Police Rheinmetall has won an order sisting of over 5,000 ballistic to supply the German Federal inserts will be shipped in spring Police with ballistic inserts for 2019. The contract encompasses protective vests. an option for the supply of an The framework agreement additional 36,000 inserts. lasts 36 months and is worth a The inserts are among the total of around 10 million Euro. lightest of their kind, and with- Representing roughly 1 million stand shots fired from an AK-47 Euro in sales, a first batch con- assault rifle.

Finnish Army tests GMLRS AW Polish Mig-29. MiG-29’s (30 in service) and Su-22’s (18 in service) are to be ammunition for long-range effects replaced by the new aircraft. To replace them one-for-one, it would be required to procure around 48 jets. Photo: J.Herzog/ Polish MoD The Finnish Army has conducted The munition procurement testing of the guided multiple was for both GMLRS AW to en- launch rocket system alterna- gage area targets and for GMLRS Poland; New Fighter Aircraft tive warhead’s (GMLRS AW) UNITARY for precision fire. ­Programme Accelerates new ammunition in Rovajärvi The GMLRS ammunition training exercise area, Lapland, and heavy rocket launcher As the Polish Air Force’s re­ - Saab AB; Finland. ­system are manufactured by maining Russian-supplied - Lockheed Martin; The test firing was conducted Lockheed Martin. ­MiG-29 and Su-22 fighters - Boeing Company; to validate the new ammuni- Each rocket is packaged in a become more dangerous and - Leonardo S.p.A.; tion’s long-range capability and multiple launch pod and is fired more costly to operate, Poland’s - Fights-On Logistics. precision. from the launcher, with a range defense minister has decided to During testing, the heavy of approximately 80km. accelerate plans to replace them Four of the listed com­ rocket launcher’s ammuni- Last month, the Finnish with 48 to 64 new fighters. panies - Saab, Lockheed Martin,­ tion demonstrated the desired Defence Forces’ Logistics Com- The head of the Polish ­Leonardo and Boeing - are ­capability requirements, in- mand received a mandate to MoD, Mariusz Błaszczak, issued inter­national companies manu­ creasing the Finnish Defence conclude a contract with the a recommendation­ addressed facturing multi-role fighter air- Forces’ sustained­ readiness for US Government to procure to the Chief of General Staff to craft. Fights-On Logistics, on long-range fires. ­upgrade kits of the Universal accelerate the new generation the other hand, was working­ In 2016, Finland Defence Fire Control System (UFCS). fighter aircraft programme. This in the area of introducing the Minister Jussi Niinistö approved The upgrade kits will allow­ is to lead towards speeded-up F-16 jets in Poland, when they a proposal to procure munition using new munitions with the introduction of a successor of have been acquired. Now it for a heavy rocket launcher heavy rocket launcher. The the MiG-29 and Su-22 fast jets ­offers services that are related ­system under a foreign military Finnish heavy rocket launcher in the Polish Air Force. to introduction and support of sale from the US. system was procured in 2006. The Polish Ministry of ­operations of the fighter aircraft. ­Defence probably referred to Details of the offer have not the Harpia [Harpy Eagle] new been disclosed now. We know fighter aircraft programme. The that Saab may offer Gripens analytical work concerning the (in the NG variant), Lockheed multi-role new generation air- ­Martin may propose the F-16 craft began towards the end of and/or F-35 platforms, while last year. Two tasks have been Boeing may offer its F-15 or defined, within the framework F/A-18 designs, and Leonardo of the Harpia programme. is primarily offering the Euro­ The market analysis con- fighter Typhoon. M-346FA cerning a multi-role combat ­Masters have also been pro­ The test firing of the heavy rocket launcher’s new ammunition. aircraft is going to involve the moted as a potential Su-22 Photo: Finnish Defence Forces following entities: replacement.­

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 17 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Moore AMRAAMs to Japan

The Government of Japan has ­defence of its homeland, as well requested the sale of 32 units as US personnel stationed in the of the AIM-120C-7 advanced region. medium-range air-to-air missile Raytheon Missile Systems (AMRAAM) weapon systems will serve as the principal from the US. ­contractor for the sale. With an estimated cost of Manufactured by Raytheon, $63m, the possible sale has AMRAAM is an air-to-air missile A US Army Apache helicopter. Photo: US Army been approved by the US State that has been designed to meet Department. troop requirements and can be The new AIM-120C-7 used to operate in a wide range AH-64E Apache attack ­missile systems will help ­Japan of scenarios, including air-to- ­helicopters for Egypt develop and sustain a strong air and surface-launch engage- and effective self-defence ments. The US Defense Security Cooper- M36E9 captive air training mis- capability.­ In October last year, the ation Agency (DSCA) has notified sile AGM-114R and 12 AAR-57 The AMRAAM weapons ­Japanese Government re­ Congress of a possible foreign (V) common missile warning will be deployed into service quested a potential sale from the military sale of AH-64E Apache systems. with the Japan Air Self-Defense US to purchase 56 AIM 120C-7 attack helicopters to Egypt for an Delivery of the AH-64E Force. The enhanced capability­ AMRAAMs for an estimated cost estimated cost of $1bn. Apache aircraft and other equip- will assist the nation in the of $113m. Under the potential deal, ment will enable the country the Government of Egypt has to expand its existing fleet of requested the acquisition of ten multi-mission heavy attack heli- AH-64E helicopters, in addition copters to address US-Egyptian to 24 units of the 1700-GE- interest in countering terror- 701D engines with containers, ist activities emerging from the 12 modernised target acquisi- Sinai Peninsula region, as well tion designation sights / pilot as to further improve interoper- night-vision sensors, and 24 ability between Egypt, the US Honeywell embedded global and other allies. positioning systems (GPS) with Boeing, Lockheed Martin, inertial navigation system. General Electric Company, Lock- In addition, the sale in- heed Martin Mission Systems and cludes the possible delivery Sensors, and Raytheon will serve An AIM-120 AMRAAM being loaded onto an F-16fighter. Photo: USAF/V.Parker of 24 M299 Hellfire launch- as the primary contractors for the ers, 135 Hellfire missiles, five proposed sale.

ONYX exoskeleton for US Army? in the US conducted an inde­ The exoskeleton has been pendently funded study on designed to support and boost The US Army Natick Soldier (AI) computer to boost human Lockheed Martin’s exoskeleton. leg capacity for physically Research, Development and strength and endurance. The study found partici- ­demanding tasks that require ­Engineering Center (NSRDEC) Lockheed Martin Missiles­ pants who wore the exoskeleton walking up steep inclines has awarded the ONYX exo­ and Fire Control exoskeleton­ and carried an 18 kg backpack and stairs, as well as lifting or skeleton development agreement. technologies programme showed a statistically significant ­dragging heavy loads. Awarded to Lockheed Martin, ­manager Keith Maxwell said: reduction in exertion. the two-year, sole-source $6.9m “Innovative human / machine agreement will see the company technologies like ONYX can im- optimise components of the prove human performance, de- ONYX exoskeleton for future crease injury and reduce fatigue soldier demonstrations. to help soldiers accomplish The enhancements will be physically demanding tasks. ­assessed by the University of The ONYX exoskeleton Florida prior to NSRDEC ­soldier uses B-Temia’s Dermoskeleton demonstrations, which are techno­logy to counteract over- ­scheduled to take place next year. stress on the lower back and ONYX is a powered, legs, as well as reduce fatigue lower­-body exoskeleton that and increase endurance. uses electro­-mechanical knee In November 2017, the ONYX boosts leg capacity for physically demanding tasks such as lifting or ­actuators, a suite of sensors, University of Michigan Human ­dragging heavy loads, walking with load, or walking up or down hills. and an artificial intelligence Neuromechanics Laboratory Photo: Lockheed Martin

18 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Unmanned helicopter for European F-16 fighter jets for Slovakia Maritime Safety Agency The Slovak Ministry of Defence proved radar systems, advanced Schiebel has been awarded the maritime domain, as well as its (MoD) has signed three separate­ weapons capabilities and en- coveted maritime surveillance proven maritime surveillance preliminary Letters of Offer hanced battlespace awareness. service provision contract by expertise. Payload capabilities and Acceptance (LOAs) for the All fighter jets are due to be the European Maritime Safety and VTOL abilities from shore ­purchase of 14 F-16 fighter jets delivered by the end of 2023. Agency (EMSA). and from vessels were further from the US. The estimated value of the Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER qualifying factors. The aircraft will be ­purchase is 1.58 billion euros. S-100 UAS was selected based In fulfillment of this­deployed to protect the Slovak Slovakia intends for these on its service record in the ­contract, Schiebel will be able to airspace and provide close air aircraft to replace its current provide simultaneous maritime support to its land forces. fleet of MiG-29s. Slovakia’s surveillance services at several In July, the Slovak Republic ­current fighters are not inter­ sites. The S-100 Unmanned Security Council and Cabinet operable with U.S forces or Aerial Vehicles (UAV) will be approved the purchase of F-16 ­regional allies. Purchase of the equipped with an L3 Wescam Fighting Falcon Block 70 / 72 F-16V will provide Slovakia­ MX-10 Electro-Optical/Infra- fighter jets. with fourth generation ­fighter Red (EO/IR) camera gimbal and The F-16 Block 70 is aircraft capability­ that is an Overwatch Imaging PT-8 the newest generation of the ­interoperable with the United Oceanwatch payload, as well ­Fighting Falcon featuring im- States and NATO. Schiebel’s CAMCOPTER S-100 UAS. as an Automatic Identification Photo: Schiebel/ German Navy ­System (AIS) receiver.

Scorpion robot design for US Army? The US Army’s Common Ro- Under the final contract, botic System-Individual (CRS- scheduled to be awarded early I) programme finalist Endeavor next year, the selected firm will Robotics has unveiled the de- be required to produce up to sign details of its new multi- 3,000 robots. mission, ‘back-packable’ un- In the same way every army manned ground vehicle (UGV). unit has long had a soldier des- Known as Scorpion, the ignated to carry a radio on his F-16 fighter Ill. Lockheed Martin Endeavor robot weighs ap- or her back, fighting units will proximate 11 kg and features soon include a robot operator advanced mobility and manipu- with a Scorpion-like UGV car- Tactical Communication System lation capabilities. ried in their rucksack. Endeavor is one of the two The rugged robot can be for Austria finalists chosen to share the reconfigured to suit different Bittium Corporation’s ­Tactical including the Software Defined $429m engineering, manufac- mission requirements, with the Backbone Network Selected­ Radio based Bittium Tactical turing and development con- ability to navigate rough terrain, as Part of the New ­Austrian Wireless IP Network™ (TAC tracts under the US Army’s CRS- climb stairs, and operate in wet ­Defense Forces’ Tactical WIN) system, which will be the I programme. or submerged environments. Communication­ System core of the new communication Finish company Bittium­ system, as well as Bittium Tough ­announces that its partner,­ Comnode™ and Bittium Tough ­Austrian information techno­ VoIP™ products. logy company Kapsch Bittium’s share of the total ­BusinessCom AG was informed value is around EUR 30 million by the Austrian defense admin- (excl. VAT). The product deliv- istration (Bundesministerium eries are expected to take place für Landesverteidigung BMVL) during the years 2019-2021 that it should be selected as the and the majority of the net sales provider of the new IP-based are estimated to realize during tactical communication system the years 2020 and 2021. for the Austrian defense forces. Bittium specializes in The signing of the contract is the development of reli- scheduled to December 2018. able, secure­ communications Bittium’s products for and ­connectivity solutions Scorpion’s arm is designed for improved reach and can extend 0.6m, lift up ­tactical communications are ­leveraging its 30 year legacy to 6,5 kg, and rotate 360° while its cameras provide the operator with high-­ definition day and night situational awareness. The operator can repair the a significant part of Kapsch of expertise­ in advanced radio ­robot in the field using 3D-printed parts. Photo: Endeavor Robotics ­BusinessCom’s winning bid, communication technologies.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 19 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE No investigation Canada to retire CH-124 of Indian Rafale jet deal Sea King helicopter fleet In December, India’s Supreme total value in joint ventures or The Royal Canadian Air Force of the RCAF’s $5.7bn Maritime Court dismissed calls for an purchases with Indian firms. (RCAF) is set to officially retire Helicopter Project (MHP). ­investigation into a French But the new agreement, the CH-124 Sea King helicopter Originally procured by ­military jet deal that was ­formally signed in 2016, fleet after serving for 55 years. the Royal Canadian Navy for ­threatening to damage Prime raised eyebrows because New CH-148 Cyclone ­anti-submarine warfare in Minister Narendra Modi ahead ­Dassault chose as its local ­maritime helicopters will 1963, the Sikorsky-built twin- of elections next year. partner Reliance,­ a massive ­replace the Sea King ship-borne engine amphibious helicopter India’s Supreme Court ­conglomerate owned by billion- maritime helicopter by the end has been deployed to ­participate ­refused to intervene, saying it aire Anil Ambani. of this year. in a wide range of mission roles had “no doubt in the process”. Ambani is believed to be Sikorsky is under a contract both at home and around the Dassault initially won the close to Modi and Reliance had to deliver 28 CH-148s as part world. contract to supply 126 jets to no previous experience in the ­India in 2012, with 18 to be aviation sector. built in France and the rest The Modi-led right-wing in India in collaboration with ruling Bharatiya Janata Party Last of Eight the state-owned Hindustan (BJP) and French company Black Hawks for Tunisia ­Aeronautics Limited (HAL). ­officials have throughout ­denied However, during a visit to any wrongdoing. The U.S. Army Security ­operations capabilities. The France in 2015 Modi scrapped The first Rafale will be ­Assistance Command (USA- case value is more than $338 the deal, signed by the previous ­delivered in 2019 and the 36 jets SAC) completed a foreign million. Army Contracting government led by the Congress will form two new ­squadrons of ­military sales (FMS) case to Command at Redstone Arsenal, party, and ordered instead 36 the Indian Air Force. ­deliver eight UH-60M Black Alabama, awarded the contract. jets , all to be built in France, It currently has around 32 Hawk helicopters to partner Delivery started in June for an estimated $9.4 billion. squadrons of 18 aircraft each, country Tunisia this summer. 2017 with the delivery of four Under Indian defence but has said it needs at least The Black Hawks will of the helicopters. Delivery of ­procurement rules, foreign 42 to protect its northern and ­provide Tunisia with cargo/­four additional helicopters this companies winning contracts western borders with Pakistan personnel transport, medical­ past June completed the FMS must “offset” or reinvest half the and China. evacuation and combat case.

­navigation rated twice as effec- to maintain current levels­ of HUGIN SUPERIOR AUV tive as ­other AUV platforms, ­endurance while adding more Kongsberg Maritime has resolution over the entire swath including ­current HUGIN sensors. ­unveiled their new HUGIN (typically 5x5 cm in mission models. Operating­ HUGIN The new HUGIN SUPERIOR­ SUPERIOR AUV (Autono- ­imagery). The system also ­SUPERIOR now costs less with AUV System is designed to mous Underwater Vehicle) ­features the de facto industry fewer­ external­ updates needed,­ ­deliver superior data, positioning­ System ­introduces significantly standard EM2040 mk II multi- and with new potential for and mission endurance, ­enhanced data, positioning beam. concurrent­ revenue generation,­ ­enabling users­ to do more with and endurance capabilities that Configurable for diversefurther economic efficiencies a single asset­ than ever before.­ ­together will stimulate a positive­ ­applications, a class-leading can be achieved. Ultimately, it can ­generate much step-change in subsea survey data suite with upgraded SAS The new HUGIN ­SUPERIOR more data for less operational operations for commercial, processing, sidescan sonar also comes with a 30% increase expenditure, all while offering government,­ and naval users. ­imagery, bathymetry, sub- in energy capacity on board, the best survey­ class data ­quality, Leveraging and im­proving bottom ­profiler, camera, laser, without changing form factor achieved through advanced­ on the power of the standard­ magnetometer, turbidity and or size. While raising mission ­techniques such as in-situ HUGIN technology platform,­ diverse environmental sensors­ ­endurance, the extra power navigation ­processing and data Kongsberg Maritime has for i.e., methane and CO2 available can also be used cleaning. ­created a new AUV generation ­measurement, ensure that the that places­ data quality and new HUGIN is as ready for its reliable­ and cost-effective field development surveys and ­collection front and centre. ­pipeline inspection as it is for The HUGIN SUPERIOR is environmental monitoring or equipped with the new HISAS wreck searches. 1032 Dual Receiver Synthetic Contributing to im- Aperture Sonar (SAS) which proved data confidence for generates approx. 1000 meters­ users at sea and ashore, the swath at 2.5 knots for SAS HUGIN SUPERIOR­ utilises ­imagery, real aperture and SAS latest positioning­ technol- bathymetry, with ­consistent ogy, with in mission standard HUGIN SUPERIOR AUV Photo: Kongsberg Maritime

20 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Aerial Refueling from Lockheed China Flight Tests New Martin and Airbus? ­Submarine-Launched Missile Lockheed Martin and Airbus the growing demand for ­aerial China carried out a flight test ­Julong-3, or JL-3 missile that have agreed to market the Air- refueling for U.S. defense of a new submarine-launched will be deployed with the next bus A330 MRTT tanker, which customers.­ ­ballistic missile that will carry generation of ballistic missile had won the original USAF The companies will seek to multiple nuclear warheads submarines. tanker competition, to US mili- provide aerial-refueling services­ ­capable of targeting most of The test was closely tary customers, giving Boeing’s to address any identified ­capacity the United States, according to ­monitored by U.S. intelligence troubled KC-46A Pegasus a shortfall and to meet require- American defense officials. agencies that detected the ­serious run for its money. ments for the next ­generation of The launch in late ­November launch with missile warning The two companies have tankers capable of operating in was the first time theChinese ­ satellites. signed an agreement to jointly the challenging environments of military flight tested the explore opportunities to meet future battlespace. Australian Navy’s first Future Sub- marine to be named HMAS Attack Australian Defence Minister­ be built domestically by local Christopher Pyne has announced ­shipbuilders for the RAN. that the first of the Royal Australian The first submarine Navy’s (RAN) Future Sub­marine under the programme is will be named HMAS Attack. ­expected to enter service in the The RAN’s $50bn Future early 2030s. Sub­marine programme, also On 30 September 2016, An Airbus A330 MRTT tanker refueling two F-18 Hornet fighters at Military known as SEA1000, is intended the design and mobilisation Aviation 2014 Air Show in Australia. Photo: RAAF/ C.Phutulley to provide the country with a ­contract was signed between regionally superior submarine the Australian Government capability. and Naval Group to begin the Danish support contract to Safran Under the programme, 12 ­Future Submarine programme’s Denmark’s Defence Acquisition­ AS550C2 Fennec fleet retires in Attack-class submarines will design phase. and Logistics Organization the mid-2030s. (DALO) has awarded a contract The seven-year GSP con- to Safran Helicopter Engines to tract was signed in 2016 to fulfil Bridge simulator support the Royal Danish­ Air the RDAF’s engine availability­ Force’s (RDAF) fleet of AS550C2 ­requirement during military contract to Kongsberg Digital Fennec helicopters. ­operations,­ both at home or while Kongsberg Digital has been both coasts of the Australian Under the contract, the on international deployment. ­selected to deliver and support­ continent.­ company will provide support­ It included support for 14 a suite of sophisticated ­K-Sim The contract also includes­ services to Arriel 1D1 engines­ RTM 322 turboshaft engines Navigation ready ship’s bridge a Long Term System ­Support that power 11 Aerospatiale Euro­ that power the RDAF’s Agusta­ simulators for the Royal ­Program (LTSSP), designed copter-manufactured AS550C2 Westland-built EH101 Merlin ­Austalian Navy. The contract to ensure high operational­ Fennec single-engine heli­ aircraft. will enable the Royal Australian­ ­availability and easy access to copters. Since July 2016, Safran to significantly increase itsnew KONGSBERG ­simulator Arriel 1D1 engine support­ GSP has supported a total of training capacity and reduce developments. The Royal will be covered under the 75 engines.­ The GSP is part costs associated with qualifying ­Australian Navy has already global support package (GSP) of Safran’s range of EngineLife bridge watch keepers and other benefited from an existing ­contract, and the company ­Services solutions for helicopter staff before going to sea. LTSSP, which enabled fast track will deliver services until the engine operators. The simulators will be upgrading of its capabilities Safran Helicopter Engines ­delivered for installation in a at HMAS Watson with new Germany manages the GSP, new training facility at HMAS KONGSBERG ship’s bridge which commits to offer service­ Stirling in Perth starting May ­simulators in 2016/17. able engine availability and 2019, with existing bridge guarantees a fixed price per simulators at HMAS Watson in engine flying hour, as well as Sydney being upgraded from a technical partnership with December 2018. The new the original equipment manu­ simulation centre in Perth and facturer. extensive upgrades in Sydney Currently, Safran Helicop- will ease pressure on the Navy’s Soldiers emerging from Danish ter Engines Germany supports existing facilities and provide K-Sim Navigation ready ship’s bridge Fennec­ helicopters. more than 280 operators across sophisticated bridge simula- simulators. Photo: P.Y. Ramsey/ Photo: Danish Armed forces Europe and Central Asia. tion training capabilities on Australian Navy

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 21 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Modification of Follow-on order for NH90 Four S-80 Submarines ­maintenance in Norway The Council of Ministers This situation forced us to Patria Helicopters AS has Patria and the NDLO signed on Nov. 30 authorized the focus all our efforts on finding­ ­received an order for NH90 an agreement in 2017 on the ­modification of theexecution ­ the technical solution that helicopters heavy maintenance­ support of the Norwegian order awarded by the Ministry­ would solve this problem and taking place in Bardufoss, ­Defence Forces NH90 heli­copters’ of Defense to Navantia for allow us to return the project ­Norway as the Norwegian maintenance­ in ­Bardufoss. The the construction of four S-80 to viability. This solution has ­Defence Logistics Organisation agreement was for two years and submarines, for an ­estimated already been reached, so it is (NDLO) has released the first included an option for extensions. value of 1,7 bn euros, as necessary to implement it, and option of one year from April ­Estimated value of the ­agreement, the basic conditions were the modification of the Order of 2019 onwards. ­including options, was approxi- ­altered essential­ aspects of the Execution of March 25, 2004 is mately 100 million NOK. ­contract, both in terms of the required for this purpose. technical characteristics and in The modification which terms of compliance and price. has now been authorized has as It subsequently suffered precedent the agreement of the Five export customers for various modifications andCouncil of Ministers of July 27, Turkish company Nurol Makina ­vicissitudes in the execution, 2018, that modifies the limits of in such a way that the Navantia­ the acquisition expenditure com- Nurol Makina, one of the Turkish company in November 2012 mitments charged to future years defense industry’s ­manufacturers communicated to the Navy the and authorizes the increase of the of armored land vehicles, non-viability of the design due Special Program of Moderniza- ­continues the success achieved to a critical deviation in the tion of the Armed Forces corre- with its unique Ejder Yalçın weight control of the ship. sponding to the S-80 submarines. 4x4 Armored Combat Vehicle ­design to new destinations. The last customer for Ejder Yalçın was an African country.­ MBDA’s Sea Venom-ANL missile Previously, Qatar, Senegal, Nurol Makina has delivered a total marks further trials milestone ­Uzbekistan and Tunisia had of 500 Ejder Yalçın 4x4 up to today. chosen the Ejder Yalçın. Photo: Nurol Makina Conducted on 14 November the operator to designate the from a Direction Générale de target prior to launch. l’Armement (DGA) Dauphin Sea Venom-ANL is capable test helicopter at the DGA of being launched from a wide Russian Arctic military presence ­Missile testing range of Ile du range of platforms, and will be Russia will build up its military­ meeting also attended by Levant range, the trial was the used on the UK Royal Navy’s presence in the Arctic over ­President Vladimir Putin. final development firing for AW159 Wildcat and French the next year, said Russian Russia has opened a string of the missile prior to the start of Navy future HIL (Hélicoptère ­Defence minister Sergei Shoigu military and scientific bases in quali­fication trials in 2019. Interarmées Léger) helicopters. and added­ that Moscow seeks the Arctic in recent years, with This latest trial highlighted This 120 kg sea-skimming mis- to ­assert its influence in the interest in the region growing­ Sea Venom-ANL’s lock on ­before sile is designed to enable navies strategic­ region. as rising temperatures open launch (LOBL) capabilities, to deal with a range of threats in- The announcement comes up shipping routes and make with images from the missile’s cluding fast moving patrol boats, after years of increased ­activity hitherto inaccessible ­mineral infrared seeker being used by corvettes and coastal targets. in the Arctic, which Moscow ­resources easier to exploit. has declared a top priority due Putin has made several trips to its mineral riches and ­military to the Arctic and last year said importance. further exploration and extrac- -We’ll finishbuilding ­ tion of raw materials from the infrastructure in 2019 to area was “extremely important”. ­accommodate air defence ­radar NATO this year held its units and aviation guidance­ ­biggest military exercises since points on the Sredny and the end of the Cold War near Wrangel Islands,­ and on Cape Russia’s Arctic border with Nor- Schmidt” in the Russian Arctic, way. Finland accused Moscow Shoigu continued.­ of jamming GPS signals in the He said accommodation for region during the manoeuvres. military personnel and ­further At a Victory Day ­military aviation infrastructure had parade this year, Moscow MBDA’s Sea Venom-ANL anti-ship missile has conducted a firing trial been completed elsewhere in ­displayed a new snowmobile Photo: DGA the ­Arctic, at a defence ­ministry used by Arctic units.

22 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE

500th VT4 vehicle from Arquus Arquus has delivered the 500th operators equipped with the VT4 vehicle to the French Army. FELIN fighting system. The light and non-armoured­ The French Army is VT4 is a 4×4 vehicle designed ­expected to be equipped with a for command and liaison­ total of 4,380 VT4 vehicles by ­purposes. It can be used to 2025, which will replace the P4 transport five soldiers or four liaison vehicle.

An illustration depicts Falcon hypersonic test vehicle emerging from its rocket nose cone. Ill. DARPA

US to accelerate development ­effort for hypersonic weapons The US Department of Defense In the last year, China has (DoD) is considering accelerating tested more hypersonics weapons the effort to develop hypersonic than the US have in a decade. weapons in a bid to combat The DoD has already Photo: Arquus ­potential advanced threats. ­received approval to proceed Hypersonic weapons are with hypersonics development­ missiles that have the capability­ and is seeking competing to cruise at speeds more than ­responses from the industry. “Aircraft carrier” for Japan five times faster than of sound. Currently, the US has the The new National Defense with the updated vessel being The US Army noted that capability­ to develop air-breathing ­Program Guidelines were described as “a destroyer with countries such as China and boost-glide hypersonics systems. ­approved Dec. 18 along with multifunctional capabilities.” Russia are actively involved in Using boost-glide techno­ the Mid-Term Defense Program, The retrofitted ship will the development of hypersonics logy, the US Army has also laying out Japan’s defense policy be capable of deploying short and reports suggest that these tested an advanced hypersonic and weapons purchases over take-off and vertical landing­ nations have made significant weapon demonstrator in 2011 the next five years. (STOVL) aircraft. Defense progress. and 2014. The program estimated ­Ministry officials are planning weapons purchases over the to use F-35B stealth fighter jets next five years at a record 27.4 on the vessel. Patriot Missiles for Turkey trillion yen ($242 billion). The Cabinet also approved The main focus was the a plan for the Air Self-Defense The State Department has made ­supply Patriot missiles, but ­inclusion of wording that would Force (ASDF) to eventually a determination approving a Washington declined. allow for the retrofitting of an have a total of 147 F-35s. possible Foreign Military Sale to Turkey then announced Izumo-class destroyer (heli­ The ASDF is in the process­ Turkey of 80 Patriot MIM-104E it would instead buy Chinese copter carrier) to give it aircraft of acquiring 42, with an Guidance Enhanced Missiles HQ-9 missiles, but subsequently­ carrier capabilities. ­additional 105 to be purchased (GEM-T) missiles, 60 PAC-3 switched to Russia’s S-400. Underscoring the sensitivity­ from the United States. Of the Missile Segment Enhancement Contracts for the S-400 have of the issue in light of Japan’s new aircraft, 42 will be the (MSE) missiles and related been announced several times, long-held stance of assuming ­F-35B STOVL aircraft, while equipment for an estimated cost and their delivery is scheduled an exclusively defensive posture the other 63 will be F-35As. of $3.5 billion. for 2019. for the Self-Defense Forces, the The total­ cost of the additional Turkey will use Patriot to im- By now offering to sell terminology for the upgraded ­aircraft is expected to be about prove its missile defense capabil- ­Patriot, the US hopes to avoid destroyer was kept the same 1.2 trillion yen ($10.6 billion). ity, defend its territorial integrity, introducing a Russian-made as in the previous document, and deter regional threats. system into NATO’s air-defense The prime contractors will network, as well as major be Raytheon Corporation in An- ­disruption to the F-35 program dover, Massachusetts, and Lock- by expelling Turkey – which heed-Martin in Dallas, Texas. The it threatened if the S-400 sale purchaser requested offsets. At went through. this time offset agreements are The result, today, is that undetermined and will be de- the United States has given fined in negotiations between the in to Turkey’s original request purchaser and contractors. for ­Patriot, without knowing The Izumo-class helicopter destroyer is a helicopter carrier that in the future will be “a destroyer with multifunctional capabilities”. A few years ago, Turkey whether the S-400 purchase Photo: K. Jieitai / Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force asked the United States to will go through nonetheless.

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 23 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE France Orders Three More ­ Airbus A330 MRTT Tankers Airbus Defence and Space has be delivered by the end of 2023 received a firm order from the under an accelerated timescale French Defence Procurement requested by France. Agency (DGA) for a further In French service the A330 three A330 MRTT Multi-Role MRTT will be powered by Rolls- Tanker Transport aircraft. Royce Trent 700 engines and The aircraft, known as Phé- equipped with a ­combination Photo: Embraer nix in French service, constitute of the Airbus Refuelling Boom the third and final tranche of the ­System and underwing hose- Kazakhstan’s Air Astana multi-year contract for 12 A330 and-drogue refuelling pods. MRTTs signed by the French The A330 MRTT has been receives “snow leopard” jet Ministry of Defence in 2014. ­ordered by 12 nations which Air Astana presented its Air Astana the paint scheme The first of the fleet was have now placed firm orders first Embraer E190-E2 jet.is designed to draw global ­formally handed over in for 60 aircraft, of which 34 have The airline­ will receive four ­attention to the threat of ­October and the remainder will been delivered. ­additional E190-E2s next year. ­extinction faced by the wild Air Astana’s first E190- cat. The snow leopard is an E2 features a “snow leopard” official symbol of Kazakhstan ­livery, designed and hand and is native to the country’s painted by Embraer. For southern mountain ranges.

Putin lays out plans to develop missiles if US leaves treaty A330 MRTT Photo: DGA Russian President Vladimir if ­Washington ditches the INF ­Putin has laid out plans for treaty. ­Moscow to develop mid-range Putin once again touted the missiles banned under a Cold Kinzhal missile, which he first Lithuania receives first War treaty with the United unveiled as part of an array of upgraded PzH2000 howitzers States if Washington abandons next-generation nuclear weapons the deal. in his annual state-of-the-nation The Lithuanian Armed Forces Featuring upgraded control Tensions have raged over address earlier this year. has received the first two up- battlefield control, and fire con- the fate of the Intermediate- Putin also suggested he graded heavy self-propelled trol software, the new PzH2000 Range Nuclear Forces treaty was open to the idea of other ­artillery systems, Panzerhaubitze howitzers will enhance the (INF), with US President ­countries joining the INF treaty 2000 (PzH2000) howitzers. ­firing range of the battalion by ­Donald Trump promising to or to starting talks on a new Delivered to the Lithuanian up to 40km. walk away from the agreement agreement. Artillery Battalion, the heavy The battalion has been ­using and Putin threatening a new Signed in 1987 by then artillery systems were procured the 105mm howitzers with a arms race. US president Ronald Reagan­ from the German Armed Forces. firing range of roughly 11km. Washington this month said and Soviet leader Mikhail In September 2015, The remaining PzH2000 it would withdraw from the INF ­Gorbachev, the treaty bans ­Lithuania signed a contract with howitzers will be delivered to within 60 days if Russia did not ground-launched missiles with the German Armed Forces to the Lithuanian Armed Forces dismantle missiles that the US a range of between 500 and acquire18 upgraded howitzers by the end of next year. claims breach the deal. 5,500 kilometres. in combat setup mode. The bilateral agreement The deal resolved a ­crisis forbids­ ground-launched short­ -­ over Soviet nuclear-tipped and intermediate-range missiles,­ ­ballistic missiles targeting but not those launched from the ­Western capitals, but put no air or sea. restrictions on other major Speaking at a defence ­military actors like China. ­ministry meeting, Putin said Military expert Vasily Kashin­ Russia’s seaborne Kalibr and said it would be fairly easy to ­air-launched Kh-101 cruise convert Kalibr and ­Kh-101 ­missiles – as well as cutting- cruise missiles for ground edge hypersonic Kinzhal launch, though the Kinzhal (­Dagger) missiles – would be hypersonic missile would need converted for ground launch more work. Bilde 3 Lithuanian PzH2000 howitzer Photo: Lithuanian Army

24 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 BULLETIN BOARD FOR DEFENCE, INDUSTRY AND TRADE Laser range finder Brazilian Navy Launches Vidar for ­Arafura-class OPVs National Anti-Ship Missile Saab has revealed its latest laser highly accurate tracking data The Brazilian Navy corvette improvement in some others. rangefinder for installation on even at long ranges. Barroso has carried out the first Data of its in-flight behavior the Royal Australian Navy’s new Saab has been manufactur- development test firing of the were recorded by telemetry, Arafura-class offshore patrol ing military lasers since the The Brazilian Navy has also developed in Brazil and, vessels (OPV). early 1960s and has delivered launched the first prototype of after it is analyzed, will guide Named Vidar, the laser approximately 5,000 units to the National Anti-Ship Missile­ the next development steps and rangefinder is currently under- more than 30 countries to date. (Míssil Antinavio Nacional launches.­ going production and combines de Superfície, or MANSUP), compact size with powerful per- 300 km off the coast of Rio de formance, the company stated. ­Janeiro. MANSUP anti-ship Laser rangefinders use a missile is developed by Brazil´s ­laser beam to determine the national industry. It is broadly ­distance to the target. similar to the Exocet Block 2s The MANSUP is 5.6 meters long, The company noted that presently in service. weighs about a tonnes and acceler- ­Vidar can be used in anti-air- The test confirmed the ates to a speed of 1,000 km/h in less than seven seconds. craft and anti-ship operations ­correct functioning of several Photo: Brazilian Navy and is capable of generating Vidar laser range finder. Photo: Saab subsystems, and the need for

Nansen-class frigates to First Scorpene-class receive upgraded sonar domes attack ­submarine for Brazil The Norwegian Defence to BAE Systems subsidiary The Brazilian Navy has The new Scorpene sub­ ­Material Agency (NDMA) has ASC Shipbuilding­ for the Royal launched its first Scorpene-class marine has been named after the awarded a contract to Unitech ­Australian Navy’s Hunter-class attack submarine at the Itaguai Battle of the Riachuelo, where Aerospace’s Tods Defence to frigates. Navy base in the state of Rio de the Brazilian Navy defeated the provide upgraded sonar domes The contract includes the Janeiro. Paraguayan Navy in 1865. for the national navy’s Nansen- design and construction of nine Named Riachuelo, the Naval Group noted that class frigates. vessels and is part of Australia’s­ Brazilian-­built submarine was the submarine will be slightly The company will deliver A$35bn ($25.29bn) SEA 5000 developed by French firm Naval ­longer than other Scorpene the solutions to NDMA for Hunter-class frigate programme. Group and is a modified version variants, which are operational ­installation on the navy’s four To be developed based on of the Scorpene-class diesel- or being built for the navies of anti-submarine warfare frigates BAE Systems’ Type 26 frigate, powered submarine. Chile, Malaysia and India. currently in-service. the RAN’s Hunter-class frigates Scorpene can be deployed The Riachuelo will have an The frigates feature an will replace the Anzac-class in a range of missions, including­ overall length of 72m and can ­integrated weapons system warships. shallow water operations, anti- carry 35 crew members. from Lockheed Martin based on Australia Defence ­Minister surface and anti-submarine When the fifth submarine is the Aegis combat system. Thales Christopher Pyne said: “The warfare, special operations, received in 2029, Brazil will join Underwater Systems is the A$35bn programme will ­offensive minelaying, and the list of nations with nuclear- prime contractor for the sonar ­provide the navy with a world- intelligence­ gathering. powered submarines, which suite installed on the frigates. class anti-submarine warfare The Brazilian Navy ­awarded ­includes the US, Russia, France, Australia signs deal for ­capability, create thousands of a contract to Naval Group in the UK, China, and India. Hunter-class frigates jobs and contribute billions­ 2009 to design and ­transfer the The Brazilian Navy will The Australian Govern- of dollars to the national technology for four conventional­ ­deploy the new submarines to ment has awarded a contract economy.”­ Scorpene ­submarines as part of patrol the country’s offshore a R$35bn ($8.9bn) ­programme. deepwaters that host vast oil The company is also and gas reserves. ­responsible to provide design and manufacturing assistance for the non-nuclear part of ­Brazil’s first nuclear-powered submarine. According to Naval Group, Riachuelo will begin sea trials next year and is expected to be delivered in 2020. The company will deliver the remaining three submarines Launching of the new Scorpene-class ASC Shipbuilding Hunter-class frigates. Construction of the first ship is as part of the contract every 12 submarine. ­expected to begin in 2022. Ill: BAE Systems to 18 months. Photo:Leo Lemos/Naval Group

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 25 RAMJET RAMJET: MISSILE AND PROJECTILE RANGE CAPABILITY­ WILL BE GREATLY INCREASED­

The ramjet offers significant advantages, in terms of speed as With a ramjet engine, however, well as range. NAMMO Raufoss recently unveiled a prototype neither a turbine nor a compressor is used to achieve enough pressure through artillery grenade with ramjet propulsion. Missiles are another the air inlet. Instead, the ramjet uses the arena where the ramjet principle offers multiple benefits. travel speed to force air at high pressure through the inlet and into the combustion ­chamber. This means that a ramjet must conventional rocket This means a saving of about 80 reach a speed of Mach 2+ before it will start ­motor carries both fuel percent of the fuel volume relative to a producing thrust, but on the other hand, – Aand oxidizer (oxidi­ conventional rocket motor, or conversely, the ramjet gets by without the turbine and sation agent) for the combustion, and with that the actual fuel capacity can be approx- compressor of the aircraft jet engine. a conventional­ rocket motor, the oxidizer imately five times greater within the same mass fraction is approximately 80 percent volume. Self-adjusting at high altitudes of the total propellant mass, says Erland An aircraft jet engine has a centri­ The ramjet is designed to operate at a Ørbekk, head of ramjet development at fugal air compressor in front of the ­engine. defined Mach number and will produce NAMMO. The compressor takes in the air and thrust as long as there is a supply of oxygen­ A ramjet is a form of air-breathing ­compresses it before it is further heated within certain limits. The missile drag jet engine that uses the engine’s forward in the combustion chamber, whereby and the ramjet thrust are lower at higher motion to compress incoming air. The the air volume is expanded. The air or ­altitudes since the air density is lower. combustion in a ramjet resembles that of a “the ­combustion gas” is then expanding Hence, the ramjet will be able to sustain jet aircraft engine, in that the oxygen used through a nozzle, and thrust is generated. the same speed (or Mach number) with in the combustion process comes from the With an aircraft engine, a turbine is used to lower fuel consumption at higher altitudes. external air. drive the compressor. This means that a missile based on ramjet technology will be able to cruise to longer ranges at high altitudes.

The ramjet missiles of the future – The hurdle facing ramjet-based missiles is obviously that of the ramjet having to reach a speed of Mach 2 or more before the ramjet motor will start producing thrust. Thus, a booster is required to accelerate the missile to a sufficient speed before the ramjet can take over. At that point, the advantages of a ramjet-based missile will have been achieved. The range of a ramjet missile can with the technology NAMMO is developing be up to 5 to 6 times the range of a missile using a conventional rocket motor, with comparable size and weight. The ramjet technology makes it possible to push the maximum speed of a ramjet missile up beyond Mach 6, but our current estimate is that Mach 3-3.5 will be Art impression of the X-51 Waverider. The Boeing X-51 Waverider is an unmanned research scramjet the optimum speed for maximum range, experimental aircraft for hypersonic flight at Mach 5 (3,300 mph; 5,300 km/h) and an altitude of 70,000 Ørbekk continues. feet (21,000 m). The aircraft was designated X-51 in 2005. It completed its first powered hypersonic flight on – It is our view that we will have the 26 May 2010. After two unsuccessful test flights, the X-51 completed a flight of over six minutes and reached speeds of over Mach 5 for 210 seconds on 1 May 2013 for the longest duration powered hypersonic flight. option of adjusting the thrust in-flight, and A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet. Ill. USAF/ Boeing thereby accelerating the ramjet missile on

26 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 RAMJET

The BrahMos is a medium-range supersonic ramjet cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft, or land. It is the fastest cruise missile in the world. The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0, which is being upgraded to Mach 5.0. BrahMos is a joint venture between the Russia and India. The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the Moskva of Russia. The land-launched and ship-launched versions are already in service, with the air and submarine-launched versions currently in the testing phase. Photo: BrahMos consortium

command through the missile computer.­ ramjet takeover velocity, the booster rocket – It takes a good deal of energy to This may typically be required of a ramjet­ motor is ejected. Eject able boosters are heat the air, and for this purpose, we are missile tasked with the taking out of an typically used with missiles for ground using a propane heater producing up to incoming missile. The ramjet missile will launched applications. 12 megawatts, says Ørbekk, noting that then towards the end of its flight path be Integrated boosters, on the other this corresponds to about a thousand gas able to increase its speed, in order to cut hand, are designed and integrated into ­garden grills with three burners each. off another missile flying a crossing path. the ramjet combustor volume. Inte­grated In our facility, we can then simulate Regarding the booster component boosters are typically used with ­missiles ramjet flights at various altitudes. itself, we are envisioning both integrated fired from aircraft, where it could be a boosters and boosters that can be dropped. problem that the missile fired out in front of The future Boosters that can be dropped, means that the fighter aircraft might drop off a booster Given the appropriate financing, I believe it when the booster has burnt its on-board that could in a worst case be rammed by would be realistic to develop an operative­ propellant, and the missile has reached the host aircraft. ramjet-based 155 mm artillery projectile which we could have ready to market by

Inlet Fuel injection Nozzle Test facility at Raufoss 2023. (M>1) Flame holder (M=1) Here at the NAMMO test centre at On the missile side too, we should Brandalsmyra,­ near Raufoss and some be able to develop a ramjet over the 100 kms north of Oslo, we have built a course of five years, while this would be unique test facility for development and ­dependent on collaboration with a ­missile flying ramjets in the atmosphere. The test ­manufacturer to develop the missile facility allows us to simulate flights from ­component. In this case, we may there- Compression Combustion Exhaust (M<1) chamber (M>1) Mach 2 all the way up to Mach 5. The air is fore be looking at a time-line of ten years ­pre-warmed from 300-400 degrees C up to ­before we have anything we can take to the Ill: Emoscopes/wolfkeeper/wiki approximately 1000 degrees C. market.­

RAMJET The ramjet technology has been around for quite some time, and the first tests of ramjet propulsion date back to before the second World War. The photo displays a Lockheed D-21 supersonic ramjet-powered reconnais- sance drone developed in the 1960ties. The D-21 had maximum speed in excess of Mach 3.3 (2200 miles per hour; 3600 kilome- ters per hour) at an operational altitude of 90,000 feet (27,000 meters). Four operational missions with the D-21B were conducted over China from November 1969 to March 1971. But the missions were no success; the drones either crashed or fell into the sea, where they sank, and the reconnaissance photos were lost. In 1971 the D-21 program was terminated. Photo: USAF

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 27 RAMJET

The map indicates how 5 artillery positions using ramjet-powered ammunition can cover the whole of southern Norway. The illustration is naturally not meant to suggest that this is a suitable configuration of Norwegian artillery in a conflict situation, but is only intended to show what sort of capacity this new type of ammunition brings. Ill: Nammo NEW RAMJET POWERED 155MM ARTILLERY AMMUNITION CONCEPT

This summer, NAMMO presented a mock-up of its new ramjet about twice the height of Mont Everest. Or powered 155mm artillery ammunition. The ammunition will to make another comparison, most civilian airliners have a maximum cruising altitude enable any standard L52 155mm artillery tube gun to launch of 13,000 meters or 41,000 feet. precision strikes against targets more than 100 kms away. A ramjet powered grenade will maintain its speed right up to the apex, to he technology in a ramjet- a missile fired from a cannon. And while the a much greater extent than a conventional propelled artillery grenade missile requires a rocket booster in order to grenade. At this altitude, the air is thin, - Tis the same as that in a reach the speed that the ramjet requires to with minimal air resistance, and the glide ­ramjet missile; it’s just that it all needs to fit start generating thrust, it is the propellant fin-equipped grenade will glide towards into a much smaller package, says Thomas in the cannon which must ensure that the the target. Danebolt, vice president for Large Caliber ramjet-driven artillery grenade­ reaches the A glide path like this is compa- Ammunition at NAMMO. requisite Mach 2 to 2.5. rable to the performance of the American/ - At NAMMO, we are calling this Swedish artillery ammunition Excalibur. technology HE-ExR (Hight ­Explosive Long range, same accuracy The apex speed of this grenade, ­however, ­Extreme Range), and Nammo’s goal is to The maximum range of a regular 155 mm will be much lower than that of the develop artillery ammunition with ­extreme shell is up to a maximum of 30 kms, or 18 ­ramjet-powered ammunition, giving the range without adding any ­additional load miles, and has been so for more than 50 ramjet grenade a much longer reach. The to the gun. This means that our HE-ExR­ years. Using the NAMMO Base bleed techno­ ­Excalibur has a maximum range of about ammunition will be used effectively­ logy, the range can be extended to over 40 50 to 60 kms, or 30 to 36 miles. in ­existing 155 mm artillery systems, kms. But with this new ramjet-powered - These long ranges call for a ­without modification or adaptation. This shell, artillery could reach a range of up to ­capability to steer the grenade in order to again means that we must fit the ramjet 100 kms – 60 miles – or maybe beyond. achieve acceptable accuracy, says Danebolt, ­technology within the confines of today’s When a ramjet driven grenade is explaining that wind in particular may 155 mm artillery grenade shell. fired, it will reach its maximum altitude shift the grenade considerably from its In many ways, a ramjet powered of about 16,000 meters or 50,000 feet in intended path unless corrections can be 155 mm artillery grenade is comparable to just about 50 seconds. This corresponds to made in-flight.

28 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 RAMJET

There are currently ­guidance kits available to equip artillery grenades with glide fins, and the use of these systems will achieve the same accuracy as what is required today, which is that 50% of the grenades will hit the target within a circle of 10 meters in diameter. This kind of ­precision will also be a firm requirement of a ramjet-based A ramjet-powered artillery grenade. The grenade is designed for use in today’s modern 155mm L 52 artillery cannons­ grenade, since the explosive load without needing adaptations. Our goal is to provide the systems we already have with greater capacity and more of the grenade will have to be ­flexibility, says Thomas Danebolt of NAMMO, adding that the new ramjet-powered shell obviously can and will also be reduced to about half that of a a key asset from an overall cost perspective. Photo: Nammo conventional artillery grenade in order to make room for the ramjet and larger missiles. And not least from a cost able to attack smaller targets with the artillery, motor. point of view, both financially and with the ­saving the fighter jets and heaviermissiles ­ for There are currently ­limited military resources at hand in a combat­ bigger targets that lie further back from the ­artillery grenades in existence situation, there will be advantages to being ­enemy front lines. ­using conventional rocket ­engines, but since a conventional rocket engine carries both fuel and oxidizer (oxidisation agent), One system for the range of these grenades are limited to a maximum of 55 to 60 joint missions. kms, when the ammunitions size From the microphone to the antenna – we provide you is the same as a normal 155 mm with complete ATC and air defense communications system solutions for control centers, airport towers artillery grenade. and backup system configurations.

❙ Fully IP-based voice communications system Greater range, new according to EUROCAE ED137 ­tactical possibilities ❙ HF/VHF/UHF multiband radios ❙ Interoperability in line with NATO STANAGs Ramjet driven artillery ammuni- ❙ Speech and data operation in near-realtime tion is not intended to replace ❙ Multi-application of EPM (ECCM) waveforms ❙ Scalable, pay-as-you-grow solution other types of ammunition, but ❙ Future-ready investment will instead be an addition to the ammunition types available­ www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/atc on the market today. Artillery will still have a need to engage targets at a distance of 10 to 40 kms, and at these ranges, ­today’s ­ammunition types work very well, not least when fired in ­sequence from several cannon units, whereby a greater number of grenades hit the target area simultaneously.­ Ramjet-based artillery ammunition will be a supplement that affords greater flexibility, and opens up whole new tacti- cal opportunities for the artillery. The ramjet ammunition will in particular be a valuable option against smaller pinprick targets at very long range. Typical targets may include air defence batteries, command posts, communication hubs et cetera. These are targets that will often have a forward role and may often be too small to tar- get effectively by fighter planes

M_JointCombined_210x280_e_120824.indd 1 24.08.12 9:37 Uhr

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 29 RBS15 GUNGNIR

ANTI-SHIP MISSILE SYSTEM RBS15 GUNGNIR

This summer, Saab presented the RBS15 Gungnir next tration (FMV). The contract amounted to ­generation anti-ship missile system. SEK 3.2 billion with deliveries to take place during the period 2017-2026. Additional ­production of missiles was contracted with BS15 Gungnir is offered in the deck of a naval vessel. It is compat- FMV in April 2017 for MSEK 500, with both air-launched and surface- ible with the ships of various sizes and ­deliveries to begin in the mid-2020s. Rlaunched configurations that offer shapes. The RBS15 missile family is joint- greatly improved capabilities, compared In the Swedish armed forces ly produced by Saab and Diehl Defence to other missile systems on the market. the missiles will be deployed on-board GmbH & Co. KG and serves with vari- The aerial variant of Gungnir is the Visby-class corvettes of the Royal ous navies, coastal batteries and air forces designated as RBS 15 Mk4 Air. In the air- ­Swedish Navy and JAS Gripen E multi- from Sweden, Finland, Germany, Poland, launched configuration, RBS 15 Mk4 air role fighters­ of the Swedish Air Force. Croatia, Thailand and an undisclosed missiles can be propelled from the Saab country. Gripen multi-role fighter aircraft. The air Background system can also be integrated with other The next generation version of the RBS15 RBS15 Gungnir similar aircraft. development and production programme The RBS15 Gungnir integrates with In the ship-launched configura- was first contracted in March 2017 with ­pre-existing RBS15 infrastructure. The tion, the Mk4 missiles are launched from the Swedish Defence Material Adminis- system is backwards compatible, so an

30 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 RBS15 GUNGNIR

investment in Mk3 today opens a smooth path to transition into Gungnir to­ morrow. Gungnir can be seamlessly inte- grated into the existing infrastructure of forces such as trucks, aircraft and ships. The airframe of the missile is made of composite materials and has mounts to enable its installation on aircraft.­ The composite structure offers defence pene­ tration and protection against electronic threats. The J-band active radar target seeker on-board the Gungnir is integrated with a highly accurate inertial navigation system (INS). The target seeker offers all-weather operational capability. It pro- RBS 15 Mk4 air missiles can be launched from the Saab Gripen multi-role fighter Ill. Saab vides a greater degree of precision while discriminating targets and engaging them The warhead placed in the middle­ RBS 15 GUNGNIR even in the most adverse conditions. of the missile weighs approximately A new data link installed in the 200kg. Missile Type: Anti-ship missile missile system enables the operators to The missile is powered by a Speed: 0.9 Mach retarget the missile during the flight. The turbo­jet engine, while the land and sea Weight In-Flight: 650kg Weight with boosters: 810kg missile is also equipped with an anti-jam ­configurations of the RBS 15 Mk4 are Length: 4.35m global positioning system (GPS) and also attached with two booster motors Wingspan: 1.40m ­other advanced autonomous techno­ for a high amount of thrust in the initial Range: More than 300km logies that enhance its survivability. boost phase.

RBS 15 Gungnir is the next-generation missile in the RBS 15 family of all-weather anti-ship missile system. The range is more than 300km, which is greater than that of other missiles in the RBS 15 family. The name Gungnir is from Scandinavian ­mythology and refers to the Norse god Odin’s spear which never missed its target Ill. Saab

MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 31 NEW POLICE HELICOPTER

First flight with the new Norwegian police helicopter. The Norwegian Police has ordered a total of three AW 169 helicopters, at a cost of approximately 313 million NOK. The total contract value however is 670 million NOK, including maintenance, service and training for the next ten years. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

FIRST FLIGHT FOR THE NEW AW169 Length: 14,65 m ­NORWEGIAN POLICE HELICOPTER Passengers: crew of 2 plus up to 10 persons (depending on seating In November this year, the first of a total of three AW-169-­ configuration)­ Maximum take-off weight: 4800 kg helicopters ordered by the Norwegian Police made its maiden Maximum/cruising speed: 165/140 knots flight at Leonardo´s helicopter factory in Vergiate just north of (306/260 kph, 190/152 mph) Maximum endurance: 4 h 20 min Milan in Northern Italy. Maximum range: 426 nautical miles (790 kms, 490miles) or about 15 years, the Nor­ ­wegian bit more than 2 hours. For these ­reasons, ­police have been operating­ the Police Force has declared the new Ftwo EC 135 T2+ mainly used ­helicopters to ­represent a revolution in for sur­ ­veillance. Of the three new the police ­standby alert readiness. ­AW-169 helicopters,­ one is planned for The first of the three AW169-­ ­surveillance, while two will mainly be helicopters is expected to come to ­Norway used for emergency­ transport missions. in late February next year, and the next In ­addition to one more helicopter than two within the summer of 2019. The three ­today, the AW-169­ offers significant helicopters will be stationed at the new higher ­capacities than the EC 135. In Police training and emergency centre at com­parison, the EC-135­ has a maximum Taraldrud, approximately 10 kms south take-off weight of 2910 kg, while the AW of Oslo. The Taraldsrud centre is expected 169 has a maximum take-off weight of to be finished within two years’ time, and 4800 kg. Maximum endurance­ of the until then the helicopters will be based at The Norwegian police are also purchasing a train- ing simulator for in-house flight training. In the AW169 is approximately­ 4 h 20 min, Gardermoen Airport some 40 kms north of photo, the screens display the terrain surrounding while the endurance­ of the ­EC-135 is a Oslo. Gardermoen Airport. Photo: MilitærTeknikk

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32 MILITÆRTEKNIKK 6/2018 B:216 mm T:210 mm S:186 mm

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